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Aronsson I, Neely AS, Boraxbekk CJ, Eskilsson T, Gavelin HM. "Recovery activities are needed every step of the way"-exploring the process of long-term recovery in people previously diagnosed with exhaustion disorder. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:248. [PMID: 38711137 PMCID: PMC11071262 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sick-leave rates are high due to stress-related illnesses, but little is still known about the process of recovery from these conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the recovery process, 6 to 10 years after treatment in people previously diagnosed with exhaustion disorder (ED), focusing on facilitators and barriers for the process of recovery from ED, and recovery activities experienced as helpful during the recovery process. METHOD Thirty-eight participants (average age: 52 years, 32 females) previously diagnosed with ED were interviewed with semi-structured interviews 6-10 years after undergoing treatment. The interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes resulted from the analysis. The first theme, "A long and rocky road", summarizes the fluctuating path to feeling better and emphasizes barriers and facilitators that affected the process of recovery, with a focus on external life events and the participants' own behaviors. Facilitators were changing workplace, receiving support, a reduction in stressors, and changed behaviors. Barriers were a poor work environment, caregiver responsibilities, negative life events and lack of support. The second theme "Recovery activities are needed every step of the way" describes how both the need for recovery activities and the types of activities experienced as helpful changed during the recovery process, from low-effort recovery activities for long periods of time to shorter and more active recovery activities. Recovery activities were described as important for self-care but hard to prioritize in everyday life. The last theme, "Reorienting to a new place", captures the struggle to cope with the remaining impact of ED, and how internal facilitators in terms of understanding and acceptance were important to reorient and adjust to a new way of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Recovering from ED is a long and ongoing process where recovery activities are needed every step of the way. Our results highlight the importance of supporting personal recovery and long-term behavioral change, addressing individual stressors that may perpetuate the condition, and adjusting recovery activities according to where the person is in the recovery process. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0073772 . Registered on March 8, 2017. This study was pre-registered on Open Science Framework (osf.io).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Aronsson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden.
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Diagnostic Radiology, and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Gavelin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Frykholm E, Simonsson E, Levik Sandström S, Hedlund M, Holmberg H, Johansson B, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ, Rosendahl E. Applicability of a supramaximal high-intensity interval training program for older adults previously not engaged in regular exercise; analyses of secondary outcomes from the Umeå HIT Study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 73:102647. [PMID: 38604572 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This analysis of secondary outcomes investigated the applicability of supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIT) with individually prescribed external intensity performed on stationary bicycles. Sixty-eight participants with a median (min; max) age of 69 (66; 79), at the time not engaged in regular exercise were randomized to 25 twice-weekly sessions of supramaximal HIT (20-min session with 10 × 6-s intervals) or moderate-intensity training (MIT, 40-min session with 3 × 8-min intervals). The primary aim was outcomes on applicability regarding; adherence to prescribed external interval intensity, participant reported positive and negative events, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE 6-20), and affective state (Feeling Scale, FS -5-5). A secondary aim was to investigate change in exercise-related self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale) and motivation (Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2). Total adherence to the prescribed external interval intensity was [median (min; max)] 89 % (56; 100 %) in supramaximal HIT, and 100 % (95; 100 %) in MIT. The supramaximal HIT group reported 60 % of the positive (112 of 186) and 36 % of the negative (52 of 146) events. At the end of the training period, the median (min; max) session RPE was 15 (12; 17) for supramaximal HIT and 14 (9; 15) for MIT. As for FS, the median last within-session rating was 3 (-1; 5) for supramaximal HIT and 3 (1; 5) for MIT. Exercise-related motivation increased (mean difference in Relative Autonomy Index score = 1.54, 95 % CI [0.69; 2.40]), while self-efficacy did not change (mean difference = 0.55, 95 % CI [-0.75; 1.82]), regardless of group. This study provide support for supramaximal HIT in supervised group settings for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Frykholm
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Emma Simonsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofi Levik Sandström
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hedlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Holmberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Lindelöf
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Farkhani S, Demnitz N, Boraxbekk CJ, Lundell H, Siebner HR, Petersen ET, Madsen KH. End-to-end volumetric segmentation of white matter hyperintensities using deep learning. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2024; 245:108008. [PMID: 38290291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Reliable detection of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is crucial for studying the impact of diffuse white-matter pathology on brain health and monitoring changes in WMH load over time. However, manual annotation of 3D high-dimensional neuroimages is laborious and can be prone to biases and errors in the annotation procedure. In this study, we evaluate the performance of deep learning (DL) segmentation tools and propose a novel volumetric segmentation model incorporating self-attention via a transformer-based architecture. Ultimately, we aim to evaluate diverse factors that influence WMH segmentation, aiming for a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art algorithms in a broader context. METHODS We trained state-of-the-art DL algorithms, and incorporated advanced attention mechanisms, using structural fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image acquisitions. The anatomical MRI data utilized for model training was obtained from healthy individuals aged 62-70 years in the Live active Successful Aging (LISA) project. Given the potential sparsity of lesion volume among healthy aging individuals, we explored the impact of incorporating a weighted loss function and ensemble models. To assess the generalizability of the studied DL models, we applied the trained algorithm to an independent subset of data sourced from the MICCAI WMH challenge (MWSC). Notably, this subset had vastly different acquisition parameters compared to the LISA dataset used for training. RESULTS Consistently, DL approaches exhibited commendable segmentation performance, achieving the level of inter-rater agreement comparable to expert performance, ensuring superior quality segmentation outcomes. On the out of sample dataset, the ensemble models exhibited the most outstanding performance. CONCLUSIONS DL methods generally surpassed conventional approaches in our study. While all DL methods performed comparably, incorporating attention mechanisms could prove advantageous in future applications with a wider availability of training data. As expected, our experiments indicate that the use of ensemble-based models enables the superior generalization in out-of-distribution settings. We believe that introducing DL methods in the WHM annotation workflow in heathy aging cohorts is promising, not only for reducing the annotation time required, but also for eventually improving accuracy and robustness via incorporating the automatic segmentations in the evaluation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Farkhani
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lundell
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Thade Petersen
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Kattegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Sexton CE, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2008-2022. [PMID: 37798367 PMCID: PMC10663160 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration-which is shorter than current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging Working Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Demnitz N, Hulme OJ, Siebner HR, Kjaer M, Ebmeier KP, Boraxbekk CJ, Gillan CM. Characterising the covariance pattern between lifestyle factors and structural brain measures: a multivariable replication study of two independent ageing cohorts. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:115-123. [PMID: 37619515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle factors have been shown to promote healthy brain ageing. However, studies have typically focused on a single factor at a time. Given that lifestyle factors do not occur in isolation, multivariable analyses provide a more realistic model of the lifestyle-brain relationship. Here, canonical correlation analyses (CCA) examined the relationship between nine lifestyle factors and seven MRI-derived indices of brain structure. The resulting covariance pattern was further explored with Bayesian regressions. CCA analyses were first conducted on a Danish cohort of older adults (n = 251) and then replicated in a British cohort (n = 668). In both cohorts, the latent factors of lifestyle and brain structure were positively correlated (UK: r = .37, p < 0.001; Denmark: r = .27, p < 0.001). In the cross-validation study, the correlation between lifestyle-brain latent factors was r = .10, p = 0.008. However, the pattern of associations differed between datasets. These findings suggest that baseline characterisation and tailoring towards the study sample may be beneficial for achieving targeted lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Oliver J Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; London Mathematical Laboratory, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ryberg M, Boraxbekk CJ, Kjaer M, Demnitz N. Effects of acute physical activity on brain metabolites as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS) in humans: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20534. [PMID: 37818016 PMCID: PMC10560775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) promotes brain health in a variety of domains including cognition, mood, and neuroplasticity. At the neurochemical level, the mechanisms underlying these effects in the brain are not fully understood. With proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS), it is possible to non-invasively quantify metabolite concentrations, enabling studies to obtain measures of exercise-induced neurochemical changes. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature on acute effects of PA on brain metabolites as measured by 1H-MRS. Four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO) were searched, identifying 2965 studies, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA) and lactate tended to increase after exercise, while no significant changes in choline were reported. For glutamine/glutamate (Glx), studies were inconclusive. Conclusions were limited by the lack of consensus on 1H-MRS data processing and exercise protocols. To reduce inter-study differences, future studies are recommended to (1): apply a standardized exercise index (2), consider the onset time of MRS scans, and (3) follow standardized MRS quantification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ryberg
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
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7
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Simonsson E, Levik Sandström S, Hedlund M, Holmberg H, Johansson B, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ, Rosendahl E. Effects of Controlled Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Global Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Umeå HIT Study-A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1581-1590. [PMID: 36972981 PMCID: PMC10460559 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of regulated and controlled supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIT) adapted for older adults, compared to moderate-intensity training (MIT), on cardiorespiratory fitness; cognitive, cardiovascular, and muscular function; and quality of life. METHODS Sixty-eight nonexercising older adults (66-79 years, 44% males) were randomized to 3 months of twice-weekly HIT (20-minute session including 10 × 6-second intervals) or MIT (40-minute session including 3 × 8-minute intervals) on stationary bicycles in an ordinary gym setting. Individualized target intensity was watt controlled with a standardized pedaling cadence and individual adjustment of the resistance load. Primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak) and global cognitive function (unit-weighted composite). RESULTS V̇o2peak increased significantly (mean 1.38 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [0.77, 1.98]), with no between-group difference (mean difference 0.05 [-1.17, 1.25]). Global cognition did not improve (0.02 [-0.05, 0.09]), nor differed between groups (0.11 [-0.03, 0.24]). Significant between-group differences in change were observed for working memory (0.32 [0.01, 0.64]), and maximal isometric knee extensor muscle strength (0.07 N·m/kg [0.003, 0.137]), both in favor of HIT. Irrespective of the group, there was a negative change in episodic memory (-0.15 [-0.28, -0.02]), a positive change in visuospatial ability (0.26 [0.08, 0.44]), and a decrease in systolic (-2.09 mmHg [-3.54, -0.64]) and diastolic (-1.27 mmHg [-2.31, -0.25]) blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS In nonexercising older adults, 3 months of watt-controlled supramaximal HIT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular function to a similar extent as MIT, despite half the training time. In favor of HIT, there was an improvement in muscular function and a potential domain-specific effect on working memory. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03765385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Simonsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofi Levik Sandström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hedlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Holmberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Lindelöf
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Binnewies J, Nawijn L, Brandmaier AM, Baaré WFC, Boraxbekk CJ, Demnitz N, Drevon CA, Fjell AM, Lindenberger U, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Topiwala A, Walhovd KB, Ebmeier KP, Penninx BWJH. Lifestyle-related risk factors and their cumulative associations with hippocampal and total grey matter volume across the adult lifespan: A pooled analysis in the European Lifebrain consortium. Brain Res Bull 2023; 200:110692. [PMID: 37336327 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle-related risk factors, such as obesity, physical inactivity, short sleep, smoking and alcohol use, have been associated with low hippocampal and total grey matter volumes (GMV). However, these risk factors have mostly been assessed as separate factors, leaving it unknown if variance explained by these factors is overlapping or additive. We investigated associations of five lifestyle-related factors separately and cumulatively with hippocampal and total GMV, pooled across eight European cohorts. METHODS We included 3838 participants aged 18-90 years from eight cohorts of the European Lifebrain consortium. Using individual person data, we performed cross-sectional meta-analyses on associations of presence of lifestyle-related risk factors separately (overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, short sleep, smoking, high alcohol use) as well as a cumulative unhealthy lifestyle score (counting the number of present lifestyle-related risk factors) with FreeSurfer-derived hippocampal volume and total GMV. Lifestyle-related risk factors were defined according to public health guidelines. RESULTS High alcohol use was associated with lower hippocampal volume (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and overweight/obesity with lower total GMV (r = -0.09, p = 0.001). Other lifestyle-related risk factors were not significantly associated with hippocampal volume or GMV. The cumulative unhealthy lifestyle score was negatively associated with total GMV (r = -0.08, p = 0.001), but not hippocampal volume (r = -0.01, p = 0.625). CONCLUSIONS This large pooled study confirmed the negative association of some lifestyle-related risk factors with hippocampal volume and GMV, although with small effect sizes. Lifestyle factors should not be seen in isolation as there is evidence that having multiple unhealthy lifestyle factors is associated with a linear reduction in overall brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Binnewies
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas Ltd. Oslo Science Park & Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anya Topiwala
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. Is Short Sleep Bad for the Brain? Brain Structure and Cognitive Function in Short Sleepers. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5241-5250. [PMID: 37365003 PMCID: PMC10342221 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2330-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime sleepiness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep need and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this using a cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants of both sexes (20-89 years) from the Lifebrain consortium, Human Connectome project (HCP) and UK Biobank (UKB), with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. A total of 740 participants who reported to sleep <6 h did not experience daytime sleepiness or sleep problems/disturbances interfering with falling or staying asleep. These short sleepers showed significantly larger regional brain volumes than both short sleepers with daytime sleepiness and sleep problems (n = 1742) and participants sleeping the recommended 7-8 h (n = 3886). However, both groups of short sleepers showed slightly lower general cognitive function (GCA), 0.16 and 0.19 SDs, respectively. Analyses using accelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income, and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative associations with brain morphometry and that sleepiness and sleep problems may be more related to brain structural differences than duration. However, the slightly lower performance on tests of general cognitive abilities warrants closer examination in natural settings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Short habitual sleep is prevalent, with unknown consequences for brain health and cognitive performance. Here, we show that daytime sleepiness and sleep problems are more strongly related to regional brain volumes than sleep duration. However, participants sleeping ≤6 h had slightly lower scores on tests of general cognitive function (GCA). This indicates that sleep need is individual and that sleep duration per se is very weakly if at all related brain health, while daytime sleepiness and sleep problems may show somewhat stronger associations. The association between habitual short sleep and lower scores on tests of general cognitive abilities must be further scrutinized in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2020 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging working group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, The Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Lövdén M, Pagin A, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demnitz N, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Fjell AM, Ghisletta P, Gorbach T, Lindenberger U, Plachti A, Walhovd KB, Nyberg L. No moderating influence of education on the association between changes in hippocampus volume and memory performance in aging. Aging Brain 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 37457634 PMCID: PMC10338350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary accounts of factors that may modify the risk for age-related neurocognitive disorders highlight education and its contribution to a cognitive reserve. By this view, individuals with higher educational attainment should show weaker associations between changes in brain and cognition than individuals with lower educational attainment. We tested this prediction in longitudinal data on hippocampus volume and episodic memory from 708 middle-aged and older individuals using local structural equation modeling. This technique does not require categorization of years of education and does not constrain the shape of relationships, thereby maximizing the chances of revealing an effect of education on the hippocampus-memory association. The results showed that the data were plausible under the assumption that there was no influence of education on the association between change in episodic memory and change in hippocampus volume. Restricting the sample to individuals with elevated genetic risk for dementia (APOE ε4 carriers) did not change these results. We conclude that the influence of education on changes in episodic memory and hippocampus volume is inconsistent with predictions by the cognitive reserve theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amos Pagin
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo & Vitas AS, Oslo Science Park, Norway
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, POB 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- ComputationalRadiology and Artificial Intelligence, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Plachti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, POB 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- ComputationalRadiology and Artificial Intelligence, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Demnitz N, Gates AT, Mortensen EL, Garde E, Wimmelmann CL, Siebner HR, Kjaer M, Boraxbekk CJ. Is it all in the baseline? Trajectories of chair stand performance over 4 years and their association with grey matter structure in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2023. [PMID: 37219945 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding individual variability in response to physical activity is key to developing more effective and personalised interventions for healthy ageing. Here, we aimed to unpack individual differences by using longitudinal data from a randomised-controlled trial of a 12-month muscle strengthening intervention in older adults. Physical function of the lower extremities was collected from 247 participants (66.3 ± 2.5 years) at four time-points. At baseline and at year 4, participants underwent 3 T MRI brain scans. K-means longitudinal clustering was used to identify patterns of change in chair stand performance over 4 years, and voxel-based morphometry was applied to map structural grey matter volume at baseline and year 4. Results identified three groups showing trajectories of poor (33.6%), mid (40.1%), and high (26.3%) performance. Baseline physical function, sex, and depressive symptoms significantly differed between trajectory groups. High performers showed greater grey matter volume in the motor cerebellum compared to the poor performers. After accounting for baseline chair stand performance, participants were re-assigned to one of four trajectory-based groups: moderate improvers (38.9%), maintainers (38.5%), improvers (13%), and decliners (9.7%). Clusters of significant grey matter differences were observed between improvers and decliners in the right supplementary motor area. Trajectory-based group assignments were unrelated to the intervention arms of the study. In conclusion, patterns of change in chair stand performance were associated with greater grey matter volumes in cerebellar and cortical motor regions. Our findings emphasise that how you start matters, as baseline chair stand performance was associated with cerebellar volume 4 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne T Gates
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine L Wimmelmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Nyberg L, Andersson M, Lundquist A, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demnitz N, Drevon CA, Duezel S, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Henson R, Jensen DEA, Kievit RA, Knights E, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Plachti A, Pudas S, Roe JM, Madsen KS, Solé-Padullés C, Sommerer Y, Suri S, Zsoldos E, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB. Individual differences in brain aging: heterogeneity in cortico-hippocampal but not caudate atrophy rates. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5075-5081. [PMID: 36197324 PMCID: PMC10151879 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that some brain regions, such as association cortices, caudate, and hippocampus, are particularly prone to age-related atrophy, but it has been hypothesized that there are individual differences in atrophy profiles. Here, we document heterogeneity in regional-atrophy patterns using latent-profile analysis of 1,482 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging observations. The results supported a 2-group solution reflecting differences in atrophy rates in cortical regions and hippocampus along with comparable caudate atrophy. The higher-atrophy group had the most marked atrophy in hippocampus and also lower episodic memory, and their normal caudate atrophy rate was accompanied by larger baseline volumes. Our findings support and refine models of heterogeneity in brain aging and suggest distinct mechanisms of atrophy in striatal versus hippocampal-cortical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences (Radiology), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences (Radiology), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- MSB Medical School Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
- Max Plank UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and London, UK
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Sandra Duezel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England
| | - Daria E A Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethan Knights
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development & Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Plank UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and London, UK
| | - Anna Plachti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmine Sommerer
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Stiernman L, Dubol M, Comasco E, Sundström-Poromaa I, Boraxbekk CJ, Johansson M, Bixo M. Emotion-induced brain activation across the menstrual cycle in individuals with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associations to serum levels of progesterone-derived neurosteroids. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:124. [PMID: 37055419 PMCID: PMC10101953 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by severe mood symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMDD symptoms are hypothesized to be linked to an altered sensitivity to normal luteal phase levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO), a GABAA-modulating progesterone metabolite. Moreover, the endogenous 3β-epimer of ALLO, isoallopregnanolone (ISO), has been shown to alleviate PMDD symptoms through its selective and dose-dependent antagonism of the ALLO effect. There is preliminary evidence showing altered recruitment of brain regions during emotion processing in PMDD, but whether this is associated to serum levels of ALLO, ISO or their relative concentration is unknown. In the present study, subjects with PMDD and asymptomatic controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the mid-follicular and the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Brain responses to emotional stimuli were investigated and related to serum levels of ovarian steroids, the neurosteroids ALLO, ISO, and their ratio ISO/ALLO. Participants with PMDD exhibited greater activity in brain regions which are part of emotion-processing networks during the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, activity in key regions of emotion processing networks - the parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala - was differentially associated to the ratio of ISO/ALLO levels in PMDD subjects and controls. Specifically, a positive relationship between ISO/ALLO levels and brain activity was found in PMDD subjects, while the opposite was observed in controls. In conclusion, individuals with PMDD show altered emotion-induced brain responses in the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle which may be related to an abnormal response to physiological levels of GABAA-active neurosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Dubol
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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14
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von Cederwald BF, Johansson J, Riklund K, Karalija N, Boraxbekk CJ. White matter lesion load determines exercise-induced dopaminergic plasticity and working memory gains in aging. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36720847 PMCID: PMC9889313 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related dopamine reductions have been suggested to contribute to maladaptive working memory (WM) function in older ages. One promising intervention approach is to increase physical activity, as this has been associated with plasticity of the striatal dopamine system and WM improvements, however with individual differences in efficacy. The present work focused on the impact of individual differences in white-matter lesion burden upon dopamine D2-like receptor (DRD2) availability and WM changes in response to a 6 months physical activity intervention. While the intervention altered striatal DRD2 availability and WM performance in individuals with no or only mild lesions (p < 0.05), no such effects were found in individuals with moderate-to-severe lesion severity (p > 0.05). Follow-up analyses revealed a similar pattern for processing speed, but not for episodic memory performance. Linear analyses further revealed that lesion volume (ml) at baseline was associated with reduced DRD2 availability (r = -0.41, p < 0.05), and level of DRD2 change (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). Taken together, this study underlines the necessity to consider cerebrovascular health in interventions with neurocognitive targets. Future work should assess whether these findings extend beyond measures of DRD2 availability and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Farnsworth von Cederwald
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Strong A, Grip H, Arumugam A, Boraxbekk CJ, Selling J, Häger CK. Right hemisphere brain lateralization for knee proprioception among right-limb dominant individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:969101. [PMID: 36742357 PMCID: PMC9892188 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.969101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies indicate that brain response during proprioceptive tasks predominates in the right hemisphere. A right hemisphere lateralization for proprioception may help to explain findings that right-limb dominant individuals perform position matching tasks better with the non-dominant left side. Evidence for proprioception-related brain response and side preference is, however, limited and based mainly on studies of the upper limbs. Establishing brain response associated with proprioceptive acuity for the lower limbs in asymptomatic individuals could be useful for understanding the influence of neurological pathologies on proprioception and locomotion. Methods We assessed brain response during an active unilateral knee joint position sense (JPS) test for both legs of 19 right-limb dominant asymptomatic individuals (females/males = 12/7; mean ± SD age = 27.1 ± 4.6 years). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) mapped brain response and simultaneous motion capture provided real-time instructions based on kinematics, accurate JPS errors and facilitated extraction of only relevant brain images. Results Significantly greater absolute (but not constant nor variable) errors were seen for the dominant right knee (5.22° ± 2.02°) compared with the non-dominant left knee (4.39° ± 1.79°) (P = 0.02). When limbs were pooled for analysis, significantly greater responses were observed mainly in the right hemisphere for, e.g., the precentral gyrus and insula compared with a similar movement without position matching. Significant response was also observed in the left hemisphere for the inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis. When limbs were assessed independently, common response was observed in the right precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus. For the right leg, additional response was found in the right middle frontal gyrus. For the left leg, additional response was observed in the right rolandic operculum. Significant positive correlations were found between mean JPS absolute errors for the right knee and simultaneous brain response in the right supramarginal gyrus (r = 0.464, P = 0.040). Discussion Our findings support a general right brain hemisphere lateralization for proprioception (knee JPS) of the lower limbs regardless of which limb is active. Better proprioceptive acuity for the non-dominant left compared with the dominant right knee indicates that right hemisphere lateralization may have meaningful implications for motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Strong
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,*Correspondence: Andrew Strong,
| | - Helena Grip
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Selling
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K. Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Nelson A, Malmberg Gavelin H, Andersson M, Josefsson M, Eskilsson T, Slunga Järvholm L, Stigsdotter Neely A, Boraxbekk CJ. Subjective cognitive complaints and its associations to response inhibition and neural activation in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder. Stress 2023; 26:2188092. [PMID: 36883330 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2188092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related exhaustion is associated with cognitive deficits, measured subjectively using questionnaires targeting everyday slips and failures or more objectively as performance on cognitive tests. Yet, only weak associations between subjective and objective cognitive measures in this group has been presented, theorized to reflect recruitment of compensational resources during cognitive testing. This explorative study investigated how subjectively reported symptoms of cognitive functioning and burnout levels relate to performance as well as neural activation during a response inhibition task. To this end, 56 patients diagnosed with stress-related exhaustion disorder (ED; ICD-10 code F43.8A) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a Flanker paradigm. In order to investigate associations between neural activity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and burnout, respectively, scores on the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ) were added as covariates of interest to a general linear model at the whole-brain level. In agreement with previous research, the results showed that SCCs and burnout levels were largely unrelated to task performance. Moreover, we did not see any correlations between these self-report measures and altered neural activity in frontal brain regions. Instead, we observed an association between the PRMQ and increased neural activity in an occipitally situated cluster. We propose that this finding may reflect compensational processes at the level of basic visual attention which could go unnoticed in cognitive testing but still be reflected in the experience of deficits in everyday cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nelson
- Department of Social and Psychological studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts; Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Simonsson E, Stiernman LJ, Lundquist A, Rosendahl E, Hedlund M, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ. Dopamine D2/3-receptor availability and its association with autonomous motivation to exercise in older adults: An exploratory [11C]-raclopride study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:997131. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.997131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAutonomous motivation to exercise occurs when the activity is voluntary and with a perceived inherent satisfaction from the activity itself. It has been suggested that autonomous motivation is related to striatal dopamine D2/3-receptor (D2/3R) availability within the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that D2/3R availability in three striatal regions (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) would be positively associated with self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise. We also examined this relationship with additional exploratory analyses across a set of a priori extrastriatal regions of interest (ROI).MethodsOur sample comprised 49 older adults (28 females) between 64 and 78 years of age. The D2/3R availability was quantified from positron emission tomography using the non-displaceable binding potential of [11C]-raclopride ligand. The exercise-related autonomous motivation was assessed with the Swedish version of the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2.ResultsNo significant associations were observed between self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise and D2/3R availability within the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) using semi-partial correlations controlling for ROI volume on D2/3R availability. For exploratory analyses, positive associations were observed for the superior (r = 0.289, p = 0.023) and middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.330, p = 0.011), but not for the inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or anterior insular cortex.ConclusionThis study could not confirm the suggested link between striatal D2/3R availability and subjective autonomous motivation to exercise among older adults. The exploratory findings, however, propose that frontal brain regions may be involved in the intrinsic regulation of exercise-related behaviors, though this has to be confirmed by future studies using a more suitable ligand and objective measures of physical activity levels.
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18
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Walhovd KB, Nyberg L, Lindenberger U, Amlien IK, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Mowinckel AM, Kievit RA, Ebmeier KP, Bartrés-Faz D, Kühn S, Boraxbekk CJ, Ghisletta P, Madsen KS, Baaré WFC, Zsoldos E, Magnussen F, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Penninx B, Fjell AM. Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13886. [PMID: 35974034 PMCID: PMC9381768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disorders, but neural mechanisms are unknown. GCA could be associated with more cortical tissue, from young age, i.e. brain reserve, or less cortical atrophy in adulthood, i.e. brain maintenance. Controlling for education, we investigated the relative association of GCA with reserve and maintenance of cortical volume, -area and -thickness through the adult lifespan, using multiple longitudinal cognitively healthy brain imaging cohorts (n = 3327, 7002 MRI scans, baseline age 20-88 years, followed-up for up to 11 years). There were widespread positive relationships between GCA and cortical characteristics (level-level associations). In select regions, higher baseline GCA was associated with less atrophy over time (level-change associations). Relationships remained when controlling for polygenic scores for both GCA and education. Our findings suggest that higher GCA is associated with cortical volumes by both brain reserve and -maintenance mechanisms through the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, The Netherlands, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willliam F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Welcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Bojsen-Møller E, Wang R, Nilsson J, Heiland EG, Boraxbekk CJ, Kallings LV, Ekblom M. The effect of two multi-component behavior change interventions on cognitive functions. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1082. [PMID: 35641971 PMCID: PMC9158235 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported the effects of two cluster-randomized 6-month multi-component workplace interventions, targeting reducing sedentary behavior or increasing physical activity among office workers, on movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these interventions on cognitive functions compared to a wait-list control group. The secondary aims were to examine if changes in cognition were related to change in cardiorespiratory fitness or movement behaviors and if age, sex, or cardiorespiratory fitness moderated these associations. Methods Both interventions encompassed multi-components acting on the individual, environmental, and organizational levels and aimed to change physical activity patterns to improve mental health and cognitive function. Out of 263 included participants, 139 (mean age 43 years, 76% females) completed a neuropsychological test battery and wore accelerometers at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The intervention effect (aim 1) on cognitive composite scores (i.e., Executive Functions, Episodic Memory, Processing Speed, and Global Cognition) was investigated. Additionally, associations between changes in movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness, and changes in cognition were examined (aim 2). Moreover, age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level were investigated as possible moderators of change associations (aim 3). Results Overall, cognitive performance improved from baseline to follow-up, but the change did not differ between the intervention groups and the control group. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or any movement behavior category did not predict changes in cognitive functions. The association between changes in time in bed and changes in both Executive Function and Global Cognition were moderated by age, such that a more positive relation was seen with increasing age. A less positive association was seen between changes in sedentary behavior and Processing Speed for men vs. women, whereas higher cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a more positive association between changes in moderate-intensity physical activity and Global Cognition. Conclusion The lack of an intervention effect on cognitive functions was expected since the intervention did not change movement behavior or fitness. Age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level might moderate the relationships between movement behaviors and cognitive functions changes. Trial registration ISRCTN92968402. Registered 09/04/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonna Nilsson
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emerald G Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena V Kallings
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Strong A, Grip H, Boraxbekk CJ, Selling J, Häger CK. Brain Response to a Knee Proprioception Task Among Persons With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Controls. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:841874. [PMID: 35392122 PMCID: PMC8980265 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.841874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee proprioception deficits and neuroplasticity have been indicated following injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Evidence is, however, scarce regarding brain response to knee proprioception tasks and the impact of ACL injury. This study aimed to identify brain regions associated with the proprioceptive sense of joint position at the knee and whether the related brain response of individuals with ACL reconstruction differed from that of asymptomatic controls. Twenty-one persons with unilateral ACL reconstruction (mean 23 months post-surgery) of either the right (n = 10) or left (n = 11) knee, as well as 19 controls (CTRL) matched for sex, age, height, weight and current activity level, performed a knee joint position sense (JPS) test during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Integrated motion capture provided real-time knee kinematics to activate test instructions, as well as accurate knee angles for JPS outcomes. Recruited brain regions during knee angle reproduction included somatosensory cortices, prefrontal cortex and insula. Neither brain response nor JPS errors differed between groups, but across groups significant correlations revealed that greater errors were associated with greater ipsilateral response in the anterior cingulate (r = 0.476, P = 0.009), supramarginal gyrus (r = 0.395, P = 0.034) and insula (r = 0.474, P = 0.008). This is the first study to capture brain response using fMRI in relation to quantifiable knee JPS. Activated brain regions have previously been associated with sensorimotor processes, body schema and interoception. Our innovative paradigm can help to guide future research investigating brain response to lower limb proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Strong
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Grip
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Selling
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K. Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Demnitz N, Madsen KS, Johnsen LK, Kjaer M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR. Right-left asymmetry in corticospinal tract microstructure and dexterity are uncoupled in late adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118405. [PMID: 34280529 PMCID: PMC8456694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing leads to a decline in white matter microstructure and dexterous function of the hand. In adolescents, it has previously been shown that the degree of right-left asymmetry in the corticospinal tract (CST) is linearly related with right-left asymmetry in dexterity. Here, we tested whether this association is also expressed in older adults. Participants completed a simple circle drawing task with their right and left hand as a measure of dexterity and underwent whole-brain diffusion weighted imaging at 3 Tesla (n = 199; aged 60-72 years). Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of right and left CST were extracted from a manually defined region-of-interest. Linear regression analyses were computed to replicate the analyses in adolescents. Frequentist analyses were complemented with a Bayesian analytical framework. Outcome measures were compared with those previously reported in adolescents (aged 11-16 years). Asymmetries in white matter microstructure of the CST were evident and comparable to the degree of lateralisation observed in adolescence. Similarly, asymmetries in dexterity were evident, but to a lesser degree than in adolescents. Unlike in adolescents, we found no evidence of a linear relationship between asymmetries in CST microstructure and dexterity. Complementary Bayesian regression analysis provided moderate evidence in favour of the null hypothesis, pointing towards a lack of association between the structural and functional measures of right-left asymmetry. Our findings are compatible with the notion that, by late adulthood, a diverging impact of age on white matter structure and dexterous hand function dilutes the structure-function relationship between CST microstructure and manual proficiency that has been reported in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Line K Johnsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark
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22
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Lind A, Boraxbekk CJ, Petersen ET, Paulson OB, Andersen O, Siebner HR, Marsman A. Do glia provide the link between low-grade systemic inflammation and normal cognitive ageing? A 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 tesla. J Neurochem 2021; 159:185-196. [PMID: 34142382 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation contributes to ageing-related cognitive decline, possibly by triggering a neuroinflammatory response through glial activation. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) at 7T in normal human individuals from 18 to 79 years in a cross-sectional study, we previously observed higher regional levels of myo-inositol (mIns), total creatine (tCr) and total choline (tCho) in older than younger age groups. Moreover, visuo-spatial working memory (vsWM) correlated negatively with tCr and tCho in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and mIns in hippocampus and thalamus. As mIns, tCr and tCho are higher in glia than neurons, this suggest a potential in vivo connection between cognitive ageing and higher regional levels of glia-related metabolites. In the present study, we tested whether these metabolic differences may be related to low-grade systemic inflammation. In the same individuals, plasma concentrations of the proinflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured on the same day as 1 H-MRS assessments. We tested whether CRP, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations correlated with the levels of glia-related metabolites. CRP and IL-8, but not TNF-α, were higher in older (69-79 years) than younger (18-26 years) individuals. CRP correlated positively with thalamic mIns and negatively with vsWM. IL-8 correlated positively with ACC tCho and hippocampal mIns, but not with vsWM. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of IL-8 on vsWM via ACC tCho. Together, these findings corroborate the role of glial cells, perhaps via their role in neuroinflammation, as part of the neurobiological link between systemic inflammation and cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lind
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Thade Petersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olaf Bjarne Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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23
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Nelson A, Gavelin HM, Boraxbekk CJ, Eskilsson T, Josefsson M, Slunga Järvholm L, Neely AS. Subjective cognitive complaints in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:84. [PMID: 34006315 PMCID: PMC8132387 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress-related exhaustion is associated with cognitive impairment as measured by both subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and objective cognitive test performance. This study aimed to examine how patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder differ from healthy control participants in regard to levels and type of SCCs, and if SCCs are associated with cognitive test performance and psychological distress. Methods We compared a group of patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder (n = 103, female = 88) with matched healthy controls (n = 58, female = 47) cross-sectionally, concerning the type and magnitude of self-reported SCCs. We furthermore explored the association between SCCs and cognitive test performance as well as with self-reported depression, anxiety and burnout levels, in the patient and the control group, respectively. Results Patients reported considerably more cognitive failures and were more likely than controls to express memory failures in situations providing few external cues and reminders in the environment. In both groups, SCCs were associated with demographic and psychological factors, and not with cognitive test performance. Conclusion Our findings underline the high burden of cognitive problems experienced by patients with exhaustion disorder, particularly in executively demanding tasks without external cognitive support. From a clinical perspective, SCCs and objective cognitive test performance may measure different aspects of cognitive functioning, and external cognitive aids could be of value in stress rehabilitation. Trial registration Participants were recruited as part of the Rehabilitation for Improved Cognition (RECO) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772). Date of registration: 8 March 2017 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00576-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nelson
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. .,Department of Anaesthesiology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, Karlstad, Region Värmland, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Malmberg Gavelin
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Statistics Umeå, University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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24
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Nyberg L, Magnussen F, Lundquist A, Baaré W, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Drevon CA, Ebmeier K, Ghisletta P, Henson RN, Junqué C, Kievit R, Kleemeyer M, Knights E, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Penninx BWJH, Pudas S, Sørensen Ø, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Educational attainment does not influence brain aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101644118. [PMID: 33903255 PMCID: PMC8106299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101644118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Education has been related to various advantageous lifetime outcomes. Here, using longitudinal structural MRI data (4,422 observations), we tested the influential hypothesis that higher education translates into slower rates of brain aging. Cross-sectionally, education was modestly associated with regional cortical volume. However, despite marked mean atrophy in the cortex and hippocampus, education did not influence rates of change. The results were replicated across two independent samples. Our findings challenge the view that higher education slows brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - William Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C J Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Research Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medicine/University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Ebmeier
- Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Université de Genève, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard N Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Kleemeyer
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethan Knights
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Johansson AM, Grip H, Rönnqvist L, Selling J, Boraxbekk CJ, Strong A, Häger CK. Influence of visual feedback, hand dominance and sex on individuated finger movements. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1911-1928. [PMID: 33871660 PMCID: PMC8277644 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to perform individual finger movements, highly important in daily activities, involves visual monitoring and proprioception. We investigated the influence of vision on the spatial and temporal control of independent finger movements, for the dominant and non-dominant hand and in relation to sex. Twenty-six healthy middle-aged to old adults (M age = 61 years; range 46–79 years; females n = 13) participated. Participants performed cyclic flexion–extension movements at the metacarpophalangeal joint of one finger at a time while keeping the other fingers as still as possible. Movements were recorded using 3D optoelectronic motion technique (120 Hz). The movement trajectory distance; speed peaks (movement smoothness); Individuation Index (II; the degree a finger can move in isolation from the other fingers) and Stationarity Index (SI; how still a finger remains while the other fingers move) were extracted. The main findings were: (1) vision only improved the II and SI marginally; (2) longer trajectories were evident in the no-vision condition for the fingers of the dominant hand in the female group; (3) longer trajectories were specifically evident for the middle and ring fingers within the female group; (4) females had marginally higher II and SI compared with males; and (5) females had fewer speed peaks than males, particularly for the ring finger. Our results suggest that visual monitoring of finger movements marginally improves performance of our non-manipulative finger movement task. A consistent finding was that females showed greater independent finger control compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Helena Grip
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Selling
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Strong
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Sandberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Zogaj I, Nyberg L. Ancient Mnemonic in New Format-Episodic Memory Training With the Method of Loci in a Smart Phone Application. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:681-691. [PMID: 33480435 PMCID: PMC7955968 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Episodic memory is age-sensitive but can be strengthened by targeted training interventions. The method of loci (MoL) is a classic mnemonic which if successfully implemented greatly improves memory performance. We developed and investigated the effects of a MoL training program implemented in a smart phone application (app) with the aim of studying usage of the application, training effect and its modifiability by age, predictors for MoL proficiency, transfer effects to a face-name memory task, and perceived benefit in everyday memory. Method A total of 359 adults participated. Instruction and training of the MoL, transfer test (face-name paired associates cued recall task), and surveys were performed in an in-house developed app. Results The app interested people across the adult life span. Older adults practiced the most, whereas younger and young-old participants showed the highest level of MoL proficiency. Level of proficiency was modulated by amount of practice, but in the oldest participants this effect was less pronounced. Greater self-rated health was associated with higher level of proficiency. No transfer effect was observed. Among those who answered the survey, about half expressed that MoL training had benefitted memory in their everyday life. Discussion App-based memory training in the MoL can be delivered successfully via an app across the adult life span. Level of performance reached in training is variable but generally high, and mainly influenced by amount of training and age of the participants. Our data suggest plasticity across the life span, but to a lesser degree for adults between 70 and 90 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sandberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Idriz Zogaj
- Swedish Memory Sports Council, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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27
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Dunås T, Wåhlin A, Nyberg L, Boraxbekk CJ. Multimodal Image Analysis of Apparent Brain Age Identifies Physical Fitness as Predictor of Brain Maintenance. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3393-3407. [PMID: 33690853 PMCID: PMC8196254 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a youthful brain structure and function throughout life may be the single most important determinant of successful cognitive aging. In this study, we addressed heterogeneity in brain aging by making image-based brain age predictions and relating the brain age prediction gap (BAPG) to cognitive change in aging. Structural, functional, and diffusion MRI scans from 351 participants were used to train and evaluate 5 single-modal and 4 multimodal prediction models, based on 7 regression methods. The models were compared on mean absolute error and whether they were related to physical fitness and cognitive ability, measured both currently and longitudinally, as well as study attrition and years of education. Multimodal prediction models performed at a similar level as single-modal models, and the choice of regression method did not significantly affect the results. Correlation with the BAPG was found for current physical fitness, current cognitive ability, and study attrition. Correlations were also found for retrospective physical fitness, measured 10 years prior to imaging, and slope for cognitive ability during a period of 15 years. The results suggest that maintaining a high physical fitness throughout life contributes to brain maintenance and preserved cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tora Dunås
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Walton L, Domellöf ME, Boraxbekk CJ, Domellöf E, Rönnqvist L, Bäckström D, Forsgren L, Stigsdotter Neely A. The Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility and Single-Subject Study on Cognition, Movement and Functional Brain Response. Front Psychol 2021; 11:587925. [PMID: 33519604 PMCID: PMC7838443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the fronto-striatal network is involved in motor and cognitive symptoms. Working memory (WM) updating training engages this network in healthy populations, as observed by improved cognitive performance and increased striatal BOLD signal. This two-part study aimed to assess the feasibility of WM updating training in PD and measure change in cognition, movement and functional brain response in one individual with PD after WM updating training. A feasibility and single-subject (FL) study were performed in which patients with PD completed computerized WM updating training. The outcome measures were the pre-post changes in criterion and transfer cognitive tests; cognitive complaints; psychological health; movement kinematics; and task-related BOLD signal. Participants in the feasibility study showed improvements on the criterion tests at post-test. FL displayed the largest improvements on the criterion tests and smaller improvements on transfer tests. Furthermore, FL reported improved cognitive performance in everyday life. A shorter onset latency and smoother upper-limb goal-directed movements were measured at post-test, as well as increased activation within the striatum and decreased activation throughout the fronto-parietal WM network. This two-part study demonstrated that WM updating training is feasible to complete for PD patients and that change occurred in FL at post-test in the domains of cognition, movement and functional brain response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Walton
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Domellöf
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - David Bäckström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Engineering Psychology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Habich A, Fehér KD, Antonenko D, Boraxbekk CJ, Flöel A, Nissen C, Siebner HR, Thielscher A, Klöppel S. Stimulating aged brains with transcranial direct current stimulation: Opportunities and challenges. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 306:111179. [PMID: 32972813 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing involves significant neurophysiological changes that are both systematic while at the same time exhibiting divergent trajectories across individuals. These changes underlie cognitive impairments in elderly while also affecting the response of aged brains to interventions like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While the cognitive benefits of tDCS are more variable in elderly, older adults also respond differently to stimulation protocols compared to young adults. The age-related neurophysiological changes influencing the responsiveness to tDCS remain to be addressed in-depth. We review and discuss the premise that, in comparison to the better calibrated brain networks present in young adults, aged systems perform further away from a homoeostatic set-point. We argue that this age-related neurophysiological deviation from the homoeostatic optimum extends the leeway for tDCS to modulate the aged brain. This promotes the potency of immediate tDCS effects to induce directional plastic changes towards the homoeostatic equilibrium despite the impaired plasticity induction in elderly. We also consider how age-related neurophysiological changes pose specific challenges for tDCS that necessitate proper adaptations of stimulation protocols. Appreciating the distinctive properties of aged brains and the accompanying adjustment of stimulation parameters can increase the potency and reliability of tDCS as a treatment avenue in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Habich
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherpa, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kristoffer D Fehér
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Østvej, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Nissen
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Østvej, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Østvej, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Pl. 348, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherpa, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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Nyberg L, Boraxbekk CJ, Sörman DE, Hansson P, Herlitz A, Kauppi K, Ljungberg JK, Lövheim H, Lundquist A, Adolfsson AN, Oudin A, Pudas S, Rönnlund M, Stiernstedt M, Sundström A, Adolfsson R. Biological and environmental predictors of heterogeneity in neurocognitive ageing: Evidence from Betula and other longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101184. [PMID: 32992046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others. Genetic and lifestyle factors are assumed to influence cognitive performance in ageing by affecting the magnitude and extent of age-related brain changes (i.e., brain maintenance or atrophy), as well as the ability to recruit compensatory processes. The purpose of this review is to present findings from the Betula study and other longitudinal studies, with a focus on clarifying the role of key biological and environmental factors assumed to underlie individual differences in brain and cognitive ageing. We discuss the vital importance of sampling, analytic methods, consideration of non-ignorable dropout, and related issues for valid conclusions on factors that influence healthy neurocognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Eriksson Sörman
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica K Ljungberg
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Environment Society and Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Stiernstedt
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Sundström
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Gylling AT, Bloch-Ibenfeldt M, Eriksen CS, Ziegler AK, Wimmelmann CL, Baekgaard M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL, Kjaer M. Maintenance of muscle strength following a one-year resistance training program in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111049. [PMID: 32781112 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle mass, strength and function declines with advancing age. Strength training (ST) improves these parameters in older adults, but the gains often disappear after completion of a short-term intervention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle mass, -strength and -function one year after the completion of a successful long-term (12 months) supervised ST program in older adults. METHOD Men and women (n = 419, age: 62-70 years) completed one year of supervised heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 143) or moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 144) and were compared to a non-exercising control group (CON, n = 132). At 1-year follow-up, 398 participants returned for measurements of muscle power, -strength and -mass, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being. The results were compared to pre-training (baseline) and post-training (1-year) values. Further, the participants from the two previous training groups (HRT + MIT, n = 265) were divided into 1) those who on their own continued the ST program (>9 months) the year after completion of the supervised ST program (CONTIN, n = 65) and 2) those who stopped during the follow-up year (<9 months) (STOP, n = 200). RESULTS Out of all the improvements obtained after the 1-year training intervention, only knee extensor muscle strength in HRT was preserved at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.0001), where muscle strength was 7% higher than baseline. Additionally, the decrease in muscle strength over the second year was lower in CONTIN than in STOP with decreases of 1% and 6%, respectively (p < 0.05). Only in CONTIN was the muscle strength still higher at 1-year follow-up compared with baseline with a 14% increase (p < 0.0001). The heavy strength training induced increase in whole-body lean mass was erased at 1-year follow-up. However, there was a tendency for maintenance of the cross-sectional area of m. vastus lateralis from baseline to 1-year follow-up in HRT compared with CON (p = 0.06). Waist circumference decreased further over the second year in CONTIN, whereas it increased in STOP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Even though long-term strength training effectively improved muscle function and other health parameters in older adults, only knee extensor muscle strength was preserved one year after completion of heavy (but not moderate intensity) resistance training. Continuation of strength training resulted in better maintenance of muscle strength and health, which indicates that it is required to continue with physical activity to benefit from the long-term effects of strength training upon muscle function and health in older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Theil Gylling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Mads Bloch-Ibenfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian Skou Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kraag Ziegler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Maria Baekgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsensvej 11, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Domellöf ME, Walton L, Boraxbekk CJ, Bäckström D, Josefsson M, Forsgren L, Stigsdotter Neely A. Evaluating a frontostriatal working-memory updating-training paradigm in Parkinson's disease: the iPARK trial, a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:337. [PMID: 32894075 PMCID: PMC7487848 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline and dementia are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive deficits have been linked to the depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway, but pharmacological treatments for PD have little evidence of improving or delaying cognitive decline. Therefore, exploring non-pharmacological treatment options is important. There have been some promising results of cognitive training interventions in PD, especially for improvements in working memory and executive functions. Yet, existing studies are often underpowered, lacking appropriate control condition, long term follow-up, a thorough description of the intervention and characteristics of the participants. Working memory updating training has previously shown to increase striatal activation in healthy young and old participants as well as dopaminergic neurotransmission in healthy young participants. In the light of dopamine dysfunction in PD, with negative effects on both motor and cognitive functions it is of interest to study if an impaired striatal system can be responsive to a non-invasive, non-pharmacological intervention. METHODS AND DESIGN The iPARK trial is a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a parallel-group design that aims to recruit 80 patients with PD (during the period 02/2017-02/2023). Included patients need to have PD, Hoehn and Yahr staging I-III, be between 45 to 75 years of age and not have a diagnosis of dementia. All patients will undergo 30 sessions (6-8 weeks) of web-based cognitive training performed from home. The target intervention is a process-based training program targeting working memory updating. The placebo program is a low dose short-term memory program. A battery of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires will be performed before training, directly after training, and 16 weeks after training. DISCUSSION We expect that the iPARK trial will provide novel and clinically useful information on whether updating training is an effective cognitive training paradigm in PD. Further, it will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of cognitive function in PD and provide answers regarding cognitive plasticity as well as determining critical factors for a responsive striatal system. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registry number: NCT03680170 , registry name: "Cognitive Training in Parkinson's Disease: the iPARK study", retrospectively registered on the 21st of September 2018. The inclusion of the first participant was the 1st of February 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lois Walton
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroscience Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Center for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroscience Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Karalija N, Jonassson L, Johansson J, Papenberg G, Salami A, Andersson M, Riklund K, Nyberg L, Boraxbekk CJ. High long-term test-retest reliability for extrastriatal 11C-raclopride binding in healthy older adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1859-1868. [PMID: 31506011 PMCID: PMC7446562 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19874770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vivo dopamine D2-receptor availability is frequently assessed with 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography. Due to low signal-to-noise ratios for 11C-raclopride in areas with low D2 receptor densities, the ligand has been considered unreliable for measurements outside the dopamine-dense striatum. Intriguingly, recent studies show that extrastriatal 11C-raclopride binding potential (BPND) values are (i) reliably higher than in the cerebellum (where D2-receptor levels are negligible), (ii) correlate with behavior in the expected direction, and (iii) showed good test-retest reliability in a sample of younger adults. The present work demonstrates high seven-month test-retest reliability of striatal and extrastriatal 11C-raclopride BPND values in healthy, older adults (n = 27, age: 64-78 years). Mean 11C-raclopride BPND values were stable between test sessions in subcortical nuclei, and in frontal and temporal cortices (p > 0.05). Across all structures analyzed, intraclass correlation coefficients were high (0.85-0.96), absolute variability was low (mean: 4-8%), and coefficients of variance ranged between 9 and 25%. Furthermore, regional 11C-raclopride BPND values correlated with previously determined 18F-fallypride BPND values (ρ = 0.97 and 0.92 in correlations with and without striatal values, respectively, p < 0.01) and postmortem determined D2-receptor densities (including striatum: ρ = 0.92; p < 0.001; excluding striatum: ρ = 0.75; p = 0.067). These observations suggest that extrastriatal 11C-raclopride measurements represent a true D2 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Karalija
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Jonassson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Bergman F, Matsson-Frost T, Jonasson L, Chorell E, Sörlin A, Wennberg P, Öhberg F, Ryberg M, Levine JA, Olsson T, Boraxbekk CJ. Walking Time Is Associated With Hippocampal Volume in Overweight and Obese Office Workers. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:307. [PMID: 32973475 PMCID: PMC7468418 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects on cognition and brain function after installing treadmill workstations in offices for 13 months. Methods: Eighty healthy overweight or obese office workers aged 40–67 years were individually randomized to an intervention group, receiving a treadmill workstation and encouraging emails, or to a control group, continuing to work as usual. Effects on cognitive function, hippocampal volume, prefrontal cortex (PFC) thickness, and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed. Further, mediation analyses between changes in walking time and light-intensity physical activity (LPA) on changes in BDNF and hippocampal volume between baseline and 13 months, and multivariate analyses of the baseline data with percentage sitting time as the response variable, were performed. Results: No group by time interactions were observed for any of the outcomes. In the mediation analyses, positive associations between changes in walking time and LPA on changes in hippocampal volume were observed, although not mediated by changes in BDNF levels. In the multivariate analyses, a negative association between percentage sitting time and hippocampal volume was observed, however only among those older than 51 years of age. Conclusion: Although no group by time interactions were observed, our analyses suggest that increased walking and LPA may have positive effects on hippocampal volume and that sedentary behavior is associated with brain structures of importance for memory functions. Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01997970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tove Matsson-Frost
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Jonasson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann Sörlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Öhberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James A Levine
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Fondation IPSEN, Paris, France
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Gavelin HM, Neely AS, Dunås T, Eskilsson T, Järvholm LS, Boraxbekk CJ. Mental fatigue in stress-related exhaustion disorder: Structural brain correlates, clinical characteristics and relations with cognitive functioning. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102337. [PMID: 32652491 PMCID: PMC7348057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structural correlates of mental fatigue investigated in stress-related exhaustion. Patients were divided into high and low-moderate mental fatigue group. Patients with high mental fatigue had smaller caudate and putamen volumes. No significant differences in cortical thickness between the groups. Mental fatigue mediated the relationship between caudate volume and working memory.
Emerging evidence suggests that mental fatigue is a central component of the cognitive and clinical characteristics of stress-related exhaustion disorder (ED). Yet, the underlying mechanisms of mental fatigue in this patient group are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical and subcortical structural neural correlates of mental fatigue in patients with ED, and to explore the association between mental fatigue and cognitive functioning. Fifty-five patients with clinical ED diagnosis underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Mental fatigue was assessed using the Concentration subscale from the Checklist Individual Strength. Patients with high levels of mental fatigue (n = 30) had smaller caudate and putamen volumes compared to patients with low-moderate levels of mental fatigue (n = 25). No statistically significant differences in cortical thickness were observed between the groups. Mediation analysis showed that mental fatigue mediated the relationship between caudate volume and working memory; specifically, smaller caudate volume was associated with higher level of mental fatigue and mental fatigue was positively associated with working memory performance. Our findings demonstrate that the structural integrity of the striatum is of relevance for the subjective perception of mental fatigue in ED, while also highlighting the complex relationship between mental fatigue, cognitive performance and its neural underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Malmberg Gavelin
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Tora Dunås
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Gylling AT, Eriksen CS, Garde E, Wimmelmann CL, Reislev NL, Bieler T, Ziegler AK, Andersen KW, Bauer C, Dideriksen K, Baekgaard M, Mertz KH, Bayer ML, Bloch-Ibenfeldt M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL, Kjaer M. The influence of prolonged strength training upon muscle and fat in healthy and chronically diseased older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 136:110939. [PMID: 32277977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals. METHODS In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, ≈80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed. FINDINGS Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training. INTERPRETATION Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Theil Gylling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Skou Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nina Linde Reislev
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Theresa Bieler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kraag Ziegler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Winther Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Bauer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Maria Baekgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Monika Lucia Bayer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Mads Bloch-Ibenfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
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37
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Eskilsson T, Fjellman-Wiklund A, Ek Malmer E, Stigsdotter Neely A, Malmberg Gavelin H, Slunga Järvholm L, Boraxbekk CJ, Nordin M. Hopeful struggling for health: Experiences of participating in computerized cognitive training and aerobic training for persons with stress-related exhaustion disorder. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:361-368. [PMID: 31995652 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand how people with exhaustion disorder (ED) perceive interventions aiming to facilitate cognitive functioning. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to explore experiences from persons with ED after participating in a 12-week intervention of either computerized cognitive training or aerobic training. Both interventions were performed in addition to a multimodal rehabilitation programme. Thirteen participants, 11 women and 2 men, were interviewed about pros and cons with participating in the training. The interviews were analysed with Qualitative Content Analysis. The analyses resulted in the theme hopeful struggling for health and the categories support, motivation and sensations. It was hard work recovering from ED. Support from others who are in the same situation, family members, and technology and routines for the training were strongly emphasized as beneficial for recovery. Timing, i.e., matching activities to the rehabilitation programme, getting feedback and perceiving joy in the training were important for motivation. Participants in both interventions experienced positive sensations with improved memory performance, everyday life functioning and increased faith in the prospect of recovery. However, it is important to consider various aspects of support and motivation in both computerized cognitive training and aerobic training to enable participants to pursue their participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health and Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Ek Malmer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Hanna Malmberg Gavelin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health and Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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38
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Månsson KNT, Lindqvist D, Yang LL, Svanborg C, Isung J, Nilsonne G, Bergman-Nordgren L, El Alaoui S, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Kraepelien M, Högström J, Andersson G, Boraxbekk CJ, Fischer H, Lavebratt C, Wolkowitz OM, Furmark T. Improvement in indices of cellular protection after psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:340. [PMID: 31852887 PMCID: PMC6920472 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere attrition is a hallmark of cellular aging and shorter telomeres have been reported in mood and anxiety disorders. Telomere shortening is counteracted by the enzyme telomerase and cellular protection is also provided by the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Here, telomerase, GPx, and telomeres were investigated in 46 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients in a within-subject design with repeated measures before and after cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment outcome was assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (self-report), administered three times before treatment to control for time and regression artifacts, and posttreatment. Venipunctures were performed twice before treatment, separated by 9 weeks, and once posttreatment. Telomerase activity and telomere length were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and GPx activity in plasma. All patients contributed with complete data. Results showed that social anxiety symptom severity was significantly reduced from pretreatment to posttreatment (Cohen's d = 1.46). There were no significant alterations in telomeres or cellular protection markers before treatment onset. Telomere length and telomerase activity did not change significantly after treatment, but an increase in telomerase over treatment was associated with reduced social anxiety. Also, lower pretreatment telomerase activity predicted subsequent symptom improvement. GPx activity increased significantly during treatment, and increases were significantly associated with symptom improvement. The relationships between symptom improvement and putative protective enzymes remained significant also after controlling for body mass index, sex, duration of SAD, smoking, concurrent psychotropic medication, and the proportion of lymphocytes to monocytes. Thus, indices of cellular protection may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of psychological treatment for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer N. T. Månsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, , Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Liu L. Yang
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svanborg
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef Isung
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise Bergman-Nordgren
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Alaoui
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Kraepelien
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Högström
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0001 2162 9922grid.5640.7Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,0000 0004 0646 7373grid.4973.9Center for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Håkan Fischer
- 0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Tomas Furmark
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Jonasson LS, Nyberg L, Axelsson J, Kramer AF, Riklund K, Boraxbekk CJ. Higher striatal D2-receptor availability in aerobically fit older adults but non-selective intervention effects after aerobic versus resistance training. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116044. [PMID: 31352122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence that dopamine is vital for cognitive functioning in aging. Here we tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise and fitness influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum, and in turn performance on offline working-memory updating tasks. Dopaminergic neurotransmission was measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and the non-displacable binding potential (BPND) of [11C]raclopride, i.e. dopamine (DA) D2-receptor (D2R) availability. Fifty-four sedentary older adults underwent a six-months exercise intervention, performing either aerobic exercise or stretching, toning, and resistance active control training. At baseline, higher aerobic fitness levels (VO2peak) were associated with higher BPND in the striatum, providing evidence of a link between an objective measure of aerobic fitness and D2R in older adults. BPND decreased substantially over the intervention in both groups but the intervention effects were non-selective with respect to exercise group. The decrease was several times larger than any previously estimated annual decline in D2R, potentially due to increased endogenous DA. Working-memory was unrelated to D2R both at baseline and following the intervention. To conclude, we provide partial evidence for a link between physical exercise and DA. Utilizing a PET protocol able to disentangle both D2R and DA levels could shed further light on whether, and how, aerobic exercise impacts the dopaminergic system in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Jonasson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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40
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Hedlund M, Lindelöf N, Johansson B, Boraxbekk CJ, Rosendahl E. Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals. Front Physiol 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31164835 PMCID: PMC6536694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-intensity training (HIT) with extremely short intervals (designated here as supramaximal HIT) is a time-efficient training method for health and performance. However, a protocol for regulation and control of intensity is missing, impeding implementation in various groups, such as older individuals. Methods: This study presents the development and characteristics of a novel training protocol with regulated and controlled supramaximal intervals adapted for older people. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we explored the feasibility of the program, performed in a group training setting, with physically active older individuals (aged 65–75, n = 7; five women). The developed supramaximal HIT program consisted of 10 × 6 s cycle sprint intervals with ∼1 min of active recovery with the following key characteristics: (1) an individual target power output was reached and maintained during all intervals and regulated and expressed as the percentage of the estimated maximum mean power output for the duration of the interval (i.e., 6 s); (2) pedaling cadence was standardized for all participants, while resistance was individualized; and (3) the protocol enabled controlled and systematic adjustments of training intensity following standardized escalation criteria. Aim: Our aim was to test the feasibility of a novel training regimen with regulated and controlled supramaximal HIT, adapted for older people. The feasibility criteria for the program were to support participants in reaching a supramaximal intensity (i.e., power output > 100% of estimated VO2 max), avoid inducing a negative affective response, and have participants perceive it as feasible and acceptable. Results: All feasibility criteria were met. The standardized escalation procedure provided safe escalation of training load up to a supramaximal intensity (around three times the power output at estimated VO2 max). The participants never reported negative affective responses, and they perceived the program as fun and feasible. Conclusion: This novel program offers a usable methodology for further studies on supramaximal HIT among older individuals with different levels of physical capacity. Future research should explore the effects of the program in various populations of older people and their experiences and long-term adherence compared with other forms of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Hedlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Lindelöf
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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41
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Wheeler MJ, Green DJ, Ellis KA, Cerin E, Heinonen I, Naylor LH, Larsen R, Wennberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Lewis J, Eikelis N, Lautenschlager NT, Kingwell BA, Lambert G, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Distinct effects of acute exercise and breaks in sitting on working memory and executive function in older adults: a three-arm, randomised cross-over trial to evaluate the effects of exercise with and without breaks in sitting on cognition. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:776-781. [PMID: 31036563 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is associated with impaired cognition, whereas exercise can acutely improve cognition. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise, with and without subsequent light-intensity walking breaks from sitting, on cognition in older adults. METHODS Sedentary overweight/obese older adults with normal cognitive function (n=67, 67±7 years, 31.2±4.1 kg/m2) completed three conditions (6-day washout): SIT (sitting): uninterrupted sitting (8 hours, control); EX+SIT (exercise + sitting): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), uninterrupted sitting (6.5 hours); and EX+BR (exercise + breaks): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), sitting interrupted every 30 min with 3 min of light-intensity walking (6.5 hours). Cognitive testing (Cogstate) was completed at four time points assessing psychomotor function, attention, executive function, visual learning and working memory. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) was assessed at six time points. The 8-hour net area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each outcome. RESULTS Working memory net AUC z-score·hour (95% CI) was improved in EX+BR with a z-score of +28 (-26 to +81), relative to SIT, -25 (-79 to +29, p=0.04 vs EX+BR). Executive function net AUC was improved in EX+SIT, -8 (- 71 to +55), relative to SIT, -80 (-142 to -17, p=0.03 vs EX+SIT). Serum BDNF net AUC ng/mL·hour (95% CI) was increased in both EX+SIT, +171 (-449 to +791, p=0.03 vs SIT), and EX+BR, +139 (-481 to +759, p=0.045 vs SIT), relative to SIT, -227 (-851 to +396). CONCLUSION A morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves serum BDNF and working memory or executive function in older adults, depending on whether or not subsequent sitting is also interrupted with intermittent light-intensity walking. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12614000737639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wheeler
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia .,Physical Activity, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn Larsen
- Physical Activity, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaye Lewis
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Physical Activity, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Behavioural Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Bangsbo J, Blackwell J, Boraxbekk CJ, Caserotti P, Dela F, Evans AB, Jespersen AP, Gliemann L, Kramer AF, Lundbye-Jensen J, Mortensen EL, Lassen AJ, Gow AJ, Harridge SDR, Hellsten Y, Kjaer M, Kujala UM, Rhodes RE, Pike ECJ, Skinner T, Skovgaard T, Troelsen J, Tulle E, Tully MA, van Uffelen JGZ, Viña J. Copenhagen Consensus statement 2019: physical activity and ageing. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:856-858. [PMID: 30792257 PMCID: PMC6613739 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highly active and healthy throughout the life-course with a high intrinsic capacity to the very old and frail with low intrinsic capacity. The consensus is drawn from a wide range of research methodologies within epidemiology, medicine, physiology, neuroscience, psychology and sociology, recognising the strength and limitations of each of the methods. Much of the evidence presented in the statements is based on longitudinal associations from observational and randomised controlled intervention studies, as well as quantitative and qualitative social studies in relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, we also considered research with frail older adults and those with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and in a few cases molecular and cellular outcome measures from animal studies. The consensus statements distinguish between physical activity and exercise. Physical activity is used as an umbrella term that includes both structured and unstructured forms of leisure, transport, domestic and work-related activities. Physical activity entails body movement that increases energy expenditure relative to rest, and is often characterised in terms of intensity from light, to moderate to vigorous. Exercise is defined as a subset of structured physical activities that are more specifically designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive function, flexibility balance, strength and/or power. This statement presents the consensus on the effects of physical activity on older adults’ fitness, health, cognitive functioning, functional capacity, engagement, motivation, psychological well-being and social inclusion. It also covers the consensus on physical activity implementation strategies. While it is recognised that adverse events can occur during exercise, the risk can be minimised by carefully choosing the type of activity undertaken and by consultation with the individual’s physician when warranted, for example, when the individual is frail, has a number of co-morbidities, or has exercise-related symptoms, such as chest pain, heart arrhythmia or dizziness. The consensus was obtained through an iterative process that began with the presentation of the state-of-the-science in each domain, followed by group and plenary discussions. Ultimately, the participants reached agreement on the 30-item consensus statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joanna Blackwell
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- DRCMR, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and UFBI/CEDAR, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paolo Caserotti
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam B Evans
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Pernille Jespersen
- Copenhagen Centre for Health Research in the Humanities, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aske Juul Lassen
- Copenhagen Centre for Health Research in the Humanities, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Alan J Gow
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen D R Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C J Pike
- Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, Kobenhavns Universitet, Kobenhavns, Denmark
| | - Thomas Skovgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Troelsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Tulle
- Glasgow School for Business and Society, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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43
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Pantzar A, Jonasson LS, Ekblom Ö, Boraxbekk CJ, Ekblom MM. Relationships Between Aerobic Fitness Levels and Cognitive Performance in Swedish Office Workers. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2612. [PMID: 30619011 PMCID: PMC6306454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aerobic exercise influence cognition in elderly, children, and neuropsychiatric populations. Less is known about the influence of aerobic exercise in healthy samples (particularly working age), and of different fitness levels on cognition. Two hypotheses were posed: (1) low fitness levels, compared to moderate and high, will be related to poorer cognitive performance, and (2) breakpoints for the beneficial relationship between VO2 and cognition will be observed within the moderate-to-high fitness span. Design and Methods: The sample consisted of n=362 office workers. A submaximal cycle ergometer test estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max, mL·kg−1·min−1). Based on estimated VO2max participants were split into tertiles; low (n = 121), moderate (n = 119), and high (n = 122). A cognitive test battery (9 tests), assessed processing speed, working memory, executive functions and episodic memory. Results: Both hypotheses were confirmed. Groups of moderate (≈40) and high (≈49) fitness outperformed the group of low (≈31) fitness for inhibition and episodic recognition, whereas no significant differences between moderate and high fitness were observed (ANCOVAs). Breakpoints between benefits fromVO2max for inhibition and recognition were estimated to ≈44/43 mL·kg−1·min−1 (multivariate broken line regressions). Conclusions: Results suggest that it is conceivable to expect a beneficial relationship between VO2max and some cognitive domains up to a certain fitness level. In a sample of healthy office workers, this level was estimated to 44 mL·kg−1·min−1. This has implications on organizational and societal levels; where incentives to improve fitness levels from low to moderate could yield desirable cognitive and health benefits in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pantzar
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars S Jonasson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Centre for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Bergman F, Wahlström V, Stomby A, Otten J, Lanthén E, Renklint R, Waling M, Sörlin A, Boraxbekk CJ, Wennberg P, Öhberg F, Levine JA, Olsson T. Treadmill workstations in office workers who are overweight or obese: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health 2018; 3:e523-e535. [PMID: 30322782 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treadmill workstations that enable office workers to walk on a treadmill while working at their computers might increase physical activity in offices, but long-term effects are unknown. We therefore investigated whether treadmill workstations in offices increased daily walking time. METHODS We did a randomised controlled trial of healthy office workers who were either overweight or obese. We recruited participants from 13 different companies, which comprised 17 offices, in Umeå, Sweden. We included people who were aged 40-67 years, had sedentary work tasks, and had a body-mass index (BMI) between 25 kg/m2 and 40 kg/m2. After the baseline measurement, we stratified participants by their BMI (25-30 kg/m2 and >30 to 40 kg/m2); subsequently, an external statistician randomly assigned these participants (1:1) to either the intervention group (who received treadmill workstations for optional use) or the control group (who continued to work at their sit-stand desks as usual). Participants in the intervention group received reminders in boosting emails sent out to them at four occasions during the study period. Researchers were masked to group assignment until after analysis of the primary outcome. After the baseline measurement, participants were not masked to group belongings. The primary outcome was total daily walking time at weekdays and weekends, measured at baseline, 2 months, 6 months, 10 months, and 13 months with the accelerometer activPAL (PAL Technologies, Glasgow, UK), which was worn on the thigh of participants for 24 h a day for 7 consecutive days. We used an intention-to-treat approach for our analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01997970, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between Nov 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, a total of 80 participants were recruited and enrolled (n=40 in both the intervention and control groups). Daily walking time during total time awake at weekdays increased between baseline and 13 months by 18 min (95% CI 9 to 26) in the intervention group and 1 min (-7 to 9) in the control group (difference 22 min [95% CI 7 to 37], pinteraction=0·00045); for weekend walking, the change from baseline to 13 months was 5 min (-8 to 18) in the intervention group and 8 min (-5 to 21) in the control group (difference -1 min [-19 to 17]; pinteraction=0·00045). Neither measure met our predetermined primary outcome of 30 min difference in total walking time between the intervention and control group, so the primary outcome of the trial was not met. One adverse event was reported in a participant who accidently stepped on their Achilles tendon. INTERPRETATION In a sedentary work environment, treadmill workstations result in a statistically significant but smaller-than-expected increase in daily walking time. Future studies need to investigate how increasing physical activity at work might have potentially compensatory effects on non-work activity. FUNDING Umeå University, the Västerbotten County Council, and the Mayo Clinic Foundation for Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Viktoria Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stomby
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ellen Lanthén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Renklint
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Waling
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann Sörlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Öhberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James A Levine
- Department of Endocrinology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Fondation IPSEN, Paris, France
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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45
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Neely AS, Domellöf ME, Nyberg L, Forsgren L, Bäckström D, Boraxbekk C. P2‐620: A FRONTO‐STRIATAL WORKOUT IN A PATIENT WITH PARKINSON DISEASE: IMPROVED WORKING‐MEMORY UPDATING AND ACTIVITY INCREASES IN STRIATUM. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Malmberg Gavelin H, Eskilsson T, Boraxbekk CJ, Josefsson M, Stigsdotter Neely A, Slunga Järvholm L. Rehabilitation for improved cognition in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder: RECO - a randomized clinical trial. Stress 2018; 21:279-291. [PMID: 29693483 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1461833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related exhaustion has been associated with selective and enduring cognitive impairments. However, little is known about how to address cognitive deficits in stress rehabilitation and how this influences stress recovery over time. The aim of this open-label, parallel randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772) was to investigate the long-term effects of 12 weeks cognitive or aerobic training on cognitive function, psychological health, and work ability for patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder (ED). One-hundred-and-thirty-two patients (111 women) participating in multimodal stress rehabilitation were randomized to receive additional cognitive training (n = 44), additional aerobic training (n = 47), or no additional training (n = 41). Treatment effects were assessed before, immediately after and one-year post intervention. The primary outcome was global cognitive function. Secondary outcomes included domain-specific cognition, self-reported burnout, depression, anxiety, fatigue and work ability, aerobic capacity, and sick-leave levels. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed a small but lasting improvement in global cognitive functioning for the cognitive training group, paralleled by a large improvement on a trained updating task. The aerobic training group showed improvements in aerobic capacity and episodic memory immediately after training, but no long-term benefits. General improvements in psychological health and work ability were observed, with no difference between interventional groups. Our findings suggest that cognitive training may be a viable method to address cognitive impairments for patients with ED, whereas the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition may be more limited when performed during a restricted time period. The implications for clinical practice in supporting patients with ED to adhere to treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- b Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- c Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research , Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , Hvidovre , Denmark
- d Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR) , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- d Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR) , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- a Department of Psychology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
- e Department of Social and Psychological Studies , Karlstad University , Karlstad , Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- f Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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47
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Bergman F, Wahlström V, Wennberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Sörlin A, Öhberg F, Olsson T. Increasing Physical Activity In Office Workers - An RCT Of Treadmill Workstations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535236.17959.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Boraxbekk CJ. Non-invasive brain stimulation and neuro-enhancement in aging. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:464-465. [PMID: 29279190 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Research (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Sweden.
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49
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Stomby A, Otten J, Ryberg M, Nyberg L, Olsson T, Boraxbekk CJ. A Paleolithic Diet with and without Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Increases Functional Brain Responses and Hippocampal Volume in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:391. [PMID: 29255413 PMCID: PMC5722796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired episodic memory functions and increased risk of different dementing disorders. Diet and exercise may potentially reverse these impairments. In this study, sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes treated by lifestyle ± metformin were randomized to a Paleolithic diet (PD, n = 12) with and without high intensity exercise (PDEX, n = 12) for 12 weeks. Episodic memory function, associated functional brain responses and hippocampal gray matter volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A matched, but not randomized, non-interventional group was included as a reference (n = 6). The PD included a high intake of unsaturated fatty acids and protein, and excluded the intake of dairy products, grains, refined sugar and salt. The exercise intervention consisted of 180 min of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise per week. Both interventions induced a significant weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased peak oxygen uptake without any significant group differences. Furthermore, both interventions were associated with increased functional brain responses within the right anterior hippocampus, right inferior occipital gyrus and increased volume of the right posterior hippocampus. There were no changes in memory performance. We conclude that life-style modification may improve neuronal plasticity in brain areas linked to cognitive function in type 2 diabetes. Putative long-term effects on cognitive functions including decreased risk of dementing disorders await further studies. Clinical trials registration number: Clinicaltrials. gov NCT01513798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stomby
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Jönköping County Hospital, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Julia Otten
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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50
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Gavelin HM, Neely AS, Andersson M, Eskilsson T, Järvholm LS, Boraxbekk CJ. Neural activation in stress-related exhaustion: Cross-sectional observations and interventional effects. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:17-25. [PMID: 28917154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between burnout and neural activation during working memory processing in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Additionally, we investigated the neural effects of cognitive training as part of stress rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of exhaustion disorder were administered the n-back task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Ten patients completed a 12-week cognitive training intervention, as an addition to stress rehabilitation. Eleven patients served as a treatment-as-usual control group. At baseline, burnout level was positively associated with neural activation in the rostral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex and the striatum, primarily in the 2-back condition. Following stress rehabilitation, the striatal activity decreased as a function of improved levels of burnout. No significant association between burnout level and working memory performance was found, however, our findings indicate that frontostriatal neural responses related to working memory were modulated by burnout severity. We suggest that patients with high levels of burnout need to recruit additional cognitive resources to uphold task performance. Following cognitive training, increased neural activation was observed during 3-back in working memory-related regions, including the striatum, however, low sample size limits any firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Malmberg Gavelin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Centre for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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