1
|
Hafner C, Manschein V, Klaus DA, Schaubmayr W, Tiboldi A, Scharner V, Gleiss A, Thal B, Krammel M, Hamp T, Willschke H, Hermann M. Live stream of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation - A feasibility trial. Resuscitation 2024; 194:110089. [PMID: 38110144 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current resuscitation guidelines recommend that skilled persons could use ultrasound to detect reversible causes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) where the examination can be safely integrated into the Advanced Life Support (ALS) algorithm. However, in a prehospital setting performing and rapidly interpreting ultrasound can be challenging for physicians. Implementing remote, expert-guided, and real-time transmissions of ultrasound examinations offers the opportunity for tele-support, even during an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the impact of tele-supported ultrasound in ALS on hands-off time during an OHCA. METHODS In an urban setting, physicians performed point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on patients during OHCA using a portable device, either with tele-support (n = 30) or without tele-support (n = 12). Where tele-support was used, the ultrasound image was transmitted via a remote real-time connection to an on-call specialist in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine with an advanced level of critical care ultrasound expertise. The primary safety endpoint of this study was to evaluate whether POCUS can be safely integrated into the algorithm, and to provide an analysis of hands-off time before, during, and after POCUS during OHCA. RESULTS In all 42 cases it was possible to perform POCUS during regular rhythm analyses, and no additional hands-off time was required. In 40 of these 42 cases, the physicians were able to perform POCUS during a single regular rhythm analysis, with two periods required only in two cases. The median hands-off time during these rhythm analyses for POCUS with tele-support was 10 (8-13) seconds, and 11 (9-14) seconds for POCUS without tele-support. Furthermore, as a result of POCUS, in a quarter of all cases the physician on scene altered their diagnosis of the primary suspected cause of cardiac arrest, leading to a change in treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study demonstrated that POCUS with tele-support can be safely performed during OHCA in an urban environment. Trial Registration (before patient enrolment): ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04817475.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hafner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Waehringer Straße 104/10, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Manschein
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - D A Klaus
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Schaubmayr
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tiboldi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Scharner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Gleiss
- Centre for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Thal
- Emergency Medical Service Vienna, Radetzkystrasse 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Krammel
- Emergency Medical Service Vienna, Radetzkystrasse 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; PULS - Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association, Lichtenthaler Gasse 4/1/R03, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Hamp
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Emergency Medical Service Vienna, Radetzkystrasse 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Willschke
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Waehringer Straße 104/10, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Waehringer Straße 104/10, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lang R, Welponer T, Richtig E, Wolf I, Hoeller C, Hafner C, Nguyen VA, Kofler J, Barta M, Koelblinger P, Hitzl W, Emberger M, Laimer M. Nivolumab for locally advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (NIVOSQUACS study)-Phase II data covering impact of concomitant haematological malignancies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1799-1810. [PMID: 37210651 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies, such as cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, against the programmed death receptor (PD)-1 have become the current standard of care and first-line treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), proving remarkable clinical benefit and acceptable safety. OBJECTIVES To assess efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic cSCC. METHODS Patients received open-label nivolumab 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks for up to 24 months. Patients with concomitant haematological malignancies (CHMs), either non-progressing or stable under active therapy, were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Of 31 patients with a median age of 80 years, 22.6% of patients achieved an investigator assessed complete response, resulting in an objective response rate (ORR) of 61.3% and a disease control rate (DCR) of 64.5%. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.1 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached after 24 weeks of therapy. Median follow-up was 23.82 months. Subgroup analysis of the CHM cohort (n = 11; 35%) revealed an ORR of 45.5%, a DCR of 54.5%, a median PFS of 10.9 months, and median OS of 20.7 months. Treatment related adverse events were reported in 58.1% of all patients (19.4% grade 3, the remaining grade 1 or 2). PD-L1 expression and CD-8+ T-cell infiltration did not significantly correlate with clinical response, although a trend towards a shorter PFS of 5.6 months was observed with PD-L1 negativity and low CD8+ intratumoral infiltration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated robust clinical efficacy of nivolumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic cSCCs and a tolerability comparable to data of other anti-PD-1 antibodies. Favourable outcomes were obtained despite involving the oldest hitherto reported study cohort for anti-PD-1 antibodies and a significant proportion of CHM patients prone to high risk tumours and an aggressive course otherwise typically excluded from clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Welponer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Richtig
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - I Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Hoeller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - V A Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Kofler
- Department of Dermatology, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - M Barta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital of Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels-Grieskirchen, Austria
| | - P Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - W Hitzl
- Research and Innovation Management, Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - M Laimer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang B, Cai Z, Hafner C, Liu G. Time-Varying Mixture Copula Models with Copula Selection. Stat Sin 2021. [DOI: 10.5705/ss.202020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Hoeller C, Ressler J, Karasek M, Lopez VA, Koch L, Kehrer H, Koelblinger P, Weihsengruber F, Kofler J, Richtig E, Michielin O, Hafner C. Real life use of talimogene laherparepvec in melanoma in centers in Austria and Switzerland. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz255.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Palladino C, Narzt MS, Bublin M, Schreiner M, Humeniuk P, Gschwandtner M, Hafner C, Hemmer W, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Mildner M, Palomares O, Gruber F, Breiteneder H. Peanut lipids display potential adjuvanticity by triggering a pro-inflammatory response in human keratinocytes. Allergy 2018; 73:1746-1749. [PMID: 29747215 PMCID: PMC6095042 DOI: 10.1111/all.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Palladino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. S. Narzt
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Bublin
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Schreiner
- Institute of Food Science; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Vienna Austria
| | - P. Humeniuk
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Hafner
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital St. Poelten; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; St. Poelten Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research; Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft; St. Poelten Austria
| | - W. Hemmer
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center; Vienna Austria
| | | | - M. Mildner
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - O. Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - F. Gruber
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - H. Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Emboras A, Alabastri A, Ducry F, Cheng B, Salamin Y, Ma P, Andermatt S, Baeuerle B, Josten A, Hafner C, Luisier M, Nordlander P, Leuthold J. Atomic Scale Photodetection Enabled by a Memristive Junction. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6706-6713. [PMID: 29939718 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical control of atomic relocations in a metallic quantum point contact is of great interest because it addresses the fundamental limit of "CMOS scaling". Here, by developing a platform for combined electronics and photonics on the atomic scale, we demonstrate an optically controlled electronic switch based on the relocation of atoms. It is shown through experiments and simulations how the interplay between electrical, optical, and light-induced thermal forces can reversibly relocate a few atoms and enable atomic photodetection with a digital electronic response, a high resistance extinction ratio (70 dB), and a low OFF-state current (10 pA) at room temperature. Additionally, the device introduced here displays an optically induced pinched hysteretic current (optical memristor). The photodetector has been tested in an experiment with real optical data at 0.5 Gbit/s, from which an eye diagram visualizing millions of detection cycles could be produced. This demonstrates the durability of the realized atomic scale devices and establishes them as alternatives to traditional photodetectors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yanagisawa H, Ciappina M, Hafner C, Schötz J, Osterwalder J, Kling MF. Optical Control of Young's Type Double-slit Interferometer for Laser-induced Electron Emission from a Nano-tip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12661. [PMID: 28978914 PMCID: PMC5627254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interference experiments with electrons in a vacuum can illuminate both the quantum and the nanoscale nature of the underlying physics. An interference experiment requires two coherent waves, which can be generated by splitting a single coherent wave using a double slit. If the slit-edge separation is larger than the coherence width at the slit, no interference appears. Here we employed variations in surface barrier at the apex of a tungsten nano-tip as slits and achieved an optically controlled double slit, where the separation and opening-and-closing of the two slits can be controlled by respectively adjusting the intensity and polarization of ultrashort laser pulses. Using this technique, we have demonstrated interference between two electron waves emitted from the tip apex, where interference has never been observed prior to this technique because of the large slit-edge separation. Our findings pave the way towards simple time-resolved electron holography on e.g. molecular adsorbates employing just a nano-tip and a screen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yanagisawa
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748, Garching, Germany. .,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Ciappina
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Hafner
- Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schötz
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonjour R, Burla M, Abrecht FC, Welschen S, Hoessbacher C, Heni W, Gebrewold SA, Baeuerle B, Josten A, Salamin Y, Haffner C, Johnston PV, Elder DL, Leuchtmann P, Hillerkuss D, Fedoryshyn Y, Dalton LR, Hafner C, Leuthold J. Plasmonic phased array feeder enabling ultra-fast beam steering at millimeter waves. Opt Express 2016; 24:25608-25618. [PMID: 27828496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated microwave phoneeded for beamtonics phased array antenna feeder at 60 GHz with a record-low footprint. Our design is based on ultra-compact plasmonic phase modulators (active area <2.5µm2) that not only provide small size but also ultra-fast tuning speed. In our design, the integrated circuit footprint is in fact only limited by the contact pads of the electrodes and by the optical feeding waveguides. Using the high speed of the plasmonic modulators, we demonstrate beam steering with less than 1 ns reconfiguration time, i.e. the beam direction is reconfigured in-between 1 GBd transmitted symbols.
Collapse
|
9
|
Groesser L, Singer S, Peterhof E, Landthaler M, Heigl U, Schneider-Brachert W, Berneburg M, Hafner C. KRAS, HRAS and EGFR Mutations in Sporadic Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:737-41. [PMID: 26804118 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) is a benign skin lesion, with a high prevalence in the general population. Although SGH has been attributed to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the underlying genetic changes have not yet been characterized. Recently, HRAS and KRAS mutations have been identified in sebaceous naevus, a hamartoma sharing histological characteristics with SGH. Therefore we screened 43 SGH for activating mutations in RAS genes and other oncogenes. We identified a wide spectrum of mutually exclusive activating HRAS (8/43), KRAS (11/43) and EGFR mutations (7/31) in altogether 60% of the lesions investigated. A RAS and EGFR wildtype status was found in 15 normal sebaceous glands in the head and neck area. Our findings indicate that activating HRAS, KRAS and EGFR mutations play a major role in the pathogenesis of sporadic SGH. These results support the concept that SGH is a true benign neoplasm rather than a reactive hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, DE-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Groesser L, Peterhof E, Evert M, Landthaler M, Berneburg M, Hafner C. BRAF and RAS Mutations in Sporadic and Secondary Pyogenic Granuloma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:481-6. [PMID: 26802240 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common benign vascular skin lesion presenting as a rapidly growing angiomatous papule. The pathogenesis of most sporadic PGs and PGs associated with port wine stains (PWSs) remains elusive. We report that of 10 PGs secondarily arisen on a PWS, 8 showed a BRAF c.1799T>A (p.(Val600Glu)) and 1 a NRAS c.182A>G (p.(Gln61Arg)) mutation. The GNAQ c.548G>A mutation was identified in the PG and in the respective underlying PWS, indicating that PGs originate from cells of the PWS. In contrast to PG, 12 papulonodular lesions, which had developed in the PWSs of seven patients, showed a RAS and BRAF wild-type status. In sporadic PG we identified the BRAF c.1799T>A mutation in 3 of 25, a BRAF c.1391G>A mutation in 1 of 25, and a KRAS c.37G>C mutation in 1 of 25. Mutation-specific immunohistochemical detection of BRAF p.(Val600Glu) confirmed endothelial cells as carriers of the mutation in secondary and sporadic PG. Our study identifies the BRAF c.1799T>A mutation as a major driver mutation in the pathogenesis of, particularly, secondary PG. These data shed light on the hitherto undetermined genetic basis of PG and classify PG as a benign neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Eva Peterhof
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Twigg SRF, Hufnagel RB, Miller KA, Zhou Y, McGowan SJ, Taylor J, Craft J, Taylor JC, Santoro SL, Huang T, Hopkin RJ, Brady AF, Clayton-Smith J, Clericuzio CL, Grange DK, Groesser L, Hafner C, Horn D, Temple IK, Dobyns WB, Curry CJ, Jones MC, Wilkie AOM. A Recurrent Mosaic Mutation in SMO, Encoding the Hedgehog Signal Transducer Smoothened, Is the Major Cause of Curry-Jones Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1256-1265. [PMID: 27236920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Curry-Jones syndrome (CJS) is a multisystem disorder characterized by patchy skin lesions, polysyndactyly, diverse cerebral malformations, unicoronal craniosynostosis, iris colobomas, microphthalmia, and intestinal malrotation with myofibromas or hamartomas. Cerebellar medulloblastoma has been described in a single affected individual; in another, biopsy of skin lesions showed features of trichoblastoma. The combination of asymmetric clinical features, patchy skin manifestations, and neoplastic association previously led to the suggestion that this could be a mosaic condition, possibly involving hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we show that CJS is caused by recurrent somatic mosaicism for a nonsynonymous variant in SMO (c.1234C>T [p.Leu412Phe]), encoding smoothened (SMO), a G-protein-coupled receptor that transduces Hh signaling. We identified eight mutation-positive individuals (two of whom had not been reported previously) with highly similar phenotypes and demonstrated varying amounts of the mutant allele in different tissues. We present detailed findings from brain MRI in three mutation-positive individuals. Somatic SMO mutations that result in constitutive activation have been described in several tumors, including medulloblastoma, ameloblastoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Strikingly, the most common of these mutations is the identical nonsynonymous variant encoding p.Leu412Phe. Furthermore, this substitution has been shown to activate SMO in the absence of Hh signaling, providing an explanation for tumor development in CJS. This raises therapeutic possibilities for using recently generated Hh-pathway inhibitors. In summary, our work uncovers the major genetic cause of CJS and illustrates strategies for gene discovery in the context of low-level tissue-specific somatic mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, MLC 4006, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kerry A Miller
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J McGowan
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jude Craft
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stephanie L Santoro
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, MLC 4006, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, MLC 4006, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, MLC 4006, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Carol L Clericuzio
- Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The atom sets an ultimate scaling limit to Moore's law in the electronics industry. While electronics research already explores atomic scales devices, photonics research still deals with devices at the micrometer scale. Here we demonstrate that photonic scaling, similar to electronics, is only limited by the atom. More precisely, we introduce an electrically controlled plasmonic switch operating at the atomic scale. The switch allows for fast and reproducible switching by means of the relocation of an individual or, at most, a few atoms in a plasmonic cavity. Depending on the location of the atom either of two distinct plasmonic cavity resonance states are supported. Experimental results show reversible digital optical switching with an extinction ratio of 9.2 dB and operation at room temperature up to MHz with femtojoule (fJ) power consumption for a single switch operation. This demonstration of an integrated quantum device allowing to control photons at the atomic level opens intriguing perspectives for a fully integrated and highly scalable chip platform, a platform where optics, electronics, and memory may be controlled at the single-atom level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Emboras
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Niegemann
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Haffner
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pedersen
- Computational Nanoelectronics Group, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Luisier
- Computational Nanoelectronics Group, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hafner
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Applied Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salamin Y, Heni W, Haffner C, Fedoryshyn Y, Hoessbacher C, Bonjour R, Zahner M, Hillerkuss D, Leuchtmann P, Elder D, Dalton LR, Hafner C, Leuthold J. Direct Conversion of Free Space Millimeter Waves to Optical Domain by Plasmonic Modulator Antenna. Nano Lett 2015; 15:8342-6. [PMID: 26570995 PMCID: PMC4710456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for the direct conversion of millimeter and THz waves to optical signals is introduced. The compact device consists of a plasmonic phase modulator that is seamlessly cointegrated with an antenna. Neither high-speed electronics nor electronic amplification is required to drive the modulator. A built-in enhancement of the electric field by a factor of 35,000 enables the direct conversion of millimeter-wave signals to the optical domain. This high enhancement is obtained via a resonant antenna that is directly coupled to an optical field by means of a plasmonic modulator. The suggested concept provides a simple and cost-efficient alternative solution to conventional schemes where millimeter-wave signals are first converted to the electrical domain before being up-converted to the optical domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Salamin
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Heni
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Haffner
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuriy Fedoryshyn
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hoessbacher
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Bonjour
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zahner
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hillerkuss
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Leuchtmann
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Delwin
L. Elder
- University
of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Larry R. Dalton
- University
of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christian Hafner
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- ETH
Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields
(IEF), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heni W, Hoessbacher C, Haffner C, Fedoryshyn Y, Baeuerle B, Josten A, Hillerkuss D, Salamin Y, Bonjour R, Melikyan A, Kohl M, Elder DL, Dalton LR, Hafner C, Leuthold J. High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions. Opt Express 2015; 23:29746-57. [PMID: 26698457 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.029746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic modulators might pave the way for a new generation of compact low-power high-speed optoelectronic devices. We introduce an extremely compact transmitter based on plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulators offering a capacity of 4 × 36 Gbit/s on a footprint that is only limited by the size of the high-speed contact pads. The transmitter array is contacted through a multicore fiber with a channel spacing of 50 μm.
Collapse
|
15
|
Garcia-Käufer M, Gartiser S, Hafner C, Schiwy S, Keiter S, Gründemann C, Hollert H. Genotoxic and teratogenic effect of freshwater sediment samples from the Rhine and Elbe River (Germany) in zebrafish embryo using a multi-endpoint testing strategy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:16341-16357. [PMID: 25471716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The embryotoxic potential of three model sediment samples with a distinct and well-characterized pollutant burden from the main German river basins Rhine and Elbe was investigated. The Fish Embryo Contact Test (FECT) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was applied and submitted to further development to allow for a comprehensive risk assessment of such complex environmental samples. As particulate pollutants are constructive constituents of sediments, they underlay episodic source-sink dynamics, becoming available to benthic organisms. As bioavailability of xenobiotics is a crucial factor for ecotoxicological hazard, we focused on the direct particle-exposure pathway, evaluating throughput-capable endpoints and considering toxicokinetics. Fish embryo and larvae were exposed toward reconstituted (freeze-dried) sediment samples on a microcosm-scale experimental approach. A range of different developmental embryonic stages were considered to gain knowledge of potential correlations with metabolic competence during the early embryogenesis. Morphological, physiological, and molecular endpoints were investigated to elucidate induced adverse effects, placing particular emphasis on genomic instability, assessed by the in vivo comet assay. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the extent of induced cell death, since cytotoxicity can lead to confounding effects. The implementation of relative toxicity indices further provides inter-comparability between samples and related studies. All of the investigated sediments represent a significant ecotoxicological hazard by disrupting embryogenesis in zebrafish. Beside the induction of acute toxicity, morphological and physiological embryotoxic effects could be identified in a concentration-response manner. Increased DNA strand break frequency was detected after sediment contact in characteristic non-monotonic dose-response behavior due to overlapping cytotoxic effects. The embryonic zebrafish toxicity model along with the in vivo comet assay and molecular biomarker analysis should prospectively be considered to assess the ecotoxicological potential of sediments allowing for a comprehensive hazard ranking. In order to elucidate mode of action, novel techniques such as flow cytometry have been adopted and proved to be valuable tools for advanced risk assessment and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Käufer
- Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzingerstr. 109, 79098, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBT-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - S Gartiser
- Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzingerstr. 109, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Hafner
- Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzingerstr. 109, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBT-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Keiter
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBT-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - C Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBT-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu J, Hafner C, Schramel JP, Kaun C, Krychtiuk KA, Wojta J, Boehme S, Ullrich R, Tretter EV, Markstaller K, Klein KU. Cyclic and constant hyperoxia cause inflammation, apoptosis and cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 60:492-501. [PMID: 26489399 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative high-dose oxygen (O2 ) exposure can cause hyperoxia. While the effect of constant hyperoxia on the vascular endothelium has been investigated to some extent, the impact of cyclic hyperoxia largely remains unknown. We hypothesized that cyclic hyperoxia would induce more injury than constant hyperoxia to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS HUVECs were exposed to cyclic hyperoxia (5-95% O2 ) or constant hyperoxia (95% O2 ), normoxia (21% O2 ), and hypoxia (5% O2 ). Cell growth, viability (Annexin V/propidium iodide and 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), release, cytokine (interleukin, IL and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF) release, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of cell lysate were assessed at baseline and 8, 24, and 72 h. A signal transduction pathway finder array for gene expression analysis was performed after 8 h. RESULTS Constant and cyclic hyperoxia-induced gradually detrimental effects on HUVECs. After 72 h, constant or cyclic hyperoxia exposure induced change in cytotoxic (LDH +12%, P = 0.026; apoptosis +121/61%, P < 0.01; alive cells -15%, P < 0.01; MTT -16/15%, P < 0.01), inflammatory (IL-6 +142/190%, P < 0.01; IL-8 +72/43%, P < 0.01; MIF +147/93%, P < 0.01), or redox-sensitive (SOD +278%, TAC-25% P < 0.01) markers. Gene expression analysis revealed that constant and cyclic hyperoxia exposure differently activates oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B, Notch, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways. CONCLUSIONS Extreme hyperoxia exposure induces inflammation, apoptosis and cell death in HUVECs. Although our findings cannot be transferred to clinical settings, results suggest that hyperoxia exposure may cause vascular injury that could play a role in determining perioperative outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Anesthesiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - C. Hafner
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. P. Schramel
- Unit of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Core Facilities; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. A. Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Core Facilities; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Boehme
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Ullrich
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. V. Tretter
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Markstaller
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. U. Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia; General Intensive Care and Pain Management; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hart C, Vogelhuber M, Hafner C, Landthaler M, Berneburg M, Haferkamp S, Herr W, Reichle A. Biomodulatory metronomic therapy in stage IV melanoma is well-tolerated and may induce prolonged progression-free survival, a phase I trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e119-e121. [PMID: 26417987 PMCID: PMC5108438 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Vogelhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dorodnyy A, Alarcon-Lladó E, Shklover V, Hafner C, Fontcuberta i Morral A, Leuthold J. Efficient Multiterminal Spectrum Splitting via a Nanowire Array Solar Cell. ACS Photonics 2015; 2:1284-1288. [PMID: 26878027 PMCID: PMC4727932 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-based solar cells opened a new avenue for increasing conversion efficiency and rationalizing material use by growing different III-V materials on silicon substrates. Here, we propose a multiterminal nanowire solar cell design with a theoretical conversion efficiency of 48.3% utilizing an efficient lateral spectrum splitting between three different III-V material nanowire arrays grown on a flat silicon substrate. This allows choosing an ideal material combination to achieve the proper spectrum splitting as well as fabrication feasibility. The high efficiency is possible due to an enhanced absorption cross-section of standing nanowires and optimization of the geometric parameters. Furthermore, we propose a multiterminal contacting scheme that can be fabricated with a technology close to standard CMOS. As an alternative we also consider a single power source with a module level voltage matching. These new concepts open avenues for next-generation solar cells for terrestrial and space applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dorodnyy
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Alarcon-Lladó
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, EPFL Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valery Shklover
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hafner
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juerg Leuthold
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mihaljevic J, Hafner C, Meixner AJ. Grating enhanced apertureless near-field optical microscopy. Opt Express 2015; 23:18401-18414. [PMID: 26191898 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine the possibility of optimizing the emission and the near-field signal of apertureless silver and gold tips by using an optimized non-periodic grating. In this context, we consider the emission of a single quantum emitter in close proximity to optimized tips. Additionally, we study the far-field coupling efficiency of a tightly focused beam to the near-field of the tip. The gain in performance is compared with unstructured tips and the comparison with a pure plasmonic excitation of an unstructured tip is discussed. The optimized, structured tips show a significant enhancement of the total decay rate, as a result of standing plasmonic waves between the grating and the tip apex, leading to a resonant behavior. The resonances can be explained well with a Fabry-Pérot model. Furthermore, the total decay rate of an emitter near a structured tip can also be decreased as compared to an unstructured tip, when the grating is shifted from the optimal resonant position. The proposed scheme represents an interesting novel nano-antenna, for which the resonance as well as the directivity can be controlled by the grating.
Collapse
|
20
|
Brueggemann C, Weide B, Goldinger SM, Konrad A, Erdmann M, Schadendorf D, Croner RS, Kraehenbuehl L, Kaehler KC, Hafner C, Leisgang W, Kiesewetter F, Dummer R, Schuler G, Stürzl M, Heinzerling L. Association of PD-L1 expression in melanoma with response and prognosis to ipilimumab. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.9044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Konrad
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland S. Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kraehenbuehl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina C. Kaehler
- University Hospital (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Department of Dermatology, Kiel, Germany, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Waltraud Leisgang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Livingstone E, Hillen U, Hafner C, Piel S, Groesser L, Schadendorf D, Happle R. Segmentally arranged seborrhoeic keratoses with impending atypia and squamous cell carcinoma in an elderly woman. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1642-1645. [PMID: 25420590 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal naevi (EN) are considered mosaic disorders. Postzygotic mutations are thought to occur during early embryogenesis. They are usually arranged along Blaschko's lines and tend to be noted either at birth or shortly thereafter. Skin tumours arising on EN are occasionally reported, with ongoing discussion as to whether these are collision tumours or a malignant transformation of the EN. We describe a 76-year-old woman with segmentally arranged seborrhoeic keratoses that showed impending atypia and, in one lesion, even overt malignant transformation. In biopsies from various lesions we found FGFR3 and PIK3CA hotspot mutations but there was no consistent pattern of mutations explaining the premalignant or malignant growth. So far it is unclear whether the precancerous changes as noted in this elderly patient can be taken as an unusual manifestation of one of the established types of EN, or whether this may represent a separate disorder that could be called 'SASKIA naevus'. The acronym would stand for segmentally arranged seborrhoeic keratoses with impending atypia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Tumor Center, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - U Hillen
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Tumor Center, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Piel
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Tumor Center, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Tumor Center, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - R Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bonjour R, Gebrewold SA, Hillerkuss D, Hafner C, Leuthold J. Continuously tunable true-time delays with ultra-low settling time. Opt Express 2015; 23:6952-6964. [PMID: 25836915 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-fast, continuously tunable true-time delays are key components in many microwave and optical communications subsystems. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate a new implementation method of a continuously tunable true-time delay featuring a settling time in the order of tens of picoseconds. Our solution relies on the splitting and combining of complementary phased shifted spectra (CPSS). It works for large bandwidth signals, has a low complexity, offers moderate losses, and can be fully integrated.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shen AS, Peterhof E, Kind P, Rütten A, Zelger B, Landthaler M, Berneburg M, Hafner C, Groesser L. Activating mutations in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in sporadic trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:272-6. [PMID: 25532942 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoblastoma (TB) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) are both rare adnexal skin lesions occurring either sporadically or as secondary neoplasms in sebaceous nevi. TB and SCAP associated with sebaceous nevi have been shown to carry the same HRAS mutation as the underlying nevus. However, the genetic background of sporadic TB and SCAP has remained unknown. Therefore, we screened 18 sporadic TBs and 23 sporadic syringocystadenoma papillifera from 41 patients for the presence of activating mutations in RAS genes and other oncogenes. Using a RAS SNaPshot assay, HRAS mutations were detected in 2 (11%) of 18 sporadic TB and 6 (26%) of 23 sporadic syringocystadenoma papillifera. A KRAS mutation was identified in 1 sporadic SCAP. High-throughput oncogene mutation profiling furthermore identified BRAF V600E mutations in sporadic syringocystadenoma papillifera, which could be validated in 12 (52%) of 23 lesions using a BRAF SNaPshot assay. BRAF and RAS mutations were mutually exclusive in sporadic syringocystadenoma papillifera. No BRAF mutation could be detected in 3 syringocystadenoma papillifera secondarily arisen from a sebaceous nevus as well as in sporadic TB. In 14 lesions carrying an oncogenic mutation, nonlesional control tissue from the epidermal margin revealed a wild-type sequence, thus proving the somatic character of the mutation. Our results indicate that activation of the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by BRAF and RAS mutations contributes significantly to the tumorigenesis of sporadic SCAP and, less frequently, of sporadic TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Shen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Peterhof
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kind
- Dermatohistological Laboratory Prof. Kind, 63065 Offenbach, Germany
| | - Arno Rütten
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, 88048 Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Dermatohistological Laboratory, Sonnenstr. 7, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schrama D, Groesser L, Ugurel S, Hafner C, Pastrana DV, Buck CB, Cerroni L, Theiler A, Becker JC. Presence of human polyomavirus 6 in mutation-specific BRAF inhibitor-induced epithelial proliferations. JAMA Dermatol 2014; 150:1180-6. [PMID: 24943872 PMCID: PMC8369517 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A frequent adverse effect of mutation-specific BRAF inhibitor therapy is the induction of epithelial proliferations including cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. To date, the only factor identified contributing to their development is the activation of the mitogen-activated signal transduction cascade by mutations in the RAS genes. However, these mutations explain only 60% of the tumors; hence, it is important to identify what is causing the remaining tumors. OBJECTIVE To test for the presence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the recently identified human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV), as well as HPyV-6, HPyV-7, HPyV-9, and HPyV-10, in epithelial proliferations occurring after BRAF inhibitor therapy to determine whether these oncogenic viruses may contribute to BRAF inhibitor-induced skin tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective study at a university hospital in Austria of epithelial proliferations that developed in patients with melanoma after initiation of treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Samples were analyzed for (1) presence of the most frequently observed RAS mutations by SNaPshot technology, (2) detection of the viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and (3) presence of capsid proteins of the most abundantly detected virus by immunohistochemical analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES RAS mutational status, as well as HPV and HPyV presence, in BRAF inhibitor-induced epithelial proliferations. RESULTS Eighteen biopsy samples from 6 patients were retrieved from our hospital's archive. We identified RAS mutations in 10 (62%) of the 16 samples with clear results. DNA of HPyV-9, HPyV-10, and TSPyV were virtually absent in the samples. MCPyV DNA was present in 13 of 18 samples, and HPV, HPyV-6, and HPyV-7 DNA were present in all samples. In general, the amount of DNA encoding the latter viruses was rather low, with the exception of HPyV-6 in several samples of 1 individual patient. Notably, the relevance of the presence of HPyV-6 in the epithelial proliferation was underlined by immunohistochemical detection of the core protein VP1 of HPyV-6. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The presence of both high HPyV-6 DNA load and VP1 protein suggests that polyomaviruses may contribute to the epithelial proliferations observed in patients receiving BRAF inhibitor therapy, albeit the relative impact as compared with that of RAS mutations appears circumstantial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria2Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana V Pastrana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher B Buck
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gantner S, Rütten A, Requena L, Gassenmaier G, Landthaler M, Hafner C. CHILD syndrome with mild skin lesions: histopathologic clues for the diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:787-90. [PMID: 25093865 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CHILD syndrome is an acronym signifying congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects. A 27-year-old woman presented with chronic verrucous and hyperkeratotic skin lesions involving the left genital area, left hand and left foot since childhood. The histopathologic findings were consistent with verruciform xanthoma. In correlation with the clinical picture of a linear lesion, the diagnosis of CHILD nevus was made. Subsequent genetic analysis identified a germline c.324C>T (p.A105V) NSDHL mutation and confirmed a diagnosis of CHILD syndrome. This syndrome can be associated with only minimal clinical symptoms. The anatomical distribution of the lesions, a static clinical course and the typical histopathologic features of a CHILD nevus can serve as the clue to a diagnosis of CHILD syndrome in such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gantner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moser W, Thier K, Hafner C, Trautinger F, Ungersbock K, Sedivy R, Oberndorfer S. P08.19 * PRIMARY INTRATHECAL MELANOMA ARISING FROM MENINGEAL MELANOCYTOSIS: A CASE REPORT. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Boyvat M, Hafner C, Leuthold J. Wireless control and selection of forces and torques--towards wireless engines. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5681. [PMID: 25034467 PMCID: PMC4102905 DOI: 10.1038/srep05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Powering and manipulating translational and rotational motions of objects wirelessly, and controlling several objects independently is of significant importance in numerous fields such as robotics, medicine, biology, fluid dynamics, optics. We propose a method based on coupled LC resonators, to control objects selectively by steering the frequency of an external magnetic field. This concept does not need any magnetic materials and it brings a rich variety of features concerning forces and torques. We theoretically and experimentally show that the forces can be enhanced by the interaction of resonators and that both direction and magnitude of forces can be controlled by the frequency of the applied external magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrate interesting rotational effects, such as bi-directionally controllable torques, controllable stable orientations, and spinning, which leads to a wirelessly powered motor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Boyvat
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Hafner
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Leuthold
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hassel JC, Groesser L, Herschberger E, Weichert W, Hafner C. RAS mutations in benign epithelial tumors associated with BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:636-639. [PMID: 25118623 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Herschberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Ulmer A, Dietz K, Hodak I, Polzer B, Scheitler S, Yildiz M, Czyz Z, Lehnert P, Fehm T, Hafner C, Schanz S, Röcken M, Garbe C, Breuninger H, Fierlbeck G, Klein CA. Quantitative measurement of melanoma spread in sentinel lymph nodes and survival. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001604. [PMID: 24558354 PMCID: PMC3928050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node spread is a crucial factor in melanoma outcome. We aimed to define the impact of minimal cancer spread and of increasing numbers of disseminated cancer cells on melanoma-specific survival. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed 1,834 sentinel nodes from 1,027 patients with ultrasound node-negative melanoma who underwent sentinel node biopsy between February 8, 2000, and June 19, 2008, by histopathology including immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunocytology. For immunocytology we recorded the number of disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) per million lymph node cells (DCC density [DCCD]) after disaggregation and immunostaining for the melanocytic marker gp100. None of the control lymph nodes from non-melanoma patients (n = 52) harbored gp100-positive cells. We analyzed gp100-positive cells from melanoma patients by comparative genomic hybridization and found, in 45 of 46 patients tested, gp100-positive cells displaying genomic alterations. At a median follow-up of 49 mo (range 3-123 mo), 138 patients (13.4%) had died from melanoma. Increased DCCD was associated with increased risk for death due to melanoma (univariable analysis; p<0.001; hazard ratio 1.81, 95% CI 1.61-2.01, for a 10-fold increase in DCCD + 1). Even patients with a positive DCCD ≤3 had an increased risk of dying from melanoma compared to patients with DCCD = 0 (p = 0.04; hazard ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.02-2.58). Upon multivariable testing DCCD was a stronger predictor of death than histopathology. The final model included thickness, DCCD, and ulceration (all p<0.001) as the most relevant prognostic factors, was internally validated by bootstrapping, and provided superior survival prediction compared to the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging categories. CONCLUSIONS Cancer cell dissemination to the sentinel node is a quantitative risk factor for melanoma death. A model based on the combined quantitative effects of DCCD, tumor thickness, and ulceration predicted outcome best, particularly at longer follow-up. If these results are validated in an independent study, establishing quantitative immunocytology in histopathological laboratories may be useful clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ulmer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (AU); (CAK)
| | - Klaus Dietz
- Department of Medical Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Hodak
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scheitler
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Murat Yildiz
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zbigniew Czyz
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Lehnert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Gynecology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schanz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Breuninger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fierlbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Klein
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AU); (CAK)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Basmanav F, Oprisoreanu AM, Pasternack S, Thiele H, Fritz G, Wenzel J, Größer L, Wehner M, Wolf S, Fagerberg C, Bygum A, Altmüller J, Rütten A, Parmentier L, El Shabrawi-Caelen L, Hafner C, Nürnberg P, Kruse R, Schoch S, Hanneken S, Betz R. Mutations in POGLUT1, encoding protein O-glucosyltransferase 1, cause autosomal-dominant Dowling-Degos disease. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:135-43. [PMID: 24387993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis characterized by progressive and disfiguring reticulate hyperpigmentation. We previously identified loss-of-function mutations in KRT5 but were only able to detect pathogenic mutations in fewer than half of our subjects. To identify additional causes of DDD, we performed exome sequencing in five unrelated affected individuals without mutations in KRT5. Data analysis identified three heterozygous mutations from these individuals, all within the same gene. These mutations, namely c.11G>A (p.Trp4*), c.652C>T (p.Arg218*), and c.798-2A>C, are within POGLUT1, which encodes protein O-glucosyltransferase 1. Further screening of unexplained cases for POGLUT1 identified six additional mutations, as well as two of the above described mutations. Immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies of affected individuals with POGLUT1 mutations showed significantly weaker POGLUT1 staining in comparison to healthy controls with strong localization of POGLUT1 in the upper parts of the epidermis. Immunoblot analysis revealed that translation of either wild-type (WT) POGLUT1 or of the protein carrying the p.Arg279Trp substitution led to the expected size of about 50 kDa, whereas the c.652C>T (p.Arg218*) mutation led to translation of a truncated protein of about 30 kDa. Immunofluorescence analysis identified a colocalization of the WT protein with the endoplasmic reticulum and a notable aggregating pattern for the truncated protein. Recently, mutations in POFUT1, which encodes protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, were also reported to be responsible for DDD. Interestingly, both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 are essential regulators of Notch activity. Our results furthermore emphasize the important role of the Notch pathway in pigmentation and keratinocyte morphology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
We investigate numerically a Scanning Near field Optical Microscope (SNOM) that uses a Parabolic Mirror (PM) to focus a radially polarized beam on a metallic tip. In order to overcome problems--like overestimated near fields or resonances--that arise when only considering finite tips, we have introduced a semi-infinite continuation of the tip, which incorporates the analytic solution of surface waves. For a realistic modeling the right description of the incident field is essential and we have complied with this requirement by a Bessel expansion of the focal fields, which is also applicable to an aplanatic objective. The established numerical model is used for an extensive study of model parameters like tip geometry, illumination directions and tip materials (Ag, Au, Al and Cu). Compared with a simplified inverted microscope configuration, the PM setup shows an increased field enhancement (factor of 2-2.5), which can be ascribed to the efficient coupling of the exciting field to tip surface plasmons.
Collapse
|
33
|
Scholder O, Jefimovs K, Shorubalko I, Hafner C, Sennhauser U, Bona GL. Helium focused ion beam fabricated plasmonic antennas with sub-5 nm gaps. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:395301. [PMID: 24013454 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/39/395301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a reliable fabrication method to produce plasmonic dipole nanoantennas with gap values in the range of 3.5-20 nm. The method combines electron beam lithography to create gold nanorods and helium focused ion beam milling to cut the gaps. Results show a reproducibility within 1 nm. Scattering spectra of antennas show a red shift of resonance wavelengths and an increase of the intensity of resonance peaks with a decrease of the gap size, which is in agreement with finite element simulations. The measured refractive index sensitivity was about 250 nm per refractive index unit for antennas with gap values below 5 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Scholder
- Laboratory for Electronics/Metrology/Reliability, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bublin M, Kostadinova M, Radauer C, Hafner C, Szépfalusi Z, Varga EM, Maleki SJ, Breiteneder H, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. IgE cross-reactivity between the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 and the non-homologous allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 3. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723898 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- K M Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hafner C, Bernthaler T, Knoblauch V, Schneider G. The Materialographic Preparation and Microstructure Characterization of Lithium Ion Accumulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/147.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lithium ion accumulators are widely used already in numerous electronic devices. However, a great deal of research will still be required as to their use as a reliable and efficient energy storage unit in the automotive industry. Their characterization using physical and electrochemical methods has made great progress and was published already. In contrast, the classical materialographic characterization of their microstructure by means of microscopy is applied only to a small extent nowadays. Access by the public to relevant results is scarcely possible.
Properties like capacity and power as well as safety und stability also depend very much on the cell design (e. g. geometry, layer thicknesses) and microstructure (e. g. volume fraction, grain size) of the materials employed. A microstructure analysis by microscopy is intended to provide for a more profound comprehension of the connection between the basic parameters and function here. A challenge is posed by the preparation of a microsection to reveal a representative image of the microstructure without artefacts. The process of materialographic preparation and the potential of various microscopy techniques for visualizing and quantifying the cell components and ageing effects are presented here. The opportunities of characterizing the basic parameters specific to the cells furnishes new knowledge on the properties of battery materials and, hence, will be of great utility for future examinations and further developments of the lithium ion technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hafner
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Aalen, Institut für Materialforschung Aalen, Beethovenstr.1 73430 Aalen, Deutschland. E-mail addresses: , , ,
| | - T. Bernthaler
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Aalen, Institut für Materialforschung Aalen, Beethovenstr.1 73430 Aalen, Deutschland. E-mail addresses: , , ,
| | - V. Knoblauch
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Aalen, Institut für Materialforschung Aalen, Beethovenstr.1 73430 Aalen, Deutschland. E-mail addresses: , , ,
| | - G. Schneider
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Aalen, Institut für Materialforschung Aalen, Beethovenstr.1 73430 Aalen, Deutschland. E-mail addresses: , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Groesser L, Vogt T, Happle R, Herschberger E, Mickler M, Landthaler M, Hafner C. Naevus marginatus revisited: a combined organoid and nonorganoid epidermal naevus caused byHRASmutation. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:892-4. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
"RASopathies" are a group of developmental syndromes with partly overlapping clinical symptoms that are caused by germline mutations of genes within the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Mutations affecting this pathway can also occur in a mosaic state, resulting in congenital syndromes often distinct from those generated by the corresponding germline mutations. For syndromes caused by mosaic mutations of the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, the term "mosaic RASopathies" has been proposed. In the following article, genetic and phenotypic aspects of mosaic RASopathies will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kaspar P, Kappeler R, Jäckel H, Hafner C. Toward low-loss photonic crystal waveguides in InP/InGaAsP heterostructures. Opt Lett 2012; 37:3717-3719. [PMID: 22941001 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Line-defect photonic crystal waveguides exhibit severe propagation losses if they are implemented in semiconductor heterostructures with a weak refractive index contrast. We present, for what we believe is the first time, experimental structures for which we have evidence that fabrication imperfections are not the limiting factor in terms of propagation losses. We demonstrate a loss figure of 335±5 dB/cm, which is an improvement by a factor of about 2 with respect to state-of-the-art values. Simulations show that even lower losses can be obtained with different waveguide geometries. In other words, the dominant loss mechanism is related to the waveguide design, and losses are not expected to decrease upon further optimization of the fabrication process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kaspar
- Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hafner C, Toll A, Gantner S, Mauerer A, Lurkin I, Acquadro F, Fernández-Casado A, Zwarthoff EC, Dietmaier W, Baselga E, Parera E, Vicente A, Casanova A, Cigudosa J, Mentzel T, Pujol RM, Landthaler M, Real FX. Keratinocytic epidermal nevi are associated with mosaic RAS mutations. J Med Genet 2012; 49:249-53. [PMID: 22499344 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating RAS mutations in the germline cause rare developmental disorders such as Costello syndrome. Somatic RAS mutations are found in approximately 30% of human cancers. Keratinocytic epidermal nevi (KEN) represent benign congenital skin lesions arranged along Blaschko's lines. A subgroup of KEN is caused by hotspot oncogenic FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations in mosaicism, but the majority lack these mutations. METHODS This study screened 72 KEN for activating mutations in RAS genes and other oncogenes. RESULTS Activating RAS mutations were identified in 28/72 (39%) of KEN. HRAS was the most commonly affected oncogene (86%), with the HRAS p.G13R substitution representing a new hotspot mutation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that activating RAS somatic mutations leading to mosaicism result in benign KEN of the skin. Given the prevalence of KEN, mosaic HRAS mutations appear to be more common in patients than germline ones. These findings identify KEN as a mosaic RASopathy and lend further support to the notion that genetic mosaicism is an important contributor to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Komarevskiy N, Shklover V, Braginsky L, Hafner C, Lawson J. Potential of glassy carbon and silicon carbide photonic structures as electromagnetic radiation shields for atmospheric re-entry. Opt Express 2012; 20:14189-14200. [PMID: 22714482 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.014189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During high-velocity atmospheric entries, space vehicles can be exposed to strong electromagnetic radiation from ionized gas in the shock layer. Glassy carbon (GC) and silicon carbide (SiC) are candidate thermal protection materials due to their high melting point and also their good thermal and mechanical properties. Based on data from shock tube experiments, a significant fraction of radiation at hypersonic entry conditions is in the frequency range from 215 to 415 THz. We propose and analyze SiC and GC photonic structures to increase the reflection of radiation in that range. For this purpose, we performed numerical optimizations of various structures using an evolutionary strategy. Among the considered structures are layered, porous, woodpile, inverse opal and guided-mode resonance structures. In order to estimate the impact of fabrication inaccuracies, the sensitivity of the reflectivity to structural imperfections is analyzed. We estimate that the reflectivity of GC photonic structures is limited to 38% in the aforementioned range, due to material absorption. However, GC material can be effective for photonic reflection of individual, strong spectral line. SiC on the other hand can be used to design a good reflector for the entire frequency range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Komarevskiy
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Groesser L, Herschberger E, Ruetten A, Ruivenkamp C, Lopriore E, Zutt M, Langmann T, Singer S, Klingseisen L, Schneider-Brachert W, Toll A, Real FX, Landthaler M, Hafner C. Postzygotic HRAS and KRAS mutations cause nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome. Nat Genet 2012; 44:783-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign lichenoid keratoses (BLKs) are solitary skin lesions which have been proposed to represent a regressive form of pre-existent epidermal tumours such as solar lentigo or seborrhoeic keratosis. However, the genetic basis of BLK is unknown. OBJECTIVES FGFR3, PIK3CA and RAS mutations have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic keratosis and solar lentigo. We thus investigated whether these mutations are also present in BLK. METHODS After manual microdissection and DNA isolation, 52 BLKs were screened for FGFR3, PIK3CA and RAS hotspot mutations using SNaPshot(®) multiplex assays. RESULTS We identified 6/52 (12%) FGFR3 mutations, 10/52 (19%) PIK3CA mutations, 6/52 (12%) HRAS mutations and 2/52 (4%) KRAS mutations. FGFR3 and RAS mutations were mutually exclusive. One BLK showed a simultaneous PIK3CA and HRAS mutation. In nine BLKs with a mutation, nonlesional control tissue from the epidermal margin and the dermal lymphocytic infiltrate were wild-type, indicating that these mutations are somatic. To demonstrate that these findings are specific, 10 samples of lichen planus were analysed without evidence for FGFR3, PIK3CA or RAS mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that FGFR3, PIK3CA and RAS mutations are present in approximately 50% of BLKs. These findings support the concept on the molecular genetic level that at least a proportion of BLKs represents regressive variants resulting from former benign epidermal tumours such as seborrhoeic keratosis and solar lentigo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hafner C, Houben R, Baeurle A, Ritter C, Schrama D, Landthaler M, Becker JC. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in Merkel cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31255. [PMID: 22363598 PMCID: PMC3281946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer with an increasing incidence. The understanding of the molecular carcinogenesis of MCC is limited. Here, we scrutinized the PI3K/AKT pathway, one of the major pathways activated in human cancer, in MCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of 41 tumor tissues and 9 MCC cell lines revealed high levels of AKT phosphorylation at threonine 308 in 88% of samples. Notably, the AKT phosphorylation was not correlated with the presence or absence of the Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV). Accordingly, knock-down of the large and small T antigen by shRNA in MCV positive MCC cells did not affect phosphorylation of AKT. We also analyzed 46 MCC samples for activating PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations. Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations were found in 2/46 (4%) MCCs whereas mutations in exon 4 of AKT1 were absent. MCC cell lines demonstrated a high sensitivity towards the PI3K inhibitor LY-294002. This finding together with our observation that the PI3K/AKT pathway is activated in the majority of human MCCs identifies PI3K/AKT as a potential new therapeutic target for MCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mattenklodt P, Ingenhorst A, Flatau B, Wille C, Hafner C, Maihöfner C, Sittl R, Griessinger N. 75 MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN: 6 MONTHS FOLLOW‐UP. Eur J Pain 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mattenklodt
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Ingenhorst
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - C. Wille
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Hafner
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Maihöfner
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R. Sittl
- University Hospital Erlangen Interdisciplinary pain clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Smajic J, Hafner C. Numerical analysis of a SNOM tip based on a partially cladded optical fiber. Opt Express 2011; 19:23140-23152. [PMID: 22109194 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscope (SNOM) tip with partial metallic cladding is presented. For its design, a very demanding 2D eigenvalue analysis of an optical waveguide with material and radiation losses is carried out by the Multiple Multipole Program (MMP) and by the Finite Element Method (FEM). These simulations require some special tricks that are outlined. The computed 2D MMP and FEM results are compared and discussed. This 2D analysis is followed by a full 3D FEM analysis of the SNOM tip. The obtained 3D results confirm the corresponding 2D predictions. Important conclusions regarding the guiding capabilities of the chosen structure and the efficiency of the applied numerical methods are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Smajic
- ABB Switzerland Ltd., Corporate Research, Segelhofstrasse 1K, CH-5405 Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schreml S, Hafner C, Eder F, Landthaler M, Burgdorf W, Babilas P. Kyrle disease and acquired perforating collagenosis secondary to chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. Case Rep Dermatol 2011; 3:209-11. [PMID: 22087093 PMCID: PMC3214844 DOI: 10.1159/000333005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old man with chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus presented with pruritic crusted lesions which histologically were perforating disorders, showing features of both Kyrle disease and acquired perforating collagenosis. The mechanisms of transepidermal elimination and the classification of perforating disorders are briefly discussed. Additionally, we question the concept of perforation, as epidermal damage and exposure of subepidermal substances may artificially present as perforation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Hafner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|