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Closing the gap between science and management of cold-water refuges in rivers and streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5482-5508. [PMID: 37466251 PMCID: PMC10615108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold-water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short-term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold-water refuges. We review current understanding of cold-water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold-water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold-water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold-water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold-water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.
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Abstract No. 177 Quantification of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed Characteristics on Computed Tomography and Relationship with Findings During Catheter Angiography. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Clarify jurisdiction of US Clean Water Act. Science 2023; 379:148. [PMID: 36634193 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rapid systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for people who smoke and have cancer. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Higher rates of cancer are reported in smokers compared to non-smokers, and continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced health outcomes and survival. Despite international evidence of increased risks, a substantial percentage of people with a cancer diagnosis continue to smoke. Patients may be unaware of the additional risks associated with continued smoking, and health care professionals may not engage with quit supports. As part of a larger feasibility study to develop a smoking cessation pathway in cancer services in Ireland, a rapid review of the evidence was completed.
Methods
Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL 2015 to December 2020 were conducted; with studies restricted to adults with a cancer diagnosis [lung, breast, cervical, head and neck] and published in English. No restriction was placed on study designs. 6404 studies were identified and uploaded into COVIDENCE platform, Cochrane's systematic review methods were adopted throughout, PRISMA reporting guidelines were used, and narrative data synthesis was completed (CRD 42020214204).
Results
The twenty-three-studies report evidence from USA, Canada, England, Lebanon, and Australia. The setting for all interventions was hospitals and cancer clinics. Evidence identifies high dropout rates, inconsistencies in approaches and duration of smoking cessation interventions with varied outcomes. A wide-ranging number of critical components emerged associated with optimal quit support- including the timing of and frequency of quit conversations, use of electronic records, in-person support meetings, provision of nicotine replacement therapy and extended use of Varenicline, smoking cessation services embedded in oncology depts, and engaging with families wanting to quit at the same time.
Conclusions
Developing tailored smoking cessation interventions are needed for smokers diagnosed with cancer to enable engagement.
Key messages
• Continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced health outcomes.
• Smoking cessation programmes for cancer patient should be tailored to meet needs.
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K in an Urban World: New Contexts for Hydraulic Conductivity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2021; 57:493-504. [PMID: 35450168 PMCID: PMC9016634 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity (K) is a key hydrologic parameter widely recognized to be difficult to estimate and constrain, with little consistent assessment in disturbed, urbanized soils. To estimate K, it is either measured, or simulated by pedotransfer functions, which relate K to easily measured soil properties. We measured K in urbanized soils by double-ring infiltrometer (K dring), near-saturated tension infiltrometry (K minidisk), and constant head borehole permeametry (K borehole), along with other soil properties across the major soil orders in 12 United States cities. We compared measured K with that predicted from the pedotransfer function, ROSETTA. We found that regardless of soil texture, K dring was consistently larger than K minidisk; with the latter having slightly less sample variance. K borehole was dependent upon specific subsurface conditions, and contrary to common expectations, did not always decrease with depth. Based on either soil textural class, or percent textural separates (sand, silt clay), ROSETTA did not accurately predict measured K for surface nor subsurface soils. We go on to discuss how K varies in urban landscapes, the role of measurement methods and artifacts in the perception of this metric, and implications for hydrologic modeling. Overall, we aim to inspire consistency and coherence when addressing K-related challenges in sustainable urban water management.
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OP0011 A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, ACTIVE-CONTROLLED STUDY OF AVACOPAN IN ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY (ANCA)-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Complement fragment C5a is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). C5a receptor (C5aR), present on neutrophils, is a G protein-coupled receptor for C5a. Avacopan (previously CCX168) is an orally-administered selective antagonist of C5aR which blocks C5a-induced cell activation. Two previous Phase 2 clinical trials provided evidence of effectiveness of avacopan in AAV and its potential to eliminate extensive use of glucocorticoids (GC) and GC-related toxicities.Objectives:This Phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of avacopan for the treatment of AAV.Methods:Eligible subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive either prednisone or avacopan in combination with either a) cyclophosphamide (oral or IV) followed by azathioprine or b) rituximab (four IV infusions). Randomization was stratified by the treatment regimen (rituximab, IV cyclophosphamide, or oral cyclophosphamide), ANCA serotype, and newly-diagnosed or relapsing disease. Treatment period was 52 weeks; primary efficacy endpoints were the proportion of subjects achieving disease remission at Week 26, and sustained disease remission at Week 52. Remission was defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) of zero and not taking glucocorticoids for AAV within 4 weeks prior to Week 26. Sustained remission was defined as being in remission at Week 26 and also subsequently in remission as defined above at Week 52. Any relapse of AAV between Weeks 26 and 52 was considered not achieving sustained remission.Results:330 subjects were randomized and dosed: 166 in avacopan and 164 in prednisone arms. At Week 26, 72.3% subjects achieved remission in the avacopan arm compared to 70.1% in the prednisone arm (p<0.0001 for non-inferiority). At Week 52, 65.7% subjects achieved sustained remission in the avacopan arm compared to 54.9% in the prednisone arm achieving both non-inferiority and superiority to prednisone arm (p=0.0066 for superiority of avacopan).The avacopan arm had a significant reduction in glucocorticoid-related toxicity compared to the prednisone arm as measured by the Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI) of Cumulative Worsening Score (p=0.0002) and Aggregate Improvement Score (p=0.0082).In subjects with renal disease at baseline, the avacopan arm showed a mean increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 7.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 from baseline to week 52 as compared to 4.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase in the prednisone arm (p=0.0259).Overall subject incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was generally consistent with previous AAV trials at 45.1% and 42.2% for prednisone and avacopan groups, respectively. Serious infections were 15.2% and 13.3%, serious hepatic adverse events 3.7% vs 5.4%, and SAEs of white blood cell count decreases were 4.9% vs 2.4% for prednisone and avacopan, respectively. No meningococcal infections were reported.Conclusion:Avacopan treatment resulted in remission in AAV patients receiving rituximab or cyclophosphamide/azathioprine at a rate that was non-inferior to the active comparator prednisone at week 26 and superior to prednisone in sustained remission at Week 52. A significant reduction in glucocorticoid-related toxicity was observed in the avacopan vs. prednisone arms. Significant increase in eGFR in subjects with renal disease was also observed in avacopan vs. prednisone. The safety profile of avacopan appears acceptable for development in AAV. Avacopan treatment for AAV is efficacious and exhibits benefits not seen with chronic prednisone therapy.References:None.Disclosure of Interests:Peter A Merkel Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Boeringher-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, InflaRx, Kypha, TerumoBCT, Consultant of: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boeringher-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, InflaRx, Insmed, Jannsen, Kiniksa, Pfizer, Sparrow, Talaris, David Jayne Grant/research support from: ChemoCentryx, GSK, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi-Genzyme, Consultant of: Astra-Zeneca, ChemoCentryx, GSK, InflaRx, Takeda, Insmed, Chugai, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Huibin Yue Shareholder of: ChemoCentryx, Employee of: ChemoCentryx, Thomas Schall Shareholder of: ChemoCentryx, Employee of: ChemoCentryx, Catherine Kelleher Shareholder of: Amgen, ChemoCentryx, Inc., Grant/research support from: Not active, Consultant of: Independent Consultant in the past, Employee of: ChemoCentryx, Inc., Pirow Bekker Shareholder of: Stock options ChemoCentryx, Consultant of: ChemoCentryx, Employee of: ChemoCentryx
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Relative information from thermal infrared imagery via unoccupied aerial vehicle informs simulations and spatially-distributed assessments of stream temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:364-374. [PMID: 30677682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stream temperature is a measure of water quality that reflects the balance of atmospheric heat exchange at the air-water interface and gains or losses of water along a stream reach. In urban areas, stormwater sewers deliver water with varying magnitude and temperature to streams at variable timescales. Understanding the impacts of stormwater through space and time is therefore difficult to do with conventional approaches like in situ sensors. To study the impacts of stormwater on creek water temperatures, we combined in situ water temperature observations with thermal infrared (TIR) imagery collected via unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV). Imagery was collected in May, June, and July of 2017. As ongoing work with UAV-based TIR suggests that this imagery is prone to poor accuracy, we focused on creating several data products beyond absolute water temperatures that can be used to assess temporal and spatial water temperature variations. In particular, TIR data products were used to extract the length of the observed stormwater plume as well as the width of the creek cross-section impacted by stormwater. From these values, we conclude that relatively narrow stormwater plumes affecting a small fraction of creek width can alter creek water temperatures for considerable distances downstream. We also applied TIR data to constrain results of a deterministic stream temperature model (HFLUX 3.0) that simulates the physical processes affecting stream heat exchanges. Stormwater plume lengths obtained from TIR imagery were used to refine spatially-distributed simulations, demonstrating that relative temperature information obtained from UAV imagery can provide useful calibration targets for stream temperature models. Overall, our work demonstrates the added value of UAV datasets for understanding urban stream temperatures, calibrating water quality models, and for modeling and monitoring of the impact of spatially explicit hydrologic processes on stream temperature.
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The psychological and emotional impact of AMH testing. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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4.2-O2Using the Population structure from the All Ireland Traveller Health Study 2007-2010 to facilitate comparison with other Indigenous Ethnic Minority populations globally. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Here are six ways that drones are making their way into geosciences research and industry through innovative applications.
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Long-Term Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts on Streamwater Salinity in New York State: INCA Simulations Offer Cautious Optimism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1339-1347. [PMID: 29281783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-term application of road salts has led to a rise in surface water chloride (Cl-) concentrations. While models have been used to assess the potential future impacts of continued deicing practices, prior approaches have not incorporated changes in climate that are projected to impact hydrogeology in the 21st century. We use an INtegrated CAtchment (INCA) model to simulate Cl- concentrations in the Tioughnioga River watershed. The model was run over a baseline period (1961-1990) and climate simulations from a range of GCMs run over three 30-year intervals (2010-2039; 2040-2069; 2070-2099). Model projections suggest that Cl- concentrations in the two river branches will continue to rise for several decades, before beginning to decline around 2040-2069, with all GCM scenarios indicating reductions in snowfall and associated salt applications over the 21st century. The delay in stream response is most likely attributed to climate change and continued contribution of Cl- from aquifers. By 2100, surface water Cl- concentrations will decrease to below 1960s values. Catchments dominated by urban lands will experience a decrease in average surface water Cl-, although moderate compared to more rural catchments.
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FAMILY, INTERGENERATIONAL, AND CAREGIVING ISSUES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Plasma fibrinogen is an important clinical marker for prospective all-cause mortality in the lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The psychological impact of ovarian reserve testing: a qualitative analysis. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Combination treatment with mirabegron and solifenacin in patients with overactive bladder: exploratory responder analyses of efficacy and evaluation of patient-reported outcomes from a randomized, double-blind, factorial, dose-ranging, Phase II study (SYMPHONY). World J Urol 2016; 35:827-838. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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FRI0613-HPR Do Physiotherapists Document Weight and Discuss The Influence of Weight on Pathology in Patients with Osteoarthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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The association between weight perception and BMI: report and measurement data from the growing up in Ireland Cohort Study of 9-year olds. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 41:46-53. [PMID: 27671034 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard for categorisation of weight status is clinically measured body mass index (BMI), but this is often not practical in large epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES To determine if a child's weight perception or a mother's perception of a child's weight status is a viable alternative to measured height and weight in determining BMI classification. Secondary outcomes are to determine the influence of a mother's BMI on her ability to categorise the child's BMI and a child's ability to recognise his/her own BMI. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the growing up in Ireland cohort study, a nationally representative cohort of 8568 9-year-old children. The variables considered for this analysis are the child's gender, BMI (International Obesity Taskforce grade derived from measured height and weight) and self-perceived weight status, and the mother's weight perception of the child, BMI (derived from measured height and weight) and self-perceived weight status. Cohen's weighted-kappa was used to evaluate the strength of the agreement between pairwise combinations of the BMI variables. Cumulative and adjacent categories logistic regression were used to predict how likely a person rates themselves as under, normal or overweight, based on explanatory variables. RESULTS Mothers are more accurate at correctly classifying their child's BMI (κ=0.5; confidence intervals (CI) 0.38-0.51) than the children themselves (κ=0.25; CI 0.23-0.26). Overweight mothers are better raters of their child's BMI (κ=0.51; CI 0.49-0.54), compared with normal (κ=0.44; CI 0.41-0.47) or underweight mothers (κ=0.4; CI 0.22-0.58), regardless of whether the mother's BMI is derived from measured height and weight or self-perceived. The mother's perception of the child's weight status is not an influencing factor on the child's ability to correctly classify him/herself, but the child's self-perceived weight status influences the mother's ability to correctly classify the child. CONCLUSIONS A mother's BMI classification of her child is a viable alternative to BMI measurement in large epidemiological studies.
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Infant birth weight and risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease including body mass index in the lifeways cross-generation cohort study of a thousand families. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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WS18.5 Direct medical cost of CF care in the Irish public healthcare system. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Model-based analysis of the influence of catchment properties on hydrologic partitioning across five mountain headwater subcatchments. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2015; 51:4109-4136. [PMID: 27642197 PMCID: PMC5008156 DOI: 10.1002/2014wr016147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ungauged headwater basins are an abundant part of the river network, but dominant influences on headwater hydrologic response remain difficult to predict. To address this gap, we investigated the ability of a physically based watershed model (the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model) to represent controls on metrics of hydrologic partitioning across five adjacent headwater subcatchments. The five study subcatchments, located in Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest in central Montana, have similar climate but variable topography and vegetation distribution. This facilitated a comparative hydrology approach to interpret how parameters that influence partitioning, detected via global sensitivity analysis, differ across catchments. Model parameters were constrained a priori using existing regional information and expert knowledge. Influential parameters were compared to perceptions of catchment functioning and its variability across subcatchments. Despite between-catchment differences in topography and vegetation, hydrologic partitioning across all metrics and all subcatchments was sensitive to a similar subset of snow, vegetation, and soil parameters. Results also highlighted one subcatchment with low certainty in parameter sensitivity, indicating that the model poorly represented some complexities in this subcatchment likely because an important process is missing or poorly characterized in the mechanistic model. For use in other basins, this method can assess parameter sensitivities as a function of the specific ungauged system to which it is applied. Overall, this approach can be employed to identify dominant modeled controls on catchment response and their agreement with system understanding.
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Is there a link between overactive bladder and the metabolic syndrome in women? A systematic review of observational studies. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:199-217. [PMID: 25495905 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review to determine whether there is an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or overactive bladder (OAB) in women. METHODS We systematically reviewed English language observational studies on the effect of MetS (or component factors) on the presence of OAB or LUTS in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library with no date restrictions, checked reference lists and undertook citation searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. Because of heterogeneity, results were not pooled, but are reported narratively. RESULTS Of 27 included studies, only three looked at the link between MetS and OAB. The rest looked at links between OAB and components of MetS such as obesity or insulin resistance (n = 10), between MetS and urinary symptoms (n = 3) and between urinary symptoms and components of MetS, such as obesity (n = 14). Evidence is currently limited, but it does suggest that there may be important links between MetS and OAB and components of MetS such as obesity. CONCLUSIONS The literature on MetS and OAB or LUTS in women is limited, and poor quality. However, the evidence available on obesity appears to support MetS as a contributor and predictor of LUTS in women. Many of the women with LUTS will be overweight and will have features of the MetS, if looked for. This provides not only an opportunity to encourage weight loss as an adjunct to therapy for the OAB symptoms but also a window of opportunity to address cardiovascular risk factors and prevent future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Comparative Efficacy And Tolerability Of Solifenacin 5mg Versus Oral Antimuscarinic Agents In Overactive Bladder (Oab): A Systematic Literature Review (Slr) And Mixed Treatment Comparison (Mtc). VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A466. [PMID: 27201324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Cost Effectiveness Of Solifenacin Compared With Oral Antimuscarinic Agents For The Treatment Of Patients With Overactive Bladder (Oab) In The Uk. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A469. [PMID: 27201339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Health Psychol Behav Med 2014; 2:785-797. [PMID: 25750819 PMCID: PMC4346026 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2014.929006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Depression is an increasing problem in older adults, which is exacerbated by under diagnosis and ineffective treatment options. Broadly speaking, as people age, their levels of regular physical activity (PA) decrease, while their experience of chronic pain increases. PA has been shown to be an effective, yet under-utilised, treatment for depression in this age-cohort although the influence of pain on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms has not been considered. Methods. Secondary analysis of national data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA, 2011) (n = 8163 participants aged 50 years and older) examined the mediating or moderating role of pain in the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA, and the impact of PA, pain and depressive symptoms on health-care utilisation. Results. Approximately 8.5% TILDA older adults were depressed. No mediating or moderating effects of pain were found in the association between PA and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of PA were found to be independently associated with lower depressive symptoms, while higher levels of pain significantly increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms supporting previous findings. Depressive symptoms and higher levels of pain were also found to significantly increase health-care utilisation. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings in this field, both PA and pain were found to be independently associated with depressive symptoms in Irish older adults. Furthermore, pain does not play a mediating or moderating role in the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. Continued support for ongoing initiatives in this area aimed at increasing PA in older adults as a means to improve both physical and mental well-being is advised. The absence of any synergistic effect between PA and pain suggests that clinicians and health service providers should continue to promote PA as a treatment for depression, irrespective of the pain levels of their patients.
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Demographic trends in suicide in the UK and Ireland 1980–2010. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:227-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Urgency and pain in patients with overactive bladder and bladder pain syndrome. What are the differences? Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:356-62. [PMID: 24373133 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OAB) and the Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (BPS/IC) are different urological conditions sharing 'urgency' as a common symptom. The aim of this review is to address our existing knowledge and establish how these symptoms are interrelated and to determine whether or not there is a common link between both symptoms complexes that help to distinguish one from the other. METHODS Pubmed was used to obtain references for this non-systematic review aiming to discuss differences between OAB and BPS/IC. Guidelines of several professional associations and discussions based on expert opinion from the authors were implemented. RESULTS Whilst in BPS the hallmark symptom is pain on bladder filling, urgency is the defining symptom of OAB. Whilst it is likely that the pain in BPS/IC arises from local inflammation in the bladder wall, the nature of urgency as a symptom, its origin, and the relationship between urgency and pain, as well as the different afferent mechanisms associated with the genesis of these sensory symptoms, remains unknown. Although the aetiology of both OAB and PBS/IC is unclear, the influence of environmental factors has been suggested. Both are chronic conditions with very variable symptom resolution and response to therapy. The relationship with voiding dysfunction, gynaecological causes of chronic pelvic pain or the possible alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and psychological disorders has not been established. Inflammation has been suggested as the common link between OAB and BPS/IC. CONCLUSIONS OAB and BPS/IC are different symptoms complexes that share urgency as a common symptom. None of them have a specific symptom although pain on bladder filling is the hallmark symptom in BPS/IC. Bladder pain with urgency should be a trigger for referral to the provider with appropriate knowledge and expertise in this disease state, whereas the management of OAB should be part of normal routine care in the community.
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Experiences of crisis pregnancy among Irish and non-Irish adults living in Ireland: findings from the Irish Contraception and Crisis Pregnancy Survey 2010 (ICCP-2010). Ir J Med Sci 2013; 182:633-8. [PMID: 23558849 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-0943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using nationally representative data, this paper investigates the experience of crisis pregnancy (CP) among Irish and non-Irish adults living in Ireland in 2010. AIMS To generate a detailed profile of Irish and non-Irish adults living in Ireland who have had an experience of CP and to investigate the differences in the experiences of CP between Irish and non-Irish adults. METHOD A national cross-sectional telephone survey methodology recruited 3,002 adult (18-45 years) participants (69 % response). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to compare the differences between the Irish (n = 334) and non-Irish sample (n = 57) with an experience of CP. RESULTS The majority of respondents with an experience of CP had a higher education level and were aged between 18 and 25 years. Significant differences, in terms of outcome of CP, were also found between groups; with more Irish respondents choosing parenthood over abortion, compared with their non-Irish counterparts. CONCLUSION This paper presents a unique profile of Irish and non-Irish adults living in Ireland with an experience of CP. Enhanced promotion of longer-acting contraceptives to all younger adults, and targeted awareness raising of post-abortion services among the non-Irish community, is recommended.
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Smoking in vehicles is lower than mobile telephone use while driving, but is socially patterned. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 106:118-120. [PMID: 23691847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Legislation is being considered which bans smoking in cars carrying children under the age of 16. This was an observational survey of smoking by drivers and passengers and mobile phone use by drivers in 2,230 cars over three time periods in two Dublin locations. The observed prevalence of mobile telephone use (2.56%) was higher than smoking (1.39%) (p < 0.01), but was low in both. There was no significant variation according to time of day. There was an inverse pattern according to car value for smoking drivers (p = 0.029). Eight adult passengers and just one child were observed as being exposed to a smoking adult driver. In conclusion, the public health importance of regulating passive smoke exposure is clear but the resources required to police such a ban in vehicles may be labour intensive for the yield in detection or prevention.
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A Novel Approach to Study Alveolar Development. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Genetic variation in DNMT3B and increased global DNA methylation is associated with suicide attempts in psychiatric patients. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:125-32. [PMID: 23025623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a significant epigenetic component in the pathology of suicide has been realized. Here we investigate candidate functional SNPs in epigenetic-regulatory genes, DNMT1 and DNMT3B, for association with suicide attempt (SA) among patients with co-existing psychiatric illness. In addition, global DNA methylation levels [5-methyl cytosine (5-mC%)] between SA and psychiatric controls were quantified using the Methylflash Methylated DNA Quantification Kit. DNA was obtained from blood of 79 suicide attempters and 80 non-attempters, assessed for DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Functional SNPs were selected for each gene (DNMT1; n = 7, DNMT3B; n = 10), and genotyped. A SNP (rs2424932) residing in the 3' UTR of the DNMT3B gene was associated with SA compared with a non-attempter control group (P = 0.001; Chi-squared test, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.02). Moreover, haplotype analysis identified a DNMT3B haplotype which differed between cases and controls, however this association did not hold after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.01, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.56). Global methylation analysis showed that psychiatric patients with a history of SA had significantly higher levels of global DNA methylation compared with controls (P = 0.018, Student's t-test). In conclusion, this is the first report investigating polymorphisms in DNMT genes and global DNA methylation quantification in SA risk. Preliminary findings suggest that allelic variability in DNMT3B may be relevant to the underlying diathesis for suicidal acts and our findings support the hypothesis that aberrant DNA methylation profiles may contribute to the biology of suicidal acts. Thus, analysis of global DNA hypermethylation in blood may represent a biomarker for increased SA risk in psychiatric patients.
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A comparison study of two lower urinary tract symptoms screening tools in clinical practice: the B-SAQ and OAB-V8 questionnaires. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 32:666-71. [PMID: 22943714 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2012.696158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a detrimental effect on quality-of-life (QoL). However, sufferers are often reluctant to seek help. Screening for LUTS will identify patients with bothersome symptoms who may benefit from treatment and allow patients to self-assess their symptoms and the need for medical intervention, potentially saving costly medical time and reducing long-term morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the value of two validated questionnaires: the Bladder Control Self Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ) and the Overactive Bladder Awareness Tool (OAB-V8) as screening questionnaires in clinical practice. A total of 223 women were recruited prospectively from three centres. Participants completed both questionnaires in the waiting area prior to assessment by a clinician, who completed a symptom evaluation sheet. Data were analysed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Both the B-SAQ and the OAB-V8 performed well in detecting symptoms of OAB and mixed urinary symptoms. The B-SAQ performed better in detecting symptoms of stress incontinence than the OAB-V8. The opportunity to screen for haematuria should never be missed and this is an important omission from the OAB-V8.
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Suicide in children over two decades: 1993-2008. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 105:231-233. [PMID: 23008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicide rates have increased in Ireland's youth over the past two decades. However, no research report has focussed on suicide rates in those aged under 18--the children of Ireland. We retrieved national disaggregated age and sex-specific suicide mortality data from 1993-1998 and compared it with similar suicide mortality data from 2003-2008. Significant age (older vs younger) and sex effects (boys greater risk than girls) are apparent in both decades Suicide rates in both males and females have increased (males: 9.3-13.5/100,000), (females: 2.4-5.1/100,000. Suicide rates in under 15 year olds boys and girls is extremely rare for both time periods studied (1.6/100,000). Results are discussed in light of the rights of children and the obligation of the nation in this regard, as well as more child-specific and transition to adulthood-specific suicide prevention policy implications.
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The psychology of LUTS: ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 31:340-3. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Traveller infant mortality is persistently higher than the general population in the All Ireland Traveller Birth Cohort study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Prospective sex-specific trans-generational association between cardiovascular risk factors of maternal and paternal grandparents and their grandchildren's birth weights in the Lifeways Cross Generation Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Effectiveness of training in motivational interviewing in influencing smoking cessation in pregnant and postpartum women in lower socio-economic groups. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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P2-414 The all Ireland traveller birth cohort study (2008-2011): experience from a nomadic cohort of five hundred families. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976l.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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P1-40 Experience of discrimination is a significant associate of mental ill-health in Irish travellers. Findings from the all Ireland traveller health study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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P2-310 Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a biomarker for oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, and alcohol consumption and its association with cancer incidence. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976k.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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P2-49 Subclinical diastolic dysfunction is associated with biomarkers of hepatic function: results from the stop HF study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976h.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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P2-387 Health professionals are not systematic in obesity detection and measurement. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976l.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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P2-279 10-year mortality follow-up of maternal and paternal grandparents shows different patterns of association with their grandchildren's birth weights: the Lifeways Cross Generation Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976k.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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O1-5.4 Familial aggregation in nutrient intake patterns: comparing intergenerational and prenatal-postnatal effects in Lifeways Cross Generation Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976a.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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P2-50 GGT levels are a coherent indicator of cardiovascular risk in primary care in both men and women: results from the stop HF study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976h.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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P1-26 The all Ireland traveller health study of ten thousand families provides a human development index for Irish travellers. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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P2-474 Familial predictors of variability in pre-school children's health: the Lifeways Cross Generation Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976m.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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It's just the worry about not being able to control it! A qualitative study of living with overactive bladder. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 13:343-59. [PMID: 17535499 DOI: 10.1348/135910707x187786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reports the perceptions of patients with a diagnosis of OAB and people with undiagnosed OAB symptoms about their health-related quality of life (HRQL) and psychological consequences. DESIGN A qualitative study which employed a series of in-depth, semi-structured individual and group interviews using thematic and interpretive techniques of data analysis. METHODS A mixture of previously diagnosed patients and people bothered by OAB symptoms were recruited from three British cities. The interviews explored issues around HRQL. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to draw out the context in which people experience OAB. The study design was reviewed by a Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee and subjected to local research governance. RESULTS OAB has devastating consequences for sufferers of both sexes which impact upon their HRQL, self-esteem and relationships. OAB without incontinence causes anxiety, fear of incontinence, a sense of depression and hopelessness all of which are worse for those with incontinence. Many sufferers feel too embarrassed to seek medical care. CONCLUSIONS The psychological and HRQL consequences for OAB sufferers overlap with trajectories associated with chronic illness. However, because many sufferers avoid admitting to the condition and/or seeking treatment the psychological costs to them are even greater than with a diagnosed illness because the disruption remains unacknowledged and therefore unresolved.
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057 All Ireland Traveller Health Study: increasing gap in mortality between traveller and general populations in the Republic of Ireland over two decades. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120956.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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026 The all Ireland traveller birth cohort study: overcoming recruitment challenges to estimate birth parameters. Br J Soc Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120956.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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