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Sustaining attention in affective contexts during adolescence: age-related differences and association with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cogn Emot 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38712807 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2348730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Sustained attention, a key cognitive skill that improves during childhood and adolescence, tends to be worse in some emotional and behavioural disorders. Sustained attention is typically studied in non-affective task contexts; here, we used a novel task to index performance in affective versus neutral contexts across adolescence (N = 465; ages 11-18). We asked whether: (i) performance would be worse in negative versus neutral task contexts; (ii) performance would improve with age; (iii) affective interference would be greater in younger adolescents; (iv) adolescents at risk for depression and higher in anxiety would show overall worse performance; and (v) would show differential performance in negative contexts. Results indicated that participants performed more poorly in negative contexts and showed age-related performance improvements. Those at risk of depression performed more poorly than those at lower risk. However, there was no difference between groups as a result of affective context. For anxiety there was no difference in performance as a function of severity. However, those with higher anxiety showed less variance in their reaction times to negative stimuli than those with lower anxiety. One interpretation is that moderate levels of emotional arousal associated with anxiety make individuals less susceptible to the distracting effects of negative stimuli.
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The Experts Speak: Challenges in Banking Brain Tissue for Research. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:179-184. [PMID: 38621226 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2024.29135.ajr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
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Acute Toxicity of Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated (Chemo)Radiotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the RAIDER Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:586-597. [PMID: 37225552 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adding concurrent (chemo)therapy to radiotherapy improves outcomes for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. A recent meta-analysis showed superior invasive locoregional disease control for a hypofractionated 55 Gy in 20 fractions schedule compared with 64 Gy in 32 fractions. In the RAIDER clinical trial, patients undergoing 20 or 32 fractions of radical radiotherapy were randomised (1:1:2) to standard radiotherapy or to standard-dose or escalated-dose adaptive radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant therapy were permitted. We report exploratory analyses of acute toxicity by concomitant therapy-fractionation schedule combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants had unifocal bladder urothelial carcinoma staged T2-T4a N0 M0. Acute toxicity was assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) weekly during radiotherapy and at 10 weeks after the start of treatment. Within each fractionation cohort, non-randomised comparisons of the proportion of patients reporting treatment emergent grade 2 or worse genitourinary, gastrointestinal or other adverse events at any point in the acute period were carried out using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Between September 2015 and April 2020, 345 (163 receiving 20 fractions; 182 receiving 32 fractions) patients were recruited from 46 centres. The median age was 73 years; 49% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 71% received concomitant therapy, with 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C most commonly used: 44/114 (39%) receiving 20 fractions; 94/130 (72%) receiving 32 fractions. The acute grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity rate was higher in those receiving concomitant therapy compared with radiotherapy alone in the 20-fraction cohort [54/111 (49%) versus 7/49 (14%), P < 0.001] but not in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.355). Grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity was highest for gemcitabine, with evidence of significant differences across therapies in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.006), with a similar pattern but no significant differences in the 20-fraction cohort (P = 0.099). There was no evidence of differences in grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity between concomitant therapies in either the 20- or 32-fraction cohorts. CONCLUSION Grade 2+ acute adverse events are common. The toxicity profile varied by type of concomitant therapy; the gastrointestinal toxicity rate seemed to be higher in patients receiving gemcitabine.
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Patterns of Failure After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Sacral Metastases. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:339-346. [PMID: 36805131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat sacral metastases. We analysed our centre's local relapse rates and patterns of failure after sacral SBRT and assessed whether using the consensus contouring recommendation (CCR) may have prevented local relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-centre retrospective review of patients treated with sacral SBRT between February 2012 and December 2021. The cumulative incidence of local relapse, patterns of failure and overall survival were determined. Two investigators reviewed planning computed tomography scans and imaging at relapse to determine if local relapse was potentially preventable with a larger CCR-derived radiotherapy field. RESULTS In total, 34 patients received sacral SBRT, with doses ranging from 24 to 40 Gy over three to five fractions. The most frequently used schedule was 30 Gy in three fractions. Common primaries treated included prostate (n = 16), breast (n = 6), lung (n = 3) and renal (n = 3) cancers. The median follow-up was 20 months (interquartile range 13-55 months). The cumulative incidence of local relapse (4/34) was 2.9% (95% confidence interval 0.2-13.2), 6.3% (95% confidence interval 1.1-18.5) and 16.8% (95% confidence interval 4.7-35.4) at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The patterns of failure were local-only (1/34), local and distant (3/34) and distant relapse (10/34). The overall survival was 96.7% (95% confidence interval 90.5-100) and 90.6% (95% confidence interval 78.6-100) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. For prostate/breast primaries, the cumulative incidence of local relapse was 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3-19.4), 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3-19.4) and 12.5% (95% confidence interval 1.7-34.8) at 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively. Twenty-nine cases (85.3%) deviated from the CCR. Sacral relapse was potentially preventable if the CCR was used in one patient (2.9% of the whole cohort and 25% of the relapsed cohort). DISCUSSION We have shown excellent local control rates with sacral SBRT, which was largely planned with a margin expansion approach.
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The impact of mindfulness training in early adolescence on affective executive control, and on later mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomised controlled trial. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 25:ebmental-2022-300460. [PMID: 35820991 PMCID: PMC9340025 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2022-300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that mindfulness training (MT) appears effective at improving mental health in young people. MT is proposed to work through improving executive control in affectively laden contexts. However, it is unclear whether MT improves such control in young people. MT appears to mitigate mental health difficulties during periods of stress, but any mitigating effects against COVID-related difficulties remain unexamined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether MT (intervention) versus psychoeducation (Psy-Ed; control), implemented in after-school classes: (1) Improves affective executive control; and/or (2) Mitigates negative mental health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (Registration: https://osf.io/d6y9q/; Funding: Wellcome (WT104908/Z/14/Z, WT107496/Z/15/Z)). 460 students aged 11-16 years were recruited and randomised 1:1 to either MT (N=235) or Psy-Ed (N=225) and assessed preintervention and postintervention on experimental tasks and self-report inventories of affective executive control. The RCT was then extended to evaluate protective functions of MT on mental health assessed after the first UK COVID-19 lockdown. FINDINGS Results provided no evidence that the version of MT used here improved affective executive control after training or mitigated negative consequences on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to Psy-Ed. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that MT improves affective control or downstream mental health of young people during stressful periods. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS We need to identify interventions that can enhance affective control and thereby young people's mental health.
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OC-0105 PROMPTS RCT of screening MRI for spinal cord compression in prostate cancer (ISRCTN74112318). Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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OA15.01 Mobocertinib in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Positive Metastatic NSCLC Patients With Disease Control on Prior EGFR TKI Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1218P Characterization of GI toxicities and their impact on efficacy in patients (pts) with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with mobocertinib (TAK-788) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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1231P Characterization and management of mobocertinib (TAK-788) induced skin toxicity in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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OC-0289 Comparison of side effects at 2 years in the randomised PACE-B trial (SBRT vs standard radiotherapy). Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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OC-0513 Acute toxicity of hypo- and conventionally-fractionated radiosensitised bladder radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10654-10668. [PMID: 34275630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Correlating volatile compounds with the sensory attributes of whole milk powder (WMP) is fundamental for appreciating the effect of lipid oxidation (LO) on sensory perception. LO compounds can adversely affect the sensory perception of WMP by imparting rancid, metallic, and painty notes. Whole milk powders derived from milk produced by cows maintained on a pasture diet (grass and grass-clover mix) versus a nonpasture diet [total mixed ration (TMR); concentrates and silage] were stored at room temperature 21°C (ambient storage) and 37°C (accelerated storage) and analyzed for volatile compounds and sensory attributes every 2 mo for a total of 6 mo. Thirteen volatile compounds originating from LO were chosen to track the volatile profile of the WMP during storage. Color, composition, total fatty acid, and free fatty acid profiling were also carried out. Significant variations in the concentrations of 14 fatty acids were observed in WMP based on diet. Concentrations of free fatty acids increased in all sample types during storage. Similar trends in sensory attributes were observed with an increase in painty attributes, corresponding to an increase in hexanal. Buttery/toffee attributes were found to be more closely correlated with TMR WMP. Those WMP derived from pasture diets were found to be more susceptible to LO from a volatile perspective, particularly in relation to aldehyde development, which is likely due to increased concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid found in these samples.
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OFP01.08 Tolerability, Low-Fat Meal Effect, and Relative Bioavailability (BA) of Oral EGFR Inhibitor TAK-788 in Healthy Volunteers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Failing to Close the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice in Radical Bladder Cancer Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:46-49. [PMID: 32762980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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TT01.03 Drug-Drug Interaction of Oral EGFR Inhibitor TAK-788 With Itraconazole and Rifampin in Healthy Volunteers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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OC-0590: Multicentre dual-trial implementation of plan of the day (PoD) adaptive radiotherapy: lessons learnt. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence. J Adolesc 2020; 84:56-68. [PMID: 32858504 PMCID: PMC7674583 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents are particularly susceptible to social influence and previous studies have shown that this susceptibility decreases with age. The current study used a cross-sectional experimental paradigm to investigate the effect of age and puberty on susceptibility to both prosocial and antisocial influence. Methods Participants (N = 520) aged 11–18 from London and Cambridge (United Kingdom) rated how likely they would be to engage in a prosocial (e.g. “help a classmate with their work”) or antisocial (e.g. “make fun of a classmate”) act. They were then shown the average rating (in fact fictitious) that other adolescents had given to the same question, and were then asked to rate the same behaviour again. Results Both prosocial and antisocial influence decreased linearly with age, with younger adolescents being more socially influenced when other adolescents’ ratings were more prosocial and less antisocial than their own initial rating. Both antisocial and prosocial influence significantly decreased across puberty for boys but not girls (independent of age). Conclusions These findings suggest that social influence declines with increasing maturity across adolescence. However, the exact relationship between social influence and maturity is dependent on the nature of the social influence and gender. Understanding when adolescents are most susceptible to different types of social influence, and how this might influence their social behaviour, has important implications for understanding adolescent social development.
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Validity assessment of the Non-Technical Skills for Urological Surgeons (NoTSUS) curriculum and assessment scale. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Microwave Thermolysis Reduces Generalized and Social Anxiety in Young Adults With Axillary Hyperhidrosis. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:842-847. [PMID: 32175622 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyperhidrosis (HH) is associated with impairments in quality of life (QOL) and elevated anxiety. Microwave thermolysis is a newer treatment that reduces sweating, yet effects on QOL and emotional symptoms have not been examined. Two treatment sessions are recommended to achieve 80% amelioration of clinical HH. We hypothesized that microwave thermolysis would reduce sweat severity, improve QOL, and reduce anxiety in young adults suffering from axillary HH in a prospective clinical trial. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 24 young adults (mean age = 23.57 years, 54% female) with elevated scores on the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale. All participants received one session of microwave thermolysis, and 83% received two sessions. Participants completed measures of sweat severity, QOL, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, social avoidance, and anxious/depressive mood symptoms at baseline; post-first treatment; and following second treatment. RESULTS At baseline, all participants had severe sweating; 87.5% had impaired QOL, 75% had elevated social anxiety, 50% with generalized anxiety, 48% with social avoidance, and 38% with anxious/depressed mood. Paired samples t tests indicated significant improvements from baseline to first procedure, including decreased sweating (t(21) = 5.68, P < 0.001), improved QOL (t(23) = 4.97, P < 0.001), and decreased generalized anxiety (t(23) = 8.11, P < 0.001), social anxiety (t(22) = 4.55, P < 0.001), mood symptoms (t(21) = 3.81, P = 0.001), and social avoidance (t(22) = 3.12, P = 0.005). After second treatment, further improvements were noted in sweating (t(18) = 3.28, P = 0.004) and QOL (t(18) = 3.83, P = 0.003), and a marginal trend for generalized anxiety (t(19) = 1.96, P = 0.064). CONCLUSION There were significant improvements in sweat severity, skin-specific QOL, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, anxious/depressive symptoms, and social avoidance. The majority of the psychosocial benefit appears to emerge after one treatment of microwave thermolysis, whereas the level of sweat severity and QOL continued to show further improvements after a second treatment. Results would suggest that although two microwave thermolysis sessions are needed for maximal treatment optimization of axillary HH, patients may experience significant benefits in improving psychosocial functioning after just one session. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Determination of Semicarbazide in Fresh Egg and Whole Egg Powder by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Validation Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory validation study was conducted according to harmonized protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of semicarbazide (SEM) in fresh whole egg and in an industrially processed whole egg powder. The sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid and derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, with 1,2-[15N213C]SEM as the internal standard. The extract was neutralized and purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. SEM was determined by reversed-phase LC with detection by MS/MS. Five fresh egg samples, of which 3 were obtained from hens fed nitrofurazone (NFZ), one was spiked with SEM at 50 μg/kg and one was a blank sample, and 5 industrial whole egg powder samples, of which 3 were spiked with fresh whole egg from hens fed NFZ, one was spiked with SEM at 350 μg/kg, and one was a blank sample, were sent to 15 laboratories in 10 different European countries. Results were obtained from 12 participants. Average recoveries of SEM from the fresh egg and the egg powder samples were 105.3 and 121.3%, respectively. The relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.9 to 9.3%, and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 22.5 to 38.1%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for both matrixes, as evidenced by the HorRat values, at the target levels for the determination of SEM.
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Determination of Semicarbazide in Baby Food by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Validation Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.3.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory validation study funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO), was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of semicarbazide (SEM) in different types of baby food at a possible future European regulatory limit (10 ng/g). The test portion of the sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid, and the analyte was derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, with 1,2-[15N2, 13C] SEM as an internal standard. The extract was neutralized and then purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The SEM was determined by reversed-phase LC with detection by MS/MS. Apple puree, rice pudding, and meat/vegetable meal baby food materials, spiked with SEM at levels of about 3, 10, and 30 ng/g, respectively, were sent to 20 laboratories in 12 different European countries, which submitted results from 17 participants. Recoveries ranged from 88.8 to 106.1%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind pairs at 3 levels), the relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9% and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 16.6 to 24.3%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for all 3 matrixes, as evidenced by HorRat values, at the target levels for the determination of SEM.
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Programming effects of maternal and gestational obesity on offspring metabolism and metabolic inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16027. [PMID: 31690792 PMCID: PMC6831633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age there is a need to understand the ramifications of this on offspring. The purpose of this study is to investigate the programming effects of maternal obesity during preconception and the preconception/gestational period on adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation in offspring using an animal model. Adult female C57Bl/6J mice were assigned either normal diet, high fat diet (HFD) prior to pregnancy, or HFD prior to and through pregnancy. Some offspring were maintained on normal diet while others started HFD later in life. Offspring were assessed for body composition and metabolic responses. Lipid storing tissues were evaluated for expansion and inflammation. Male offspring from the preconception group had the greatest weight gain, most subcutaneous adipose tissue, and largest liver mass when introduced to postnatal HFD. Male offspring of the preconception/gestation group had worsened glucose tolerance and an increase in resident (CD11c−) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) when exposed to postnatal HFD. Female offspring had no significant difference in any parameter between the diet treatment groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that prenatal and pregnancy windows have independent programming effects on offspring. Preconception exposure affects body composition and adiposity while gestation exposure affects metabolism and tissue immune cell phenotypes.
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183 Risk of Hypoglycaemia in Older Patients in Residential Care on Oral Hypoglycaemic Medication. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz103.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in older patients in residential care(RC) with prevalence ranging from 11-36%.Guidlines(1) on glucose targets to avoid the risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia respectively in older people recommend avoiding a fasting glucose on treatment of 6mmol/L or a random glucose level higher than 11.0mmol/L. An HbA1c of 53to 59mmol/mol(7-7.5%) should be aimed for although this may need adjusting in RC and StoppFrail guidelines suggest a target of HbA1c of <8%(64mmol/mol). We assessed the prevalence, drug treatment and glycaemic control in 107 older patients in residential care at two sites in Dublin.
Methods
Patients with DM were identified from review of medical notes. Hypoglycaemic treatment whether oral hypoglycemic drugs(OHD) or insulin, capillary blood glucose measurements(CBGM) over the previous 28 day period, HbA1c values and weight change over the previous year respectively were tabulated from patient records.
Results
Sixteen patients (15%) aged 66-93 were documented with DM. Eight (50%) were on no hypoglycaemic treatment in whom OHD had been discontinued in 2 patients over the previous 6 months because of risk of hypoglycaemia.. Six patients (38%) were only on OHD, whilst 2 were on insulin. Of the 6 patients on OHD, CABGM were below 6mmol/L in 3 patients (50%) with no values above 11mmol/L. All 3 patients had lost weight ( 2.5-6.8Kg) over the previous year and HbA1c levels were below 53mmol/mol (7%) in all 3 patients.
Conclusion
Although our numbers are small, 50% of our patients in residential care on OHD are at risk of hypoglycemia possibly related to weight loss. Reducing or discontinuing their OHD may be appropriate.
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The effect of social preference on academic diligence in adolescence. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190165. [PMID: 31598279 PMCID: PMC6774955 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we were interested in whether adolescents show a preference for social stimuli compared with non-social stimuli in the context of academic diligence, that is, the ability to expend effort on tedious tasks that have long-term benefits. Forty-five female adolescents (aged 11-17) and 46 female adults (aged 23-33) carried out an adapted version of the Academic Diligence Task (ADT). We created two variations of the ADT: a social ADT and non-social ADT. Individuals were required to freely split their time between an easy, boring arithmetic task and looking at a show-reel of photographs of people (in the social ADT) or landscapes (in the non-social ADT). Individuals also provided enjoyment ratings for both the arithmetic task and the set of photographs they viewed. Adolescents reported enjoying the social photographs significantly more than the non-social photographs, with the converse being true for adults. There was no significant difference in the time spent looking at the social photographs between the adolescents and adults. However, adults spent significantly more time than adolescents looking at the non-social photographs, suggesting that adolescents were less motivated to look at the non-social stimuli. Further, the correlation between self-reported enjoyment of the pictures and choice behaviour in the ADT was stronger for adults than for adolescents in the non-social condition, revealing a greater discrepancy between self-reported enjoyment and ADT choice behaviour for adolescents. Our results are discussed within the context of the development of social cognition and introspective awareness between adolescence and adulthood.
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Pilot evaluation of Enterococcus faecium SF68 as adjunctive therapy for oclacitinib-responsive adult atopic dermatitis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:499-506. [PMID: 31257599 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adjunctive effect of supplementation with Enterococcus faecium SF68 (FortiFlora; Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets) on oclacitinib (Apoquel, Zoetis) dose reduction, while maintaining or reducing the Pruritus Visual Analog Score and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index values in client-owned adult dogs with environmental atopic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrolled dogs had exhibited control of atopic dermatitis on oclacitinib for at least 6 months before, and continuing throughout, the study. Dogs with non-seasonal pruritus were blindly randomised to receive either SF68 (1×108 colony forming units/g orally twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. After 8 weeks of supplementation, oclacitinib dose was decreased by approximately 25%, aiming to maintain and reduce the clinical disease scores. RESULTS Supplementation with SF68 was associated with no difference in oclacitinib dose reduction versus placebo in 21 client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Clinical disease scores were not different between groups at study completion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Further larger-scale studies are warranted to investigate optimal strain(s), dosing and duration of probiotic supplementation as an adjunctive strategy in management of canine atopic dermatitis.
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Corrigendum to: Can ARFI of the liver and spleen predict the presence of gastroesophageal varies? [Clin Radiol 73 (12) (2018) 1046–1051]. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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A Dosimetric Comparison of Breast Radiotherapy Techniques to Treat Locoregional Lymph Nodes Including the Internal Mammary Chain. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:346-353. [PMID: 29483041 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radiotherapy target volumes in early breast cancer treatment increasingly include the internal mammary chain (IMC). In order to maximise survival benefits of IMC radiotherapy, doses to the heart and lung should be minimised. This dosimetry study compared the ability of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, arc therapy and proton beam therapy (PBT) techniques with and without breath-hold to achieve target volume constraints while minimising dose to organs at risk (OARs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 14 patients' datasets, seven IMC radiotherapy techniques were compared: wide tangent (WT) three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and PBT, each in voluntary deep inspiratory breath-hold (vDIBH) and free breathing (FB), and tomotherapy in FB only. Target volume coverage and OAR doses were measured for each technique. These were compared using a one-way ANOVA with all pairwise comparisons tested using Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, with adjusted P-values ≤ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS One hundred per cent of WT(vDIBH), 43% of WT(FB), 100% of VMAT(vDIBH), 86% of VMAT(FB), 100% of tomotherapy FB and 100% of PBT plans in vDIBH and FB passed all mandatory constraints. However, coverage of the IMC with 90% of the prescribed dose was significantly better than all other techniques using VMAT(vDIBH), PBT(vDIBH) and PBT(FB) (mean IMC coverage ± 1 standard deviation = 96.0% ± 4.3, 99.8% ± 0.3 and 99.0% ± 0.2, respectively). The mean heart dose was significantly reduced in vDIBH compared with FB for both the WT (P < 0.0001) and VMAT (P < 0.0001) techniques. There was no advantage in target volume coverage or OAR doses for PBT(vDIBH) compared with PBT(FB). CONCLUSIONS Simple WT radiotherapy delivered in vDIBH achieves satisfactory coverage of the IMC while meeting heart and lung dose constraints. However, where higher isodose coverage is required, VMAT(vDIBH) is the optimal photon technique. The lowest OAR doses are achieved by PBT, in which the use of vDIBH does not improve dose statistics.
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OC-0595: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy:3-year normal tissue effects. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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β- γ and isomeric decay spectroscopy of 168Dy. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817802023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution will report on the experimental work on the level structure of 168Dy. The experimental data have been taken as part of the EURICA decay spectroscopy campaign at RIBF, RIKEN in November 2014. In the experiment, a 238U primary beam is accelerated up to 345 MeV/u with an average intensity of 12 pnA. The nuclei of interest are produced by in-flight fission of 238U impinging on Be target with a thickness of 5 mm. The excited states of 168Dy have been populated through the decay from a newly identified isomeric state and via the β decay from 168Tb. In this contribution, scientific motivations, experimental procedure and some preliminary results for this study are presented.
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The Application and Feasibility of Using Routine Data Sources for Long-term Cancer Clinical Trial Follow-up. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:796-798. [PMID: 29107391 PMCID: PMC6175051 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A Multibacteriocin Cheese Starter System, Comprising Nisin and Lacticin 3147 in Lactococcus lactis, in Combination with Plantaricin from Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00799-17. [PMID: 28476774 PMCID: PMC5494623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00799-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional starter cultures demonstrating superior technological and food safety properties are advantageous to the food fermentation industry. We evaluated the efficacies of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starters of Lactococcus lactis capable of producing the class I bacteriocins nisin A and/or lacticin 3147 in terms of starter performance. Single producers were generated by mobilizing the conjugative bacteriophage resistance plasmid pMRC01, carrying lacticin genetic determinants, or the conjugative transposon Tn5276, carrying nisin genetic determinants, to the commercial starter L. lactis CSK2775. The effect of bacteriocin coproduction was examined by superimposing pMRC01 into the newly constructed nisin transconjugant. Transconjugants were improved with regard to antimicrobial activity and bacteriophage insensitivity compared to the recipient strain, and the double producer was immune to both bacteriocins. Bacteriocin production in the starter was stable, although the recipient strain proved to be a more efficient acidifier than transconjugant derivatives. Overall, combinations of class I bacteriocins (the double producer or a combination of single producers) proved to be as effective as individual bacteriocins for controlling Listeria innocua growth in laboratory-scale cheeses. However, using the double producer in combination with the class II bacteriocin producer Lactobacillus plantarum or using the lacticin producer with the class II producer proved to be most effective for reducing bacterial load. As emergence of bacteriocin tolerance was reduced 10-fold in the presence of nisin and lacticin, we suggest that the double producer in conjunction with the class II producer could serve as a protective culture providing a food-grade, multihurdle approach to control pathogenic growth in a variety of industrial applications.IMPORTANCE We generated a suite of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starter cultures capable of generating the class I bacteriocin lacticin 3147 or nisin or both bacteriocins simultaneously via conjugation. The transconjugants exhibited improved bacteriophage resistance and antimicrobial activity. The single producers proved to be as effective as the double-bacteriocin producer at reducing Listeria numbers in laboratory-scale cheese. However, combining the double producer or the lacticin-producing starter with a class II bacteriocin producer, Lactobacillus plantarum LMG P-26358, proved to be most effective at reducing Listeria numbers and was significantly better than a combination of the three bacteriocin-producing strains, as the double producer is not inhibited by either of the class I bacteriocins. Since the simultaneous use of lacticin and nisin should reduce the emergence of bacteriocin-tolerant derivatives, this study suggests that a protective starter system produced by bacteriocin stacking is a worthwhile multihurdle approach for food safety applications.
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EP-1612: Estimates of the α/β ratio for prostate using data from recent hypofractionated RT trials. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using DNA Promoter Hypermethylation in Plasma and Sputum. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1998-2005. [PMID: 27729459 PMCID: PMC6366618 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: CT screening can reduce death from lung cancer. We sought to improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer screening using ultrasensitive methods and a lung cancer-specific gene panel to detect DNA methylation in sputum and plasma.Experimental Design: This is a case-control study of subjects with suspicious nodules on CT imaging. Plasma and sputum were obtained preoperatively. Cases (n = 150) had pathologic confirmation of node-negative (stages I and IIA) non-small cell lung cancer. Controls (n = 60) had non-cancer diagnoses. We detected promoter methylation using quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR and methylation-on-beads for cancer-specific genes (SOX17, TAC1, HOXA7, CDO1, HOXA9, and ZFP42).Results: DNA methylation was detected in plasma and sputum more frequently in people with cancer compared with controls (P < 0.001) for five of six genes. The sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis using the best individual genes was 63% to 86% and 75% to 92% in sputum, respectively, and 65% to 76% and 74% to 84% in plasma, respectively. A three-gene combination of the best individual genes has sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 71% using sputum and 93% and 62% using plasma. Area under the receiver operating curve for this panel was 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-0.98] in sputum and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.86) in plasma. Independent blinded random forest prediction models combining gene methylation with clinical information correctly predicted lung cancer in 91% of subjects using sputum detection and 85% of subjects using plasma detection.Conclusions: High diagnostic accuracy for early-stage lung cancer can be obtained using methylated promoter detection in sputum or plasma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1998-2005. ©2016 AACR.
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The UK HeartSpare Study (Stage II): Multicentre Evaluation of a Voluntary Breath-hold Technique in Patients Receiving Breast Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:e51-e56. [PMID: 27890346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the feasibility and heart-sparing ability of the voluntary breath-hold (VBH) technique in a multicentre setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were recruited from 10 UK centres. Following surgery for early left breast cancer, patients with any heart inside the 50% isodose from a standard free-breathing tangential field treatment plan underwent a second planning computed tomography (CT) scan using the VBH technique. A separate treatment plan was prepared on the VBH CT scan and used for treatment. The mean heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and lung doses were calculated. Daily electronic portal imaging (EPI) was carried out and scanning/treatment times were recorded. The primary end point was the percentage of patients achieving a reduction in mean heart dose with VBH. Population systematic (Σ) and random errors (σ) were estimated. Within-patient comparisons between techniques used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS In total, 101 patients were recruited during 2014. Primary end point data were available for 93 patients, 88 (95%) of whom achieved a reduction in mean heart dose with VBH. Mean cardiac doses (Gy) for free-breathing and VBH techniques, respectively, were: heart 1.8 and 1.1, LAD 12.1 and 5.4, maximum LAD 35.4 and 24.1 (all P<0.001). Population EPI-based displacement data showed Σ =+1.3-1.9 mm and σ=1.4-1.8 mm. Median CT and treatment session times were 21 and 22 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The VBH technique is confirmed as effective in sparing heart tissue and is feasible in a multicentre setting.
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Do Routine Computed Tomography Scans Detect Early Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer? Implications for the PROMPTS Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Isomer-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich 166Tb. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714610009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Becoming the professional: the experiences of final year physiotherapy students on practice placement in the acute setting. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of Dose and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) on Patient-Reported Sexual Function in Prostate Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fear of a Black (and Working-Class) Planet: Young Women and the Racialization of Reproductive Politics. FEMINISM & PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 2:491-4. [PMID: 12287096 DOI: 10.1177/0959353592023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract 4455: DNA methylation as biomarkers to predict early recurrence of T1-2N0 lung cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Many patients die of recurrent NSCLC. Current clinical and molecular tests fail to predict patients at high risk for recurrence. We investigated the relationship between gene promoter methylation and recurrence of NSCLC and its prediction accuracy.
Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent surgery for T1-2N0 NSCLC. We collected primary tumors, regional lymph nodes (RLN) and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN). A total of 112 patients were included; cases (n = 39) and controls (n = 73) were defined based on cancer recurrence within 40 months of surgery. Promoter methylation of eight cancer-related genes (CDO1, TAC1, SOX17, p16, CDH13, RASSF1A, APC and MGMT) was obtained by using nanoparticle-based DNA extraction followed by qMSP. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, gender, race, tumor size and pack year was used to study the relationship between the gene promoter methylation and the risk of recurrence of NSCLC; machine learning assessed its prediction accuracy.
Results: Cases had significantly higher p16 methylation levels than controls in all three tissue types by univariate and multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounders (age, gender, race, tumor size, smoking history, and other gene methylation levels). SOX17 was significantly methylated among cases in both RLN and MLN samples, and remained significant in MLN after adjusting for confounders. Table 1 shows the prediction accuracy of p16 and SOX17 using tumor tissue alone and combined with RLN and/or MLN. Prediction accuracies were increased after adding biomarkers from lymph nodes.
Conclusion: Increased methylation status in the promoter region of p16 and SOX17 is associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence among patients with T1-2N0 NSCLC treated with curative resection. Adding molecular analyses of lymph nodes to primary tumor samples significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy of predicting recurrence in these patients. Table 1.Prediction accuracy using tumor and combined with RLN and/or MLN.Tissue SamplesSensitivitySpecificityPPVNPVTumor0.410.840.520.76Tumor+RLN0.680.960.900.84Tumor+MLN0.560.880.710.79Tumor+RLN+MLN0.690.900.790.85
Citation Format: Chen Chen, Andrew Yang, Devlin Danielle, Kristen Rodgers, Peng Huang, Zhihao Lu, Candace Griffin, Beverly Lee, Richard Battafarano, Fenglei Yu, Tza-Huei Wang, Stephen Baylin, James Herman, Alicia Hulbert, Malcolm Brock. DNA methylation as biomarkers to predict early recurrence of T1-2N0 lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455.
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Sexually dimorphic myeloid inflammatory and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R211-6. [PMID: 27252473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known in clinical and animal studies that women and men have different disease risk as well as different disease physiology. Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular disease compared with postmenopausal women and men. Most murine studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of similar protection in female mice. We have investigated dietary obesity in a mouse model and have directly compared inflammatory responses in males and females. In this review we will summarize what is known about sex differences in diet-induced inflammation and will summarize our data on this topic. It is clear that sex differences in high-fat diet-induced inflammatory activation are due to cell intrinsic differences in hematopoietic responses to obesogenic cues, but further research is needed to understand what leads to sexually dimorphic responses.
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Re: Prevention of brachial plexus injury-12 years of shoulder dystocia training: an interrupted time-series study: Posterior arm delivery at the time of caesarean section. BJOG 2015; 123:144. [PMID: 26715348 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8LBA 5 year outcomes of a phase III randomised trial of conventional or hypofractionated high dose intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CRUK/06/016): report from the CHHiP Trial Investigators Group. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Re: The vaginal microbiome, vaginal anti-microbial defence mechanisms and the clinical challenge of reducing infection-related preterm birth. BJOG 2015; 122:1033. [PMID: 26011464 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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FV-162 is a novel, orally bioavailable, irreversible proteasome inhibitor with improved pharmacokinetics displaying preclinical efficacy with continuous daily dosing. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1815. [PMID: 26158521 PMCID: PMC4650734 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approved proteasome inhibitors have advanced the treatment of multiple myeloma but are associated with serious toxicities, poor pharmacokinetics, and most with the inconvenience of intravenous administration. We therefore sought to identify novel orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitors with a continuous daily dosing schedule and improved therapeutic window using a unique drug discovery platform. We employed a fluorine-based medicinal chemistry technology to synthesize 14 novel analogs of epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitors and screened them for their stability, ability to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like proteasome, and antimyeloma activity in vitro. The tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic activity, and antimyeloma efficacy of our lead candidate were examined in NOD/SCID mice. We identified a tripeptide epoxyketone, FV-162, as a metabolically stable, potent proteasome inhibitor cytotoxic to human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. FV-162 had limited toxicity and was well tolerated on a continuous daily dosing schedule. Compared with the benchmark oral irreversible proteasome inhibitor, ONX-0192, FV-162 had a lower peak plasma concentration and longer half-life, resulting in a larger area under the curve (AUC). Oral FV-162 treatment induced rapid, irreversible inhibition of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in murine red blood cells and inhibited tumor growth in a myeloma xenograft model. Our data suggest that oral FV-162 with continuous daily dosing schedule displays a favorable safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profile in vivo, identifying it as a promising lead for clinical evaluation in myeloma therapy.
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PO-0782: Breast radiotherapy: invisible tattoos for external references (The BRITER study). Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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OC-0387: The UK HeartSpare Study (Stage II): Multicentre evaluation of a voluntary breath-hold technique. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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PD-0430: Results from the radiotherapy quality assurance programme for the FAST-Forward breast trial. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Re: Intake of dairy products and calcium and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 2015; 122:586. [PMID: 25702544 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Re: The effectiveness of exercise for the prevention and treatment of antenatal depression: systematic review with meta-analysis; Association and prediction of amniotic fluid measurements for adverse pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis;. BJOG 2015; 122:590-1. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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