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Erenso D, Tran L, Abualrob I, Bushra M, Hengstenberg J, Muhammed E, Endale I, Endale N, Endale E, Mayhut S, Torres N, Sheffield P, Vazquez C, Crogman H, Nichols C, Dang T, Hach EE. Observation of magnet-induced star-like radiation of a plasma created from cancer cells in a laser trap. Eur Biophys J 2024; 53:123-131. [PMID: 38451329 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-024-01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present a new phenomenon resulting from the interaction of magnetic beads with cancer cells in a laser trap formed on a slide containing a depression 16.5 mm in diameter and 0.78 mm of maximum depth. This phenomenon includes the apparent formation and expansion of a dark bubble that attracts and incinerates surrounding matter when it explodes, which leads to a plasma emitting intense radiation that has the appearance of a star on a microscopic scale. We have observed the star-like phenomenon for more than 4 years, and the intensity depends on the laser's power. Measuring the laser power of the dark bubble shows the entrapment of electromagnetic energy as it expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Erenso
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
| | - L Tran
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - I Abualrob
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - M Bushra
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - J Hengstenberg
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - E Muhammed
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - I Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - N Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - E Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - S Mayhut
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - N Torres
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - P Sheffield
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - C Vazquez
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - H Crogman
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - C Nichols
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - T Dang
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - E E Hach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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Roca P, Vazquez C, Diez G, McNally RJ. How do mindfulness and compassion programs improve mental health and well-being? The role of attentional processing of emotional information. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101895. [PMID: 37515955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the benefits of Meditation-Based Programs are well documented, the mechanisms underlying these benefits have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether: (1) formal training in mindfulness and compassion meditation modifies the distribution of attentional resources towards emotional information; and (2) whether changes in attentional processing of emotional information after the meditation programs mediate the improvements in psychological distress, emotion regulation, and well-being. METHODS A sample of 103 participants enrolled in the study: 36 in the mindfulness program (MBSR), 30 in the compassion program (CCT), and 37 in the no-intervention comparison group (CG). The assessment before and after the programs included the completion of an emotional Attentional Blink task (AB) together with self-report measures of psychological distress, emotion regulation, and well-being. RESULTS MBSR and CCT reduced similarly the AB deficit, whereas no changes occurred in the CG. This AB reduction was found for the different emotional and non-emotional stimuli (i.e., negative, positive, and neutral), showing a significant disengagement from first-target emotions and significant accessibility of second-target emotions to consciousness. The effects of both meditation programs on the psychological measures were mediated by changes in the AB and emotion regulation skills. LIMITATIONS Due to our naturalistic design in a real-world community setting, random assignment of participants was not feasible. CONCLUSIONS Meditation may promote more flexible and balanced attention to emotional information, which may be a key transdiagnostic mechanism underlying its benefits on emotional distress and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Villanueva, Spain; Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Diez
- Nirakara Lab, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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Aubert B, Cresson T, de Guise JA, Vazquez C. X-Ray to DRR Images Translation for Efficient Multiple Objects Similarity Measures in Deformable Model 3D/2D Registration. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2023; 42:897-909. [PMID: 36318556 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3218568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The robustness and accuracy of the intensity-based 3D/2D registration of a 3D model on planar X-ray image(s) is related to the quality of the image correspondences between the digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) generated from the 3D models (varying image) and the X-ray images (fixed target). While much effort may be devoted to generating realistic DRR that are similar to real X-rays (using complex X-ray simulation, adding densities information in 3D models, etc.), significant differences still remain between DRR and real X-ray images. Differences such as the presence of adjacent or superimposed soft tissue and bony or foreign structures lead to image matching difficulties and decrease the 3D/2D registration performance. In the proposed method, the X-ray images were converted into DRR images using a GAN-based cross-modality image-to-images translation. With this added prior step of XRAY-to-DRR translation, standard similarity measures become efficient even when using simple and fast DRR projection. For both images to match, they must belong to the same image domain and essentially contain the same kind of information. The XRAY-to-DRR translation also addresses the well-known issue of registering an object in a scene composed of multiple objects by separating the superimposed or/and adjacent objects to avoid mismatching across similar structures. We applied the proposed method to the 3D/2D fine registration of vertebra deformable models to biplanar radiographs of the spine. We showed that the XRAY-to-DRR translation enhances the registration results, by increasing the capture range and decreasing dependence on the similarity measure choice since the multi-modal registration becomes mono-modal.
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Levavasseur L, Salomez F, Paulmier A, Mettlen C, Kapinga P, Vazquez C. [Compartmental syndrome complicating endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]. Rev Med Liege 2023; 78:17-20. [PMID: 36634061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Guide Line of the Society for Vascular Surgery now recommends endovascular repair (rEVAR) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) when anatomical conditions are present. Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) can be one of the serious postoperative complications of rEVAR. ACS is usually associated with progressive development of organ dysfunctions and poor outcomes. We describe an ACS following a RAAA with hemorrhagic shock treated conservatively with a rEVAR.Decompression laparotomy were not performed because spontaneous improvement with conservative ICU treatment was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Levavasseur
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
| | - F Salomez
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
| | - A Paulmier
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
| | - C Mettlen
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
| | - P Kapinga
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
| | - C Vazquez
- Service de Chirurgie générale, CHR Sambre et Meuse, site Sambre, Auvelais, Belgique
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Negatu SG, Arreguin MC, Jurado KA, Vazquez C. Being the Alice of academia: lessons from the Red Queen hypothesis. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6698717. [PMID: 36104151 PMCID: PMC9629500 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and hosts must navigate environments in which each tries to outcompete the other for survival or to coexist within the same spaces. In Lewis Carrol’s Through the Looking Glass, the Red Queen tells Alice, “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!” Borrowing from this idea, the Red Queen hypothesis asserts that organisms, such as viruses, must continuously adapt to environmental pressures to survive. In this commentary, we draw parallels between the Red Queen hypothesis and the experiences scientists of color navigate to thrive in academic spaces. In both phenomena, adapting to environmental pressures is necessary for survival. We identify the various pressures and bottlenecks faced by historically underrepresented groups in academia, as well as the adaptation strategies they must implement to persist in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Negatu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , United States of America
| | - M C Arreguin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , United States of America
| | - K A Jurado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , United States of America
| | - C Vazquez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , United States of America
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Socastro A, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Sanchez-Lopez A. The mediating role of controllability appraisals and coping strategies on adaptive functioning after job loss: a path model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14898. [PMID: 36050384 PMCID: PMC9436725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Job loss is a stressful event that increases the risk of experiencing depression and anxiety, especially during the initial months of unemployment. This study examined differences in psychological symptoms and resilient functioning accounted by employment status. The results pointed out that recently unemployed compared to currently employed individuals had lower levels of perceived controllability and resilience as well as higher levels of depression and anxiety. Path analyses showed that lower controllability appraisals at wave 1 of recently unemployed compared to employed individuals, in turn, predicted a lower use of active coping and reappraisal at wave 2, with the latter further accounting for lower levels in resilience. Higher use of distraction further mediated the relation between employment status and higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Our findings demonstrate the importance of controllability appraisals and coping strategies used to promote adaptive psychological functioning following job loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Socastro
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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Boemo T, Nieto I, Vazquez C, Sanchez-Lopez A. Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104747. [PMID: 35716875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is a central target in the study of psychological and neurobiological processes of emotions for numerous psychological disorders. Ecological momentary assessments, overcoming retrospective self-reports, allow a better understanding of the relation between the use of ER strategies and daily life affective experiences. A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies testing these relations through experience sampling methods (ESM) and daily diaries were conducted. ESM studies showed significant large effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between negative affect (NA) and rumination, suppression, and worry, and in both contemporaneous and prospective relations between positive affect (PA) and reappraisal; medium effect sizes in prospective relations between NA and rumination, and PA and distraction; and a small effect size in the prospective relation between NA and suppression. Daily diary studies showed significant large effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between NA and rumination and suppression, and in both contemporaneous and prospective relations between PA and reappraisal; medium effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between PA and acceptance, and problem-solving; and a small effect size in the prospective relation between NA and reappraisal. These findings shed light on the temporal relations between the use of ER strategies and affective experiences and highlight conceptual and methodological limitations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Boemo
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ines Nieto
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
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Perez Akly MS, Vazquez C, Besada CH, Rodriguez MJ, Conde MF, Cajal AR, Peuchot VA, Dardik D, Baccanelli MM, Serra MM. Prevalence of Intracranial Aneurysms in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Report from a Single Reference Center. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:844-849. [PMID: 35589139 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurologic manifestations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia include an increased incidence of brain abscesses and ischemic strokes due to paradoxic embolization in addition to a wide spectrum of symptoms and complications due to typical brain vascular malformations. Intracranial aneurysms are not part of this brain vascular malformation spectrum. The aim of this study was to determine their prevalence in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study. Adult patients from the institutional Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia registry with a definitive diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and an available report or angiographic imaging study were included and reviewed to determine the intracranial aneurysm prevalence. In addition, the morphologic characteristics of intracranial aneurysms and possible associated risk factors were collected. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-eight patients were analyzed. Thirty-seven aneurysms in 33 patients (14.5%; 95% CI, 9.9%-19%) were found. The median diameter of intracranial aneurysms was 3.2 mm (interquartile range, 2.6-4.4 mm). No association between intracranial aneurysm and sex, age, or genetic background was noted. There were no subarachnoid hemorrhagic events due to intracranial aneurysm rupture. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in adult patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, further studies regarding bleeding risks and monitoring should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Perez Akly
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., M.J.R., C.M.F.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Unit (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.) Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vazquez
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Internal Medicine (C.V., M.M.S.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C H Besada
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., M.J.R., C.M.F.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Unit (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.) Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M J Rodriguez
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., M.J.R., C.M.F.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Conde
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., M.J.R., C.M.F.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A R Cajal
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Unit (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.) Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Translational Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Institute (A.R.C.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University Institute (A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Peuchot
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Internal Medicine Research Area (V.A.P.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Dardik
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- From the Department of Radiology (D.D.), Clínica Instituto de Diagnóstico Sociedad Anónima (INDISA), Santiago, Chile
| | - M M Baccanelli
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.M.B.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Unit (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.) Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University Institute (A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Serra
- A.R.G. Argentine Rendu Study Group (M.S.P.A., C.V., C.H.B., A.R.C., VA.P., D.D., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Internal Medicine (C.V., M.M.S.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Unit (M.S.P.A., C.H.B., A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.) Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University Institute (A.R.C., M.M.B., M.M.S.), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shevlin M, Butter S, McBride O, Murphy J, Gibson-Miller J, Hartman TK, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Stocks TVA, Bennett KM, Hyland P, Vallieres F, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Bertamini M, Panzeri A, Bruno G, Granziol U, Mignemi G, Spoto A, Vidotto G, Bentall RP. Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:154. [PMID: 35232409 PMCID: PMC8886334 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) are self-report measures of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. The primary aim of this study was to test for differential item functioning (DIF) on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items based on age, sex (males and females), and country. METHOD Data from nationally representative surveys in UK, Ireland, Spain, and Italy (combined N = 6,054) were used to fit confirmatory factor analytic and multiple-indictor multiple-causes models. RESULTS Spain and Italy had higher latent variable means than the UK and Ireland for both anxiety and depression, but there was no evidence for differential items functioning. CONCLUSIONS The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found to be unidimensional, reliable, and largely free of DIF in data from four large nationally representative samples of the general population in the UK, Ireland, Italy and Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shevlin
- grid.12641.300000000105519715Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT, Sheffield, England.
| | - Orla McBride
- grid.12641.300000000105519715Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Jamie Murphy
- grid.12641.300000000105519715Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Jilly Gibson-Miller
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT Sheffield, England
| | - Todd K. Hartman
- grid.5379.80000000121662407University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Liat Levita
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT Sheffield, England
| | - Liam Mason
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201University College London, London, England
| | - Anton P. Martinez
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT Sheffield, England
| | - Ryan McKay
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, England
| | - Thomas VA Stocks
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT Sheffield, England
| | - Kate M Bennett
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Philip Hyland
- grid.95004.380000 0000 9331 9029Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Carmen Valiente
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Contreras
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Bertamini
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Anna Panzeri
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Spoto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Vidotto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, S1 2LT Sheffield, England
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McBride O, Butter S, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Hartman TK, Bennett KM, Stocks TVA, Lloyd A, McKay R, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, Hyland P, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Bentall RP. Design, content, and fieldwork procedures of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study - Wave 4. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2022; 31:e1899. [PMID: 34739156 PMCID: PMC8646695 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper outlines fieldwork procedures for Wave 4 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study in the UK during November-December 2020. METHODS Respondents provided data on socio-political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, and mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress). In Phase 1, adults (N = 2878) were reinvited to participate. At Phase 2, new recruitment: (i) replenished the longitudinal strand to account for attrition; and (ii) oversampled from the devolved UK nations to facilitate robust between-country analyses for core study outcomes. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was representative of the baseline sample characteristics. RESULTS In Phase 1, 1796 adults were successfully recontacted and provided full interviews at Wave 4 (62.4% retention rate). In Phase 2, 292 new respondents were recruited to replenish the panel, as well as 1779 adults from Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, who were representative of the socio-political composition of the adult populations in these nations. The raking procedure successfully re-balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1% of population estimates for selected socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION The C19PRC Study offers a unique opportunity to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Alex Lloyd
- Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England
| | - Ryan McKay
- Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England
| | | | | | - Liam Mason
- University College London, London, England
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McBride O, Butter S, Hartman TK, Murphy J, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Lloyd A, Stocks TVA, Bennett KM, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Contreras A, Bertamini M, Panzeri A, Bruno G, Bentall RP. Sharing data to better understand one of the world's most significant shared experiences: data resource profile of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study. Int J Popul Data Sci 2022; 5:1704. [PMID: 35310464 PMCID: PMC8900652 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper serves to alert IJPDS readers to the availability of a major new longitudinal survey data resource, the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study, which is being released for secondary use via the Open Science Framework. The C19PRC Study is a rich and detailed dataset that provides a convenient and valuable foundation from which to study the social, political, and health status of European adults during an unprecedented time of change as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit. Here, we provide an overview of the C19PRC Study design, with the purpose of stimulating interest about the study among social scientists and maximising use of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Todd K. Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, M13 9PL
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland, W23 F2K8
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Jilly Gibson-Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Liat Levita
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Liam Mason
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, England, WC1E 6BT
| | - Anton P. Martinez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Ryan McKay
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England, TW20 0EX
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England, TW20 0EX
| | - Thomas VA Stocks
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Kate M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3BX
| | | | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH11 4BN
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Psychology Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3BX
- Department of Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Panzeri
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
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Wirtzfeld N, Assira A, Van Houte B, Vazquez C. [Endovascular management of chronic mesenteric ischemia : retrospective single-centre study]. Rev Med Liege 2022; 77:98-103. [PMID: 35143129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a clinical entity linked to a gradual decrease in coelio-mesenteric arterial flow caused by occlusive disease of the digestive arterial axes. There are many etiologies of CMI, but most of the time atherosclerosis is the leading cause. Due to the development of collateral networks, clinical manifestations of CMI are very rare although some degree of stenosis of the digestive arteries is frequently found in asymptomatic elderly patients. Symptomatic CMI typically presents with the triad «post-meal abdominal pain - fear of eating - weight loss». Open surgical treatment was the gold standard for the management of symptomatic CMI since 1958. However, from 1980 and the introduction of endovascular treatment, percutaneous angioplasty combined with with stenting became the most common revascularization technique for CMI. The objective of this article is to report the results associated with endovascular therapy in patients with CMI at our hospital over the past 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wirtzfeld
- Service de Chirurgie digestive, CHR du Val de Sambre, Belgique
| | - A Assira
- Service de Gériatrie, CHR du Val de Sambre, Belgique
| | - B Van Houte
- Service de Gastro-Entérologie, CHR du Val de Sambre, Belgique
| | - C Vazquez
- Service de Chirurgie vasculaire, CHR du Val de Sambre, Belgique
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Nieto I, Vazquez C. Disentangling the mediating role of modifying interpretation bias on emotional distress using a novel cognitive bias modification program. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 83:102459. [PMID: 34358756 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative interpretation bias is a potential risk factor for emotional disorders. In this study, we tested a clinically inspired 4-session online Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation (CBM-IClin) program to modify negative interpretation biases. METHODS We randomized one hundred and twenty-one volunteer young adults (Mean age = 21.6 years, SD = 3.5; 85 % women) with varying levels of emotional distress to either an experimental or waitlist control group. Mediation analyses were used to disentangle the associations between the intervention, changes in interpretation biases (assessed by both a self-report and an experimental task), and changes in measures of cognitive vulnerability and symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS The results showed that the CBM-IClin could change negative interpretation biases. Also, it had a direct effect on the change in negative memory bias, an indirect effect on the change in depression symptoms via the change in interpretation bias, and both direct and indirect effects on the change in self-reported dysfunctional attitudes. LIMITATIONS The study included a non-clinical sample of participants and it did not control for some potential confounding factors (e.g., attentional disorders). Furthermore, participants' engagement during the sessions at home was not supervised. CONCLUSIONS The CBM-IClin is a potential tool to prevent and intervene in emotional disorders in young adults and could complement other traditional CBM procedures or clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Nieto
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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McBride O, Butter S, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Hartman TK, Hyland P, McKay R, Bennett KM, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, Stocks TV, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Bentall RP. Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium study-wave 3. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1880. [PMID: 34021946 PMCID: PMC8209941 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population in multiple countries. This paper describes the third wave of the UK survey (the 'parent' strand of the Consortium) during July-August 2020. METHODS Adults (N = 2025) who participated in the baseline and/or first follow-up surveys were reinvited to participate in this survey, which assessed: (1) COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours; (2) the occurrence of common mental disorders; as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public's response to the pandemic. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure that the cross-sectional sample is nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, and representative of the baseline sample characteristics for household composition, ethnicity, urbanicity and born/raised in UK. RESULTS 1166 adults (57.6% of baseline participants) provided full interviews at Wave 3. The raking procedure successfully re-balanced the cross-sectional sample to within 1% of population estimates across selected socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION This paper demonstrates the strength of the C19PRC Study data to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan McKay
- Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England
| | | | | | | | - Liam Mason
- University College London, London, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard P Bentall
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.,University College London, London, England
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15
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Nieto I, Vazquez C. 'Relearning how to think': A brief online intervention to modify biased interpretations in emotional disorders-study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:510. [PMID: 34332616 PMCID: PMC8325786 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive biases play an important role in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Novel procedures, known as Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM), aim to reduce these dysfunctional information processing modes. This study develops a brief clinically based online intervention programme to modify biased interpretations in depression and anxiety (CBM-IClin), overcoming some methodological issues that have been addressed in previous literature. Methods Volunteer participants will be recruited via social media and posters at the university. They will be randomly assigned to an experimental group or a waiting list control group. Both groups will complete two assessment sessions (before and after the intervention) consisting of questionnaires measuring cognitive and emotional variables as well as experimental tasks measuring cognitive biases (i.e. attention, memory, and interpretation). After the first assessment session, only participants in the experimental group will receive a link to follow the four CBM-IClin sessions at home. All participants will receive, via email, follow-up questionnaires 2 weeks and 3 months after the second assessment. Discussion This study will test the 'Relearning how to think', an online programme potentially beneficial to modify cognitive biases in emotional disorders. Several limitations of previous CBM procedures are addressed, and the impact of the programme both on objective cognitive bias tasks and clinical symptoms will be explored. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03987477. Prospectively registered on June 17, 2019
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Nieto
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Roca P, Vazquez C, Diez G, Brito-Pons G, McNally RJ. Not all types of meditation are the same: Mediators of change in mindfulness and compassion meditation interventions. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:354-362. [PMID: 33578349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general aim of the study was to examine the relative effectiveness and mediators of change in standardized mindfulness and compassion interventions. METHODS A sample of 431 participants enrolled in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program (MBSR = 277) and a Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT = 154). The assessment before and after the program included a set of outcomes and mediators measures. A three-step data analysis plan was followed: ANCOVAs, Reliable Change Index, and mediations (simple and multiple). RESULTS Both interventions yielded increased mindfulness, decentering, body awareness, and self-compassion. Yet, present-moment awareness improvements (i.e., decentering, and body awareness) were significantly larger in the MBSR than in CCT, whereas socio-emotional changes (i.e., common humanity and empathic concern) were larger in the CCT than in MBSR. The magnitude of effect sizes ranged from medium to large. Furthermore, both mindfulness and compassion interventions yielded similar changes in psychological distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression), maladaptive cognitive processes (i.e., rumination and thought suppression), and well-being. The mediation models showed that although the MBSR program seemingly relies on changes in present-moment awareness mechanisms (i.e., decentering and body awareness) to reduce psychological distress and to improve well-being, the CCT program seemingly achieves the same positive outcomes through changes in socio-emotional mechanisms (i.e., common-humanity and empathy concern). LIMITATIONS Due to our naturalistic design in real-world community setting, it was infeasible to randomly assign participants to conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that mindfulness and compassion programs operate through different pathways to reduce psychological distress and to promote well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roca
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Diez
- Nirakara Lab, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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17
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McBride O, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Gibson‐Miller J, Hartman TK, Hyland P, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Stocks TVA, Bennett KM, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Bentall RP. Monitoring the psychological, social, and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population: Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1861. [PMID: 33166018 PMCID: PMC7992290 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The C19PRC study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population of the UK, Republic of Ireland, and Spain. This paper describes the conduct of the first two waves of the UK survey (the "parent" strand of the Consortium) during March-April 2020. METHODS A longitudinal, internet panel survey was designed to assess: (1) COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; (2) the occurrence of common mental health disorders as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public's response to the pandemic. Quota sampling (age, sex, and household income) was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of adults. RESULTS Two thousand and twenty five adults were recruited at baseline, and 1406 were followed-up one-month later (69.4% retention rate). The baseline sample was representative of the UK population in relation to economic activity, ethnicity, and household composition. Attrition was predicted by key socio-demographic characteristics, and an inverse probability weighting procedure was employed to ensure the follow-up sample was representative of the baseline sample. CONCLUSION The C19PRC study data has strong generalizability to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research on important public health questions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan McKay
- Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard P. Bentall
- University of SheffieldSheffieldEngland
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolEngland
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18
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Vazquez C, Valiente C, García FE, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Bentall RP. Post-Traumatic Growth and Stress-Related Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a National Representative Sample: The Role of Positive Core Beliefs About the World and Others. J Happiness Stud 2021; 22:2915-2935. [PMID: 33456320 PMCID: PMC7798377 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the need to understand both the negative and positive psychological consequences of the current global COVID-19 pandemic (Brewin et al. in Perspectives in Public Health 10.1177/1757913920957365 2020), the aim of this study was to test a cognitive model of post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) during confinement caused by the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. In line with cognitive models of trauma elaboration (Park in Psychological Bulletin 10.1037/a0018301), we included in our model some beliefs associated to the world (e.g., primal beliefs about a good world), to the self (e.g., death anxiety or orientation toward the future) and to others (e.g., suspiciousness or identification with humanity). To evaluate the explanatory model, a national representative sample of adults between the ages of 18 and 75 (N = 1951) was surveyed between 7th and 13th April, 2020, in the middle of a strict 7-week national confinement. Structural equation modelling yielded a very similar model to the one initially specified. The results highlight the role of both negative and positive core beliefs, which are pertinent to the current pandemic threat, in the appearance of PTS and PTG, respectively. In short, primal beliefs about a good world, openness to the future and identification with humanity were associated with PTG; while suspiciousness, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety about death and also identification with humanity were associated with PTS and consequent impairment. This is an innovative study of different pathways to traumatic responses and growth during a pandemic. Future research is needed to replicate its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe E. García
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bartel R, Levorato M, Adroher M, Cardelus S, Diaz A, Lacima J, Vazquez C, Veneri A, Wienberg P, Claveria M, Haag O. Performance of endoscopic repair with endonasal flaps for congenital choanal atresia. A systematic review. Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nieto I, Robles E, Vazquez C. Self-reported cognitive biases in depression: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Van Damme
- Department of Cardiovascular, CHU Liège, Belgium
| | | | - C. Vazquez
- Department of Cardiovascular, CHU Liège, Belgium
| | - Q. Desiron
- Department of Cardiovascular, CHU Liège, Belgium
| | - R. Limet
- Department of Cardiovascular, CHU Liège, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Brewin
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J DePierro
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Pirard
- Agence Nationale de santé Publique, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - C Vazquez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Williams
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Blanco I, Contreras A, Chaves C, Lopez-Gomez I, Hervas G, Vazquez C. Positive interventions in depression change the structure of well-being and psychological symptoms: A network analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1789696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Blanco
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Cardenal Cisneros University Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Contreras
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Hervas
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bortoluzzi CF, Pontello E, Pintani E, de Winter-de Groot KM, D'Orazio C, Assael BM, Hunink MM, Tiddens HA, Caudri D, Belessis Y, Bremont F, Bui S, Casciaro R, Cavicchi M, Cox D, Da Dalt L, De Gregorio F, Dubus J, Gartner S, Geerdink M, Hansen C, Honková L, Jenkins L, Jung A, Karpati F, Mainguy C, Möller A, Neri A, Pressler T, Proesmans M, Raia V, Reid A, Rietschel E, Robinson P, Robinson P, Rossi P, Rovira S, Schultz A, Sepe O, Skalická V, Stick S, Švabe V, Tai A, Tosco A, Vazquez C. The impact of chest computed tomography and chest radiography on clinical management of cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:641-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Bartel R, Levorato M, Adroher M, Cardelus S, Diaz A, Lacima J, Vazquez C, Veneri A, Wienberg P, Claveria MA, Haag OH. Performance of endoscopic repair with endonasal flaps for congenital choanal atresia. A systematic review. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2020; 72:51-56. [PMID: 32439138 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic repair of congenital choanal atresia is the gold standard surgical treatment today. Though several controversies on treatment have been reported, surgical techniques for better outcomes are still in discussion. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of endoscopic choanal atresia repair with endonasal flaps and no stents. Publications in English in the last 5 years were searched in the PUBMED database and were systematically reviewed. A total of 9 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria, obtaining a total of 266 patients managed for congenital choanal atresia with endoscopic surgery, endonasal flaps, and no stents. Surgical results, type of atresia, atresia laterality, associated pathologies and follow up were evaluated. Successful surgery was obtained in 237 (89%) patients while 29 (11%) patients required a new surgical intervention during the follow-up period. Fourteen percent of the patients were diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome and 5% of the patients had some associated heart disease. Bony-Membranous stenosis was observed in 74% of the patients, while a total bony obstruction was recognized in 26% of the patients. Unilateral atresia was observed in 37% of the cases and 63% of the cases had bilateral atresia. The mean follow-up period was 39.5 months (range 3-168 months). An important functional success rate can be accomplished by correcting congenital choanal atresia using functional endoscopic surgery, covering raw areas with endonasal vascularized flaps, avoiding postoperative endonasal stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bartel
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Levorato
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Adroher
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Cardelus
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Diaz
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Lacima
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Vazquez
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Veneri
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Wienberg
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M A Claveria
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - O H Haag
- Otolaryngology Department, Barcelona Children's Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Montero-Marin J, Puebla-Guedea M, Herrera-Mercadal P, Cebolla A, Soler J, Demarzo M, Vazquez C, Rodríguez-Bornaetxea F, Garcia-Campayo J. Corrigendum: Psychological Effects of a 1-Month Meditation Retreat on Experienced Meditators: The Role of Non-attachment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:852. [PMID: 32431648 PMCID: PMC7215490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Montero-Marin
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paola Herrera-Mercadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ausias Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERObn Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona), Departamento de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Professor of Psychopathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Red PROMOSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Garcia-Campayo
- Miguel Servet Hospital and University of Zaragoza, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragon), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Zaragoza, Spain
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Allab A, Vazquez C, Cresson T, Guise JD. Calibration of Stereo Radiography System for Radiostereometric Analysis Application. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4859-4862. [PMID: 31946949 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new alternative to conventional radiography system currently used for radiostereometric analysis studies. Instead of using two non-calibrated X-ray sources with a cumbersome calibration cage, we propose to use the biplanar radiography EOS system. Its fixed configuration provides a preliminary calibration and a much simpler acquisition protocol. A flexible and accurate calibration method is presented to optimize EOS default calibration using a simple object and a self-calibration method. To validate our system, we calculate the 3D reconstruction error of a known object. Results showed an accuracy of 70±11μm and 0.05±0.02° for translation and rotation respectively, and an average epipolar error of 23±03μm.
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Aubert B, Vazquez C, Cresson T, Parent S, de Guise JA. Toward Automated 3D Spine Reconstruction from Biplanar Radiographs Using CNN for Statistical Spine Model Fitting. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:2796-2806. [PMID: 31059431 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2914400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, 3D spine reconstruction from biplanar radiographs involves intensive user supervision and semi-automated methods that are time-consuming and not effective in clinical routine. This paper proposes a new, fast, and automated 3D spine reconstruction method through which a realistic statistical shape model of the spine is fitted to images using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The CNNs automatically detect the anatomical landmarks controlling the spine model deformation through a hierarchical and gradual iterative process. The performance assessment used a set of 68 biplanar radiographs, composed of both asymptomatic subjects and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, in order to compare automated reconstructions with ground truths build using multiple experts-supervised reconstructions. The mean (SD) errors of landmark locations (3D Euclidean distances) were 1.6 (1.3) mm, 1.8 (1.3) mm, and 2.3 (1.4) mm for the vertebral body center, endplate centers, and pedicle centers, respectively. The clinical parameters extracted from the automated 3D reconstruction (reconstruction time is less than one minute) presented an absolute mean error between 2.8° and 4.7° for the main spinal parameters and between 1° and 2.1° for pelvic parameters. Automated and expert's agreement analysis reported that, on average, 89% of automated measurements were inside the expert's confidence intervals. The proposed automated 3D spine reconstruction method provides an important step that should help the dissemination and adoption of 3D measurements in clinical routine.
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Blanco I, Poyato N, Nieto I, Boemo T, Pascual T, Roca P, Vazquez C. Attentional biases in dysphoria when happy and sad faces are simultaneously presented. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 65:101499. [PMID: 31352298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Difficulties to engage attention to positive stimuli and to disengage attention from negative stimuli are typically found in depression. Yet, most of the evidence supporting these attentional biases comes from experimental paradigms in which emotional information (e.g., happy or sad faces) is simultaneously presented with neutral information. Few studies have explored attentional biases when emotional stimuli of different valence are presented simultaneously. The aim of the present study was to assess visual scan patterns of non-dysphoric and dysphoric participants when emotional information is presented simultaneously. METHOD Using an eye-tracker methodology, the gradient relation between attentional biases and depression scores as well as differences between groups in their attentional performance were assessed in non-dysphoric participants (N = 84) and dysphoric participants (N = 58). Three different pairs of faces were used: happy-neutral, neutral-sad, and happy-sad. RESULTS First, we found that simultaneous presentation of emotional information (i.e., happy vs. negative faces) reduces the magnitude of attentional biases towards positive information. Second, we also found a significant negative relation between attentional biases towards positive information and depression scores. Finally, compared to non-dysphoric participants, dysphoric individuals marginally spent less time attending positive information in both happy-neutral and happy-sad trials. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow us to make inferences about causality. Further, only one type of simultaneous emotional faces presentation (i.e., happy-sad) was used. CONCLUSIONS These results support the need for further research on the processing of competing emotional stimuli in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Blanco
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Natalia Poyato
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ines Nieto
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Boemo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Center for Biomedical Technology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Roca
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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Lopez-Gomez I, Lorenzo-Luaces L, Chaves C, Hervas G, DeRubeis RJ, Vazquez C. Predicting optimal interventions for clinical depression: Moderators of outcomes in a positive psychological intervention vs. cognitive-behavioral therapy. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 61:104-110. [PMID: 31395363 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Identifying differences in the clinical response to specific interventions is an important challenge in the field of Clinical Psychology. This is especially true in the treatment of depression where many treatments appear to have comparable outcomes. In a controlled trial, we compared a positive psychology group intervention, the Integrative Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression (IPPI-D; n = 62) to a cognitive-behavioral therapy group intervention (CBT; n = 66) for depression. No statistically or clinically-significant differences between the treatments were found, but a slight advantage was observed, on average, for IPPI-D. The aim of the present study was to identify and combine moderators of the differential efficacy of these two psychological interventions for clinical depression. For this purpose, a secondary analysis using the Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) was performed to identify the intervention predicted to produce the better outcome for each patient. Six of the 21 potential moderators were found to predict differential efficacy between the treatments. IPPI-D was predicted to be the optimal treatment for 73% of the sample. Baseline features that characterized these individuals were: mental and physical comorbidity, prior antidepressant medication, higher levels of negative thoughts, and higher personal growth. The 27% who were predicted to achieve better outcomes in CBT than in IPPI-D tended to have these baseline features: no comorbidities, no prior antidepressant medication, lower levels of negative thoughts, and lower personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lopez-Gomez
- School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, United States of America.
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Hervas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Robert J DeRubeis
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America.
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
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Roca P, Diez GG, Castellanos N, Vazquez C. Does mindfulness change the mind? A novel psychonectome perspective based on Network Analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219793. [PMID: 31318929 PMCID: PMC6638953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
If the brain is a complex network of functionally specialized areas, it might be expected that mental representations could also behave in a similar way. We propose the concept of ‘psychonectome’ to formalize the idea of psychological constructs forming a dynamic network of mutually dependent elements. As a proof-of-concept of the psychonectome, networks analysis (NA) was used to explore structural changes in the network of constructs resulting from a psychological intervention. NA was applied to explore the effects of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in healthy participants (N = 182). Psychological functioning was measured by questionnaires assessing five key domains related to MBSR: mindfulness, compassion, psychological well-being, psychological distress and emotional-cognitive control. A total of 25 variables, covering the five constructs, were considered as nodes in the NA. Participants significantly improved in most of the psychological questionnaires. More interesting from a network perspective, there were also significant changes in the topological relationships among the elements. Expected influence and strength centrality indexes revealed that mindfulness and well-being measures were the most central nodes in the networks. The nodes with highest topological change after the MBSR were attentional control, compassion measures, depression and thought suppression. Also, cognitive appraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, was associated to rumination before the MBSR program but became related to mindfulness and well-being measures after the program. Community analysis revealed a strong topological association between mindfulness, compassion, and emotional regulation, which supports the key role of compassion in mindfulness training. These results highlight the importance of exploring psychological changes from a network perspective and support the conceptual advantage of considering the interconnectedness of psychological constructs in terms of a ‘psychonectome’ as it may reveal ways of functioning that cannot be analyzed through conventional analytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roca
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo G Diez
- Nirakara Institute and Niraka Chair (Complutense University), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Contreras A, Nieto I, Valiente C, Espinosa R, Vazquez C. The Study of Psychopathology from the Network Analysis Perspective: A Systematic Review. Psychother Psychosom 2019; 88:71-83. [PMID: 30889609 DOI: 10.1159/000497425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network analysis (NA) is an analytical tool that allows one to explore the map of connections and eventual dynamic influences among symptoms and other elements of mental disorders. In recent years, the use of NA in psychopathology has rapidly grown, which calls for a systematic and critical analysis of its clinical utility. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of published empirical studies applying NA in psychopathology, between 2010 and 2017, was conducted. We included the literature published in PubMed and PsycINFO using as keywords any combination of "network analysis" with the terms "anxiety," "affective disorders," "depression," "schizophrenia," "psychosis," "personality disorders," "substance abuse" and "psychopathology." RESULTS The review showed that NA has been applied in a plethora of mental disorders in adults (i.e., 13 studies on anxiety disorders; 19 on mood disorders; 7 on psychosis; 1 on substance abuse; 1 on borderline personality disorder; 18 on the association of symptoms between disorders), and 6 on childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS A critical examination of the results of each study suggests that NA helps to identify, in an innovative way, important aspects of psychopathology like the centrality of the symptoms in a given disorder as well as the mutual dynamics among symptoms. Yet, despite these promising results, the clinical utility of NA is still uncertain as there are important limitations on the analytic procedures (e.g., reliability of indices), the type of data included (e.g., typically restricted to secondary analysis of already published data), and ultimately, the psychometric and clinical validity of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Contreras
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Nieto
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Regina Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, School of Education and Health, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Guidi J, Brakemeier EL, Bockting CLH, Cosci F, Cuijpers P, Jarrett RB, Linden M, Marks I, Peretti CS, Rafanelli C, Rief W, Schneider S, Schnyder U, Sensky T, Tomba E, Vazquez C, Vieta E, Zipfel S, Wright JH, Fava GA. Methodological Recommendations for Trials of Psychological Interventions. Psychother Psychosom 2018; 87:276-284. [PMID: 30007961 DOI: 10.1159/000490574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen major developments in psychotherapy research that suggest the need to address critical methodological issues. These recommendations, developed by an international group of researchers, do not replace those for randomized controlled trials, but rather supplement strategies that need to be taken into account when considering psychological treatments. The limitations of traditional taxonomy and assessment methods are outlined, with suggestions for consideration of staging methods. Active psychotherapy control groups are recommended, and adaptive and dismantling study designs offer important opportunities. The treatments that are used, and particularly their specific ingredients, need to be described in detail for both the experimental and the control groups. Assessment should be performed blind before and after treatment and at long-term follow-up. A combination of observer- and self-rated measures is recommended. Side effects of psychotherapy should be evaluated using appropriate methods. Finally, the number of participants who deteriorate after treatment should be noted according to the methods that were used to define response or remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Academia Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin B Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Linden
- Department of Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaac Marks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Peretti
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, APHP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatments, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center (MHRTC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schnyder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Sensky
- Centre for Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Tomba
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jesse H Wright
- Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Vazquez C, Duque A, Blanco I, Pascual T, Poyato N, Lopez-Gomez I, Chaves C. CBT and positive psychology interventions for clinical depression promote healthy attentional biases: An eye-tracking study. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:966-973. [PMID: 30028564 DOI: 10.1002/da.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a growing interest in the role of attentional biases in depression, there are no studies assessing changes in these biases after psychotherapeutic interventions. METHODS We used a validated eye-tracking procedure to assess pre-post therapy changes in attentional biases toward emotional information (i.e., happy, sad, and angry faces) when presented with neutral information (i.e., neutral faces). The sample consisted of 75 participants with major depression or dysthymia. Participants were blindly assigned to one of two 10 weekly sessions of group therapy: a cognitive behavior therapy intervention (N = 41) and a positive psychology intervention (N = 34). RESULTS Both treatments were equally efficacious in improving depressive symptoms (p = .0001, η² = .68). A significant change in attentional performance after therapy was observed irrespective of the intervention modality. Comparison of pre-post attentional measures revealed a significant reduction in the total time of fixations (TTF) looking at negative information (i.e., sad and angry faces) and a significant increase in the TTF looking at positive information (i.e., happy faces)-all p < .02. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal for the first time that psychotherapeutic interventions are associated with a significant change in attentional biases as assessed by a direct measure of attention. Furthermore, these changes seem to operate in the same direction typically found in healthy populations (i.e., a bias away from negative information and a parallel bias toward positive information). These findings illustrate the importance of considering attentional biases as clinical markers of depression and suggest the viability of modifying these biases as a potential tool for clinical change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Vazquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Duque
- School of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ivan Blanco
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Poyato
- School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Gomez
- School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Chaves C, Castellanos T, Abrams M, Vazquez C. The impact of economic recessions on depression and individual and social well-being: the case of Spain (2006-2013). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:977-986. [PMID: 29992341 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although there is abundant evidence about the impact of economic crises on depression and other mental health problems, little is known about the protective role of variables linked to positive functioning (i.e., psychological well-being). METHODS We analyzed data from Spain, one of the European countries most affected by the 2008-2013 economic recession, collected in Round 3 (R3, 2006) and Round 6 (R6, 2013) of the European Social Survey interviews. Both surveys included measures of psychological well-being, social well-being and depression. Both samples were nationally representative of the general population (R3: 1877 participants, 49.2% men; R6: 1889 participants, 48.9% men). RESULTS Data from the R6 survey showed that, compared to data gathered in R3 (i.e., before the onset of the recession) Spanish citizens showed significantly less life satisfaction (95% CIs 0.37-0.63), less personal optimism (95% CIs 0.03-0.15), less social optimism (95% CIs 0.75-0.85), and higher levels of depressive symptoms (95% CIs - 0.74 to - 0.19). Structural equation modeling revealed that protective factors for depression changed in both rounds. In R3 (2006), close relationships, social optimism and social trust were significant mediators between well-being and depression. However, social optimism and social trust were no longer significant in R6 (2013), whereas close relationships remained a partial mediator of the effects of psychological well-being on depression. CONCLUSIONS Economic crises are associated with a significant increase in depressive symptoms. Furthermore, financial crises seem to have a corrosive impact on mental health by reducing the mediating effects of positive beliefs regarding the good nature of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chaves
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.,School of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Castellanos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Abrams
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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Duque A, Vazquez C. A failure to show the efficacy of a dot-probe attentional training in dysphoria: Evidence from an eye-tracking study. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:2145-2160. [PMID: 29900614 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines whether a 4-day dot-probe attentional training to orient attention toward positive words could lead participants with dysphoria to change selective attention to emotional faces. It was also explored whether this positive attentional bias training could lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to Positive Training Group (PTG) and No Training Group (NTG). PTG was composed of 16 subjects, whereas NTG was composed of 15 subjects. All participants were women with a mean age of 22.87 (SD = 3.21). RESULTS Results showed that dysphoric participants in the PTG did not show changes in attentional patterns to emotional faces. Furthermore, depressive symptoms did not significantly change after the 4-session training. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cognitive training procedures based on dot-probe paradigms are probably not adequate to modify attentional patterns in individuals with depressive symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Torres A, Lopez Boo F, Parra V, Vazquez C, Segura-Pérez S, Cetin Z, Pérez-Escamilla R. Chile Crece Contigo: Implementation, results, and scaling-up lessons. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:4-11. [PMID: 29235169 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile Crece Contigo (ChCC) is defined as a comprehensive, intersectoral, and multicomponent policy that aims to help all children reach their full potential for development, regardless of their socio-economic status. METHODS This case study was developed on the basis of grey literature review and key informants' interviews. RESULTS ChCC behaves as a complex adaptive system that combines universal and targeted benefits for the more vulnerable starting since gestation and until the children are 4 years old. Three key ministries are involved in ChCC management: health, education, and social development. Studies show adequate programme implementation and positive effects of ChCC on child development. In addition, it was found that the more families use ChCC benefits and the longer the subsystem has been operating in the commune, the greater the positive effects. CONCLUSIONS Strong political support based on principles of equity and child rights combined with strong evidence and funding commitment from government has been central to emergence, scaling up, and sustainability of ChCC. Further sustainability of ChCC will rely on firmly establishing a well-trained and compensated cadre of early child development professionals and paraprofessionals as well as an improved management and evaluation decentralized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torres
- Programa Chile Crece Contigo, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Gobierno de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Lopez Boo
- Interamerican Development Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Parra
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Vazquez
- Fundación CENIT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Z Cetin
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lopez-Gomez I, Chaves C, Hervas G, Vazquez C. Comparing the acceptability of a positive psychology intervention versus a cognitive behavioural therapy for clinical depression. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 24:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lopez-Gomez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
- School of Health Sciences; Francisco de Vitoria University; Madrid Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hervas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Pastor M, Vazquez C, Quintana-Gallego M, Delgado I, Carro LM, Sanz V, Aguilar A, Girón-Moreno R, Luna C, Villa J, Prados C, Barrio M, Gartner S, Asensio O, Escribano A, Cols M, Gómez A, Pijoan J. 412 Spanish multicentre registry-based study on the phenotype of patients with cystic fibrosis carrying the V232D (c.695T>A) mutation. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Blanco I, Serrano-Pedraza I, Vazquez C. Don't look at my teeth when I smile: Teeth visibility in smiling faces affects emotionality ratings and gaze patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 17:640-647. [PMID: 27991818 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on facial emotion processing has offered inconclusive results on whether certain emotional expressions, like happiness, are detected faster over others. A source of discrepancy among studies could stem from differences in physically salient features (e.g., teeth visibility), which are often left uncontrolled in this field of research. In Study 1, happy faces from the Karolinska Database Emotional Databse with visible, normal teeth unexpectedly obtained lower scores on intensity and prototypicality than the same faces with covered teeth. In Study 2, an eye-tracking methodology revealed that although faces with normal teeth drew participants' initial attention, participants spent more time looking at the eye region in faces with covered teeth, a region that previous research had found to be more informative of emotion than the mouth region. Overall, these results suggest that advantages often associated with certain emotional faces might be partially due to artifacts that should be systematically controlled for in future studies. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Blanco
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid
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41
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Montero-Marin J, Puebla-Guedea M, Herrera-Mercadal P, Cebolla A, Soler J, Demarzo M, Vazquez C, Rodríguez-Bornaetxea F, García-Campayo J. Psychological Effects of a 1-Month Meditation Retreat on Experienced Meditators: The Role of Non-attachment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1935. [PMID: 28018270 PMCID: PMC5149565 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few studies devoted to assessing the impact of meditation-intensive retreats on the well-being, positive psychology, and personality of experienced meditators. We aimed to assess whether a 1-month Vipassana retreat: (a) would increase mindfulness and well-being; (b) would increase prosocial personality traits; and (c) whether psychological changes would be mediated and/or moderated by non-attachment. Method: A controlled, non-randomized, pre-post-intervention trial was used. The intervention group was a convenience sample (n = 19) of experienced meditators who participated in a 1-month Vipassana meditation retreat. The control group (n = 19) comprised matched experienced meditators who did not take part in the retreat. During the retreat, the mean duration of daily practice was 8–9 h, the diet was vegetarian and silence was compulsory. The Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), Non-attachment Scale (NAS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Temperament Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R-67), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-Other Four Immeasurables (SOFI) and the MINDSENS Composite Index were administered. ANCOVAs and linear regression models were used to assess pre-post changes and mediation/moderation effects. Results: Compared to controls, retreatants showed increases in non-attachment, observing, MINDSENS, positive-affect, balance-affect, and cooperativeness; and decreases in describing, negative-others, reward-dependence and self-directedness. Non-attachment had a mediating role in decentring, acting aware, non-reactivity, negative-affect, balance-affect and self-directedness; and a moderating role in describing and positive others, with both mediating and moderating effects on satisfaction with life. Conclusions: A 1-month Vipassana meditation retreat seems to yield improvements in mindfulness, well-being, and personality, even in experienced meditators. Non-attachment might facilitate psychological improvements of meditation, making it possible to overcome possible ceiling effects ascribed to non-intensive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Montero-Marin
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paola Herrera-Mercadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ausias Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERObn Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona), Departamento de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta – Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Professor of Psychopathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Red PROMOSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Javier García-Campayo
- Miguel Servet Hospital and University of Zaragoza, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragon), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Zaragoza, Spain
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42
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Vazquez C, Blanco I, Sanchez A, McNally RJ. Attentional bias modification in depression through gaze contingencies and regulatory control using a new eye-tracking intervention paradigm: study protocol for a placebo-controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27931196 PMCID: PMC5146883 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional biases, namely difficulties both to disengage attention from negative information and to maintain it on positive information, play an important role in the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Recently, researchers have developed specific attentional bias modification (ABM) techniques aimed to modify these maladaptive attentional patterns. However, the application of current ABM procedures has yielded, so far, scarce results in depression due, in part, to some methodological shortcomings. The aim of our protocol is the application of a new ABM technique, based on eye-tracker technology, designed to objectively train the specific attentional components involved in depression and, eventually, to reduce depressive symptoms. METHODS Based on sample size calculations, 32 dysphoric (BDI ≥13) participants will be allocated to either an active attentional bias training group or a yoked-control group. Attentional training will be individually administered on two sessions in two consecutive days at the lab. In the training task series of pairs of faces (i.e. neutral vs. sad; neutral vs. happy; happy vs. sad) will be displayed. Participants in the training group will be asked to localize as quickly as possible the most positive face of the pair (e.g., the neutral face in neutral vs. sad trials) and maintain their gaze on it for 750 ms or 1500 ms, in two different blocks, to advance to the next trial. Participants' maintenance of gaze will be measured by an eye-tracking apparatus. Participants in the yoked-control group will be exposed to the same stimuli and the same average amount of time than the experimental participants but without any instruction to maintain their gaze or any feedback on their performance. Pre and post training measures will be obtained to assess cognitive and emotional changes after the training. DISCUSSION The findings from this research will provide a proof-of-principle of the efficacy of eye-tracking paradigms to modify attentional biases and, consequently, to improve depressed mood. If the findings are positive, this new training approach may result in the improvement of cognitive bias modification procedures in depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered on July 28, 2016 with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02847793 registration number and the title 'Attentional Bias Modification Through Eye-tracker Methodology (ABMET)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Vazquez
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University at Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ivan Blanco
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University at Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard J. McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Abstract
We investigated whether a positive intervention (i.e. granting a wish) in children with a chronic illness could promote positive psychological responses in their parents. Hospitalized children were randomly assigned to either the wish group or to a waiting-list control group. Mothers and fathers’ responses ( N = 86 and 38, respectively) were studied. Parents from the wish group showed higher levels of positive emotions and beliefs in a benevolent world than the control group. Mothers from the wish group reported higher benefit finding, gratitude, and love than those in the control group. Given that the child’s illness inevitably affects their parents, it is important to promote studies that include parents’ well-being dimensions.
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44
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González AP, Juega J, Vazquez C, Hernández-Gallego A, López D, Cañas L, Bancu I, Bonet J, Lauzurica R. Late Onset of Cholesterol Embolism Leading to Graft Failure After Renal Transplantation: Report of Two Cases. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2361-3. [PMID: 26518927 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-crystal embolization (CE) usually presents as an acute or subacute multisystemic disease. When affecting native kidneys prognosis is poor, often leading to chronic kidney disease. Presentation in renal allografts is a rare condition although probably underdiagnosed. If renal CE originates from the recipient, allograft survival is usually good, whereas if the donor is the origin, graft dysfunction and subsequent graft loss are common. Associated risk factors are common to native and transplanted kidneys. We report 2 renal graft recipients of different cadaveric donors, both male and 68 years old, diagnosed with CE in renal grafts at 19 and 72 months after transplantation, respectively. They presented previous risk factors for CE, including severe atherosclerosis. They presented insidious and asymptomatic impairment of renal function initially. Renal graft biopsy specimens showed CE in the interlobular arteries. Potential triggers for CE were suspended and high doses of steroids were started. However, progressive decline in renal function and requirement of chronic dialysis occurred within the first year after diagnosis in both cases. Herein we discuss the causal or incidental role of CE in the graft failure of these cases, highlighting the serious outcome despite the recipient origin of the CE and the initiation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P González
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - J Juega
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - C Vazquez
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - A Hernández-Gallego
- Department of Pathological Anatomy of the University Hospital "Germans Trias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - D López
- Department of Pathological Anatomy of the University Hospital "Germans Trias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - L Cañas
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain; REDinREN 12/0021/0027, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Bancu
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain
| | - J Bonet
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain; REDinREN 12/0021/0027, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Lauzurica
- Nephrology Department of the University Hospital "GermansTrias I Pujol", Badalona, Spain; REDinREN 12/0021/0027, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
CYP2B6 is a highly polymorphic isoenzyme involved in the metabolism of many drugs including cyclophosphamide, bupropion, and efavirenz. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CYP2B6 (516G>T) resulted in decreased expression and function associated with the CYP2B6*6 haplotype. Among the clinical implications of this phenotype, decreased activation of cyclophosphamide and increased plasma levels of efavirenz associated with increased central nervous system toxicity have been reported. The frequency of the CYP2B6 (516G>T) SNP has been studied in several different populations, but there is no data regarding distribution among Argentinians. In this study, 102 DNA samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism reaction specific for the CYP2B6 (516G>T) SNP. Our results showed a prevalence of 71.08% for the G allele and 28.92% for the T allele. This was distributed as 52.9% for the GG genotype (reduced dosage required), 36.6% for the GT genotype (normal dosage range), and 10.8% for the TT genotype (high drug toxicity). There was no preferential gender distribution observed. The relatively high prevalence of the TT genotype in our population supports the clinical use of genotyping as an additional tool in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scibona
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vazquez
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A R Cajal
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P F Argibay
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W H Belloso
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Regueira M, Vazquez C, Gomez F, Perna A. Evaluation of interferon beta therapy for multiple sclerosis funded by the national resources fund in Uruguay in the period 2009-2014. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Perna A, Hackembruch H, Vazquez C, Guecaimburu R, Rozada R, Legnani M, Higgie J, Marques J, Repetto L, Guggeri L. Clinical and genetic characterization of Uruguayan patients suffering from muscular pathology of unknown etiology. Preliminary results. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Sanchez A, Vazquez C. Looking at the eyes of happiness: Positive emotions mediate the influence of life satisfaction on attention to happy faces. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.910827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sanchez A, Vazquez C, Gomez D, Joormann J. Gaze-fixation to happy faces predicts mood repair after a negative mood induction. Emotion 2014; 14:85-94. [DOI: 10.1037/a0034500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Sustained attentional processing of negative information plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression. The present study examines the relationships between rumination, a relevant factor in information processing in depression, and the attentional mechanisms activated in individuals with different levels of depression severity when attending to emotional information (i.e., sad, angry and happy faces). Behavioural and physiological indicators of sustained processing were assessed in 126 participants (39 dysphoric and 87 non-dysphoric) using eye-tracking technology. Pupil dilation and total time attending to negative faces were correlated with a global ruminative style in the total sample once depression severity was controlled. Furthermore, in dysphoric participants the brooding component of rumination was specifically associated with the total time attending to sad faces. Finally, bootstrapping analyses showed that the relationships between global rumination and pupil diameter to emotional faces were accounted by total time attending to emotional faces, specifically for participants reporting lower levels of depression severity. The results support the idea that sustained processing of negative information is associated with a higher ruminative style and indicate differential associations between these factors at different levels of depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Duque
- a Department of Clinical Psychology , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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