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Martin-Pozas T, Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Gonzalez-Pumariega M, Elez J, Duarte E, de la Rasilla M, Canaveras JC, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. Adaptive response of prokaryotic communities to extreme pollution flooding in a Paleolithic rock art cave (Pindal Cave, northern Spain). Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171137. [PMID: 38401719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
A flood event affecting Pindal Cave, a UNESCO World Heritage site, introduced a substantial amount of external sediments and waste into the cave. This event led to the burial of preexisting sediments, altering the biogeochemical characteristics of the cave ecosystem by introducing heightened levels of organic matter, nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, and heavy metals. The sediments included particulate matter and waste from a cattle farm located within the water catchment area of the cavity, along with diverse microorganisms, reshaping the cave microbial community. This study addresses the ongoing influence of a cattle farm on the cave ecosystem and aims to understand the adaptive responses of the underground microbial community to the sudden influx of waste allochthonous material. Here, we show that the flood event had an immediate and profound effect on the cave microbial community, marked by a significant increase in methanogenic archaea, denitrifying bacteria, and other microorganisms commonly associated with mammalian intestinal tracts. Furthermore, our findings reveal that one year after the flood, microorganisms related to the flood decreased, while the increase in inorganic forms of ammonium and nitrate suggests potential nitrification, aligning with increased abundances of corresponding functional genes involved in nitrogen cycling. The results reveal that the impact of pollution was neither recent nor isolated, and it was decisive in stopping livestock activity near the cave. The influence of the cattle farm has persisted since its establishment over the impluvium area, and this influence endures even a year after the flood. Our study emphasizes the dynamic interplay between natural events, anthropogenic activities, and microbial communities, offering insights into the resilience of cave ecosystems. Understanding microbial adaptation in response to environmental disturbances, as demonstrated in this cave ecosystem, has implications for broader ecological studies and underscores the importance of considering temporal dynamics in conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Spanish Geological Survey (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Javier Elez
- Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Elsa Duarte
- Department of History, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Canaveras
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil and Water Protection, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Martin-Pozas T, Nováková A, Jurado V, Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. A Second Fungal Outbreak in Castañar Cave, Spain, Discloses the Fragility of Subsurface Ecosystems. Microb Ecol 2024; 87:53. [PMID: 38507071 PMCID: PMC10954929 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Castañar is a cave with strict visitor control measures since it was open to public visits in 2003. However, in recent years, the cave suffered two fungal outbreaks, the first in 2008 and controlled by cleaning the contaminated sediments and subsequent closure of the cave until 2014. The cave was reopened but limited to a maximum of 450 visitors/year. Despite these restrictions on visit, the cave experienced a second outbreak in 2021, originating from the installation of a steel grating walkway, aiming at protecting the ground sediments from the visitors' footsteps. Here, we conducted an analysis using Next-Generation Sequencing and culture-dependent techniques to investigate the fungal communities related to the second outbreak and compare with those present before the cave suffered the outbreak. The results show that the most abundant fungi involved in the 2021 outbreak were already detected in 2020, and even in 2008 and 2009, although the main species that originating both outbreaks were different, likely due to the different carbon sources introduced into the cave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biologia y Geologia, Universidad de Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Alena Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Spanish Geological Survey, IGME-CSIC, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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3
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Martin-Pozas T, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Ontañon R, Arias P, Cañaveras JC, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microclimate, airborne particles, and microbiological monitoring protocol for conservation of rock-art caves: The case of the world-heritage site La Garma cave (Spain). J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119762. [PMID: 38081083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cave heritage is often threatened by tourism or even scientific activities, which can lead to irreversible deterioration. We present a preventive conservation monitoring protocol to protect caves with rock art, focusing on La Garma Cave (Spain), a World Heritage Site with valuable archaeological materials and Palaeolithic paintings. This study assessed the suitability of the cave for tourist use through continuous microclimate and airborne particles monitoring, biofilm analysis, aerobiological monitoring and experimental visits. Our findings indicate several factors that make it inadvisable to adapt the cave for tourist use. Human presence and transit within the cave cause cumulative effects on the temperature of environmentally very stable and fragile sectors and significant resuspension of particles from the cave sediments. These environmental perturbations represent severe impacts as they affect the natural aerodynamic control of airborne particles and determine bacterial dispersal throughout the cave. This monitoring protocol provides part of the evidence to design strategies for sustainable cave management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcala, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Gonzalez-Pimentel
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo (CABD, UPO-CSIC-JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Ontañon
- Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de Cantabria - Cuevas Prehistoricas de Cantabria, 39009, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Arias
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC). Universidad de Cantabria, 39009, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, Universida de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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4
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Biagioli F, Coleine C, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Feng Y, Saiz-Jimenez C, Selbmann L. Outdoor climate drives diversity patterns of dominant microbial taxa in caves worldwide. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167674. [PMID: 37813267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The cave microbiota is assumed to be shaped by indoor microclimate, biotic and abiotic factors, which are largely dependent from outside environmental conditions; however, this knowledge is available at local or regional scales only. To address this knowledge gap, we reanalyzed over 1050 bacterial and fungal communities of caves worldwide, and found that outdoor temperature and rainfall play a critical role in explaining differences in microbial diversity patterns of global caves, selecting specific dominant taxa across gradients of growing aridity conditions with arid climate leading to a reduction in total cave microbial diversity. Moreover, we found that fungal (from 186 to 1908 taxa) and bacterial (from 467 to 1619 taxa) diversity increased under temperate-tropical and temperate-continental climatic regions, respectively, highlighting an opposite preference for the two microbial compartments. We hypothesized that outdoor geographical, climatic variables and lithology are critical epistatic drivers in assembling microbial communities and their dominant taxa, whose ecological responses could be useful to predict the fate of these subterranean environments in the context of climate change. Our work elucidates the intimate connection between caves microbiota and surface ecosystems highlighting the sensitivity of cave microbial communities to climatic changes and environmental degradation. This work also provides a natural benchmark for the biogeographic information for caves globally and for protection strategies aiming at conservation of underground environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biagioli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Youzhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210006 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Microbiología Ambiental y Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Mycological Section, Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA), Via al Porto Antico, 16128 Genoa, Italy
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Martin-Pozas T, Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Benavente D, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. Prokaryotic communities inhabiting a high-radon subterranean ecosystem (Castañar Cave, Spain): Environmental and substrate-driven controls. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127511. [PMID: 37852679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Castañar Cave (Caceres, Spain) is a unique show cave known for its high natural radiation levels. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of its prokaryotic diversity, specifically focusing on investigating the influence of environmental conditions and substrate characteristics on the prokaryotic community structure in the cave sediments. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the potential impact of human activities on the cave ecosystem. The identification of distinct bioclimatic zones within the cave was made possible through a combination of environmental and microbial monitoring (ATP assays). The results reveal sediment texture as a significant factor, notably affecting the structure, diversity, and phylogenetic variability of the microbial community, including both Bacteria and Archaea. The proportion of clay minerals in sediments plays a crucial role in regulating moisture levels and nutrient availability. These substrate properties collectively exert a significant selective pressure on the structure of prokaryotic communities within cave sediments. The molecular approach shows that heterotrophic bacteria, including those with chitinolytic enzymes, primarily inhabit the cave. Furthermore, chemoautotrophic nitrifiers such as the archaea Nitrososphaeria and the genus Nitrospira, as well as methanotrophic bacteria from the phyla Methylomirabilota, Pseudomonadota, and Verrucomicrobiota, are also present. Remarkably, despite being a show cave, the cave microbiota displays minimal impacts from human activities and the surface ecosystem. Prokaryotic populations exhibit stability in the innermost areas, while the tourist trail area experiences slightly higher biomass increases due to visitor traffic. This suggests that conservation efforts have successfully limited the entry of external nutrients into the innermost cave areas. Additionally, the results suggest that integrating biomarkers like ATP into environmental monitoring can significantly enhance the methods used to study the negative impacts of tourism on cave ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcala, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - David Benavente
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil and Water Protection, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Martin-Pozas T, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Cañaveras JC, Benavente D, Duarte E, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. New insights into the structure, microbial diversity and ecology of yellow biofilms in a Paleolithic rock art cave (Pindal Cave, Asturias, Spain). Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165218. [PMID: 37419360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of sunlight, caves harbor a great diversity of microbial colonies to extensive biofilms with different sizes and colors visible to the naked eye. One of the most widespread and visible types of biofilm are those with yellow hues that can constitute a serious problem for the conservation of cultural heritage in many caves, such as Pindal Cave (Asturias, Spain). This cave, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO for its Paleolithic parietal art, shows a high degree of development of yellow biofilms that represents a real threat to the conservation of painted and engraved figures. This study aims to: 1) identify the microbial structures and the most characteristic taxa composing the yellow biofilms, 2) seek the linked microbiome reservoir primarily contributing to their growth; 3) seed light on the driving vectors that contribute to their formation and determine the subsequent proliferation and spatial distribution. To achieve this goal, we used amplicon-based massive sequencing, in combination with other techniques such as microscopy, in situ hybridization and environmental monitoring, to compare the microbial communities of yellow biofilms with those of drip waters, cave sediments and exterior soil. The results revealed microbial structures related to the phylum Actinomycetota and the most characteristic bacteria in yellow biofilms, represented by the genera wb1-P19, Crossiella, Nitrospira, and Arenimonas. Our findings suggest that sediments serve as potential reservoirs and colonization sites for these bacteria that can develop into biofilms under favorable environmental and substrate conditions, with a particular affinity for speleothems and rugged-surfaced rocks found in condensation-prone areas. This study presents an exhaustive study of microbial communities of yellow biofilms in a cave, which could be used as a procedure for the identification of similar biofilms in other caves and to design effective conservation strategies in caves with valuable cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcala, Campus Cientifico-Tecnologico, 28802 Alcala de Henares, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Benavente
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Elsa Duarte
- Department of History, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil and Water Protection, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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De Leo F, Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Bruno L, Saiz-Jimenez C, Urzì C. Fungal outbreak in the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro Rome (Italy): From diagnosis to an emergency treatment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982933. [PMID: 36439803 PMCID: PMC9684309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports a sudden fungal outbreak that occurred in the corridor near the entrance of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro in Rome (Italy) observed after 1 year of a restoration treatment that interested the walls of the entrance of the Catacombs and some artifacts placed in situ. The colonization was observed on the vault at the entrance and in correspondence with the restored marble pieces displayed on the left side of the corridor. No growth was observed on the right side where similarly treated marble slabs were placed. Samples taken in correspondence with fungal biofilm were analyzed through the combined use of microscopical, cultural, and molecular tools and showed that the vault and the left side of the corridor entrance were colonized by a complex fungal biofilm consisting mainly of Coniophora sp. and other genera, such as Hypomyces, Purpureocillium, Acremonium, Penicillium, and Alternaria, many of which are well known as responsible of biodeterioration of stone surfaces. Regarding the brown-rot basidiomycete Coniophora, it was able to form very large colonies on the substrata with a diameter of up to 57 cm. Although the direct observation under a light microscope evidenced the presence of abundant brown fungal conidia, several attempts to cultivate the microorganism failed, therefore only through DNA sequencing analyses, it was possible to identify and characterize this fungus. There is very little literature on the genus Coniophora which is reported as one of the causes of wet-rot decay of wood in buildings. A connection with calcium-containing materials such as bricks and mortars was demonstrated, but no data were available about the possible role of this species in the biodeterioration of stones. This study features the first finding of a strain related to the basidiomycetous genus of Coniophora in the order Boletales in association with evident phenomena of biodeterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena De Leo
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Dominguez-Moñino
- Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Bruno
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Clara Urzì
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Martin-Pozas T, Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cañaveras JC, Benavente D, Jurado V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Janssens I, Seijas N, Sanchez-Moral S. Role of subterranean microbiota in the carbon cycle and greenhouse gas dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154921. [PMID: 35364174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Subterranean ecosystems play an active role in the global carbon cycle, yet only a few studies using indirect methods have focused on the role of the cave microbiota in this critical cycle. Here we present pioneering research based on in situ real-time monitoring of CO2 and CH4 diffusive fluxes and concurrent δ13C geochemical tracing in caves, combined with 16S microbiome analysis. Our findings show that cave sediments are promoting continuous CH4 consumption from cave atmosphere, resulting in a significant removal of 65% to 90%. This research reveals the most effective taxa and metabolic pathways in consumption and uptake of greenhouse gases. Methanotrophic bacteria were the most effective group involved in CH4 consumption, namely within the families Methylomonaceae, Methylomirabilaceae and Methylacidiphilaceae. In addition, Crossiella and Nitrosococcaceae wb1-P19 could be one of the main responsible of CO2 uptake, which occurs via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and reversible hydration of CO2. Thus, syntrophic relationships exist between Crossiella and nitrifying bacteria that capture CO2, consume inorganic N produced by heterotrophic ammonification in the surface of sediments, and induce moonmilk formation. Moonmilk is found as the most evolved phase of the microbial processes in cave sediments that fixes CO2 as calcite and intensifies CH4 oxidation. From an ecological perspective, cave sediments act qualitatively as soils, providing fundamental ecosystem services (e.g. nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration) with direct influence on greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Scientific Technological Campus, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Campus, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Benavente
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Campus, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Valme Jurado
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Naomi Seijas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V. Streptomyces benahoarensis sp. nov. Isolated From a Lava Tube of La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907816. [PMID: 35651486 PMCID: PMC9149447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Streptomyces strains, labeled as MZ03-37T and MZ03-48, were isolated from two different samples, a mucolite-type speleothem and a microbial mat on the walls of a lava tube from La Palma Island (Canary Islands). Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes indicated that both strains belonged to the same species. The closest relatives for both strains were Streptomyces palmae CMU-AB204T (98.71%), Streptomyces catenulae NRRL B-2342T (98.35%), and Streptomyces ramulosus NRRL B-2714T (98.35%). Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on five house-keeping gene alleles (i.e., atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB, and trpB), indicated that both isolated strains were closely related to S. catenulae NRRL B-2342T. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores of both strains were in the threshold value for species delineation with the closest species. Both strains presented a G+C content of 72.1 mol%. MZ03-37T was light brown in substrate and white in aerial mycelium, whereas MZ03-48 developed a black aerial and substrate mycelium. No pigment diffusion was observed in both strains. They grew at 10°C-37°C (optimum 28°C-32°C) and in the presence of up to 15% (w/v) NaCl. MZ03-37T grew at pH 5-10 (optimal 6-9), whereas MZ03-48 grew at pH 4-11 (optimal 5-10). LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the main diamino acid identified. The predominant fatty acids in both strains were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C14:0. The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8), and the main polar lipids were aminolipid, phospholipid, and phosphoglycolipid. In silico analyses for functional annotation predicted the presence of gene clusters involved in resistome mechanisms and in the synthesis of described antimicrobials such as linocin-M18 and curamycin, as well as different genes likely involved in mechanisms for active compound synthesis, both already described and not discovered so far. On the basis of their phylogenetic relatedness and their phenotypic and genotypic features, the strains MZ03-37T and MZ03-48 represented a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces benahoarensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MZ03-37T (= CECT 9805 = DSMZ 8002); and MZ03-48 (= CECT 9806 = DSMZ 8011) is a reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Martin-Pozas T, Nováková A, Jurado V, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. Diversity of Microfungi in a High Radon Cave Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869661. [PMID: 35572646 PMCID: PMC9093739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castañar Cave is a clear example of an oligotrophic ecosystem with high hygrothermal stability both seasonal and interannual and the particularity of registering extraordinary levels of environmental radiation. These environmental conditions make the cave an ideal laboratory to evaluate both the responses of the subterranean environment to sudden changes in the matter and energy fluxes with the exterior and also any impact derived from its use as a tourist resource under a very restrictive access regime. In 2008, a fungal outbreak provoked by a vomit contaminated the sediments which were removed and subsequently treated with hydrogen peroxide. Fungal surveys were carried out in 2008 and 2009. The visits were resumed in 2014. Here, 12 years after the outbreak, we present an exhaustive study on the cave sediments in order to know the distribution of the different fungal taxa, as well as the prevalence and spatio-temporal evolution of the fungi caused by the vomit over the years under the conditions of relative isolation and high radiation that characterize this cave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alena Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valme Jurado
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Jurado V, Del Rosal Y, Jimenez de Cisneros C, Liñan C, Martin-Pozas T, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microbial communities in carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja Cave, Spain. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13399. [PMID: 35529484 PMCID: PMC9074860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cave microorganisms has mainly focused on the microbial communities thriving on speleothems, rocks and sediments; however, drip water bacteria and calcite precipitation has received less attention. In this study, microbial communities of carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja, a show cave close to the sea in southeastern Spain, were investigated. We observed a pronounced difference in the bacterial composition of the precipitates, depending on the galleries and halls. The most abundant phylum in the precipitates of the halls close to the cave entrance was Proteobacteria, due to the low depth of this sector, the direct influence of a garden on the top soil and the infiltration of waters into the cave, as well as the abundance of members of the order Hyphomicrobiales, dispersing from plant roots, and other Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, common soil inhabitants. The influence of marine aerosols explained the presence of Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Thalassobaculum, Altererythrobacter and other bacteria due to the short distance from the cave to the sea. Nineteen out of forty six genera identified in the cave have been reported to precipitate carbonate and likely have a role in mineral deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Liñan
- Departamento de Ecologia y Geologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Jurado V, D'Angeli I, Martin-Pozas T, Cappelletti M, Ghezzi D, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Cuezva S, Miller AZ, Fernandez-Cortes A, De Waele J, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. Dominance of Arcobacter in the white filaments from the thermal sulfidic spring of Fetida Cave (Apulia, southern Italy). Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149465. [PMID: 34391144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermal spring of Fetida Cave, a still active sulfuric acid cave opening at sea level and located in Santa Cesarea Terme, southeastern Salento (Apulia region, Southern Italy) hosts abundant floating white filaments. The white filaments were mainly composed of sulfur crystals surrounded by microbial mass of the phyla Epsilonbacteraeota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria. The most abundant genus in the white filaments collected from the waters in the innermost part of the cave dominated by sulfidic exhalations was Arcobacter. This abundance can be related to the higher concentration of sulfide dissolved in water, and low oxygen and pH values. Conversely, lower Arcobacter abundances were obtained in the filaments collected in the entrance and middle part of the cave, where sulfidic water mixes with seawater, as the cave is subjected to tides and the mixing of fresh (continental) with marine water. The geochemical analysis of water and atmospheric gases confirmed these environmental constraints. In fact, the highest concentrations of H2S in the air and water were recorded closest to the spring upwelling in the innermost part of the cave, and the lowest ones near the cave entrance. The metabolic versatility of Arcobacter might provide a competitive advantage in the colonization of water bodies characterized by high sulfide, low oxygen, and dynamic fluid movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ilenia D'Angeli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of NanoBiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Zelia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Rogerio-Candelera MA, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Airborne bacteria in show caves from Southern Spain. Microb Cell 2021; 8:247-255. [PMID: 34692820 PMCID: PMC8485469 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.10.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a study on the airborne bacteria recorded in three Andalusian show caves, subjected to different managements. The main differences within the caves were the absence of lighting and phototrophic biofilms in Cueva de Ardales, the periodic maintenance and low occurrence of phototrophic biofilms in Gruta de las Maravillas, and the abundance of phototrophic biofilms in speleothems and walls in Cueva del Tesoro. These factors conditioned the diversity of bacteria in the caves and therefore there are large differences among the CFU m-3, determined using a suction impact collector, equipment widely used in aerobiological studies. The study of the bacterial diversity, inside and outside the caves, indicates that the air is mostly populated by bacteria thriving in the subterranean environment. In addition, the diversity seems to be related with the presence of abundant phototrophic biofilms, but not with the number of visitors received by each cave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Gutierrez-Patricio S, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Miller AZ, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V. Paracoccus onubensis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from the wall of a show cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34388083 PMCID: PMC8513619 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming alphaproteobacterium, strain 1011MAR3C25T, was isolated from a white biofilm colonizing the walls of the Andalusian show cave Gruta de las Maravillas (Huelva, Spain). Strain 1011MAR3C25T grew at 8–42 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3–5 %). Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew heterotrophically with various carbon sources and chemoautotrophically with thiosulfate under aerobic conditions. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 1011MAR3C25T was related to Paracoccus saliphilus DSM 18447T and Paracoccus alkanivorans LMG 30882T (97.90 % and 97.32 % 16S rRNA sequence identity values, respectively). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 60.3 mol%. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic study it is proposed that strain 1011MAR3C25T (=CECT 9092T=LMG 29414T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus onubensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gutierrez-Patricio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ana Zelia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.,HERCULES Laboratory, Evora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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15
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Sanchez-Moral S, Jurado V, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Martin-Pozas T, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Ontañon R, Saiz-Jimenez C. Environment-driven control of fungi in subterranean ecosystems: the case of La Garma Cave (northern Spain). Int Microbiol 2021; 24:573-591. [PMID: 34292448 PMCID: PMC8616876 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms can cause important conservation problems in caves with Paleolithic art and therefore the knowledge of cave aerodynamic is essential. La Garma Cave (Cantabria, Spain), an exceptional archaeological site with several levels of galleries interconnected and two entrances, presents a complex atmospheric dynamics. An approach including aerobiological sampling together with microclimate monitoring was applied to assess the factors controlling the origin of airborne fungi. Here we show that winter ventilation is critical for the increasing of Basidiomycota spores in the cave air and the highest concentrations were found in the most ventilated areas. On the contrary, Ascomycota spores prevailed in absence of ventilation. Besides, most Ascomycota were linked to insects and bats that visit or inhabit the cave. The combination of aerobiological and microclimate data constitutes a good approach to evaluate the influence of external climatic conditions and design the most suitable strategies for the conservation of cultural heritage in the cave environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Ontañon
- Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de Cantabria, 39009, Santander, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Martin-Pozas T, Jurado V, Miller AZ, Caldeira AT, Fernandez-Lorenzo O, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. Prokaryotic communities from a lava tube cave in La Palma Island (Spain) are involved in the biogeochemical cycle of major elements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11386. [PMID: 34026356 PMCID: PMC8121065 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lava caves differ from karstic caves in their genesis and mineral composition. Subsurface microbiology of lava tube caves in Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, is largely unknown. We have focused the investigation in a representative lava tube cave, Fuente de la Canaria Cave, in La Palma Island, Spain, which presents different types of speleothems and colored microbial mats. Four samples collected in this cave were studied using DNA next-generation sequencing and field emission scanning electron microscopy for bacterial identification, functional profiling, and morphological characterization. The data showed an almost exclusive dominance of Bacteria over Archaea. The distribution in phyla revealed a majority abundance of Proteobacteria (37-89%), followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Candidatus Rokubacteria. These four phyla comprised a total relative abundance of 72-96%. The main ecological functions in the microbial communities were chemoheterotrophy, methanotrophy, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and CO2 fixation; although other ecological functions were outlined. Genome annotations of the especially representative taxon Ga0077536 (about 71% of abundance in moonmilk) predicted the presence of genes involved in CO2 fixation, formaldehyde consumption, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and microbially-induced carbonate precipitation. The detection of several putative lineages associated with C, N, S, Fe and Mn indicates that Fuente de la Canaria Cave basalts are colonized by metabolically diverse prokaryotic communities involved in the biogeochemical cycling of major elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valme Jurado
- Environmental Microbiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Environmental Microbiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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17
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Addesso R, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, D'Angeli IM, De Waele J, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V, Miller AZ, Cubero B, Vigliotta G, Baldantoni D. Microbial Community Characterizing Vermiculations from Karst Caves and Its Role in Their Formation. Microb Ecol 2021; 81:884-896. [PMID: 33156395 PMCID: PMC8062384 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota associated with vermiculations from karst caves is largely unknown. Vermiculations are enigmatic deposits forming worm-like patterns on cave walls all over the world. They represent a precious focus for geomicrobiological studies aimed at exploring both the microbial life of these ecosystems and the vermiculation genesis. This study comprises the first approach on the microbial communities thriving in Pertosa-Auletta Cave (southern Italy) vermiculations by next-generation sequencing. The most abundant phylum in vermiculations was Proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria > Actinobacteria > Nitrospirae > Firmicutes > Planctomycetes > Chloroflexi > Gemmatimonadetes > Bacteroidetes > Latescibacteria. Numerous less-represented taxonomic groups (< 1%), as well as unclassified ones, were also detected. From an ecological point of view, all the groups co-participate in the biogeochemical cycles in these underground environments, mediating oxidation-reduction reactions, promoting host rock dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation, and enriching the matrix in organic matter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy brought evidence of a strong interaction between the biotic community and the abiotic matrix, supporting the role of microbial communities in the formation process of vermiculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Addesso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Jose L Gonzalez-Pimentel
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo Marques de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ilenia M D'Angeli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo Marques de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cubero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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18
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Martin-Pozas T, Sanchez-Moral S, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Perez-Lopez R, Carrey R, Otero N, Giesemann A, Well R, Calaforra JM, Fernandez-Cortes A. Biologically mediated release of endogenous N 2O and NO 2 gases in a hydrothermal, hypoxic subterranean environment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 747:141218. [PMID: 32777502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The migration of geogenic gases in continental areas with geothermal activity and active faults is an important process releasing greenhouse gases (GHG) to the lower troposphere. In this respect, caves in hypogenic environments are natural laboratories to study the compositional evolution of deep-endogenous fluids through the Critical Zone. Vapour Cave (Alhama, Murcia, Spain) is a hypogenic cave formed by the upwelling of hydrothermal CO2-rich fluids. Anomalous concentrations of N2O and NO2 were registered in the cave's subterranean atmosphere, averaging ten and five times the typical atmospheric backgrounds, respectively. We characterised the thermal conditions, gaseous compositions, sediments, and microbial communities at different depths in the cave. We did so to understand the relation between N-cycling microbial groups and the production and transformation of nitrogenous gases, as well as their coupled evolution with CO2 and CH4 during their migration through the Critical Zone to the lower troposphere. Our results showed an evident vertical stratification of selected microbial groups (Archaea and Bacteria) depending on the environmental parameters, including O2, temperature, and GHG concentration. Both the N2O isotope ratios and the predicted ecological functions of bacterial and archaeal communities suggest that N2O and NO2 emissions mainly depend on the nitrification by ammonia-oxidising microorganisms. Denitrification and abiotic reactions of the reactive intermediates NH2OH, NO, and NO2- are also plausible according to the results of the phylogenetic analyses of the microbial communities. Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation by denitrifying methanotrophs of the NC10 phylum was also identified as a post-genetic process during migration of this gas to the surface. To the best of our knowledge, our report provides, for the first time, evidence of a niche densely populated by Micrarchaeia, which represents more than 50% of the total archaeal abundance. This raises many questions on the metabolic behaviour of this and other archaeal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martin-Pozas
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Valme Jurado
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agricultural Biology (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Raul Perez-Lopez
- Geological Hazard Division, Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raul Carrey
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), UB, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Neus Otero
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), UB, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jose M Calaforra
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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19
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Miller AZ, De la Rosa JM, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Pereira MFC, Gonzalez-Perez JA, Knicker H, Saiz-Jimenez C. Impact of wildfires on subsurface volcanic environments: New insights into speleothem chemistry. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134321. [PMID: 31783462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Siliceous speleothems frequently reported in volcanic caves have been traditionally interpreted as resulting from basalt weathering combined with the activity of microbial communities. A characteristic feature in lava tubes from Hawaii, Azores and Canary Islands is the occurrence of black jelly-like speleothems. Here we describe the formation process of siliceous black speleothems found in a lava tube from La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain, based on mineralogy, microscopy, light stable isotopes, analytical pyrolysis, NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. The data indicate that the black speleothems are composed of a hydrated gel matrix of amorphous aluminum silicate materials containing charred vegetation and thermally degraded resins from pines or triterpenoids from Erica arborea, characteristic of the overlying laurel forest. This is the first observation of a connection between fire and speleothem chemistry from volcanic caves. We conclude that wildfires and organic matter from the surface area overlying caves may play an important role in the formation of speleothems found in La Palma and demonstrate that siliceous speleothems are potential archives for past fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z Miller
- Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-676 Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel F C Pereira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A Gonzalez-Perez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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D'Angeli IM, Ghezzi D, Leuko S, Firrincieli A, Parise M, Fiorucci A, Vigna B, Addesso R, Baldantoni D, Carbone C, Miller AZ, Jurado V, Saiz-Jimenez C, De Waele J, Cappelletti M. Geomicrobiology of a seawater-influenced active sulfuric acid cave. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220706. [PMID: 31393920 PMCID: PMC6687129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetida Cave is an active sulfuric acid cave influenced by seawater, showing abundant microbial communities that organize themselves under three main different morphologies: water filaments, vermiculations and moonmilk deposits. These biofilms/deposits have different cave distribution, pH, macro- and microelement and mineralogical composition, carbon and nitrogen content. In particular, water filaments and vermiculations had circumneutral and slightly acidic pH, respectively, both had abundant organic carbon and high microbial diversity. They were rich in macro- and microelements, deriving from mineral dissolution, and, in the case of water filaments, from seawater composition. Vermiculations had different color, partly associated with their mineralogy, and unusual minerals probably due to trapping capacities. Moonmilk was composed of gypsum, poor in organic matter, had an extremely low pH (0-1) and low microbial diversity. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbial composition of the biofilms/deposits included autotrophic taxa associated with sulfur and nitrogen cycles and biomineralization processes. In particular, water filaments communities were characterized by bacterial taxa involved in sulfur oxidation and reduction in aquatic, aphotic, microaerophilic/anoxic environments (Campylobacterales, Thiotrichales, Arenicellales, Desulfobacterales, Desulforomonadales) and in chemolithotrophy in marine habitats (Oceanospirillales, Chromatiales). Their biodiversity was linked to the morphology of the water filaments and their collection site. Microbial communities within vermiculations were partly related to their color and showed high abundance of unclassified Betaproteobacteria and sulfur-oxidizing Hydrogenophilales (including Sulfuriferula), and Acidiferrobacterales (including Sulfurifustis), sulfur-reducing Desulfurellales, and ammonia-oxidizing Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae. The microbial community associated with gypsum moonmilk showed the strong dominance (>60%) of the archaeal genus Thermoplasma and lower abundance of chemolithotrophic Acidithiobacillus, metal-oxidizing Metallibacterium, Sulfobacillus, and Acidibacillus. This study describes the geomicrobiology of water filaments, vermiculations and gypsum moonmilk from Fetida Cave, providing insights into the microbial taxa that characterize each morphology and contribute to biogeochemical cycles and speleogenesis of this peculiar seawater-influenced sulfuric acid cave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia M D'Angeli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefan Leuko
- DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Köln, Germany
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mario Parise
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Fiorucci
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Vigna
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosangela Addesso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- DISTAV, Department of Geological, Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Miller AZ, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Bacillus onubensis sp. nov., isolated from the air of two Andalusian caves. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Diaz-Herraiz M, Jurado V, Laiz L, Miller AZ, Santos JL, Alonso E, Saiz-Jimenez C. Nature and origin of the violet stains on the walls of a Roman tomb. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:889-899. [PMID: 28458206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Circular Mausoleum tomb (Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain) dates back from the first century AD and is characterized by a dense microbial (phototrophic) colonization on the walls and ceiling. However, some walls exhibited an important number of violet stains of unknown origin. The microbial communities of these violet stains are mainly composed of cyanobacteria, streptomycetes and fungi. A strain of Streptomyces parvus, isolated from the walls, produces a violet pigment in culture media. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the culture extracts obtained from this Streptomyces revealed the presence of a few granaticins, pigments with a benzoisochromanequinone structure. When metabolically active in the tomb, S. parvus synthesizes the pigments that diffuse into the mortar. During rain and/or wetting periods, the pigments are solubilized by alkaline waters and elute from the starting position to the surrounding mortar, enlarging the pigmented area and thus contributing to this exceptional biodeterioration phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dominguez-Moñino
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Diaz-Herraiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de Africa 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de Africa 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Miller AZ, De la Rosa JM, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Pereira MF, González-Pérez JA, Calaforra JM, Saiz-Jimenez C. Analytical pyrolysis and stable isotope analyses reveal past environmental changes in coralloid speleothems from Easter Island (Chile). J Chromatogr A 2016; 1461:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from a show cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2265-2270. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dominguez-Moñino
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Coutinho ML, Miller AZ, Martin-Sanchez PM, Mirão J, Gomez-Bolea A, Machado-Moreira B, Cerqueira-Alves L, Jurado V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Lima A, Phillips AJL, Pina F, Macedo MF. A multiproxy approach to evaluate biocidal treatments on biodeteriorated majolica glazed tiles. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4794-4816. [PMID: 27235544 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fishing House located on the grounds of the Marquis of Pombal Palace, Oeiras, Portugal, was built in the 18th century. During this epoch, Portuguese gardens, such as the one surrounding the Fishing House, were commonly ornamented with glazed wall tile claddings. Currently, some of these outdoor tile panels are covered with dark colored biofilms, contributing to undesirable aesthetic changes and eventually inducing chemical and physical damage to the tile surfaces. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the investigated biofilms are mainly composed of green algae, cyanobacteria and dematiaceous fungi. With the aim of mitigating biodeterioration, four different biocides (TiO2 nanoparticles, Biotin® T, Preventol® RI 80 and Albilex Biostat® ) were applied in situ to the glazed wall tiles. Their efficacy was monitored by visual examination, epifluorescence microscopy and DNA-based analysis. Significant changes in the microbial community composition were observed 4 months after treatment with Preventol® RI 80 and Biotin® T. Although the original community was inactivated after these treatments, an early stage of re-colonization was detected 6 months after the biocide application. TiO2 nanoparticles showed promising results due to their self-cleaning effect, causing the detachment of the biofilm from the tile surface, which remained clean 6 and even 24 months after biocide application. © 2013 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Coutinho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Unit VICARTE (Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Z Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P M Martin-Sanchez
- BAM - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.1 Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Mirão
- Laboratório HÉRCULES, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - A Gomez-Bolea
- Department of Plant Biology (Botany), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Machado-Moreira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Cerqueira-Alves
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Lima
- Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Unit VICARTE (Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A J L Phillips
- UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F Macedo
- Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Unit VICARTE (Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
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Riquelme C, Marshall Hathaway JJ, Enes Dapkevicius MDLN, Miller AZ, Kooser A, Northup DE, Jurado V, Fernandez O, Saiz-Jimenez C, Cheeptham N. Actinobacterial Diversity in Volcanic Caves and Associated Geomicrobiological Interactions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1342. [PMID: 26696966 PMCID: PMC4673402 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Volcanic caves are filled with colorful microbial mats on the walls and ceilings. These volcanic caves are found worldwide, and studies are finding vast bacteria diversity within these caves. One group of bacteria that can be abundant in volcanic caves, as well as other caves, is Actinobacteria. As Actinobacteria are valued for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, rare and novel Actinobacteria are being sought in underexplored environments. The abundance of novel Actinobacteria in volcanic caves makes this environment an excellent location to study these bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from several volcanic caves worldwide revealed diversity in the morphologies present. Spores, coccoid, and filamentous cells, many with hair-like or knobby extensions, were some of the microbial structures observed within the microbial mat samples. In addition, the SEM study pointed out that these features figure prominently in both constructive and destructive mineral processes. To further investigate this diversity, we conducted both Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing of the Actinobacteria in volcanic caves from four locations, two islands in the Azores, Portugal, and Hawai'i and New Mexico, USA. This comparison represents one of the largest sequencing efforts of Actinobacteria in volcanic caves to date. The diversity was shown to be dominated by Actinomycetales, but also included several newly described orders, such as Euzebyales, and Gaiellales. Sixty-two percent of the clones from the four locations shared less than 97% similarity to known sequences, and nearly 71% of the clones were singletons, supporting the commonly held belief that volcanic caves are an untapped resource for novel and rare Actinobacteria. The amplicon libraries depicted a wider view of the microbial diversity in Azorean volcanic caves revealing three additional orders, Rubrobacterales, Solirubrobacterales, and Coriobacteriales. Studies of microbial ecology in volcanic caves are still very limited. To rectify this deficiency, the results from our study help fill in the gaps in our knowledge of actinobacterial diversity and their potential roles in the volcanic cave ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riquelme
- Food Science and Health Group (CITA-A), Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | | | - Maria de L N Enes Dapkevicius
- Food Science and Health Group (CITA-A), Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Ana Z Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ara Kooser
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Diana E Northup
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla, Spain
| | - Naowarat Cheeptham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University Kamloops, BC, Canada
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Cañaveras JC, Fernandez-Cortes A, Elez J, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Miller AZ, Rogerio-Candelera MA, Benavente D, Hernandez-Marine M, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. The deterioration of Circular Mausoleum, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain. Sci Total Environ 2015; 518-519:65-77. [PMID: 25747366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Circular Mausoleum tomb in the Roman Necropolis of Carmona was carved on a calcarenite sequence in an ancient quarry located in the town of Carmona, Southern Spain. This rock-cut tomb, representative of Roman burial practices, currently suffers from serious deterioration. A detailed survey over several years permitted the identification of the main tomb's pathologies and damaging processes, which include loss of material (scaling, flaking, granular disintegration), surface modifications (efflorescences, crusts and deposits) and extensive biological colonization. The results obtained in this study indicated that anthropogenic changes were largely responsible and enhanced the main alteration mechanisms observed in the Circular Mausoleum. Based on the deterioration diagnosis, effective corrective actions were proposed. This study shows that any conservative intervention in the interior of the tomb should be preceded by accurate in situ measurements and laboratory analyses to ascribe the source of the deterioration damages and thus designing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Cañaveras
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Fernandez-Cortes
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Geomnia Natural Resources SLNE, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Elez
- Departamento de Paleontologia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Geomnia Natural Resources SLNE, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Zelia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rogerio-Candelera
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Benavente
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Alvarez-Gallego M, Garcia-Anton E, Pla C, Benavente D, Jurado V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. Subterranean atmospheres may act as daily methane sinks. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7003. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Garcia-Guinea J, Furio M, Sanchez-Moral S, Jurado V, Correcher V, Saiz-Jimenez C. Composition and spectra of copper-carotenoid sediments from a pyrite mine stream in Spain. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 135:203-210. [PMID: 25064504 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mine drainages of La Poderosa (El Campillo, Huelva, Spain), located in the Rio Tinto Basin (Iberian Pyrite Belt) generate carotenoid complexes mixed with copper sulfates presenting good natural models for the production of carotenoids from microorganisms. The environmental conditions of Rio Tinto Basin include important environmental stresses to force the microorganisms to accumulate carotenoids. Here we show as carotenoid compounds in sediments can be analyzed directly in the solid state by Raman and Luminescence spectroscopy techniques to identify solid carotenoid, avoiding dissolution and pre-concentration treatments, since the hydrous copper-salted paragenesis do not mask the Raman emission of carotenoids. Raman spectra recorded from one of these specimens' exhibit major features at approximately 1006, 1154, and 1520 cm(-1). The bands at 1520 cm(-1) and 1154 cm(-1) can be assigned to in-phase C=C (γ(-1)) and C-C stretching (γ(-2)) vibrations of the polyene chain in carotenoids. The in-plane rocking deformations of CH3 groups linked to this chain coupled with C-C bonds are observed in the 1006 cm(-1) region. X-irradiation pretreatments enhance the cathodoluminescence spectra emission of carotenoids enough to distinguish organic compounds including hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Carotenoids in copper-sulfates could be used as biomarkers and useful proxies for understanding remote mineral formations as well as for terrestrial environmental investigations related to mine drainage contamination including biological activity and photo-oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Guinea
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Furio
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Moral
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Virgilio Correcher
- Dpto. Dosimetría de Radiaciones, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Undabeytia T, Posada R, Nir S, Galindo I, Laiz L, Saiz-Jimenez C, Morillo E. Removal of waterborne microorganisms by filtration using clay-polymer complexes. J Hazard Mater 2014; 279:190-196. [PMID: 25063930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clay-polymer composites were designed for use in filtration processes for disinfection during the course of water purification. The composites were formed by sorption of polymers based on starch modified with quaternary ammonium ethers onto the negatively charged clay mineral bentonite. The performance of the clay-polymer complexes in removal of bacteria was strongly dependent on the conformation adopted by the polycation on the clay surface, the charge density of the polycation itself and the ratio between the concentrations of clay and polymer used during the sorption process. The antimicrobial effect exerted by the clay-polymer system was due to the cationic monomers adsorbed on the clay surface, which resulted in a positive surface potential of the complexes and charge reversal. Clay-polymer complexes were more toxic to bacteria than the polymers alone. Filtration employing our optimal clay-polymer composite yielded 100% removal of bacteria after the passage of 3L, whereas an equivalent filter with granular activated carbon (GAC) hardly yielded removal of bacteria after 0.5L. Regeneration of clay-polymer complexes saturated with bacteria was demonstrated. Modeling of the filtration processes permitted to optimize the design of filters and estimation of experimental conditions for purifying large water volumes in short periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Undabeytia
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rosa Posada
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Shlomo Nir
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irene Galindo
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Morillo
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, IRNAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
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Garcia-Anton E, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Porca E, Miller AZ, Fernandez-Cortes A, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Moral S. Combining stable isotope (δ13C) of trace gases and aerobiological data to monitor the entry and dispersion of microorganisms in caves. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:473-484. [PMID: 23807558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Altamira Cave (north of Spain) contains one of the world's most prominent Paleolithic rock art paintings, which are threatened by a massive microbial colonization of ceiling and walls. Previous studies revealed that exchange rates between the cave and the external atmosphere through the entrance door play a decisive role in the entry and transport of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and nutrients to the interior of the cave. A spatial-distributed sampling and measurement of carrier (CO2) and trace (CH4) gases and isotopic signal of CO2 (δ(13)C) inside the cave supports the existence of a second connection (active gas exchange processes) with the external atmosphere at or near the Well Hall, the innermost and deepest area of the cave. A parallel aerobiological study also showed that, in addition to the entrance door, there is another connection with the external atmosphere, which favors the transport and increases microorganism concentrations in the Well Hall. This double approach provides a more complete knowledge on cave ventilation and revealed the existence of unknown passageways in the cave, a fact that should be taken into account in future cave management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Anton
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain SC13E-S71T, was isolated from tuff, volcanic rock, where the Roman catacombs of Saint Callixtus in Rome, Italy, was excavated. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SC13E-S71T belongs to the genus
Sphingopyxis
, and that it shows the greatest sequence similarity with
Sphingopyxis chilensis
DSM 14889T (98.72 %),
Sphingopyxis taejonensis
DSM 15583T (98.65 %),
Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli
LMG 23390T (98.16 %),
Sphingopyxis panaciterrae
KCTC 12580T (98.09 %),
Sphingopyxis alaskensis
DSM 13593T (98.09 %),
Sphingopyxis witflariensis
DSM 14551T (98.09 %),
Sphingopyxis bauzanensis
DSM 22271T (98.02 %),
Sphingopyxis granuli
KCTC 12209T (97.73 %),
Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida
KACC 10927T (97.49 %),
Sphingopyxis ummariensis
DSM 24316T (97.37 %) and
Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae
KCTC 22112T (97.09 %). The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C14 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-10. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid. These chemotaxonomic data are common to members of the genus
Sphingopyxis
. However, a polyphasic approach using physiological tests, DNA base ratios, DNA–DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate SC13E-S71T belongs to a novel species within the genus
Sphingopyxis
, for which the name
Sphingopyxis
italica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC13E-S71T ( = DSM 25229T = CECT 8016T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Alias-Villegas C, Jurado V, Laiz L, Miller AZ, Saiz-Jimenez C. Nocardioides albertanoniae sp. nov., isolated from Roman catacombs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1280-1284. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.043885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod- or coccoid-shaped, strain, CD40127T, was isolated from a green biofilm covering the wall of the Domitilla Catacombs in Rome, Italy. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CD40127T belongs to the genus
Nocardioides
, closely related to
Nocardioides luteus
DSM 43366T and
Nocardioides albus
DSM 43109T with 98.86 % and 98.01 % similarity values, respectively. Strain CD40127T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values below 96.29 % with the rest of the species of the genus
Nocardioides
. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.7 mol%. The predominant fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) in accordance with the phenotypes of other species of the genus
Nocardioides
. A polyphasic approach using physiological tests, fatty acid profiles, DNA base ratios and DNA–DNA hybridization showed that isolate CD40127T represents a novel species within the genus
Nocardioides
, for which the name Nocardioides albertanoniae is proposed. The type strain is CD40127T ( = DSM 25218T = CECT 8014T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z. Miller
- Centro de Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Martin-Sanchez PM, Bastian F, Alabouvette C, Saiz-Jimenez C. Real-time PCR detection of Ochroconis lascauxensis involved in the formation of black stains in the Lascaux Cave, France. Sci Total Environ 2013; 443:478-484. [PMID: 23220137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify Ochroconis lascauxensis in the Lascaux Cave in France. This fungus is the principal causal agent of the black stains threatening the Paleolithic paintings of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The black stains outbreak could not be stopped in spite of using intensive biocide treatments. A sensitive and time-saving protocol is needed for determining the extent of the colonization. Sets of primers that target the ITS and RPB2 regions were designed and evaluated for specificity against O. lascauxensis. Genomic DNA extracted from five species of Ochroconis and 13 other fungal species frequently isolated from caves were used to test the specificity of each primer set. The specific and sensitive real-time PCR assay using the primers 347F/493R targeting a 147-bp fragment from the RPB2 gene was useful for quantifying the presence of O. lascauxensis in the stains on the walls, sediments and air of the cavity. The results confirmed the association of this fungus with the black stains and its wide dissemination in all cave compartments. The suitability of this method for monitoring fungal outbreaks in cave environments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Martin-Sanchez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Diaz-Herraiz M, Jurado V, Cuezva S, Laiz L, Pallecchi P, Tiano P, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. The actinobacterial colonization of Etruscan paintings. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1440. [PMID: 23486535 PMCID: PMC3595702 DOI: 10.1038/srep01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The paintings from Tomba della Scimmia, in Tuscany, are representative of the heavy bacterial colonization experienced in most Etruscan necropolises. The tomb remained open until the late 70's when it was closed because of severe deterioration of the walls, ceiling and paintings after decades of visits. The deterioration is the result of environmental changes and impacts suffered since its discovery in 1846. We show scanning electron microscopy and molecular studies that reveal the extent and nature of the biodeterioration. Actinobacteria, mainly Nocardia and Pseudonocardia colonize and grow on the tomb walls and this process is linked to the availability of organic matter, phyllosilicates (e.g. clay minerals) and iron oxides. Nocardia is found metabolically active in the paintings. The data confirm the specialization of the genera Nocardia and Pseudonocardia in the colonization of subterranean niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Diaz-Herraiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Soledad Cuezva
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Conservazione Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pasquino Pallecchi
- Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana, 50143 Firenze, Italy
| | - Piero Tiano
- CNR Istituto per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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36
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Miller AZ, Hernández-Mariné M, Jurado V, Dionísio A, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Afonso MJ, Chaminé HI, Saiz-Jimenez C. Enigmatic reticulated filaments in subsurface granite. Environ Microbiol Rep 2012; 4:596-603. [PMID: 23760930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, geomicrobiologists have focused their researches on the nature and origin of enigmatic reticulated filaments reported in modern and fossil samples from limestone caves and basalt lava tubes. Researchers have posed questions on these filaments concerning their nature, origin, chemistry, morphology, mode of formation and growth. A tentative microbial origin has been elusive since these filaments are found as hollow tubular sheaths and could not be affiliated to any known microorganism. We describe the presence of similar structures in a 16th century granite tunnel in Porto, Northwest Portugal. The reticulated filaments we identify exhibit fine geometry surface ornamentation formed by cross-linked Mn-rich nanofibres, surrounded by a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances. Within these Mn-rich filaments we report for the first time the occurrence of microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Miller
- Centro de Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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37
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Crous P, Shivas R, Wingfield M, Summerell B, Rossman A, Alves J, Adams G, Barreto R, Bell A, Coutinho M, Flory S, Gates G, Grice K, Hardy G, Kleczewski N, Lombard L, Longa C, Louis-Seize G, Macedo F, Mahoney D, Maresi G, Martin-Sanchez P, Marvanová L, Minnis A, Morgado L, Noordeloos M, Phillips A, Quaedvlieg W, Ryan P, Saiz-Jimenez C, Seifert K, Swart W, Tan Y, Tanney J, Thu P, Videira S, Walker D, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 128-153. Persoonia 2012; 29:146-201. [PMID: 23606771 PMCID: PMC3589791 DOI: 10.3767/003158512x661589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Catenulostroma corymbiae from Corymbia, Devriesia stirlingiae from Stirlingia, Penidiella carpentariae from Carpentaria, Phaeococcomyces eucalypti from Eucalyptus, Phialophora livistonae from Livistona, Phyllosticta aristolochiicola from Aristolochia, Clitopilus austroprunulus on sclerophyll forest litter of Eucalyptus regnans and Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae from Posoqueria. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Ceramothyrium podocarpi from Podocarpus, Cercospora chrysanthemoides from Chrysanthemoides, Devriesia shakazului from Aloe, Penidiella drakensbergensis from Protea, Strelitziana cliviae from Clivia and Zasmidium syzygii from Syzygium. Other species include Bipolaris microstegii from Microstegium and Synchaetomella acerina from Acer (USA), Brunneiapiospora austropalmicola from Rhopalostylis (New Zealand), Calonectria pentaseptata from Eucalyptus and Macadamia (Vietnam), Ceramothyrium melastoma from Melastoma (Indonesia), Collembolispora aristata from stream foam (Czech Republic), Devriesia imbrexigena from glazed decorative tiles (Portugal), Microcyclospora rhoicola from Rhus (Canada), Seiridium phylicae from Phylica (Tristan de Cunha, Inaccessible Island), Passalora lobeliae-fistulosis from Lobelia (Brazil) and Zymoseptoria verkleyi from Poa (The Netherlands). Valsalnicola represents a new ascomycete genus from Alnus (Austria) and Parapenidiella a new hyphomycete genus from Eucalyptus (Australia). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B.A. Summerell
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 246, B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - J.L. Alves
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - G.C. Adams
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - A. Bell
- Gurney Road 45, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - M.L. Coutinho
- REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - S.L. Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G. Gates
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K.R. Grice
- Agri-Science Queensland, PO Box 1054, Mareeba 4880, Queensland, Australia
| | - G.E.St.J. Hardy
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150
| | - N.M. Kleczewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Southwest Purdue Agricultural Program, 4369 North Purdue Rd., Vincennes, IN 47591, USA
| | - L. Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - C.M.O. Longa
- FEM-IASMA – Research and Innovation Centre, Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department. Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - G. Louis-Seize
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - F. Macedo
- REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - G. Maresi
- IASMA - Centre for Technology Transfer, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - P.M. Martin-Sanchez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - L. Marvanová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A.M. Minnis
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA- Forest Service, One Gifford Pinochet Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - L.N. Morgado
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M.E. Noordeloos
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- CREM, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - P.G. Ryan
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - C. Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - W.J. Swart
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - J.B. Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - P.Q. Thu
- Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S.I.R. Videira
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - D.M. Walker
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
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Saiz-Jimenez C, Miller AZ, Martin-Sanchez PM, Hernandez-Marine M. Uncovering the origin of the black stains in Lascaux Cave in France. Environ Microbiol 2012; 14:3220-31. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC); Av. Reina Mercedes 10; 41012; Sevilla; Spain
| | - Ana Z. Miller
- Centro de Petrologia e Geoquímica; Instituto Superior Técnico; Av. Rovisco Pais; 1049-001; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC); Av. Reina Mercedes 10; 41012; Sevilla; Spain
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Villaverde J, Posada-Baquero R, Rubio-Bellido M, Laiz L, Saiz-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Trujillo MA, Morillo E. Enhanced mineralization of diuron using a cyclodextrin-based bioremediation technology. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9941-9947. [PMID: 22985203 DOI: 10.1021/jf3021909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phenylurea herbicide diuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] is widely used in a broad range of herbicide formulations and, consequently, it is frequently detected as a major soil and water contaminant in areas where there is extensive use. Diuron has the unfortunate combination of being strongly adsorbed by soil organic matter particles and, hence, slowly degraded in the environment due to its reduced bioavailability. N-Phenylurea herbicides seem to be biodegraded in soil, but it must be kept in mind that this biotic or abiotic degradation could lead to accumulation of very toxic derived compounds, such as 3,4-dichloroaniline. Research was conducted to find procedures that might result in an increase in the bioavailability of diuron in contaminated soils, through solubility enhancement. For this purpose a double system composed of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), which is capable of forming inclusion complexes in solution, and a two-member bacterial consortium formed by the diuron-degrading Arthrobacter sulfonivorans (Arthrobacter sp. N2) and the linuron-degrading Variovorax soli (Variovorax sp. SRS16) was used. This consortium can achieve a complete biodegradation of diuron to CO2 with regard to that observed in the absence of the CD solution, where only a 45% biodegradation was observed. The cyclodextrin-based bioremediation technology here described shows for the first time an almost complete mineralization of diuron in a soil system, in contrast to previous incomplete mineralization based on single or consortium bacterial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Villaverde
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS-CSIC) , Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Miller AZ, Sanmartín P, Pereira-Pardo L, Dionísio A, Saiz-Jimenez C, Macedo MF, Prieto B. Bioreceptivity of building stones: a review. Sci Total Environ 2012; 426:1-12. [PMID: 22534363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In 1995, Guillitte defined bioreceptivity, a new term in ecology, as the ability of a material to be colonized by living organisms. Information about the bioreceptivity of stone is of great importance since it will help us to understand the material properties which influence the development of biological colonization in the built environment, and will also provide useful information as regards selecting stones for the conservation of heritage monuments and construction of new buildings. Studies of the bioreceptivity of stone materials are reviewed here with the aim of providing a clear set of conclusions on the topic. Definitions of bioreceptivity are given, stone bioreceptivity experiments are described, and finally the stone properties related to bioreceptivity are discussed. We suggest that a standardized laboratory protocol for evaluating stone bioreceptivity and definition of a stone bioreceptivity index are required to enable creation of a database on the primary bioreceptivity of stone materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Miller
- Centro de Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Porca E, Pašić L, Jurado V, Hernandez-Marine M, Serrano-Ortiz P, Hermosin B, Cañaveras JC, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. The biogeochemical role of Actinobacteria in Altamira Cave, Spain. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 81:281-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Cuezva
- Laboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante; Spain
| | | | - Estefania Porca
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | - Lejla Pašić
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Laboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante; Spain
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42
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Martin-Sanchez PM, Nováková A, Bastian F, Alabouvette C, Saiz-Jimenez C. Two new species of the genus Ochroconis, O. lascauxensis and O. anomala isolated from black stains in Lascaux Cave, France. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:574-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Porca E, Jurado V, Žgur-Bertok D, Saiz-Jimenez C, Pašić L. Comparative analysis of yellow microbial communities growing on the walls of geographically distinct caves indicates a common core of microorganisms involved in their formation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 81:255-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Porca
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia; IRNAS-CSIC; Seville; Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia; IRNAS-CSIC; Seville; Spain
| | - Darja Žgur-Bertok
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | | | - Lejla Pašić
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana; Slovenia
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Nováková A, Hubka V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Kolarik M. Aspergillus baeticus sp. nov. and Aspergillus thesauricus sp. nov., two species in section Usti from Spanish caves. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2778-2785. [PMID: 22505602 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel species of Aspergillus that are clearly distinct from all known species in section Usti were revealed during a study of microfungal communities in Spanish caves. The novel species identified in this study and additional species of Aspergillus section Usti are associated with places and substrates related to human activities in caves. Novel species are described using data from four loci (ITS, benA, caM and rpb2), morphology and basic chemical and physiological analyses. Members of the species Aspergillus thesauricus sp. nov. were isolated from various substrates, including decaying organic matter, cave air and cave sediment of the Cueva del Tesoro Cave (the Treasure cave); the species is represented by twelve isolates and is most closely related to the recently described Aspergillus germanicus. Members of the species Aspergillus baeticus sp. nov. were isolated from cave sediment in the Gruta de las Maravillas Cave (the Grotto of the Marvels); the species is represented by two isolates. An additional isolate was found in the Cueva del Tesoro Cave and in the Demänovská Peace Cave (Slovakia), suggesting a potentially wide distribution of this micro-organism. The species is related to Aspergillus ustus and Aspergillus pseudoustus. Both species were unable to grow at 37 °C, and a weakly positive, light greenish yellow Ehrlich reaction was observed in A. thesauricus. Unique morphological features alone are sufficient to distinguish both species from related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Nováková
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre AS CR v.v.i., Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientíticas (CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolarik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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Martin-Sanchez PM, Nováková A, Bastian F, Alabouvette C, Saiz-Jimenez C. Use of biocides for the control of fungal outbreaks in subterranean environments: the case of the Lascaux Cave in France. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:3762-3770. [PMID: 22380699 DOI: 10.1021/es2040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Lascaux Cave in France suffered an outbreak of the fungus Fusarium solani in 2001. Biocides were applied for three years to control this outbreak. Four months after the initial biocide application, a new outbreak appeared in the form of black stains that progressively invaded the cave. The black stains on the ceiling and passage banks were so evident by 2007 that they became one of the cave's major problems. Therefore, biocides were used again in 2008. The present study investigated the fungal communities associated with the black stains and the effectiveness of the biocides applied, by using cloning, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and culture-dependent methods. A novel species, Ochroconis lascauxensis, was the most abundant fungus in samples collected between 2007 and 2008, and the biocides applied were not effective in eliminating this fungus; on the contrary, they appeared to increase the fungal diversity. The fungal communities represented in the samples collected in 2010 were quite different from those collected in 2008 and 2009: the major OTUs corresponded to black yeasts belonging to the Herpotrichiellaceae family. The origin and evolution of these microorganisms are probably linked to the intensive biocide treatments and to the anthropogenic changes introduced by cave management.
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46
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Trubetskoj OA, Trubetskaya OE, Afanasieva GV, Reznikova OI, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Tandem size exclusion chromatography-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.1998.3581610604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Saiz-Jimenez C, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Fernandez-Cortes A, Porca E, Benavente D, Canaveras JC, Sanchez-Moral S. Paleolithic Art in Peril: Policy and Science Collide at Altamira Cave. Science 2011; 334:42-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1206788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Sanchez-Moral S, Cañaveras JC, Porca E, Jurado V, Martin-Sanchez PM, Saiz-Jimenez C. Detection of human-induced environmental disturbances in a show cave. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011; 18:1037-1045. [PMID: 21553035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of human-induced disruption in a subterranean stable environment containing valuable Palaeolithic paintings and engravings (Ardales Cave, Southern Spain) using a double analytical approach. METHODS An environmental monitoring system was installed in the cave to record temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and radon ((222)Rn) concentrations in air. In the same stations, an aerobiological sampling was conducted to quantify the level of airborne microorganisms. RESULTS The combination of different methods allowed us to detect the extent of human-induced changes, confirming that these can be very hazardous in certain cave areas that should be apparently outside the scope of human disturbances, either by their remoteness to the visitor entrance or by being briefly visited. CONCLUSIONS The detection of evident anomalies in the environmental parameters and airborne microorganism concentration in the cave area housing the high density of paintings and engravings helps to control human disturbances and supports the direct application of this double approach for cave management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Cortes
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Jurado V, Laiz L, Ortiz-Martinez A, Groth I, Saiz-Jimenez C. Pseudokineococcus lusitanus gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of Kineococcus marinus Lee 2006 as Pseudokineococcus marinus comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:2515-2519. [PMID: 21112988 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.026195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, coccus-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain T2A-S27(T), was isolated from a roof tile in Oporto (Portugal) and studied using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate showed high similarity to that of Kineococcus marinus KST3-3(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity). Strain T2A-S27(T) showed lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other members of the genus Kineococcus and members of the family Kineosporiaceae (<94 %). A phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain T2A-S27(T) formed a coherent clade with the type strain of K. marinus and Quadrisphaera granulorum. The isolate was characterized by the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9(H(2)) as the predominant menaquinone and a polar lipid profile consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The fatty acid profile was dominated by anteiso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 76.9 mol%. The low level of DNA-DNA relatedness to K. marinus (46-47 %) and the results of the chemotaxonomic and physiological studies clearly distinguished strain T2A-S27(T) from recognized species of the genus Kineococcus. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits, strain T2A-S27(T) ( = LMG 24148(T) = CECT 7306(T) = DSM 23768(T)) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Kineosporiaceae, for which the name Pseudokineococcus lusitanus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The misclassified species K. marinus is transferred to the new genus as Pseudokineococcus marinus comb. nov. The type strain of Pseudokineococcus marinus is KST3-3(T) ( = KCCM 42250(T) = NRRL B-24439(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz-Martinez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ingrid Groth
- Hans-Knöll-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung e. V., D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Téllez-Castillo CJ, González Granda D, Bosch Alepuz M, Jurado Lobo V, Saiz-Jimenez C, Juan JL, Millán Soria J. Isolation of Aurantimonas altamirensis from pleural effusions. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1126-1129. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.019596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report two cases of isolation of Aurantimonas altamirensis from pleural fluid and blood. The strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A. altamirensis appears to be a rare pathogen involved in unusual infectious processes, and must be isolated and studied at the molecular level for correct clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Téllez-Castillo
- Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Servicio de Urgencias, Ctra Xàtiva-Silla km 17, 46800 Xativa, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damiana González Granda
- Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Servicio de Urgencias, Ctra Xàtiva-Silla km 17, 46800 Xativa, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Bosch Alepuz
- Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Servicio de Urgencias, Ctra Xàtiva-Silla km 17, 46800 Xativa, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado Lobo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avd. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avd. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Juan
- Instituto Valenciano de Microbiología, Masía El Romeral, Ctra Bétera San Antonio de Benagéber km 0.3, 46117 Betera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Millán Soria
- Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Servicio de Urgencias, Ctra Xàtiva-Silla km 17, 46800 Xativa, Valencia, Spain
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