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Pothini T, Wilmot CD, Waters JK, Wait MA, Reznik SI, Jordan KG, Caire JT, Ashworth JM, Cady LC, Lysikowski JR, Yen CF, Weinschenk RC, Samade R, Jessen ME, Kusiak A, Kernstine KH. Clinical and radiological septic joint analysis of spontaneous sternoclavicular joint infections: achieving the best outcomes-a systems engineering approach. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae128. [PMID: 38547389 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spontaneous sternoclavicular joint infection (SSCJI) is a rare and poorly understood disease process. This study aims to identify factors guiding effective management strategies for SSCJI by using data mining. METHODS An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of patients from 2 large hospitals (2010-2022) was conducted. SSCJI is defined as a joint infection without direct trauma or radiation, direct instrumentation or contiguous spread. An interdisciplinary team consisting of thoracic surgeons, radiologists, infectious disease specialists, orthopaedic surgeons, hospital information experts and systems engineers selected relevant variables. Small set data mining algorithms, utilizing systems engineering, were employed to assess the impact of variables on patient outcomes. RESULTS A total of 73 variables were chosen and 54 analysed against 11 different outcomes. Forty-seven patients [mean age 51 (22-82); 77% male] met criteria. Among them, 34 underwent early joint surgical resection (<14 days), 5 patients received delayed surgical intervention (>14 days) and 8 had antibiotic-only management. The antibiotic-only group had comparable outcomes. Indicators of poor outcomes were soft tissue fluid >4.5 cm, previous SSCJI, moderate/significant bony fragments, HgbA1c >13.9% and moderate/significant bony sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that targeted antibiotic-only therapy should be considered initially for SSCJI cases while concurrently managing comorbidities. Patients displaying indicators of poor outcomes or no symptomatic improvement after antibiotic-only therapy should be considered for surgical joint resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushri Pothini
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charles D Wilmot
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John K Waters
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Wait
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott I Reznik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kirk G Jordan
- Division of Chest Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Caire
- Division of Chest Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John M Ashworth
- Department of Health Systems Planning and Analytics, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leah C Cady
- Department of Health Systems Planning and Analytics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerzy R Lysikowski
- Department of Health Systems Planning and Analytics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Weinschenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Sokuthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Samade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Sokuthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Jessen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Kusiak
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kemp H Kernstine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Mahoney MV, Yen CF. One if By Hand, Two if Orally: PICCing the Best Treatment Option. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad663. [PMID: 38352154 PMCID: PMC10863548 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica V Mahoney
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Pharmacy Department, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Maine Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Portland, Maine, USA
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3
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Roy AS, Hagh-Doust H, Abdul Azim A, Caceres J, Denholm JT, Dong MQ(D, King M, Yen CF, Lee TC, McDonald EG. Multidisciplinary Teams for the Management of Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad444. [PMID: 37674631 PMCID: PMC10478154 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The management of infective endocarditis (IE) is complex owing to a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Recent guidelines recommend dedicated multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for the management of IE. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and summarize the effect of MDT management on patient outcomes. Methods A systematic review was performed and, where feasible, results were meta-analyzed; otherwise, results were summarized narratively. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used to calculate unadjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs. Results Screening of 2343 studies based on title and abstract yielded 60 full-text reviews; 18 studies were summarized narratively, of which 15 were included in a meta-analysis of short-term mortality. Meta-analysis resulted in a risk ratio of 0.61 (95% CI, .47-.78; I2 = 62%) for mortality in favor of a dedicated MDT as compared with usual care. Length of stay was variable, with 55% (10/18) of studies reporting an increased length of stay. Most studies (16/18, 88.9%) reported a decreased time to surgery and an increased rate of surgery (13/18, 73%). No studies reported on patient-reported outcomes. Conclusions This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of MDT management on IE. The sum of evidence demonstrated a significant association between MDTs and improved short-term mortality. Further research is needed to evaluate benefits of virtual MDT care, cost-effectiveness, and the impact on patient-reported outcomes and long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Roy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hamila Hagh-Doust
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdul Azim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Caceres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin T Denholm
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mei Qin (Denise) Dong
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacy, New York Health and Hospitals, Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Madeline King
- Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Clinical Pharmacy, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Todd C Lee
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily G McDonald
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Palisano
- Department of Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 , USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75201 , USA
| | - Nicholas J Mercuro
- Department of Pharmacy, Maine Medical Center , 22 Bramhall St., Portland, ME 04102 , USA
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5
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Arnaout R, Lee RA, Lee GR, Callahan C, Cheng A, Yen CF, Smith KP, Arora R, Kirby JE. The Limit of Detection Matters: The Case for Benchmarking Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing. Clin Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 33532847 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.131144v1.full.pdf+html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires diagnostic testing to determine which individuals are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current gold standard is to perform reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples. Best-in-class assays demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of approximately 100 copies of viral RNA per milliliter of transport media. However, LoDs of currently approved assays vary over 10,000-fold. Assays with higher LoDs will miss infected patients. However, the relative clinical sensitivity of these assays remains unknown. METHODS Here we model the clinical sensitivities of assays based on their LoD. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were obtained from 4700 first-time positive patients using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Use Authorization test. We derived viral loads from Ct based on PCR principles and empiric analysis. A sliding scale relationship for predicting clinical sensitivity was developed from analysis of viral load distribution relative to assay LoD. RESULTS Ct values were reliably repeatable over short time testing windows, providing support for use as a tool to estimate viral load. Viral load was found to be relatively evenly distributed across log10 bins of incremental viral load. Based on these data, each 10-fold increase in LoD is expected to lower assay sensitivity by approximately 13%. CONCLUSIONS The assay LoD meaningfully impacts clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests. The highest LoDs on the market will miss a majority of infected patients. Assays should therefore be benchmarked against a universal standard to allow cross-comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cody Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Trottier CA, Yen CF, Malvar G, Arnason J, Avigan DE, Alonso CD. Case Report: Refractory Cryptosporidiosis after CAR T-Cell Therapy for Lymphoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:651-653. [PMID: 34237021 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidial diarrhea is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals, more often seen in severely immunocompromised patients. Severe refractory cases have been described in patients with HIV/AIDS before the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy due to an inability to mount an adequate cellular immune response. We describe an 85-year-old patient post-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy relapsed lymphoma who developed refractory Cryptosporidium spp. diarrhea in the setting of persistent CD4+ cytopenia. Despite receiving multiple antiparasitic agents, including failure of a prolonged course of nitazoxanide, the patient experienced persistent symptoms for 9 months with repeatedly positivity stool Cryptosporidium spp. direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test. We highlight this case of refractory Cryptosporidium spp. and the importance of recognizing the pathogen in a non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Trottier
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grace Malvar
- Division of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Arnason
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Avigan
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn D Alonso
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Bowder AN, Yen CF, Bebell LM, Fernandes AR. Intravenous cephalosporin versus non-cephalosporin-based prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections in colorectal surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 67:102401. [PMID: 34257956 PMCID: PMC8256185 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is common in colorectal surgery patients and associated with morbidity and mortality. Guidelines recommend preoperative intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis with aerobic and anaerobic coverage to reduce SSI risk. Cephalosporin based prophylaxis (CBP) regimens are recommended as first-line prophylaxis, and non-cephalosporin based are recommended as alternative prophylaxis (AP). We evaluate the efficacy of CBP versus AP in preventing surgical site infections in colorectal surgery patients. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of studies published between 2005 and 2020 in MEDLINE and Web of Science. Studies were excluded if intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis was not administered, or if oral and intravenous prophylaxis were routinely co-administered. Heterogeneity was reported using the Q-statistic and I2-statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger test for small study effects. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided p < 0.05. Results 11 studies met inclusion criteria. AP was not associated with increased SSI risk at 30 days compared to CBP (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91, 1.13; OR < 1 favors AP). There was no effect size variability in subgroup analysis comparing higher-to lower-quality studies (I2 = 99%, P = 0.17). Subgroup analysis by publication year approached a significant difference in effect size between studies published prior to 2014 and later than 2014 (I2 = 99%, P = 0.06). Conclusions Meta-analysis of 11 studies of SSI risk in adult colorectal surgery patients suggest that SSI risk is similar for patients receiving CBP or AP, subgroup analysis of studies published since 2014 suggest increased SSI risk with AP compared to CBP. Meta-Analysis found that surgical site infection risk is similar for patients receiving intravenous cephalosporin based or alternative prophylaxis. Subgroup analysis of studies published since 2014 suggest increased surgical site infection risk with alternative prophylaxis compared to cephalosporin based prophylaxis. RCT’s are needed to evaluate trends in SSI risk in cephalosporin-based prophylaxis compared to alternative prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N. Bowder
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
- Corresponding author. 9200 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee WI, 53222, USA. @abowder
| | - Christina F. Yen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bebell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alisha R. Fernandes
- Department of Surgery, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada
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8
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Yen CF, Shim DJ, Gold HS. QT Interval in Patients With COVID-19-Reply. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:358. [PMID: 33084857 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Shim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard S Gold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Arnaout R, Lee RA, Lee GR, Callahan C, Cheng A, Yen CF, Smith KP, Arora R, Kirby JE. The Limit of Detection Matters: The Case for Benchmarking Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e3042-e3046. [PMID: 33532847 PMCID: PMC7929140 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resolving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires diagnostic testing to determine which individuals are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current gold standard is to perform reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples. Best-in-class assays demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of approximately 100 copies of viral RNA per milliliter of transport media. However, LoDs of currently approved assays vary over 10,000-fold. Assays with higher LoDs will miss infected patients. However, the relative clinical sensitivity of these assays remains unknown. Methods Here we model the clinical sensitivities of assays based on their LoD. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were obtained from 4700 first-time positive patients using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Use Authorization test. We derived viral loads from Ct based on PCR principles and empiric analysis. A sliding scale relationship for predicting clinical sensitivity was developed from analysis of viral load distribution relative to assay LoD. Results Ct values were reliably repeatable over short time testing windows, providing support for use as a tool to estimate viral load. Viral load was found to be relatively evenly distributed across log10 bins of incremental viral load. Based on these data, each 10-fold increase in LoD is expected to lower assay sensitivity by approximately 13%. Conclusions The assay LoD meaningfully impacts clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests. The highest LoDs on the market will miss a majority of infected patients. Assays should therefore be benchmarked against a universal standard to allow cross-comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cody Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Mercuro NJ, Yen CF, Shim DJ, Maher TR, McCoy CM, Zimetbaum PJ, Gold HS. Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:1036-1041. [PMID: 32936252 PMCID: PMC7195692 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Administration of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia carries increased risk of corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE To characterize the risk and degree of QT prolongation in patients with COVID-19 in association with their use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cohort study performed at an academic tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts, of patients hospitalized with at least 1 positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test result and clinical findings consistent with pneumonia who received at least 1 day of hydroxychloroquine from March 1, 2020, through April 7, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in QT interval after receiving hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin; occurrence of other potential adverse drug events. RESULTS Among 90 patients given hydroxychloroquine, 53 received concomitant azithromycin; 44 (48.9%) were female, and the mean (SD) body mass index was 31.5 (6.6). Hypertension (in 48 patients [53.3%]) and diabetes mellitus (in 26 patients [28.9%]) were the most common comorbid conditions. The overall median (interquartile range) baseline QTc was 455 (430-474) milliseconds (hydroxychloroquine, 473 [454-487] milliseconds vs hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, 442 [427-461] milliseconds; P < .001). Those receiving concomitant azithromycin had a greater median (interquartile range) change in QT interval (23 [10-40] milliseconds) compared with those receiving hydroxychloroquine alone (5.5 [-15.5 to 34.25] milliseconds; P = .03). Seven patients (19%) who received hydroxychloroquine monotherapy developed prolonged QTc of 500 milliseconds or more, and 3 patients (8%) had a change in QTc of 60 milliseconds or more. Of those who received concomitant azithromycin, 11 of 53 (21%) had prolonged QTc of 500 milliseconds or more and 7 of 53 (13 %) had a change in QTc of 60 milliseconds or more. The likelihood of prolonged QTc was greater in those who received concomitant loop diuretics (adjusted odds ratio, 3.38 [95% CI, 1.03-11.08]) or had a baseline QTc of 450 milliseconds or more (adjusted odds ratio, 7.11 [95% CI, 1.75-28.87]). Ten patients had hydroxychloroquine discontinued early because of potential adverse drug events, including intractable nausea, hypoglycemia, and 1 case of torsades de pointes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, patients who received hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 were at high risk of QTc prolongation, and concurrent treatment with azithromycin was associated with greater changes in QTc. Clinicians should carefully weigh risks and benefits if considering hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, with close monitoring of QTc and concomitant medication usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mercuro
- Department of Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina F Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Shim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Maher
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher M McCoy
- Department of Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J Zimetbaum
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard S Gold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Abstract
Resolving the COVID-19 pandemic requires diagnostic testing to determine which individuals are infected and which are not. The current gold standard is to perform RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal samples. Best-in-class assays demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of ~100 copies of viral RNA per milliliter of transport media. However, LoDs of currently approved assays vary over 10,000-fold. Assays with higher LoDs will miss more infected patients, resulting in more false negatives. However, the false-negative rate for a given LoD remains unknown. Here we address this question using over 27,500 test results for patients from across our healthcare network tested using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA. These results suggest that each 10-fold increase in LoD is expected to increase the false negative rate by 13%, missing an additional one in eight infected patients. The highest LoDs on the market will miss a majority of infected patients, with false negative rates as high as 70%. These results suggest that choice of assay has meaningful clinical and epidemiological consequences. The limit of detection matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA 02215
| | - Rose A. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Cody Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Christina F. Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E. Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Manibog K, Yen CF, Sivasankar S. Measuring Force-Induced Dissociation Kinetics of Protein Complexes Using Single-Molecule Atomic Force Microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2016; 582:297-320. [PMID: 28062039 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteins respond to mechanical force by undergoing conformational changes and altering the kinetics of their interactions. However, the biophysical relationship between mechanical force and the lifetime of protein complexes is not completely understood. In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step tutorial on characterizing the force-dependent regulation of protein interactions using in vitro and in vivo single-molecule force clamp measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM). While we focus on the force-induced dissociation of E-cadherins, a critical cell-cell adhesion protein, the approaches described here can be readily adapted to study other protein complexes. We begin this chapter by providing a brief overview of theoretical models that describe force-dependent kinetics of biomolecular interactions. Next, we present step-by-step methods for measuring the response of single receptor-ligand bonds to tensile force in vitro. Finally, we describe methods for quantifying the mechanical response of single protein complexes on the surface of living cells. We describe general protocols for conducting such measurements, including sample preparation, AFM force clamp measurements, and data analysis. We also highlight critical limitations in current technologies and discuss solutions to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manibog
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
| | - C F Yen
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
| | - S Sivasankar
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States.
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Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Chen CC. The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: a review of the literature. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 27:1-8. [PMID: 22153731 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction is a newly emergent disorder. It has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Information about such coexisting psychiatric disorders is essential to understand the mechanism of Internet addiction. In this review, we have recruited articles mentioning coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction from the PubMed database as at November 3, 2009. We describe the updated results for such disorders of Internet addiction, which include substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, hostility, and social anxiety disorder. We also provide discussion for possible mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction. The review might suggest that combined psychiatric disorders mentioned above should be evaluated and treated to prevent their deteriorating effect on the prognosis of Internet addiction. On the other hand, Internet addiction should be paid more attention to when treating people with these coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction. Additionally, we also suggest future necessary research directions that could provide further important information for the understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yen CF, Lin EC, Wang YH, Wang PH, Lin HW, Hsu JC, Wu LS, Jiang YN, Ding ST. Abundantly expressed hepatic genes and their differential expression in liver of prelaying and laying geese. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1955-62. [PMID: 19687282 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Geese have a short egg-laying period and a low egg production rate. To induce and maintain egg laying, genes related to generating hepatic lipid for yolk deposition should be adequately expressed. Liver mRNA from 6 laying geese was extracted and used for construction of a full-length enriched cDNA library. About 2,400 clones containing gene sequences were determined and National Center for Biotechnology Information Gallus gallus Gene Index databases were used to compare and analyze these sequences. Ten highly expressed genes were selected to determine the differential expression between laying and prelay goose liver. Tissue distribution data showed that very low density apolipoprotein II, liver type fatty acid binding protein, vitellogenin I, and vitellogenin II transcripts were specifically expressed in the liver of laying geese. Ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were highly expressed in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues. Ovotransferrin mRNA was expressed in liver, ovary, oviduct, shell gland, brain, and adipose tissues. The concentration of transthyretin mRNA was high in the liver and brain. The mRNA concentrations of liver type fatty acid binding protein, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and transthyretin in the livers of laying and prelay geese were not different. The concentrations of hepatic ovotransferrin, ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, very low density apolipoprotein II, vitellogenin I, vitellogenin II, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were higher in the liver of laying geese than in prelay geese, suggesting that these genes may be involved in laying function or lipid metabolism related to egg formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology/Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yen CF, Patel MS, Chu P, Yen Y, Chen W. Case report: herpes simplex encephalitis in cancer patients. Biosci Trends 2009; 3:38-40. [PMID: 20103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The manifestation of herpes simplex encephalitis in patients can often be interpreted as a possible brain tumor. In order to make a definite diagnosis, subsequent invasive testing is frequently required. In addition to other routine diagnostic measures, particular symptoms, especially those indicating that a patient is immunocompromised, should be considered as possible evidence indicating presence of this central nervous system (CNS) viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Yen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to detect differential expression of genes in the livers of laying and prelaying geese. Liver tissues from prelaying and laying geese were dissected for mRNA extraction. The cDNA, reverse transcribed from liver mRNA of prelaying geese, was subtracted from the cDNA generated from the laying geese (forward subtraction). Five hundred seventy-six clones with possible differentially expressed gene fragments were observed by forward subtraction hybridization. After differential screening using the reverse and forward subtraction cDNA, 164 clones were subjected to gene sequence determination and further analysis. Using Northern analysis, 5 known and 8 unknown genes were shown to be highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with prelaying geese. Vitellogenin I, apoVLDL-II, ethanolamine kinase, G-protein gamma-5 subunit, and leucyl-tRNA synthase were highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with that from the prelaying geese (P<0.05). The expression of these known genes suggests that their function in the liver of laying geese is primarily involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Several of these differentially expressed genes were found to be responsive to estrogen stimulation, confirming the involvement of these genes in the egg-laying function of the goose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect differential expression of genes in the pituitary gland in laying geese by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Pituitary glands from prelaying and laying geese were dissected for mRNA extraction. The cDNA from pituitary glands of prelaying geese was subtracted from the cDNA from the pituitary glands of laying geese (forward subtraction); the reverse subtraction was also performed. We screened 384 clones with possible differentially expressed gene fragments by differential screening. Sixty-five clones from the differential screening results were subjected to gene sequencing and further analysis. We found that at least 19 genes were highly expressed in the pituitary glands of laying geese compared with prelaying geese. Among these, 6 genes (including 4 novel genes) were confirmed by virtual Northern analysis. We found that prolactin and visinin-like protein were highly expressed in the pituitary glands of laying geese compared with prelaying geese (P < 0.05). Further investigation is needed to demonstrate specific functions of the novel genes discovered in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yen CF, Jiang YN, Shen TF, Wong IM, Chen CC, Chen KC, Chang WC, Tsao YK, Ding ST. Cloning and expression of the genes associated with lipid metabolism in Tsaiya ducks. Poult Sci 2005; 84:67-74. [PMID: 15685944 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) drives the expression of several lipogenic genes, whereas SREBP2 dictates the expression of every gene involved in cholesterolgenesis in mammals. In the current study, we cloned the cDNA fragments for SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and very low density apolipoprotein-II (apoVLDL-II), the genes associated with lipid metabolism. Fifteen ducks immediately before the first egg was laid (18 wk old) and 15 ducks from the same population at an egg production rate of 80% were killed. Total RNA was extracted from liver and used to amplify the targeted genes by reverse transcription-PCR and screening of a cDNA library. The sequence data showed that Tsaiya duck SREBP1, SREBP2, FAS, and HMG-CoA reductase were highly homologous to that of chicken. Tsaiya duck SREBP1 mRNA was expressed in adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, and ovary. The SREBP2 mRNA concentration was highest in liver and ovary. Concentrations of FAS and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA were high in liver and lower in other tissues. The apoVLDL-II mRNA was specifically expressed in the liver. The differences between mRNA concentrations of SREBP1, SREBP2, and FAS in the livers of laying and prelay ducks were not significant. However, the concentrations of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and apoVLDL-II mRNA were higher in the laying ducks than in prelay ducks. Therefore, laying may affect particular aspects of lipid metabolism, especially biochemical pathways that involved apoVLDL-II and HMG-CoA reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin JD, Yen CF, Li CW, Wu JL. Health, healthcare utilization and psychiatric disorder in people with intellectual disability in Taiwan. J Intellect Disabil Res 2005; 49:86-94. [PMID: 15634315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to examine health characteristics and healthcare utilization in relation to people with intellectual disability (ID) having psychiatric disorders in Taiwan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed; study subjects were recruited from the National Disability Registration Database. Taiwan, stratified by administrative geographical area for the study. Statistical analysis of 1026 carers for people with ID was made to examine the health status and healthcare utilization of individuals with ID having psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Approximately 12.1% of people with ID had psychiatric disorders. These individuals were more likely to be poorer in health condition and consuming more medical services (in the outpatient, inpatient and emergency care areas), than those individuals without psychiatric disorders. These individuals with psychiatric disorders were also taking medicines regularly at a far greater percentage than did those without psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among individuals with ID, the healthcare system should take further steps to develop an appropriate health status monitoring system and community-based and easily accessible mental health services for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Taiwan has already had a higher quality of health care compared with other countries, there still is a need to review the quality and effectiveness of services provided. The lack of health care policy for persons with disabilities is a reflection of health care provision in Taiwan. Health care provision problems will limit persons with disabilities in their access to the health care system. The purpose of the present study was to examine the general beliefs about the current health care policies for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Taiwan. METHODS Data were obtained from two sources, namely government policies analysis and interviews with representatives for key stakeholders in the field of ID. RESULTS The results illustrate that health care service problems for persons with ID include: how to enforce the discovery system and early intervention service, disability evaluation system, National Health Insurance medical payment and medical care resource development are still confining their quality of care. Furthermore, the links between social welfare, education and health care have been lost because the different roles and perspectives of people in these fields are fundamentally at odds with one another. Health care professionals have become less reform-minded as a consequence of the conditions of their work. Consequently, a complete and coordinated health care policy for persons with ID has become unattainable in society. The present paper draws on evidence from research and policies to explore the problems and potential of service development for persons with ID, and to identify review and action points for managing its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
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Yen CF, Chang YP, Su YC, Hsu CC, Yang SJ, Yeh IN. Factors attributing to the psychological recovery from the 1999 Taiwan earthquake among junior high school students: a focus group interview study. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:534-9. [PMID: 11831118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors contributing to the psychological recovery from the 1999 Taiwan earthquake from the perspective of adolescents in Chungliao. A total of 22 junior high school students who had significant decrease of Impact of Event Scale (IES) scores in the follow-up period of 9 months were recruited to participate in one of three focus groups. By applying the method of focus group interviewing, adolescents' attributions of factors relating to the improvements of psychological reactions were collected. All interviews were tape-recorded and the transcripts were approached by content analysis. Four major factors contributing to psychological recovery from the earthquake are clustered: (1) self-healing effect as time passed away; (2) assistance from people of the non-afflicted areas; (3) being engaged in interests in leisure time; and (4) other important events happening after the earthquake. Several factors contributed to the psychological recovery of adolescents from the experience of the earthquake. The results of this study can serve as the basis of further treatment strategies for the adolescent refugees from major disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Wang CJ, Yen CF, Masrani MR, Lee CL, Chao AS, Chang SD, Soong YK. Three-dimensional ultrasonic images of normal fetus. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:476-82. [PMID: 11601189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness and feasibility of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for routine fetal observation. METHODS Eighty-five normal pregnancies with gestational ages of 20-36 weeks were studied. A conventional ultrasound scanner with a specially designed operation unit, frame memory, and 3D probe was the apparatus used in this study. The unit has a circuit board consisting of digital integrated circuit chips designed to make calculations of volume ray tracings for volume rendering in real time. For each fetus, scanning was performed with different levels of opacity in the equation for volume rendering. In areas where there was an inadequate amniotic fluid pocket to perform an adequate examination, the pregnant woman was asked to push the fetus to the opposite side by gently pressing on her abdomen. RESULTS Face, limbs, and fingers which are difficult to visualize on conventional ultrasonography could be seen clearly. Extremely satisfactory images were obtained at between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation that produced sonographic pictures easily recognized even by laypersons. Beyond 34 weeks of gestation due to the relative decrease in the size of amniotic fluid pockets, and before 24 weeks of gestation due to frequent fetal movement, the soft tissue of fetuses is thin and its acoustic impedance is virtually the same as that of water, so surface-rendered images are less satisfactory. In addition, the anterior wall placenta, multiple pregnancies, and oligohydramnios made viewing even more difficult. CONCLUSION Between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation, 3D ultrasound is a feasible and useful procedure for routine antenatal examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lee CL, Jain S, Wang CJ, Yen CF, Soong YK. Classification for endoscopic treatment of mullerian anomalies with an obstructive cervix. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001; 8:402-8. [PMID: 11509782 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe our classification according to severity of developmental mullerian anomalies with obstructed cervix. DESIGN Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING University-based, tertiary-level center for endoscopic surgery. PATIENTS Ten women with developmental mullerian anomalies with obstructed cervix. INTERVENTION Patients with didelphic uterus with a rudimentary nonfunctional horn and hypoplastic cervix (type 1) underwent hemihysterectomy or diagnostic endoscopy. Those with agenesis of cervix with normal uterus (type 2) had uterovaginal canalization or neocervix with full-thickness skin graft. Women with identical didelphic uteri and hypoplastic cervix (type 3) underwent uterovaginal canalization with or without endometrial ablation or hemihysterectomy. Patients with didelphic uterus with a rudimentary horn and hypoplastic cervix (type 4) had laparoscopic hemihysterectomy. Those with agenesis of the vagina and cervix but with functional endometrium (type 5) had laparoscopic-assisted full-thickness skin graft. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Average duration of surgery was 60 to 210 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. Patients with type 1 anomaly are continuing infertility treatment. All three patients in type 2 continue to have regular menses without dysmenorrhea. In those with type 3 conditions, hemihysterectomy was performed in one woman and uterovaginal canalization was performed on the hypoplastic cervix in another. After the neocervix was created, endometrial ablation was performed. No evidence of cervical obstruction or hematometra was found in either patient. The patient with type 4 anomaly continues to have regular menstrual periods without dysmenorrhea. Women with type 5 disorder had good healing of vaginal skin grafts. CONCLUSION This classification helps identify mullerian anomalies in relation to obstructive cervix. It is useful in categorizing the disorders and determines management strategies and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate 3-year outcomes of extraperitoneal laparoscopic colposuspension in treating genuine stress incontinence. DESIGN Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING University-based, tertiary-level center for endoscopic surgery. PATIENTS One hundred sixty women with genuine stress incontinence with bladder neck hypermobility. INTERVENTION Extraperitoneal space was created with CO2 through a 10-mm midline port 2 cm above the pubic hairline. A pair of sutures was inserted at the level of midurethral and urethrovesical junction, fixing them to Cooper's ligament on each side with proper tension. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 160 women, 10 were lost to follow-up. On follow-up questionnaire sent to 150 patients, 148 (98.7%) were pleased with the results of surgery. Stress incontinence was cured in 136 women (90.7%) after a minimum of 3 years' follow-up. CONCLUSION Cure rates for extraperitoneal colposuspension were similar to those reported for traditional laparoscopic or laparotomy Burch procedures; however, this is a more direct method to expose the space of Retzius, thus eliminating the need to open and close peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, Soong YK. Microlaparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. A preliminary report. J Reprod Med 2001; 46:573-6. [PMID: 11441682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical possibility of using a microlaparoscope in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-five women with different indications for hysterectomy and a uterine size < 14 weeks' gestation underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy using a microlaparoscope and 2-mm instruments. RESULTS Microlaparoscopic procedures included coagulation and separation of infundibulopelvic or uteroovarian round ligaments, vesico-uterine-visceral peritoneal fold dissection, and anterior and posterior colpotomy. The mean operative time, blood loss and length of hospital stay were 84.40 +/- 16.85 minutes, 262.00 +/- 112.99 mL and 3.08 +/- 0.64 days, respectively. No patients developed serious complications, but there were two minor ones. CONCLUSION Microlaparoscopy appears to be an efficacious alternative treatment option in well-selected patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Kam YC, Yen CF, Chen HC, Lin PY, Wang JR, Chiu CT. The thermal environment of arboreal pools and its effects on the metabolism of the arboreal, oophagous tadpoles of a Taiwanese tree frog, Chirixalus eiffingeri (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 129:519-25. [PMID: 11423322 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have studied seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of water temperature in bamboo stumps and the effect of temperature on the energy metabolism of arboreal, oophagous tadpoles of Chirixalus eiffingeri. We collected tadpoles (Gosner stage 28-29) in February and August from Chitou, Taiwan and acclimated them to 12 and 22 degrees C. Using a closed system, we measured tadpole oxygen consumption (V.O(2)) at 12, 17 and 22 degrees C. The water temperature was lowest in February (11-13 degrees C), increased rapidly during March and April and was highest from May to August (20-24 degrees C). Diel fluctuations in the temperature of the pools of water in bamboo stumps mirrored fluctuations in air temperature. Tadpoles collected in February and August exhibited metabolic compensation in that tadpoles acclimated at 12 degrees C had significantly higher V.O(2) than those acclimated at 22 degrees C. There are at least two possible explanations for the presence of metabolic compensation in C. eiffingeri tadpoles. Firstly, the larval period of C. eiffingeri ranges from 40 to 78 days, a tadpole could experience relatively large fluctuations in body temperature (up to 10 degrees C) during the development. As a result, C. eiffingeri tadpoles most likely evolved metabolic compensation to maintain activity levels under different thermal environments. Secondly, because arboreal pools are small, thermally unstratified, aquatic microhabitats, tadpoles are unable to behaviorally select preferred temperatures. As a result, metabolic compensation allows tadpoles to regulate their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kam
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
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Wu HM, Lee CL, Yen CF, Wang CJ, Soong YK. Laparoscopic diagnosis and management of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: report of three cases. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:388-92. [PMID: 11512371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Perihepatic adhesions between the liver capsule and the diaphragm or the anterior peritoneal surface characterizes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS). FHCS is an extrapelvic manifestation of pelvic inflammatory disease and usually refractory to medical treatment and surgical intervention. With the increased incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain and sequalae of the process are becoming more common. Herein, we report 3 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease in whom medical treatment failed initially and FHCS was diagnosed via laparoscopy. Laparoscopic lysis of pelvic and perihepatic adhesions, irrigation of the abdomino-pelvic cavity, and antibiotics treatment after surgery successfully relieved these patients' symptoms. FHCS is not a new syndrome but most gynecologists might neglect this condition. Laparoscopy is a less invasive procedure than exploratory laparotomy. We recommend laparoscopy in patients with lower abdominal and right upper quadrant discomfort when other organic disease has been ruled out and medical treatment has failed to relieve symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Yen CF, Yeh ML, Chong MY, Chung HH, Chen CS. A multidimensional assessment of insights in schizophrenic patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:253-60. [PMID: 11517864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to construct a multidimensional instrument in assessing insight of schizophrenic patients and further to examine its relationships with other factors such as psychiatric symptoms, demographic characteristics, and course of illness. An instrument (the Schedule for assessment of Insight in Psychosis, SIP) with a 4-point rating scale was constructed to assess the insight of schizophrenic patients in five dimensions. One hundred schizophrenic patients were recruited for the study and all of them received a semi-structured interview using the SIP. Their demographic variables, length of illness and severity of psychotic symptoms were analyzed for insight. The reliability and validity of the SIP were satisfactory. Significant factors related to insight were psychotic symptoms, including both positive and negative symptoms. This study showed insight was affected by a multitude of factors, and it could be assessed quantitatively in various dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Abstract
Indirect inguinal hernia is neglected by many female patients. When women undergo laparoscopy for infertility work-up or other gynaecological conditions, the hernia appears pressurized by the pneumoperitoneum. A large opening on the peritoneum followed by the patent canal of Nuck-as seen in the patient in this case report-is accompanied by a bulge above the labia major. This situation was treated with simple ligation of the canal of Nuck from the internal inguinal ring, and the vulvar bulging mass quickly disappeared, even while under pneumoperitoneal pressure. Laparoscopic hernia repair is currently performed with a mesh prosthesis to cover the defect; however, in female patients it seems unnecessary to use such an invasive method designed largely for males. According to our experience, the concomitant simple closure method for female indirect inguinal hernia is a quick and simple procedure, and deals with the problem during the same laparoscopy. In addition, disappearance of the bulging mass under the pneumoperitoneum offers a useful diagnostic test to secure hernia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-kou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
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Lee CL, Wang CJ, Yen CF, Mu WC, Jain S, Soong YK. Uterovaginal canalization and endometrial ablation of the obstructed uterine horn with hypoplastic cervix in the didelphic uterus. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001; 8:151-3. [PMID: 11172132 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maldevelopment of the mullerian duct system may result in various urogenital anomalies including didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix. Two women with this anomaly experienced symptoms including recurrent lower abdominal pain off and on of 1 to 2 years' duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a double uterus with right hematometrium both patients. After hysteroscopic identification of hypoplasia of right uterine cervix, laparoscopic resection of the hematosalpinx, followed by uterovaginal canalization and prophylactic endometrial ablation of the right uterus was successfully performed by resectoscope. Normal menstruation ensued during follow-up of 18 and 24 months, respectively. Our experience suggests that uterovaginal canalization with prophylactic endometrial ablation may be an efficacious alternative to hysterectomy for management of didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(1):151-153, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Yen CF, Wang CJ, Lin SL, Chang PC, Lee CL, Soong YK. Laparoscopic closure of patent canal of Nuck for female indirect inguinal hernia. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001; 8:143-6. [PMID: 11172130 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of concomitant laparoscopic closure of the patent canal of Nuck in treatment of indirect inguinal hernias in women. DESIGN Prospective clinical trial (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING University-associated tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS Six women scheduled for laparoscopy for gynecologic indications. Intervention. Concomitant simple closure of the patent canal of Nuck from the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Inguinal hernias were repaired in all six patients, with no recurrence. CONCLUSION l Laparoscopic closure of the patent canal of Nuck is an easy, safe, and effective treatment of indirect inguinal hernias in women. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(1):143-146, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Endoscopic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Hsing Street. Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
We used the middle upper abdomen as a primary port insertion as an alternative portal for laparoscopy and multiport operative pelviscopy in 188 women who were at high risk for subumbilical adhesions because of previous abdominal surgeries or history of gynecologic cancer. Primary cannula insertion was in the middle upper abdomen between xyphoid process and umbilicus (Lee-Huang point). This was the single entry site for the Veress needle and primary laparoscopy port. In 184 (98.4%) of 188 women surgery was performed without complications. No procedure was converted to laparotomy due to visceral or vascular injuries. Two omentum injuries from primary port insertion were repaired with bipolar electrocoagulation; a colon injury was repaired with laparoscopic sutures. In our experience, this laparoscopic port is effective in women who have had abdominal surgery or gynecologic malignancy. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(1):147-150, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined laparoscopic and vaginal approach in dealing with uterine myomas. DESIGN Retrospective case study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING Tertiary care major teaching hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-one women with symptomatic fundal and/or posterior wall uterine myomas. INTERVENTION Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal myomectomy performed by one of the authors from July 1996 to December 1998. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean +/- SD operating time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay were 79.19+/-18.31 minutes, 150.00+/- 103.28 ml, and 3.10+/-0.75 days, respectively. No patients developed serious complications, and only two minor complications occurred. CONCLUSION After laparoscopic inspection and location of uterine myomas, dealing with posterior and fundal uterine myomas by the vaginal route makes hemostasis and uterine repair easier than by purely laparoscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The Diels-Alder reactions of masked o-benzoquinones (MOBs) with [60]fullerene, affording novel and highly functionalized bicyclo[2.2. 2]octenone-fused [60]fullerene derivatives, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu-300, Taiwan
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Abstract
Traditionally, most women with cervical stump cancer underwent radiation therapy, as radical surgery was considered difficult. Given our success performing laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy, we modified that technique to treat two women with carcinoma of the cervical stump. At follow-up of 14 and 17 months, respectively, both patients were free of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Lee CL, Wang CJ, Yen CF, Soong YK. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal sacrospinous suspension for vaginal vault prolapse. Chang Gung Med J 2000; 23:87-91. [PMID: 10835803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new laparoscopic sacrospinous suspension procedure is described for the correction of vaginal vault prolapse using an extraperitoneal approach. This is the first report in the literature of the extraperitoneal approach. METHODS We reviewed 12 women who had been treated in our hospital using this technique because of vaginal vault prolapse. These women had undergone hysterectomies (10 abdominal; 2 vaginal) between 5 and 22 years previously (mean, 12 years). After pre-laparoscopic preparation, a 10-mm trocar with a 10-mm zero-degree telescope was placed into the Retzius space. Using a direct air-distended method with a 20 mmHg insufflation pressure, Retzius and para-rectal spaces were created. The sacrospinous ligament could be easily identified and confirmed. A permanent suture was then inserted from the sacrospinous ligament to the vaginal vault to ensure that there was no space in between. RESULTS This procedure was followed for all 12 patients. There were no major complications during surgery. Eleven women had no recurrence of vaginal vault prolapse during a follow-up period of 1 to 3 years (mean, 2.2 years). One patient developed recurrent vaginal vault prolapse; however, she subsequently underwent a successful colposacropexy by laparoscopy 23 months after the initial surgery. CONCLUSION We modified the traditional sacrospinous fixation laparoscopically, following principles to restore the correct anatomic position of the vault. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal sacrospinous suspension can eliminate the procedure of opening and closing the peritoneum and avoid interference with the intestine during surgery. It can be used as an alternative to traditional genital suspension surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C.
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Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, Soong YK. Comparison the efficacy of laparosonic coagulating shears and electrosurgery in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy: preliminary results. Int Surg 2000; 85:88-91. [PMID: 10817440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and effectiveness of laparosonic coagulating shears (LCS) and electrosurgery for use in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). STUDY DESIGN In this prospective study, patients undergoing LAVH performed by one of the authors from October 1997 to January 1998 were assigned at random to the electrosurgery group (n = 20) or the LCS group (n = 20). Procedures performed with LCS or electrosurgery included coagulation and separation of infundibulopelvic or utero-ovarian round ligaments, vesico-uterine-visceral peritoneal fold dissection, and anterior and posterior colpotomy. Outcome measures were operative time, blood loss, decrease in hemoglobin values, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS The mean operative time (90+/-22.9 min versus 80.3+/-17.1 min, P = 0.391), blood loss (308+/-167 ml versus 250+/-104 ml, P = 0.11), and hemoglobin decrease (1.57+/-0.769 mg/dl versus 1.36+/-0.886 mg/dl, P = 0.55) were slightly greater in the LCS group than in the electrosurgery group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The length of hospital stay was similar in the two groups (5 days). No patients developed serious complications related to electrosurgery or LCS. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that LCS is as safe and effective as electrosurgery, and may offer an alternative option for patients undergoing LAVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ruan CW, Lee CL, Yen CF, Wang CJ, Soong YK. A huge 6.2 kilogram uterine myoma coinciding with omental leiomyosarcoma: case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 22:639-42. [PMID: 10695214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgery for massive abdominal tumors is both interesting and challenging. We present a case involving a multiple uterine myoma weighing 6.2 Kg which coincided with omental leiomyosarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of condition in the English literature. A 44-year-old nulliparous woman had suffered from abdominal pain for a long time. A huge abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. Computed tomography scanning revealed a huge pelvic-abdominal mass with the possibility of small bowel loops invaded by the mass. A 6-cm omental mass was incidentally found during the subsequent hysterectomy procedure. Perforation of the urinary bladder occurred during the dissection of adhesion. Resection of the omental mass, wide wedge resection of the invaded small bowel, primary repair of the bladder, and hysterectomy were performed. The final pathologic diagnosis was uterine leiomyomata with omental leiomyosarcoma. The patient returned home on postoperative day 14 and was well at the 18-month follow-up examination. The challenge of these tumors lies in their proper diagnosis and surgical management. More case reports and follow-up studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Abstract
Bowel injury is a rare but potentially fatal complication of laparoscopy if it is unrecognized at the time of the procedure. Once a bowel injury is identified, it must be repaired by either laparoscopy or laparotomy. The Endo GIA 30 stapler is effective for achieving large-vessel hemostasis and facilitating laparoscopic procedures, and is reported safe for laparoscopic hysterectomy. It was used successfully in two women to repair extensive bowel injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Lee CL, Wang CJ, Swei LD, Yen CF, Soong YK. Laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy in treatment of a didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix and obstructed hemivagina. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:1741-3. [PMID: 10402379 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.7.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maldevelopment of the Müllerian duct system may result in various urogenital anomalies including didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix and obstructed hemivagina. We report a patient with this anomaly who was treated by laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy and hysteroscopic resection of hemivagina. A 17 year old patient who had complained of vaginal pus-like discharge on and off for 1 year was diagnosed by MRI to have a double uterus with obstructed right hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. After hysteroscopic identification of hypoplasia of the right uterine cervix, laparoscopic resection of the right uterus and right Fallopian tube and hysteroscopically assisted resection of the vaginal septa were performed successfully. From our experience, combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy may be an efficacious alternative in the management and diagnosis of Müllerian anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Shui LT, Lee CL, Yen CF, Wang CJ, Soong YK. Vaginoscopy using hysteroscope for diagnosis of vaginal bleeding during childhood: case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 22:344-7. [PMID: 10493046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal bleeding is an uncommon and alarming symptom for children, and serious underlying causes should be excluded. Though vaginal bleeding during childhood was mostly associated with precocious puberty, the physician should keep in mind that local vaginal lesions such infectious vaginitis, vaginal trauma, and vaginal foreign bodies frequently present vaginal bleeding. A 10-year-old girl who denied any traumatic injuries or sexual abuse presented with profuse vaginal bleeding. She had normal development milestones and had no signs of thelarche or adrenarche. Her hymen was intact and the basal measurements of sex hormones including tyrotropic hormone and thyroxine were all within reference ranges. Finally, a laceration of the vaginal wall was found by vaginoscopy using a hysteroscope under general anesthesia and treated using gauze packing. We must emphasize the importance of vaginoscopy and examination under anesthesia in a child with vaginal bleeding to exclude local vaginal lesions. In addition, vaginoscopy using a hysteroscope makes the examination efficient and cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Shui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
A case of laparoscopic management of an ectopic pregnancy in a previous Caesarean section scar is reported. A 30 year old woman was admitted to our hospital for profuse vaginal bleeding 2 weeks after an abortion had been performed. A urine pregnancy test was positive. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a well-encapsulated bulging mass over the lower anterior uterine wall measuring 7x5 cm. Hysteroscopy revealed retained gestational tissue in the lower corpus despite a normal uterine cavity. An incision was made over the most prominent area of the mass by operative laparoscopy. Dark reddish tissue suggestive of the products of conception was removed using grasping forceps. One-layer of continuous endoscopic sutures along the affected uterine wall was made with 1-0 Prolene. Laparoscopy enabled the successful treatment of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy in a previous Caesarean scar and made it possible to preserve the patient's reproductive capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Lee CL, Wang CJ, Liu YH, Yen CF, Lai YL, Soong YK. Laparoscopically assisted full thickness skin graft for reconstruction in congenital agenesis of vagina and uterine cervix. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:928-30. [PMID: 10221221 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.4.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with agenesis of the vagina and cervix but with a functional endometrium, the traditional treatment is hysterectomy with construction of a neovagina. We report successful treatment by laparoscopically assisted full thickness skin graft for reconstruction in a patient with congenital agenesis of the vagina and uterine cervix concomitant with haematometra and ovarian endometrioma in a 12 year old girl. Postoperatively, the vaginal skin graft healed well, and menstruation first appeared 4 weeks later. In our opinion, a combined laparoscopic and vaginal procedure with full thickness skin graft is an efficacious alternative in managing such genital defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CK, Nguyen TT, Morgan TL, Mei RL, Kaptein JS, Kalunta CI, Yen CF, Park E, Zou HY, Lad PM. Apoptosis may be either suppressed or enhanced with strategic combinations of antineoplastic drugs or anti-IgM. Exp Cell Res 1998; 244:1-13. [PMID: 9770343 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of drugs have been used to treat B-lymphocyte neoplasms, including both cell cycle-specific (CCS) and non-cell-cycle-specific drugs. Although the therapy for such cancers is complex and can include both types of drugs, the efficacy of these drugs in inducing cell death remains unclear. In this paper we have concentrated on specific CCS drugs and have examined their ability to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines derived from patients. The CCS drugs chosen were hydroxyurea and aphidicolin (active in late G1, early S phase), the topoisomerase poisons camptothecin and etoposide (S, early G2 phase) and vincristine and Taxol (late G2, M phase). These choices allow comparison of two drugs with differing modes of action for each of the various phases of the cell cycle. Our results indicate that the variation in apoptosis between drugs that act at the same phase of the cell cycle is negligible. Both S/G2 and G2/M blockers are very potent at inducing apoptosis whereas G1/S blockers are ineffective in the induction of apoptosis. In addition, marked kinetic variations in the rate of apoptosis induction were observed, etoposide and camptothecin being more rapid in their action than the other agents. The order of effectiveness in inducing apoptosis on a kinetic basis was S/G2 agents >> G2/M agents >> G1/S agents. In this study we have also found that growth inhibition was induced by all the CCS agents chosen and by anti-IgM in various Burkitt's lymphoma lines. Furthermore c-myc was down-regulated under similar conditions. Since apoptosis was only selectively induced by some of the CCS agents, it implies c-myc expression is associated with growth regulation and c-myc down-regulation is an insufficient condition for the induction of apoptosis. In addition, cotreatments using the CCS and other agents revealed the following: Cotreatment using two CCS drugs which act at the same stage in the cell cycle showed either no change or only additivity to the effects seen with either agent alone. However, cotreatment with CCS drugs showed that an inhibitory effect is found between G1/S and G2/M drugs or S/G2 and G2/M drugs. No effect was found between G1/S and S/G2 drugs. Anti-IgM, which by itself was capable of inducing apoptosis, was observed to augment apoptosis induced by very low concentrations of G2/M-acting drugs but it has little effect on G1/S or the S/G2 drugs. The inhibitory effect of anti-CD40 or TNF-alpha on anti-IgM-induced apoptosis did not carry over to an effect on apoptosis induction by the CCS agents. Thus specific combinations of agents may lead to either enhancement, inhibition, or no interactive effect on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lin
- Regional Research Laboratory, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, 1515 N. Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90027, USA
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Kam YC, Yen CF, Hsu CL. Water balance, growth, development, and survival of arboreal frog eggs (Chirixalus eiffingeri, Rhacophoridae): importance of egg distribution in bamboo stumps. Physiol Zool 1998; 71:534-40. [PMID: 9754530 DOI: 10.1086/515957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of substrate moisture and flooding on the arboreal eggs of Chirixalus eiffingeri and determined the possible causes of egg mortality. Eggs appear highly permeable to water vapor, losing 16.24% and 38.38% of initial egg mass in 2 h at 90% and 45% relative humidity, respectively. Eggs that experienced positive water uptake developed faster, hatched earlier with larger hatchlings, and had greater hatching success than eggs that experienced negligible or negative water uptake. The hatching success of eggs that were submerged in water in bamboo stumps was significantly lower than that of eggs that were incubated on the water surface and was significantly correlated with the water PO2. In some bamboo stumps, we observed chironomid and tipulid larvae preying on submerged eggs. A dilution of water collected from bamboo stumps did not increase the hatching success of eggs. The water PO2 of bamboo stumps in the field was 67.4+/-18.8 mmHg, and the degree of hypoxia of water in each bamboo stump was correlated with the turbidity. Our findings demonstrated that the vertical distribution of C. eiffingeri eggs on walls of bamboo stumps significantly influenced the growth, development, and survival of embryos. Eggs deposited too far from the water may become desiccated, while eggs deposited too close to the water may become submerged and die of hypoxia or predation by insect larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kam
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Paisa Village, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lee CL, Yen CF, Wang CJ, Huang KG, Soong YK. Extraperitoneoscopic colposuspension using CO2 distension method. Int Surg 1998; 83:262-4. [PMID: 9870788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate our experience in extraperitoneoscopic colposuspension for genuine stress incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 1995 and July 1996, 48 women who had genuine stress incontinence underwent extraperitoneoscopic colposuspension in our institute. After standard laparascopic surgery preparation, a 10 mm puncture site was made midline just in the cm above the pubic hair line, and the extraperitoneal space was developed with the higher pressure of insufflating CO2. A pair of sutures was inserted at the level of the midurethral and unrethrovesical junction with Cooper's ligament. RESULTS All of these patients underwent the same procedures. The average blood loss was less than 50 ml, with a range from 10 to 200 ml. The operative time was from 20 to 90 min, with a mean time of 32 min. There was one bladder injury, 2 cases of voiding difficulties and 2 of detrussor instability in our series and the overall complication rate was 10.4%. So far, 45 of the 48 patients are satisfied with the surgery. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic Burch colposuspension is a practicable surgical procedure for managing stress incontinence. Extraperitoneal space was created easily with the higher pressure of insufflating CO2. An extraperitoneoscopic approach can reduce the necessity of laparscopic suturing. Moreover, it avoids violating the peritonel cavity and reduces the potential risk of postoperative adhesion formation and the discomfort resulting from pneumoperitonium. Thus, extraperitoneal colposuspension affords an alternative to laparoscopic or abdominal retropubic colposuspension in well-selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu YH, Wang CJ, Lee CL, Yen CF, Soong YK, Luo CC. Minimal access surgery in children: the use of laparoscopy for management of pediatric ovarian teratoma: a case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 21:78-81. [PMID: 9607269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a case of left ovarian teratoma in a young child. Prompt diagnosis was made using real-time ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy. The latter was used for performing tumor enucleation. We recommend that laparoscopy precede laparotomy and be done more routinely in the young patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Liu
- Division of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lin CK, Zou HY, Kaptein JS, Yen CF, Kalunta CI, Nguyen TT, Park E, Lad PM. Anti-IgM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis are independent of ornithine decarboxylase in Ramos cells. Exp Cell Res 1997; 237:231-41. [PMID: 9417887 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a key enzyme involved in polyamine production and is thought to regulate growth and apoptosis in multiple cell systems. A potential link between ODC and growth may involve the action of an oncogene c-myc which is thought to transcriptionally regulate ODC. We have examined the involvement of ODC in anti-IgM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Inhibitors of ODC such as difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) completely blocked ODC activity, resulting in growth inhibition but not apoptosis. Addition of putrescine, the product of ODC enzymatic action, to Ramos cells had only a minor effect on growth, did not cause apoptosis, did not augment or block anti-IgM-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis, but did reverse DFMO-mediated growth inhibition. Anti-IgM treatment of Ramos cells, which markedly decreased c-myc mRNA and protein, caused a paradoxical increase in ODC mRNA level as well as ODC enzymatic activity and increased cellular levels of putrescine. DFMO and putrescine did not alter c-myc mRNA levels directly, nor did they have any affects on anti-IgM-mediated down-regulation of c-myc mRNA. TNF-alpha, which inhibited anti-IgM-mediated apoptosis, did not inhibit either anti-IgM or DFMO-mediated inhibition of growth. These agents were without effect on ODC activity itself or on the anti-IgM-mediated increase in ODC activity. From these studies we conclude that ODC inhibition affects growth but is unrelated to the induction of apoptosis. Both anti-IgM-mediated inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis are independent of ODC. Thus two distinct pathways for growth regulation are present: one in which ODC and polyamines are important and the other cell surface receptor-mediated (sIg) which is independent of ODC and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lin
- Regional Research Laboratory, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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Yen CF, Chong MY, Kuo MC, Chang CS. Severe granulocytopenia secondary to chlorpromazine despite concurrent lithium treatment: a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1997; 13:635-8. [PMID: 9385781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe chlorpromazine-induced granulocytopenia where the white-cell count decreases to below 1,000/mm3 rarely occurs and lithium is known to cause leucocytosis. The use of lithium in the prevention of granulocytopenia induced by drugs is still controversial. This report describes a patient with bipolar disorder suffering from severe granulocytopenia and severe respiratory infection after receiving chlorpromazine 50 to 150 mg per day along with long term lithium therapy. Bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed inhibited maturation of myeloid series in the promyelocyte stage. The findings were consistent with a drug-induced effect. White-cell count return to normal after the discontinuation of chlorpromazine. It was proved in this case that combined lithium therapy had no effect in preventing agranulocytosis induced by chlorpromazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yen CF, Lin RT, Liu CK, Lee PW, Chen CC, Chang YP. The psychiatric manifestation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1997; 13:263-7. [PMID: 9177088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is considered to be very rare in the population, and the psychiatric manifestation of the disease even rarer with only one report in the past few years in Taiwan. To clarify whether the psychiatric manifestation of CJD is really rare or whether it is neglected in Taiwan, the authors reviewed the discharge notes of patients who had been admitted to a neurological unit in the past 15 years and conducted a chart review of the patients of CJD supported by the clinical courses, EEG finding and brain biopsies. An inquiry was made by telephoning their families to follow up their condition after discharge. Five of the 8 cases with CJD had psychiatric symptoms including changes of mood, thought, behavior and perception during their course of illness. Four cases had been sent to the psychiatric unit and received treatment under several kinds of psychiatric diagnoses. Two patients had been admitted to the psychiatric unit and one had received electroconvulsive treatment. Two of the patients had been suspected to be the victims of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It is likely that it is psychiatrists who will meet CJD patients first in the early stages of disease. CJD should be kept in mind and EEGs with detailed neurological checkups should be completed, if the cognitive functions of the patients with unusual neurological symptoms deteriorate quickly and their psychiatric symptoms fail to respond to any treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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