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Liu J, Bennett D, Demuth M, Burchard E, Artlip T, Dardick C, Liu Z. euAP2a, a key gene that regulates flowering time in peach ( Prunus persica) by modulating thermo-responsive transcription programming. Hortic Res 2024; 11:uhae076. [PMID: 38752224 PMCID: PMC11091482 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Frequent spring frost damage threatens temperate fruit production, and breeding of late-flowering cultivars is an effective strategy for preventing such damage. However, this effort is often hampered by the lack of specific genes and markers and a lack of understanding of the mechanisms. We examined a Late-Flowering Peach (LFP) germplasm and found that its floral buds require a longer chilling period to release from their dormancy and a longer warming period to bloom than the control cultivar, two key characteristics associated with flowering time. We discovered that a 983-bp deletion in euAP2a, an APETALA2 (AP2)-related gene with known roles in regulating floral organ identity and flowering time, was primarily responsible for late flowering in LFP. This deletion disrupts an miR172 binding site, resulting in a gain-of-function mutation in euAP2a. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that at different stages of floral development, two chilling-responsive modules and four warm-responsive modules, comprising approximately 600 genes, were sequentially activated, forming a unique transcription programming. Furthermore, we found that euAP2a was transiently downregulated during the activation of these thermal-responsive modules at various stages. However, the loss of such transient, stage-specific downregulation of euAP2a caused by the deletion of miR172 binding sites resulted in the deactivation or delay of these modules in the LFP flower buds, suggesting that euAP2a acts as a transcription repressor to control floral developmental pace in peaches by modulating the thermo-responsive transcription programming. The findings shed light on the mechanisms behind late flowering in deciduous fruit trees, which is instrumental for breeding frost-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Dennis Bennett
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Mark Demuth
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Erik Burchard
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Tim Artlip
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Zongrang Liu
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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2
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Rogers EE, Stone AL, Burchard E, Sherman DJ, Dardick C. Almond can be infected by Plum Pox Virus-D isolate Penn4 and is a transmission-competent host. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38372721 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1910-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
While currently eradicated from the U.S., Plum pox virus (PPV) poses an ongoing threat to U.S. stone fruit production. Although almond (Prunus dulcis) is known to be largely resistant to PPV, there is conflicting evidence about its potential to serve as an asymptomatic reservoir host for the virus and thus serve as a potential route of entry. Here, we demonstrate that both Tuono and Texas Mission cultivars can be infected by the U.S. isolate PPV-D Penn4 and that Tuono is a transmission-competent host, capable of serving as a source of inoculum for aphid transmission of the virus. These findings have important implications for efforts to keep PPV out of the U.S. and highlights the need for additional research to test the susceptibility of almond to other PPV-D isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Rogers
- US Department of Agriculture Research Education and Economics, 17139, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, Maryland, United States;
| | - Andrew L Stone
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, ARS, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States;
| | - Erik Burchard
- US Department of Agriculture Research Education and Economics, 17139, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States;
| | - Diana J Sherman
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, ARS, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States;
| | - Chris Dardick
- US Department of Agriculture Research Education and Economics, 17139, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States;
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3
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Kangben F, Kumar S, Li Z, Sreedasyam A, Dardick C, Jones D, Saski CA. Phylogenetic and functional analysis of tiller angle control homeologs in allotetraploid cotton. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1320638. [PMID: 38356867 PMCID: PMC10864623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1320638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plants can adapt their growth to optimize light capture in competitive environments, with branch angle being a crucial factor influencing plant phenotype and physiology. Decreased branch angles in cereal crops have been shown to enhance productivity in high-density plantings. The Tiller Angle Control (TAC1) gene, known for regulating tiller inclination in rice and corn, has been found to control branch angle in eudicots. Manipulating TAC1 in field crops like cotton offers the potential for improving crop productivity. Methods Using a homolog-based methodology, we examined the distribution of TAC1-related genes in cotton compared to other angiosperms. Furthermore, tissue-specific qPCR analysis unveiled distinct expression patterns of TAC1 genes in various cotton tissues. To silence highly expressed specific TAC1 homeologs in the stem, we applied CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, followed by genotyping and subsequent phenotypic validation of the mutants. Results Gene duplication events of TAC1 specific to the Gossypium lineage were identified, with 3 copies in diploid progenitors and 6 copies in allotetraploid cottons. Sequence analysis of the TAC1 homeologs in Gossypium hirsutum revealed divergence from other angiosperms with 1-2 copies, suggesting possible neo- or sub-functionalization for the duplicated copies. These TAC1 homeologs exhibited distinct gene expression patterns in various tissues over developmental time, with elevated expression of A11G109300 and D11G112200, specifically in flowers and stems, respectively. CRISPR-mediated loss of these TAC1 homeologous genes resulted in a reduction in branch angle and altered petiole angles, and a 5 to 10-fold reduction in TAC1 expression in the mutants, confirming their role in controlling branch and petiole angles. This research provides a promising strategy for genetically engineering branch and petiole angles in commercial cotton varieties, potentially leading to increased productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foster Kangben
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Sonika Kumar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Avinash Sreedasyam
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Don Jones
- Department of Agricultural Research, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, United States
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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Waite JM, Hollender CA, Eilers JR, Burchard E, Dardick C. Peach LAZY1 and DRO1 protein-protein interactions and co-expression with PRAF/RLD family support conserved gravity-related protein interactions across plants. MicroPubl Biol 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.000995. [PMID: 38287925 PMCID: PMC10823791 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
IGT/LAZY proteins play a central role in determining gravitropic set point angle and orientation of lateral organs across plant species. Recent work in model systems has demonstrated that interactions between IGT/LAZY proteins and BREVIS RADIX (BRX)-domain containing proteins, such as PH, RCC1, AND FYVE/RCC1-LIKE DOMAIN (PRAF/RLD), and BREVIS RADIX LIKE (BRXL) family members, are mechanistically important for setting gravitropic set point angle. Here, we identified peach PRAF/RLD proteins as interactors of the peach IGT/LAZY proteins PpeLAZY1 and DEEPER ROOTING 1 (PpeDRO1) from a yeast-two-hybrid screen. We also show that the BRX domains of these interacting proteins have high sequence similarity with PRAF/RLD and BRX family proteins from rice and Arabidopsis. Further, PpeLAZY1 and the peach PRAF/RLD interactors are all expressed at relatively high levels in leaf, meristem, and shoot tip tissues. Together, this evidence supports the importance and conservation of IGT/LAZY-BRX-domain interactions, which underlie setting gravitropic set point angle across angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon R. Eilers
- USDA ARS Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA
| | - Erik Burchard
- USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV
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5
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Zhou J, Li M, Li Y, Xiao Y, Luo X, Gao S, Ma Z, Sadowski N, Timp W, Dardick C, Callahan A, Mount SM, Liu Z. Comparison of red raspberry and wild strawberry fruits reveals mechanisms of fruit type specification. Plant Physiol 2023; 193:1016-1035. [PMID: 37440715 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Belonging to Rosaceae, red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) are closely related species with distinct fruit types. While the numerous ovaries become the juicy drupelet fruits in raspberry, their strawberry counterparts become dry and tasteless achenes. In contrast, while the strawberry receptacle, the stem tip, enlarges to become a red fruit, the raspberry receptacle shrinks and dries. The distinct fruit-forming ability of homologous organs in these 2 species allows us to investigate fruit type determination. We assembled and annotated the genome of red raspberry (R. idaeus) and characterized its fruit development morphologically and physiologically. Subsequently, transcriptomes of dissected and staged raspberry fruit tissues were compared to those of strawberry from a prior study. Class B MADS box gene expression was negatively associated with fruit-forming ability, which suggested a conserved inhibitory role of class B heterodimers, PISTILLATA/TM6 or PISTILLATA/APETALA3, for fruit formation. Additionally, the inability of strawberry ovaries to develop into fruit flesh was associated with highly expressed lignification genes and extensive lignification of the ovary pericarp. Finally, coexpressed gene clusters preferentially expressed in the dry strawberry achenes were enriched in "cell wall biosynthesis" and "ABA signaling," while coexpressed clusters preferentially expressed in the fleshy raspberry drupelets were enriched in "protein translation." Our work provides extensive genomic resources as well as several potential mechanisms underlying fruit type specification. These findings provide the framework for understanding the evolution of different fruit types, a defining feature of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yongping Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shenglan Gao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Ann Callahan
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Stephen M Mount
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Hepler JR, Cooper WR, Cullum JP, Dardick C, Dardick L, Nixon LJ, Pouchnik DJ, Raupp MJ, Shrewsbury P, Leskey TC. Do adult Magicicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) feed? Historical perspectives and evidence from molecular gut content analysis. J Insect Sci 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 37850668 PMCID: PMC10583540 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada are remarkable for their unusual life histories and dramatic synchronized emergences every 13 or 17 years. While aspects of their evolution, mating behaviors, and general biology have been well-characterized, there is surprising uncertainty surrounding the feeding habits of the short-lived adult stage. Despite a tentative scientific consensus to the contrary, the perception that adult Magicicada do not feed has persisted among the general public, and recent studies are lacking. We directly investigated the feeding behavior of Magicicada spp. through high-throughput sequencing (HTS)-based dietary analysis of nymphs, freshly molted (teneral) adults, and fully sclerotized adults collected from orchard and wooded habitats during the 2021 emergence of Brood X. Identifiable plant DNA (trnF, ITS amplicons) was successfully recovered from nymphs and adults. No plant DNA was recovered from teneral adults, suggesting that all DNA recovered from sclerotized adults was ingested during the post-teneral adult stage. Both nymphs and adults were found to have ingested a range of woody and herbaceous plants across 17 genera and 14 families. Significantly more plant genera per individual were recovered from adults than from nymphs, likely reflecting the greater mobility of the adult stage. We hypothesize that the demonstrated ingestion of plant sap by Magicicada adults is driven by a need to replace lost water and support specialized bacteriome-dwelling endosymbionts that cicadas depend upon for growth and development, which constitutes true feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hepler
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - W Rodney Cooper
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - John P Cullum
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Liam Dardick
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Laura J Nixon
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Derek J Pouchnik
- Laboratory for Biotechnology and Bioanalysis, Washington State University, 227 Biotechnology/Life Sciences Building, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Michael J Raupp
- Entomology Department, University of Maryland, Plant Sciences Building, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Paula Shrewsbury
- Entomology Department, University of Maryland, Plant Sciences Building, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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Li M, Galimba K, Xiao Y, Dardick C, Mount SM, Callahan A, Liu Z. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of apple and peach fruits: insights into fruit type specification. Plant J 2022; 109:1614-1629. [PMID: 34905278 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruits represent key evolutionary innovations in angiosperms and exhibit diverse types adapted for seed dissemination. However, the mechanisms that underlie fruit type diversity are not understood. The Rosaceae family comprises many different fruit types, including 'pome' and 'drupe' fruits, and hence is an excellent family for investigating the genetic basis of fruit type specification. Using comparative transcriptomics, we investigated the molecular events that correlate with pome (apple) and drupe (peach) fleshy fruit development, focusing on the earliest stages of fruit initiation. We identified PI and TM6, MADS box genes whose expression negatively correlates with fruit flesh-forming tissues irrespective of fruit type. In addition, the MADS box gene FBP9 is expressed in fruit-forming tissues in both species, and was lost multiple times in the genomes of dry-fruit-forming eudicots including Arabidopsis. Network analysis reveals co-expression between FBP9 and photosynthesis genes in both apple and peach, suggesting that FBP9 and photosynthesis may both promote fleshy fruit development. The large transcriptomic datasets at the earliest stages of pome and drupe fruit development provide rich resources for comparative studies, and the work provides important insights into fruit-type specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey Galimba
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Stephen M Mount
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ann Callahan
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Montesinos Á, Dardick C, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252001. [PMID: 34644299 PMCID: PMC8513883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Singh K, Callahan AM, Smith BJ, Malinowski T, Scorza R, Jarošová J, Beoni E, Polák J, Kundu JK, Dardick C. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of RNAi-Mediated Virus Resistance in 'HoneySweet' Plum. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:726881. [PMID: 34712254 PMCID: PMC8546108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfering RNA technology has been established as an effective strategy to protect plants against viral infection. Despite this success, interfering RNA (RNAi) has rarely been applied due to the regulatory barriers that confront genetically engineered plants and concerns over possible environmental and health risks posed by non-endogenous small RNAs. 'HoneySweet' was developed as a virus-resistant plum variety that is protected by an RNAi-mediated process against Sharka disease caused by the plum pox virus. 'HoneySweet' has been approved for cultivation in the United States but not in countries where the plum pox virus is endemic. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of virus resistance in 'HoneySweet,' the nature and stability of its sRNA profile, and the potential health risks of consuming 'HoneySweet' plums. Graft-challenged 'HoneySweet' trees carrying large non-transgenic infected limbs remained virus-free after more than 10 years in the field, and the viral sequences from the non-transgenic infected limbs showed no evidence of adaptation to the RNAi-based resistance. Small RNA profiling revealed that transgene-derived sRNA levels were stable across different environments and, on average, were more than 10 times lower than those present in symptom-less fruits from virus-infected trees. Comprehensive 90-day mouse feeding studies showed no adverse health impacts in mice, and there was no evidence for potential siRNA off-target pathologies predicted by comparisons of the most abundant transgene-derived sRNAs to the mouse genome. Collectively, the data confirmed that RNAi provides a highly effective, stable, and safe strategy to combat virus diseases in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant Singh
- Innovative Fruit Production, Improvement and Protection, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ann M. Callahan
- Innovative Fruit Production, Improvement and Protection, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Tadeusz Malinowski
- Innovative Fruit Production, Improvement and Protection, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
- The National Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Ralph Scorza
- Innovative Fruit Production, Improvement and Protection, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Jana Jarošová
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Beoni
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Polák
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris Dardick
- Innovative Fruit Production, Improvement and Protection, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
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10
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Ravelonandro M, Briard P, Scorza R, Callahan A, Zagrai I, Kundu JK, Dardick C. Robust Response to Plum pox virus Infection via Plant Biotechnology. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060816. [PMID: 34071769 PMCID: PMC8227089 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to target silencing of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV CP) gene independently expressed in plants. Clone C-2 is a transgenic plum expressing CP. We introduced and verified, in planta, the effects of the inverse repeat of CP sequence split by a hairpin (IRSH) that was characterized in the HoneySweet plum. The IRSH construct was driven by two CaMV35S promoter sequences flanking the CP sequence and had been introduced into C1738 plum. To determine if this structure was enough to induce silencing, cross-hybridization was made with the C1738 clone and the CP expressing but PPV-susceptible C2 clone. In total, 4 out of 63 clones were silenced. While introduction of the IRSH is reduced due to the heterozygous character in C1738 plum, the silencing induced by the IRSH PPV CP is robust. Extensive studies, in greenhouse containment, demonstrated that the genetic resource of C1738 clone can silence the CP production. In addition, these were verified through the virus transgene pyramiding in the BO70146 BlueByrd cv. plum that successfully produced resistant BlueByrd BO70146 × C1738 (HybC1738) hybrid plums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ravelonandro
- UMR-BFP-1332, INRAE-Bordeaux, Bordeaux-UniversityII, 71 Avenue Bourleaux, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pascal Briard
- UMR-BFP-1332, INRAE-Bordeaux, Bordeaux-UniversityII, 71 Avenue Bourleaux, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Ralph Scorza
- USDA-ARS Fruit Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (R.S.); (A.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Ann Callahan
- USDA-ARS Fruit Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (R.S.); (A.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Ioan Zagrai
- Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrita, Drumul Dumitrei Nou street, 420127 Bistrita, Romania;
| | - Jiban K. Kundu
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 161 06 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Fruit Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (R.S.); (A.C.); (C.D.)
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11
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Zhu H, Chen PY, Zhong S, Dardick C, Callahan A, An YQ, van Knocker S, Yang Y, Zhong GY, Abbott A, Liu Z. Thermal-responsive genetic and epigenetic regulation of DAM cluster controlling dormancy and chilling requirement in peach floral buds. Hortic Res 2020; 7:114. [PMID: 32821397 PMCID: PMC7395172 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) gene cluster in peach serves as a key regulatory hub on which the seasonal temperatures act and orchestrate dormancy onset and exit, chilling response and floral bud developmental pace. Yet, how different temperature regimes interact with and regulate the six linked DAM genes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that chilling downregulates DAM1 and DAM3-6 in dormant floral buds with distinct patterns and identify DAM4 as the most abundantly expressed one. We reveal multiple epigenetic events, with tri-methyl histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) induced by chilling specifically in DAM1 and DAM5, a 21-nt sRNA in DAM3 and a ncRNA induced in DAM4. Such induction is inversely correlated with downregulation of their cognate DAMs. We also show that the six DAMs were hypermethylated, associating with the production of 24-nt sRNAs. Hence, the chilling-responsive dynamic of the different epigenetic elements and their interactions likely define distinct expression abundance and downregulation pattern of each DAM. We further show that the expression of the five DAMs remains steadily unchanged or continuously downregulated at the ensuing warm temperature after chilling, and this state of regulation correlates with robust increase of sRNA expression, H3K27me3 and CHH methylation, which is particularly pronounced in DAM4. Such robust increase of repressive epigenetic marks may irreversibly reinforce the chilling-imposed repression of DAMs to ensure flower-developmental programming free from any residual DAM inhibition. Taken together, we reveal novel information about genetic and epigenetic regulation of the DAM cluster in peach, which will be of fundamental significance in understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying chilling requirement and dormancy release, and of practical application for improvement of plasticity of flower time and bud break in fruit trees to adapt changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Silin Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Ann Callahan
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Yong-Qiang An
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Steve van Knocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48834 USA
| | - Yingzhen Yang
- USDA-ARS, Grape Genetic Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-ARS, Grape Genetic Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - Albert Abbott
- Forest Health Research and Education Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| | - Zongrang Liu
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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12
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Ricci A, Sabbadini S, Prieto H, Padilla IM, Dardick C, Li Z, Scorza R, Limera C, Mezzetti B, Perez-Jimenez M, Burgos L, Petri C. Genetic Transformation in Peach ( Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E971. [PMID: 32752031 PMCID: PMC7465125 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ricci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11610, Chile
| | - Isabel Mg Padilla
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, Grupo de Morfogénesis y Modificación Genética, IFAPA-Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Málaga, Spain
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Zhijian Li
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Ralph Scorza
- Ralph Scorza LLC, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Consulting Services, P.O. Box 1191, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA
| | - Cecilia Limera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Margarita Perez-Jimenez
- Mejora Genética de Cítricos, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (IMIDA), C/ Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Burgos
- Departamento de Mejora Vegetal, Grupo de Biotecnología de Frutales, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cesar Petri
- Departamento de Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Avenida Dr. Wienberg, s/n. 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
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13
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Waite JM, Collum TD, Dardick C. AtDRO1 is nuclear localized in root tips under native conditions and impacts auxin localization. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 103:197-210. [PMID: 32130643 PMCID: PMC7170825 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) contributes to the downward gravitropic growth trajectory of roots upstream of lateral auxin transport in monocots and dicots. Loss of DRO1 function leads to horizontally oriented lateral roots and altered gravitropic set point angle, while loss of all three DRO family members results in upward, vertical root growth. Here, we attempt to dissect the roles of AtDRO1 by analyzing expression, protein localization, auxin gradient formation, and auxin responsiveness in the atdro1 mutant. Current evidence suggests AtDRO1 is predominantly a membrane-localized protein. Here we show that VENUS-tagged AtDRO1 driven by the native AtDRO1 promoter complemented an atdro1 Arabidopsis mutant and the protein was localized in root tips and detectable in nuclei. atdro1 primary and lateral roots showed impairment in establishing an auxin gradient upon gravistimulation as visualized with DII-VENUS, a sensor for auxin signaling and proxy for relative auxin distribution. Additionally, PIN3 domain localization was not significantly altered upon gravistimulation in atdro1 primary and lateral roots. RNA-sequencing revealed differential expression of known root development-related genes in atdro1 mutants. atdro1 lateral roots were able to respond to exogenous auxin and AtDRO1 gene expression levels in root tips were unaffected by the addition of auxin. Collectively, the data suggest that nuclear localization may be important for AtDRO1 function and suggests a more nuanced role for DRO1 in regulating auxin-mediated changes in lateral branch angle. KEY MESSAGE: DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) when expressed from its native promoter is predominately localized in Arabidopsis root tips, detectable in nuclei, and impacts auxin gradient formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Waite
- Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Tamara D Collum
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
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14
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Singh K, Dardick C, Kumar Kundu J. RNAi-Mediated Resistance Against Viruses in Perennial Fruit Plants. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8100359. [PMID: 31546695 PMCID: PMC6843808 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 20–30-nucleotide-long, regulatory, noncoding RNAs that induce silencing of target genes at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. They are key components for cellular functions during plant development, hormone signaling, and stress responses. Generated from the cleavage of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or RNAs with hairpin structures by Dicer-like proteins (DCLs), they are loaded onto Argonaute (AGO) protein complexes to induce gene silencing of their complementary targets by promoting messenger RNA (mRNA) cleavage or degradation, translation inhibition, DNA methylation, and/or histone modifications. This mechanism of regulating RNA activity, collectively referred to as RNA interference (RNAi), which is an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes. Plant RNAi pathways play a fundamental role in plant immunity against viruses and have been exploited via genetic engineering to control disease. Plant viruses of RNA origin that contain double-stranded RNA are targeted by the RNA-silencing machinery to produce virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs). Some vsRNAs serve as an effector to repress host immunity by capturing host RNAi pathways. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) strategies have been used to identify endogenous sRNA profiles, the “sRNAome”, and analyze expression in various perennial plants. Therefore, the review examines the current knowledge of sRNAs in perennial plants and fruits, describes the development and implementation of RNA interference (RNAi) in providing resistance against economically important viruses, and explores sRNA targets that are important in regulating a variety of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant Singh
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague 161 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague 161 06, Czech Republic.
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15
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Salojärvi J, Smolander OP, Nieminen K, Rajaraman S, Safronov O, Safdari P, Lamminmäki A, Immanen J, Lan T, Tanskanen J, Rastas P, Amiryousefi A, Jayaprakash B, Kammonen JI, Hagqvist R, Eswaran G, Ahonen VH, Serra JA, Asiegbu FO, de Dios Barajas-Lopez J, Blande D, Blokhina O, Blomster T, Broholm S, Brosché M, Cui F, Dardick C, Ehonen SE, Elomaa P, Escamez S, Fagerstedt KV, Fujii H, Gauthier A, Gollan PJ, Halimaa P, Heino PI, Himanen K, Hollender C, Kangasjärvi S, Kauppinen L, Kelleher CT, Kontunen-Soppela S, Koskinen JP, Kovalchuk A, Kärenlampi SO, Kärkönen AK, Lim KJ, Leppälä J, Macpherson L, Mikola J, Mouhu K, Mähönen AP, Niinemets Ü, Oksanen E, Overmyer K, Palva ET, Pazouki L, Pennanen V, Puhakainen T, Poczai P, Possen BJHM, Punkkinen M, Rahikainen MM, Rousi M, Ruonala R, van der Schoot C, Shapiguzov A, Sierla M, Sipilä TP, Sutela S, Teeri TH, Tervahauta AI, Vaattovaara A, Vahala J, Vetchinnikova L, Welling A, Wrzaczek M, Xu E, Paulin LG, Schulman AH, Lascoux M, Albert VA, Auvinen P, Helariutta Y, Kangasjärvi J. Author Correction: Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1187-1189. [PMID: 31197270 PMCID: PMC8076037 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Salojärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sitaram Rajaraman
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Omid Safronov
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pezhman Safdari
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Airi Lamminmäki
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Immanen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tianying Lan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jaakko Tanskanen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Amiryousefi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute of Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhana I Kammonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Hagqvist
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Haapastensyrjä, Läyliäinen, Finland
| | - Gugan Eswaran
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viivi Helena Ahonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Environment Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juan Alonso Serra
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Daniel Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Blomster
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Broholm
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Forest Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearnysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sanna E Ehonen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Elomaa
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sacha Escamez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kurt V Fagerstedt
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroaki Fujii
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unité AGRI'TERR, UniLaSalle, Campus de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka I Heino
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Courtney Hollender
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearnysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leila Kauppinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Colin T Kelleher
- DBN Plant Molecular Laboratory, National Botanic Gardens of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Patrik Koskinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andriy Kovalchuk
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa O Kärenlampi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna K Kärkönen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Leppälä
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lee Macpherson
- Department of Haemato-oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juha Mikola
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Mouhu
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Tapio Palva
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ville Pennanen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Puhakainen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Péter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Boy J H M Possen
- Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.,Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matleena Punkkinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Moona M Rahikainen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Rousi
- Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raili Ruonala
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Agricultural and Food Science/Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, Lemu, Finland
| | | | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maija Sierla
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo P Sipilä
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sutela
- Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja I Tervahauta
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aleksia Vaattovaara
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Vahala
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lidia Vetchinnikova
- Forest Research Institute Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Annikki Welling
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Royal Haskoning DHV, Maastricht Airport, Beek, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enjun Xu
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars G Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Li ZT, Janisiewicz WJ, Liu Z, Callahan AM, Evans BE, Jurick WM, Dardick C. Exposure in vitro to an Environmentally Isolated Strain TC09 of Cladosporium sphaerospermum Triggers Plant Growth Promotion, Early Flowering, and Fruit Yield Increase. Front Plant Sci 2019; 9:1959. [PMID: 30774644 PMCID: PMC6367233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of bacteria and fungi have been found to promote plant growth through mutualistic interactions involving elements such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we report the identification of an environmentally isolated strain of Cladosporium sphaerospermum (herein named TC09), that substantially enhances plant growth after exposure in vitro beyond what has previously been reported. When cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under in vitro conditions, tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabacum) exposed to TC09 cultures for 20 days increased stem height and whole plant biomass up to 25- and 15-fold, respectively, over controls without exposure. TC09-mediated growth promotion required >5 g/L sucrose in the plant culture medium and was influenced by the duration of exposure ranging from one to 10 days, beyond which no differences were detected. When transplanted to soil under greenhouse conditions, TC09-exposed tobacco plants retained higher rates of growth. Comparative transcriptome analyses using tobacco seedlings exposed to TC09 for 10 days uncovered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with diverse biological processes including cell expansion and cell cycle, photosynthesis, phytohormone homeostasis and defense responses. To test the potential efficacy of TC09-mediated growth promotion on agricultural productivity, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) of two different varieties, Cayenne and Minisweet, were pre-exposed to TC09 and planted in the greenhouse to monitor growth, flowering, and fruit production. Results showed that treated pepper plants flowered 20 days earlier and yielded up to 213% more fruit than untreated controls. Altogether the data suggest that exposure of young plants to C. sphaerospermum produced VOCs may provide a useful tool to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian T. Li
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Wojciech J. Janisiewicz
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Zongrang Liu
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Ann M. Callahan
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Breyn E. Evans
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Wayne M. Jurick
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
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17
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Zhebentyayeva T, Shankar V, Scorza R, Callahan A, Ravelonandro M, Castro S, DeJong T, Saski CA, Dardick C. Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica (plum) germplasm using sequence-based genotyping. Hortic Res 2019; 6:12. [PMID: 30603097 PMCID: PMC6312543 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prunus domestica commonly known as European plum is a hexaploid fruit tree species cultivated around the world. Locally it is used for fresh consumption, in jams or jellies, and the production of spirits while commercially the fruit is primarily sold dried (prunes). Despite its agricultural importance and long history of cultivation, many questions remain about the origin of this species, the relationships among its many pomological types, and its underlying genetics. Here, we used a sequence-based genotyping approach to characterize worldwide plum germplasm including the potential progenitor Eurasian plum species. Analysis of 405 DNA samples established a set of four clades consistent with the pomological groups Greengages, Mirabelles, European plums, and d'Agen (French) prune plums. A number of cultivars from each clade were identified as likely clonal selections, particularly among the "French" type prune germplasm that is widely cultivated today. Overall, there was relatively low genetic diversity across all cultivated plums suggesting they have been largely inbred and/or derived from a limited number of founders. The results agree with P. domestica having originated as an interspecific hybrid of a diploid P. cerasifera and a tetraploid P. spinosa that itself may have been an interspecific hybrid of P. cerasifera and an unknown Eurasian plum species. The low genetic diversity and lack of true wild-types coupled with the known cultivation history of Eurasian plums imply that P. domestica may have been a product of inter-specific cross breeding and artificial selection by early agrarian Eurasian societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Zhebentyayeva
- The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802 USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Ralph Scorza
- USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Ann Callahan
- USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Michel Ravelonandro
- UMR BFP1332 - INRA-Bordeaux, Bordeaux II University, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sarah Castro
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Theodore DeJong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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18
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Galimba KD, Bullock DG, Dardick C, Liu Z, Callahan AM. Gibberellic acid induced parthenocarpic 'Honeycrisp' apples ( Malus domestica) exhibit reduced ovary width and lower acidity. Hortic Res 2019; 6:41. [PMID: 30962935 PMCID: PMC6441655 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set and development are dependent on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin, which cause parthenocarpic development in many species when applied ectopically. Commercial sprays containing these hormones are used to improve apple fruit set, size, and shape, but have been implicated negatively in other aspects of fruit quality. We applied gibberellic acid (GA3), synthetic auxin (NAA), and the auxin-transport inhibitor NPA to 'Honeycrisp' apple flowers. Fruit retention and size were quantified throughout development, and seed number and fruit quality parameters were measured at maturity. GA3 alone caused the development of seedless parthenocarpic apples. At maturity, GA3-treated apples were narrower due to reduced ovary width, indicating that GA3 induced normal growth of the hypanthium, but not the ovary. GA3-treated fruits were also less acidic than hand-pollinated controls, but had similar firmness, starch, and sugar content. To further understand the regulation of parthenocarpy, we performed tissue-specific transcriptome analysis on GA3-treated, NAA-treated, and control fruits, at 18 days after treatment and again at maturity. Overall, transcriptome analysis showed GA3-treated and hand-pollinated fruits were highly similar in RNA expression profiles. Early expression differences in putative cell division, cytokinin degradation, and cell wall modification genes in GA3-treated ovaries correlated with the observed shape differences, while early expression differences in the acidity gene Ma1 may be responsible for the changes in pH. Taken together, our results indicate that GA3 triggers the development of parthenocarpic apple fruit with morphological deviations that correlate with a number of candidate gene expression differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D. Galimba
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Daniel G. Bullock
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Ann M. Callahan
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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19
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Waite JM, Dardick C. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 modulates plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:4935-4944. [PMID: 30099502 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light serves as an important environmental cue in regulating plant architecture. Previous work had demonstrated that both photoreceptor-mediated signaling and photosynthesis play a role in determining the orientation of plant organs. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) was recently shown to function in setting the orientation of lateral branches in diverse plant species, but the degree to which it plays a role in light-mediated phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TAC1 expression was light dependent, as expression was lost under continuous dark or far-red growth conditions, but did not drop to these low levels during a diurnal time course. Loss of TAC1 in the dark was gradual, and experiments with photoreceptor mutants indicated this was not dependent upon red/far-red or blue light signaling, but partially required the signaling integrator CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1). Overexpression of TAC1 partially prevented the narrowing of branch angles in the dark or under far-red light. Treatment with the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon or the PSII inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) led to loss of TAC1 expression similar to dark or far-red conditions, but expression increased in response to the PSI inhibitor paraquat. Treatment of adult plants with norflurazon resulted in upward growth angle of branch tips. Our results indicate that TAC1 plays an important role in modulating plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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20
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Petri C, Alburquerque N, Faize M, Scorza R, Dardick C. Current achievements and future directions in genetic engineering of European plum (Prunus domestica L.). Transgenic Res 2018; 27:225-240. [PMID: 29651659 PMCID: PMC5986827 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In most woody fruit species, transformation and regeneration are difficult. However, European plum (Prunus domestica) has been shown to be amenable to genetic improvement technologies from classical hybridization, to genetic engineering, to rapid cycle crop breeding ('FasTrack' breeding). Since the first report on European plum transformation with marker genes in the early 90 s, numerous manuscripts have been published reporting the generation of new clones with agronomically interesting traits, such as pests, diseases and/or abiotic stress resistance, shorter juvenile period, dwarfing, continuous flowering, etc. This review focuses on the main advances in genetic transformation of European plum achieved to date, and the lines of work that are converting genetic engineering into a contemporary breeding tool for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Petri
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, UPCT, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nuria Alburquerque
- Departamento de Mejora Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Ralph Scorza
- Ag Biotech and Plant Breeding Consulting Services, Ralph Scorza LLC, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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21
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Hollender CA, Pascal T, Tabb A, Hadiarto T, Srinivasan C, Wang W, Liu Z, Scorza R, Dardick C. Loss of a highly conserved sterile alpha motif domain gene ( WEEP) results in pendulous branch growth in peach trees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4690-E4699. [PMID: 29712856 PMCID: PMC5960274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704515115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant shoots typically grow upward in opposition to the pull of gravity. However, exceptions exist throughout the plant kingdom. Most conspicuous are trees with weeping or pendulous branches. While such trees have long been cultivated and appreciated for their ornamental value, the molecular basis behind the weeping habit is not known. Here, we characterized a weeping tree phenotype in Prunus persica (peach) and identified the underlying genetic mutation using a genomic sequencing approach. Weeping peach tree shoots exhibited a downward elliptical growth pattern and did not exhibit an upward bending in response to 90° reorientation. The causative allele was found to be an uncharacterized gene, Ppa013325, having a 1.8-Kb deletion spanning the 5' end. This gene, dubbed WEEP, was predominantly expressed in phloem tissues and encodes a highly conserved 129-amino acid protein containing a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Silencing WEEP in the related tree species Prunus domestica (plum) resulted in more outward, downward, and wandering shoot orientations compared to standard trees, supporting a role for WEEP in directing lateral shoot growth in trees. This previously unknown regulator of branch orientation, which may also be a regulator of gravity perception or response, provides insights into our understanding of how tree branches grow in opposition to gravity and could serve as a critical target for manipulating tree architecture for improved tree shape in agricultural and horticulture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Hollender
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Thierry Pascal
- Unité Génétique et Amélioration de Fruits et Légumes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 84140 Montfavet, France
| | - Amy Tabb
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430
| | - Toto Hadiarto
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB Biogen), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Chinnathambi Srinivasan
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ralph Scorza
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430;
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22
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Hollender CA, Waite JM, Tabb A, Raines D, Chinnithambi S, Dardick C. Alteration of TAC1 expression in Prunus species leads to pleiotropic shoot phenotypes. Hortic Res 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29736251 PMCID: PMC5928093 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prunus persica (peach) trees carrying the "Pillar" or "Broomy" trait (br) have vertically oriented branches caused by loss-of-function mutations in a gene called TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1). TAC1 encodes a protein in the IGT gene family that includes LAZY1 and DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1), which regulate lateral branch and root orientations, respectively. Here we found that some of the native TAC1 alleles in the hexaploid plum species Prunus domestica, which has a naturally more upright stature, contained a variable length trinucleotide repeat within the same exon 3 region previously found to be disrupted in pillar peach trees. RNAi silencing of TAC1 in plum resulted in trees with severely vertical branch orientations similar to those in pillar peaches but with an even narrower profile. In contrast, PpeTAC1 overexpression in plum led to trees with wider branch angles and more horizontal branch orientations. Pillar peach trees and transgenic plum lines exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, including differences in trunk and branch diameter, stem growth, and twisting branch phenotypes. Expression profiling of pillar peach trees revealed differential expression of numerous genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress, hormone responses, plastids, reactive oxygen, secondary, and cell wall metabolism. Collectively, the data provide important clues for understanding TAC1 function and show that alteration of TAC1 expression may have broad applicability to agricultural and ornamental tree industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Hollender
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
- Present Address: Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jessica M. Waite
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Amy Tabb
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Doug Raines
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | | | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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23
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Dougherty L, Singh R, Brown S, Dardick C, Xu K. Exploring DNA variant segregation types in pooled genome sequencing enables effective mapping of weeping trait in Malus. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1499-1516. [PMID: 29361034 PMCID: PMC5888915 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To unlock the power of next generation sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis in allele discovery in out-crossing woody species, and to understand the genetic control of the weeping trait, an F1 population from the cross 'Cheal's Weeping' × 'Evereste' was used to create two genomic DNA pools 'weeping' (17 progeny) and 'standard' (16 progeny). Illumina pair-end (2 × 151 bp) sequencing of the pools to a 27.1× (weeping) and a 30.4× (standard) genome (742.3 Mb) coverage allowed detection of 84562 DNA variants specific to 'weeping', 92148 specific to 'standard', and 173169 common to both pools. A detailed analysis of the DNA variant genotypes in the pools predicted three informative segregation types of variants: (type I) in weeping pool-specific variants, and (type II) and (type III) in variants common to both pools, where the first allele is assumed to be weeping linked and the allele shown in bold is a variant in relation to the reference genome. Conducting variant allele frequency and density-based mappings revealed four genomic regions with a significant association with weeping: a major locus, Weeping (W), on chromosome 13 and others on chromosomes 10 (W2), 16 (W3), and 5 (W4). The results from type I variants were noisier and less certain than those from type II and type III variants, demonstrating that although type I variants are often the first choice, type II and type III variants represent an important source of DNA variants that can be exploited for genetic mapping in out-crossing woody species. Confirmation of the mapping of W and W2, investigation into their genetic interactions, and identification of expressed genes in the W and W2 regions provided insight into the genetic control of weeping and its expressivity in Malus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dougherty
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, USA
| | - Raksha Singh
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, USA
| | - Susan Brown
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, USA
| | | | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, USA
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24
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Guseman JM, Webb K, Srinivasan C, Dardick C. DRO1 influences root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Prunus species. Plant J 2017; 89:1093-1105. [PMID: 28029738 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots provide essential uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, as well as anchorage and stability for the whole plant. Root orientation, or angle, is an important component of the overall architecture and depth of the root system; however, little is known about the genetic control of this trait. Recent reports in Oryza sativa (rice) identified a role for DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) in influencing the orientation of the root system, leading to positive changes in grain yields under water-limited conditions. Here we found that DRO1 and DRO1-related genes are present across diverse plant phyla, and fall within the IGT gene family. The IGT family also includes TAC1 and LAZY1, which are known to affect the orientation of lateral shoots. Consistent with a potential role in root development, DRO1 homologs in Arabidopsis and peach showed root-specific expression. Promoter-reporter constructs revealed that AtDRO1 is predominantly expressed in both the root vasculature and root tips, in a distinct developmental pattern. Mutation of AtDRO1 led to more horizontal lateral root angles. Overexpression of AtDRO1 under a constitutive promoter resulted in steeper lateral root angles, as well as shoot phenotypes including upward leaf curling, shortened siliques and narrow lateral branch angles. A conserved C-terminal EAR-like motif found in IGT genes was required for these ectopic phenotypes. Overexpression of PpeDRO1 in Prunus domestica (plum) led to deeper-rooting phenotypes. Collectively, these data indicate a potential application for DRO1-related genes to alter root architecture for drought avoidance and improved resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Guseman
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Kevin Webb
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Chinnathambi Srinivasan
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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25
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Hollender CA, Hadiarto T, Srinivasan C, Scorza R, Dardick C. A brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach trees is caused by a nonsense mutation within the gibberellic acid receptor PpeGID1c. New Phytol 2016; 210:227-39. [PMID: 26639453 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic factors controlling tree size and shape. Here, we studied the genetic basis for a recessive brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach (Prunus persica) that has little or no effect on fruit development. A sequencing-based mapping strategy positioned dw on the distal end of chromosome 6. Further sequence analysis and fine mapping identified a candidate gene for dw as a non-functional allele of the gibberellic acid receptor GID1c. Expression of the two GID1-like genes found in peach, PpeGID1c and PpeGID1b, was analyzed. GID1c was predominantly expressed in actively growing vegetative tissues, whereas GID1b was more highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Silencing of GID1c in plum via transgenic expression of a hairpin construct led to a dwarf phenotype similar to that of dw/dw peaches. In general, the degree of GID1c silencing corresponded to the degree of dwarfing. The results suggest that PpeGID1c serves a primary role in vegetative growth and elongation, whereas GID1b probably functions to regulate gibberellic acid perception in reproductive organs. Modification of GID1c expression could provide a rational approach to control tree size without impairing fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Hollender
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | | | - Chinnathambi Srinivasan
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Ralph Scorza
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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26
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Abstract
The architecture of trees greatly impacts the productivity of orchards and forestry plantations. Amassing greater knowledge on the molecular genetics that underlie tree form can benefit these industries, as well as contribute to basic knowledge of plant developmental biology. This review describes the fundamental components of branch architecture, a prominent aspect of tree structure, as well as genetic and hormonal influences inferred from studies in model plant systems and from trees with non-standard architectures. The bulk of the molecular and genetic data described here is from studies of fruit trees and poplar, as these species have been the primary subjects of investigation in this field of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Hollender
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearnysville, WV, 25430, USA
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Dardick C, Callahan AM. Evolution of the fruit endocarp: molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:284. [PMID: 25009543 PMCID: PMC4070412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant evolution is largely driven by adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies that allow diversification into new niches. This is evident by the tremendous variation in flowering and fruiting structures present both across and within different plant lineages. Within a single plant family a staggering variety of fruit types can be found such as fleshy fruits including berries, pomes, and drupes and dry fruit structures like achenes, capsules, and follicles. What are the evolutionary mechanisms that enable such dramatic shifts to occur in a relatively short period of time? This remains a fundamental question of plant biology today. On the surface it seems that these extreme differences in form and function must be the consequence of very different developmental programs that require unique sets of genes. Yet as we begin to decipher the molecular and genetic basis underlying fruit form it is becoming apparent that simple genetic changes in key developmental regulatory genes can have profound anatomical effects. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit endocarp tissue differentiation that have contributed to species diversification within three plant lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceKearneysville, WV, USA
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Zuriaga E, Soriano JM, Zhebentyayeva T, Romero C, Dardick C, Cañizares J, Badenes ML. Genomic analysis reveals MATH gene(s) as candidate(s) for Plum pox virus (PPV) resistance in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Mol Plant Pathol 2013; 14:663-77. [PMID: 23672686 PMCID: PMC6638718 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is the most important viral disease affecting Prunus species. A major PPV resistance locus (PPVres) has been mapped to the upper part of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) linkage group 1. In this study, a physical map of the PPVres locus in the PPV-resistant cultivar 'Goldrich' was constructed. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones belonging to the resistant haplotype contig were sequenced using 454/GS-FLX Titanium technology. Concurrently, the whole genome of seven apricot varieties (three PPV-resistant and four PPV-susceptible) and two PPV-susceptible apricot relatives (P. sibirica var. davidiana and P. mume) were obtained using the Illumina-HiSeq2000 platform. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the mapped interval, recorded from alignments against the peach genome, allowed us to narrow down the PPVres locus to a region of ∼196 kb. Searches for polymorphisms linked in coupling with the resistance led to the identification of 68 variants within 23 predicted transcripts according to peach genome annotation. Candidate resistance genes were ranked combining data from variant calling and predicted functions inferred from sequence homology. Together, the results suggest that members of a cluster of meprin and TRAF-C homology domain (MATHd)-containing proteins are the most likely candidate genes for PPV resistance in apricot. Interestingly, MATHd proteins are hypothesized to control long-distance movement (LDM) of potyviruses in Arabidopsis, and restriction for LDM is also a major component of PPV resistance in apricot. Although the PPV resistance gene(s) remains to be unambiguously identified, these results pave the way to the determination of the underlying mechanism and to the development of more accurate breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zuriaga
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Dardick C, Callahan A, Horn R, Ruiz KB, Zhebentyayeva T, Hollender C, Whitaker M, Abbott A, Scorza R. PpeTAC1 promotes the horizontal growth of branches in peach trees and is a member of a functionally conserved gene family found in diverse plants species. Plant J 2013; 75:618-30. [PMID: 23663106 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trees are capable of tremendous architectural plasticity, allowing them to maximize their light exposure under highly competitive environments. One key component of tree architecture is the branch angle, yet little is known about the molecular basis for the spatial patterning of branches in trees. Here, we report the identification of a candidate gene for the br mutation in Prunus persica (peach) associated with vertically oriented growth of branches, referred to as 'pillar' or 'broomy'. Ppa010082, annotated as hypothetical protein in the peach genome sequence, was identified as a candidate gene for br using a next generation sequence-based mapping approach. Sequence similarity searches identified rice TAC1 (tiller angle control 1) as a putative ortholog, and we thus named it PpeTAC1. In monocots, TAC1 is known to lead to less compact growth by increasing the tiller angle. In Arabidopsis, an attac1 mutant showed more vertical branch growth angles, suggesting that the gene functions universally to promote the horizontal growth of branches. TAC1 genes belong to a gene family (here named IGT for a shared conserved motif) found in all plant genomes, consisting of two clades: one containing TAC1-like genes; the other containing LAZY1, which contains an EAR motif, and promotes vertical shoot growth in Oryza sativa (rice) and Arabidopsis through influencing polar auxin transport. The data suggest that IGT genes are ancient, and play conserved roles in determining shoot growth angles in plants. Understanding how IGT genes modulate branch angles will provide insights into how different architectural growth habits evolved in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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Damsteegt VD, Stone AL, Smith OP, McDaniel L, Sherman DJ, Dardick C, Hammond J, Jordan R, Schneider WL. A previously undescribed potyvirus isolated and characterized from arborescent Brugmansia. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1235-44. [PMID: 23381392 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A suspected virus disease was identified from an arborescent Brugmansia x candida Pers. (syn. Datura candida Pers.) tree. The causal agent was aphid transmissible at low rates. Viral particles were purified from infected tobacco tissue, analyzed, and purified virions were inoculated into healthy tobacco plants to recreate the symptoms. The virions had a mean length of 720-729 nm, and infected cells contained inclusion bodies typical of potyvirus infections. Analysis of infected tissues and purified virions with a panel of potyvirus-specific antibodies confirmed identification as a potyvirus. Viral host range, dilution end point, thermal tolerance and aphid transmission characteristics were examined. The viral genome (9761 nt) is typical of potyviruses, with the closest related potyvirus being pepper mottle virus, at 72 % nt sequence identity. Based on conventions for naming novel potyviruses, the virus was determined to be a member of a previously undescribed species, tentatively named "Brugmansia mosaic virus" (BruMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon D Damsteegt
- USDA-ARS Foreign Disease/Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Dardick C, Schwessinger B, Ronald P. Non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD) kinases are associated with innate immune receptors that recognize conserved microbial signatures. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2012; 15:358-66. [PMID: 22658367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An important question in the field of plant-pathogen interactions is how the detection of pathogens is converted into an effective immune response. In recent years, substantial insight has been gained into the identities of both the plant receptors and the microbial molecules they recognize. Likewise, many of the downstream signaling proteins and transcriptions factors that activate defense responses have been characterized. However, the early molecular events that comprise 'recognition' and how defense signaling specificity is achieved are not as well understood. In this review we discuss the significance of non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD) kinases, a subclass of kinases that are often found in association with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States.
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Srinivasan C, Dardick C, Callahan A, Scorza R. Plum (Prunus domestica) trees transformed with poplar FT1 result in altered architecture, dormancy requirement, and continuous flowering. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40715. [PMID: 22859952 PMCID: PMC3408467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flowering Locus T1 (FT1) gene from Populus trichocarpa under the control of the 35S promoter was transformed into European plum (Prunus domestica L). Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of FT flowered and produced fruits in the greenhouse within 1 to 10 months. FT plums did not enter dormancy after cold or short day treatments yet field planted FT plums remained winter hardy down to at least −10°C. The plants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes atypical for plum including shrub-type growth habit and panicle flower architecture. The flowering and fruiting phenotype was found to be continuous in the greenhouse but limited to spring and fall in the field. The pattern of flowering in the field correlated with lower daily temperatures. This apparent temperature effect was subsequently confirmed in growth chamber studies. The pleitropic phenotypes associated with FT1 expression in plum suggests a fundamental role of this gene in plant growth and development. This study demonstrates the potential for a single transgene event to markedly affect the vegetative and reproductive growth and development of an economically important temperate woody perennial crop. We suggest that FT1 may be a useful tool to modify temperate plants to changing climates and/or to adapt these crops to new growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnathambi Srinivasan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ann Callahan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ralph Scorza
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
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Manfre A, Glenn M, Nuñez A, Moreau RA, Dardick C. Light quantity and photosystem function mediate host susceptibility to Turnip mosaic virus via a salicylic acid-independent mechanism. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2011; 24:315-27. [PMID: 21091158 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-10-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence going as far back as the early part of the 20th century suggests that both light and chloroplast function may play key roles in host susceptibility to viruses. Despite the long history of such work, confirmation of these phenomena and a determination of the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we revisited these questions using modern imaging technologies to study the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We found that both light deficiency and photosystem impairment increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to TuMV infection. Time-lapse photography studies indicated that, under these conditions, rub-inoculated plants exhibited greater numbers of infection foci and more rapid foci development. The rate of systemic movement was also accelerated though cell-to-cell movement appeared unchanged. Inhibition of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses is not likely responsible for changes in susceptibility because SA and pathogen response-1 gene induction were not affected by light deficiency or chloroplast impairment and treatment of plants with SA had no measureable impact on TuMV infection. Taken together, these data suggest that both light and optimal chloroplast function influence virus infection either by limiting the cellular resources needed by TuMV to establish replication complexes or the host's ability to activate SA-independent defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manfre
- United States Department of Agriculture, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, WV, USA
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Jung KH, Lee J, Dardick C, Seo YS, Cao P, Canlas P, Phetsom J, Xu X, Ouyang S, An K, Cho YJ, Lee GC, Lee Y, An G, Ronald PC. Identification and functional analysis of light-responsive unique genes and gene family members in rice. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000164. [PMID: 18725934 PMCID: PMC2515340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional redundancy limits detailed analysis of genes in many organisms. Here, we report a method to efficiently overcome this obstacle by combining gene expression data with analysis of gene-indexed mutants. Using a rice NSF45K oligo-microarray to compare 2-week-old light- and dark-grown rice leaf tissue, we identified 365 genes that showed significant 8-fold or greater induction in the light relative to dark conditions. We then screened collections of rice T-DNA insertional mutants to identify rice lines with mutations in the strongly light-induced genes. From this analysis, we identified 74 different lines comprising two independent mutant lines for each of 37 light-induced genes. This list was further refined by mining gene expression data to exclude genes that had potential functional redundancy due to co-expressed family members (12 genes) and genes that had inconsistent light responses across other publicly available microarray datasets (five genes). We next characterized the phenotypes of rice lines carrying mutations in ten of the remaining candidate genes and then carried out co-expression analysis associated with these genes. This analysis effectively provided candidate functions for two genes of previously unknown function and for one gene not directly linked to the tested biochemical pathways. These data demonstrate the efficiency of combining gene family-based expression profiles with analyses of insertional mutants to identify novel genes and their functions, even among members of multi-gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Lu R, Lee GC, Shultz M, Dardick C, Jung K, Phetsom J, Jia Y, Rice RH, Goldberg Z, Schnable PS, Ronald P, Rocke DM. Assessing probe-specific dye and slide biases in two-color microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9:314. [PMID: 18638416 PMCID: PMC2496918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A primary reason for using two-color microarrays is that the use of two samples labeled with different dyes on the same slide, that bind to probes on the same spot, is supposed to adjust for many factors that introduce noise and errors into the analysis. Most users assume that any differences between the dyes can be adjusted out by standard methods of normalization, so that measures such as log ratios on the same slide are reliable measures of comparative expression. However, even after the normalization, there are still probe specific dye and slide variation among the data. We define a method to quantify the amount of the dye-by-probe and slide-by-probe interaction. This serves as a diagnostic, both visual and numeric, of the existence of probe-specific dye bias. We show how this improved the performance of two-color array analysis for arrays for genomic analysis of biological samples ranging from rice to human tissue. RESULTS We develop a procedure for quantifying the extent of probe-specific dye and slide bias in two-color microarrays. The primary output is a graphical diagnostic of the extent of the bias which called ECDF (Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function), though numerical results are also obtained. CONCLUSION We show that the dye and slide biases were high for human and rice genomic arrays in two gene expression facilities, even after the standard intensity-based normalization, and describe how this diagnostic allowed the problems causing the probe-specific bias to be addressed, and resulted in important improvements in performance. The R package LMGene which contains the method described in this paper has been available to download from Bioconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Lu
- Department of Data Analysis and Algorithm, Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA.
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Rohila JS, Chen M, Chen S, Chen J, Cerny R, Dardick C, Canlas P, Xu X, Gribskov M, Kanrar S, Zhu JK, Ronald P, Fromm ME. Protein-protein interactions of tandem affinity purification-tagged protein kinases in rice. Plant J 2006; 46:1-13. [PMID: 16553892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Forty-one rice cDNAs encoding protein kinases were fused to the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag and expressed in transgenic rice plants. The TAP-tagged kinases and interacting proteins were purified from the T1 progeny of the transgenic rice plants and identified by mass spectrometry. Ninety-five percent of the TAP-tagged kinases were recovered. Fifty-six percent of the TAP-tagged kinases were found to interact with other rice proteins. A number of these interactions were consistent with known protein complexes found in other species, validating the TAP-tag method in rice plants. Phosphorylation sites were identified on four of the kinases that interacted with either 14-3-3 proteins or cyclins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai S Rohila
- Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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