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Bates AE, Primack RB, Biggar BS, Bird TJ, Clinton ME, Command RJ, Richards C, Shellard M, Geraldi NR, Vergara V, Acevedo-Charry O, Colón-Piñeiro Z, Ocampo D, Ocampo-Peñuela N, Sánchez-Clavijo LM, Adamescu CM, Cheval S, Racoviceanu T, Adams MD, Kalisa E, Kuuire VZ, Aditya V, Anderwald P, Wiesmann S, Wipf S, Badihi G, Henderson MG, Loetscher H, Baerenfaller K, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bulleri F, Bertocci I, Maggi E, Rindi L, Ravaglioli C, Boerder K, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Archambault P, Chauvaud L, Braun CD, Thorrold SR, Brownscombe JW, Midwood JD, Boston CM, Brooks JL, Cooke SJ, China V, Roll U, Belmaker J, Zvuloni A, Coll M, Ortega M, Connors B, Lacko L, Jayathilake DRM, Costello MJ, Crimmins TM, Barnett L, Denny EG, Gerst KL, Marsh RL, Posthumus EE, Rodriguez R, Rosemartin A, Schaffer SN, Switzer JR, Wong K, Cunningham SJ, Sumasgutner P, Amar A, Thomson RL, Stofberg M, Hofmeyr S, Suri J, Stuart-Smith RD, Day PB, Edgar GJ, Cooper AT, De Leo FC, Garner G, Des Brisay PG, Schrimpf MB, Koper N, Diamond MS, Dwyer RG, Baker CJ, Franklin CE, Efrat R, Berger-Tal O, Hatzofe O, Eguíluz VM, Rodríguez JP, Fernández-Gracia J, Elustondo D, Calatayud V, English PA, Archer SK, Dudas SE, Haggarty DR, Gallagher AJ, Shea BD, Shipley ON, Gilby BL, Ballantyne J, Olds AD, Henderson CJ, Schlacher TA, Halliday WD, Brown NAW, Woods MB, Balshine S, Juanes F, Rider MJ, Albano PS, Hammerschlag N, Hays GC, Esteban N, Pan Y, He G, Tanaka T, Hensel MJS, Orth RJ, Patrick CJ, Hentati-Sundberg J, Olsson O, Hessing-Lewis ML, Higgs ND, Hindell MA, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Guinet C, Hirsch SE, Perrault JR, Hoover SR, Reilly JD, Hobaiter C, Gruber T, Huveneers C, Udyawer V, Clarke TM, Kroesen LP, Hik DS, Cherry SG, Del Bel Belluz JA, Jackson JM, Lai S, Lamb CT, LeClair GD, Parmelee JR, Chatfield MWH, Frederick CA, Lee S, Park H, Choi J, LeTourneux F, Grandmont T, de-Broin FD, Bêty J, Gauthier G, Legagneux P, Lewis JS, Haight J, Liu Z, Lyon JP, Hale R, D'Silva D, MacGregor-Fors I, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Estela FA, Sánchez-Sarria CE, García-Arroyo M, Aguirre-Samboní GK, Franco Morales JC, Malamud S, Gavriel T, Buba Y, Salingré S, Lazarus M, Yahel R, Ari YB, Miller E, Sade R, Lavian G, Birman Z, Gury M, Baz H, Baskin I, Penn A, Dolev A, Licht O, Karkom T, Davidzon S, Berkovitch A, Yaakov O, Manenti R, Mori E, Ficetola GF, Lunghi E, March D, Godley BJ, Martin C, Mihaly SF, Barclay DR, Thomson DJM, Dewey R, Bedard J, Miller A, Dearden A, Chapman J, Dares L, Borden L, Gibbs D, Schultz J, Sergeenko N, Francis F, Weltman A, Moity N, Ramírez-González J, Mucientes G, Alonso-Fernández A, Namir I, Bar-Massada A, Chen R, Yedvab S, Okey TA, Oppel S, Arkumarev V, Bakari S, Dobrev V, Saravia-Mullin V, Bounas A, Dobrev D, Kret E, Mengistu S, Pourchier C, Ruffo A, Tesfaye M, Wondafrash M, Nikolov SC, Palmer C, Sileci L, Rex PT, Lowe CG, Peters F, Pine MK, Radford CA, Wilson L, McWhinnie L, Scuderi A, Jeffs AG, Prudic KL, Larrivée M, McFarland KP, Solis R, Hutchinson RA, Queiroz N, Furtado MA, Sims DW, Southall E, Quesada-Rodriguez CA, Diaz-Orozco JP, Rodgers KS, Severino SJL, Graham AT, Stefanak MP, Madin EMP, Ryan PG, Maclean K, Weideman EA, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kittelberger KD, Kusak J, Seminoff JA, Hanna ME, Shimada T, Meekan MG, Smith MKS, Mokhatla MM, Soh MCK, Pang RYT, Ng BXK, Lee BPYH, Loo AHB, Er KBH, Souza GBG, Stallings CD, Curtis JS, Faletti ME, Peake JA, Schram MJ, Wall KR, Terry C, Rothendler M, Zipf L, Ulloa JS, Hernández-Palma A, Gómez-Valencia B, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Herrera-Varón Y, Roa M, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Ochoa-Quintero JM, Vardi R, Vázquez V, Requena-Mesa C, Warrington MH, Taylor ME, Woodall LC, Stefanoudis PV, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zukerman Y, Sigal Z, Ayali A, Clua EEG, Carzon P, Seguine C, Corradini A, Pedrotti L, Foley CM, Gagnon CA, Panipakoochoo E, Milanes CB, Botero CM, Velázquez YR, Milchakova NA, Morley SA, Martin SM, Nanni V, Otero T, Wakeling J, Abarro S, Piou C, Sobral AFL, Soto EH, Weigel EG, Bernal-Ibáñez A, Gestoso I, Cacabelos E, Cagnacci F, Devassy RP, Loretto MC, Moraga P, Rutz C, Duarte CM. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biol Conserv 2021; 263:109175. [PMID: 34035536 PMCID: PMC8135229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Brandy S Biggar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Tomas J Bird
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's A1A 5J7, Canada
| | - Mary E Clinton
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Rylan J Command
- School of Ocean Technology, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Cerren Richards
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Marc Shellard
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan R Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeria Vergara
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Orlando Acevedo-Charry
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia
| | | | - David Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Lina M Sánchez-Clavijo
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Cristian M Adamescu
- Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Cheval
- National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Racoviceanu
- Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthew D Adams
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Egide Kalisa
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vikram Aditya
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, PO, Royal Enclave, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Pia Anderwald
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Wiesmann
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Gal Badihi
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Henderson
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hanspeter Loetscher
- Office for Nature and Environment of the Grisons, Ringstrasse 10, 7001 Chur, Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabio Bulleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Bertocci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Rindi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ravaglioli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristina Boerder
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Archambault
- ArcticNet, Département de Biologie, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), LIA BeBEST, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Camrin D Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Simon R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Christine M Boston
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Victor China
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Assaf Zvuloni
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49 & Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Miquel Ortega
- Fundació ENT, Carrer Josep Llanza, 1-7, 2-3, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, 08800 & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Brendan Connors
- Quantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada
| | - Lisa Lacko
- Quantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada
| | | | - Mark J Costello
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodo 1049, Norway
| | - Theresa M Crimmins
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - LoriAnne Barnett
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ellen G Denny
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Katharine L Gerst
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - R L Marsh
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erin E Posthumus
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Reilly Rodriguez
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alyssa Rosemartin
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sara N Schaffer
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeff R Switzer
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin Wong
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Petra Sumasgutner
- Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Fischerau 11, A-4645 Grünau im Almtal, Austria
| | - Arjun Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Robert L Thomson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Miqkayla Stofberg
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sally Hofmeyr
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jessleena Suri
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Carijoa - Marine Environmental Consulting, 29 Sydenham Street, Rivervale, Perth, Western Australia 6103, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Fabio Cabrera De Leo
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Grant Garner
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Paulson G Des Brisay
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 150-123 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada
| | - Michael B Schrimpf
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nicola Koper
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Ross G Dwyer
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Cameron J Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ron Efrat
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Oded Berger-Tal
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Ohad Hatzofe
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Víctor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge P Rodríguez
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Gracia
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Elustondo
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Philina A English
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Archer
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 LA-56, Chauvin, LA 70344, United States
| | - Sarah E Dudas
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Dana R Haggarty
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Jasmine Ballantyne
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Andrew D Olds
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Christopher J Henderson
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Thomas A Schlacher
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - William D Halliday
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, 202 B Ave, Kaslo, British Columbia V0G 1M0, Canada
| | - Nicholas A W Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mackenzie B Woods
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Rider
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Patricia S Albano
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Graeme C Hays
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Esteban
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Yuhang Pan
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Guojun He
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Takanao Tanaka
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Robert J Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Jonas Hentati-Sundberg
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Olof Olsson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas D Higgs
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera Island School, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Mark A Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Clive R McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christophe Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Sarah E Hirsch
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Justin R Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Shelby R Hoover
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Jennifer D Reilly
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaud Gruber
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Arafura Timor Research Facility, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Thomas M Clarke
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Laura P Kroesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Seth G Cherry
- Parks Canada Agency, 5420 Highway 93, Radium Hot Springs, BC V0A 1M0, Canada
| | | | | | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Hartley Library B12, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton T Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Gregory D LeClair
- University of Maine, 168 College Ave, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Parmelee
- University of New England, Department of Biology, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | | | | | - Sangdon Lee
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyomin Park
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaein Choi
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Frédéric LeTourneux
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Grandmont
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dulude de-Broin
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jesse S Lewis
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Jeffrey Haight
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, 1151 S. Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, Canada
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jarod P Lyon
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Hale
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria Carrera 27 Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Felipe A Estela
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Camilo E Sánchez-Sarria
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Michelle García-Arroyo
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Giann K Aguirre-Samboní
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan C Franco Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Calle 25, Vía Cali - Puerto Tejada 115-85 Km 2, Jamundí, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Shahar Malamud
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tal Gavriel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehezkel Buba
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shira Salingré
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mai Lazarus
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ruthy Yahel
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Yigael Ben Ari
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Eyal Miller
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Rotem Sade
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Guy Lavian
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ziv Birman
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Manor Gury
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Harel Baz
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ilia Baskin
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Alon Penn
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Amit Dolev
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ogen Licht
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Tabi Karkom
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Sharon Davidzon
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Avi Berkovitch
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ofer Yaakov
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Lunghi
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - David March
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven F Mihaly
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - David R Barclay
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dugald J M Thomson
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard Dewey
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Jeannette Bedard
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Aroha Miller
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Amber Dearden
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Lauren Dares
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Laura Borden
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Donna Gibbs
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Jessica Schultz
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Nikita Sergeenko
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Fiona Francis
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Amanda Weltman
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Moity
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Ramírez-González
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Gonzalo Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Itai Namir
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Avi Bar-Massada
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel
| | - Ron Chen
- Hamaarag, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Shmulik Yedvab
- The Mammal Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Israel
| | - Thomas A Okey
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samuel Bakari
- BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Solomon Mengistu
- Ethiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alazar Ruffo
- Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mengistu Wondafrash
- Ethiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Charles Palmer
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - Lorenzo Sileci
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - Patrick T Rex
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Francesc Peters
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Matthew K Pine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Craig A Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise Wilson
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren McWhinnie
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Scuderi
- Marine and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrew G Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen L Prudic
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maxim Larrivée
- Montreal Space for Life, Insectarium, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Rodrigo Solis
- Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Hutchinson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Furtado
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Emily Southall
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | | | - Ku'ulei S Rodgers
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Sarah J L Severino
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Andrew T Graham
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Matthew P Stefanak
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Elizabeth M P Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kyle Maclean
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Kyle D Kittelberger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Josip Kusak
- Department of Veterinary Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megan E Hanna
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin K S Smith
- Rondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa
| | - Mohlamatsane M Mokhatla
- Rondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa
| | - Malcolm C K Soh
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Roanna Y T Pang
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Breyl X K Ng
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Benjamin P Y-H Lee
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Adrian H B Loo
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Kenneth B H Er
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Gabriel B G Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph S Curtis
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Meaghan E Faletti
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Jonathan A Peake
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Michael J Schram
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Kara R Wall
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Carina Terry
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Matt Rothendler
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Lucy Zipf
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Juan Sebastián Ulloa
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Angélica Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Bibiana Gómez-Valencia
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Cristian Cruz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Yenifer Herrera-Varón
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Margarita Roa
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Reut Vardi
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Víctor Vázquez
- Department of Research and Development, Coccosphere Environmental Analysis, C/Cruz 39, 29120 Alhaurín el Grande, Málaga, Spain
| | - Christian Requena-Mesa
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Miyako H Warrington
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 317 Sinnott Bldg., 70 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada
| | - Michelle E Taylor
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Lucy C Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paris V Stefanoudis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangliang Zhang
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Yang
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuval Zukerman
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Zehava Sigal
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Ayali
- School of Zoology, Tel aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997802, Israel
| | - Eric E G Clua
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Pamela Carzon
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Clementine Seguine
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Andrea Corradini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Calepina, 14, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Catherine M Foley
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Catherine Alexandra Gagnon
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Celene B Milanes
- Civil and Environmental Department, Universidad de La Costa, Cl. 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Camilo M Botero
- School of Law, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Yunior R Velázquez
- Multidisciplinary Studies Center of Coastal Zone, Universidad de Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba S/N, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
| | - Nataliya A Milchakova
- Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academian Science, Sevastopol 299011, Russia
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB30ET, UK
| | - Stephanie M Martin
- Government of Tristan da Cunha, Jamestown STHL 1ZZ, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
| | - Veronica Nanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tanya Otero
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Julia Wakeling
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Sarah Abarro
- WWF-Canada, 60 St Jacques St, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 1L5, Canada
| | - Cyril Piou
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ana F L Sobral
- Okeanos Research Centre of the University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - Eulogio H Soto
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Emily G Weigel
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alejandro Bernal-Ibáñez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Gestoso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eva Cacabelos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Reny P Devassy
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias-Claudio Loretto
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Rutz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Dornelas M, Antão LH, Moyes F, Bates AE, Magurran AE, Adam D, Akhmetzhanova AA, Appeltans W, Arcos JM, Arnold H, Ayyappan N, Badihi G, Baird AH, Barbosa M, Barreto TE, Bässler C, Bellgrove A, Belmaker J, Benedetti‐Cecchi L, Bett BJ, Bjorkman AD, Błażewicz M, Blowes SA, Bloch CP, Bonebrake TC, Boyd S, Bradford M, Brooks AJ, Brown JH, Bruelheide H, Budy P, Carvalho F, Castañeda‐Moya E, Chen CA, Chamblee JF, Chase TJ, Siegwart Collier L, Collinge SK, Condit R, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Cotano U, Kyle Crow S, Damasceno G, Davies CH, Davis RA, Day FP, Degraer S, Doherty TS, Dunn TE, Durigan G, Duffy JE, Edelist D, Edgar GJ, Elahi R, Elmendorf SC, Enemar A, Ernest SKM, Escribano R, Estiarte M, Evans BS, Fan T, Turini Farah F, Loureiro Fernandes L, Farneda FZ, Fidelis A, Fitt R, Fosaa AM, Daher Correa Franco GA, Frank GE, Fraser WR, García H, Cazzolla Gatti R, Givan O, Gorgone‐Barbosa E, Gould WA, Gries C, Grossman GD, Gutierréz JR, Hale S, Harmon ME, Harte J, Haskins G, Henshaw DL, Hermanutz L, Hidalgo P, Higuchi P, Hoey A, Van Hoey G, Hofgaard A, Holeck K, Hollister RD, Holmes R, Hoogenboom M, Hsieh C, Hubbell SP, Huettmann F, Huffard CL, Hurlbert AH, Macedo Ivanauskas N, Janík D, Jandt U, Jażdżewska A, Johannessen T, Johnstone J, Jones J, Jones FAM, Kang J, Kartawijaya T, Keeley EC, Kelt DA, Kinnear R, Klanderud K, Knutsen H, Koenig CC, Kortz AR, Král K, Kuhnz LA, Kuo C, Kushner DJ, Laguionie‐Marchais C, Lancaster LT, Min Lee C, Lefcheck JS, Lévesque E, Lightfoot D, Lloret F, Lloyd JD, López‐Baucells A, Louzao M, Madin JS, Magnússon B, Malamud S, Matthews I, McFarland KP, McGill B, McKnight D, McLarney WO, Meador J, Meserve PL, Metcalfe DJ, Meyer CFJ, Michelsen A, Milchakova N, Moens T, Moland E, Moore J, Mathias Moreira C, Müller J, Murphy G, Myers‐Smith IH, Myster RW, Naumov A, Neat F, Nelson JA, Paul Nelson M, Newton SF, Norden N, Oliver JC, Olsen EM, Onipchenko VG, Pabis K, Pabst RJ, Paquette A, Pardede S, Paterson DM, Pélissier R, Peñuelas J, Pérez‐Matus A, Pizarro O, Pomati F, Post E, Prins HHT, Priscu JC, Provoost P, Prudic KL, Pulliainen E, Ramesh BR, Mendivil Ramos O, Rassweiler A, Rebelo JE, Reed DC, Reich PB, Remillard SM, Richardson AJ, Richardson JP, van Rijn I, Rocha R, Rivera‐Monroy VH, Rixen C, Robinson KP, Ribeiro Rodrigues R, de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres D, Rudstam L, Ruhl H, Ruz CS, Sampaio EM, Rybicki N, Rypel A, Sal S, Salgado B, Santos FAM, Savassi‐Coutinho AP, Scanga S, Schmidt J, Schooley R, Setiawan F, Shao K, Shaver GR, Sherman S, Sherry TW, Siciński J, Sievers C, da Silva AC, Rodrigues da Silva F, Silveira FL, Slingsby J, Smart T, Snell SJ, Soudzilovskaia NA, Souza GBG, Maluf Souza F, Castro Souza V, Stallings CD, Stanforth R, Stanley EH, Mauro Sterza J, Stevens M, Stuart‐Smith R, Rondon Suarez Y, Supp S, Yoshio Tamashiro J, Tarigan S, Thiede GP, Thorn S, Tolvanen A, Teresa Zugliani Toniato M, Totland Ø, Twilley RR, Vaitkus G, Valdivia N, Vallejo MI, Valone TJ, Van Colen C, Vanaverbeke J, Venturoli F, Verheye HM, Vianna M, Vieira RP, Vrška T, Quang Vu C, Van Vu L, Waide RB, Waldock C, Watts D, Webb S, Wesołowski T, White EP, Widdicombe CE, Wilgers D, Williams R, Williams SB, Williamson M, Willig MR, Willis TJ, Wipf S, Woods KD, Woehler EJ, Zawada K, Zettler ML, Hickler T. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2018; 27:760-786. [PMID: 30147447 PMCID: PMC6099392 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. MAIN TYPES OF VARIABLES INCLUDED The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. SPATIAL LOCATION AND GRAIN BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). TIME PERIOD AND GRAIN BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. MAJOR TAXA AND LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. SOFTWARE FORMAT .csv and .SQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Dušan Adam
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Ward Appeltans
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Haley Arnold
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Gal Badihi
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Miguel Barbosa
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Tiago Egydio Barreto
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Fundação Espaço Eco, Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Alecia Bellgrove
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin UniversityWarrnamboolVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Brian J. Bett
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Magdalena Błażewicz
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christopher P. Bloch
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts
| | | | - Susan Boyd
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land & WaterEcosciences Precinct, Dutton ParkQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Brooks
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - James H. Brown
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Phaedra Budy
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (PPG‐CA)CriciúmaSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Edward Castañeda‐Moya
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (OE 148), Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Coral Reef Ecology and Evolution LabBiodiversity Research Centre, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Tory J. Chase
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest ScienceWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Shannan Kyle Crow
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Gabriella Damasceno
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | | | - Robert A. Davis
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Frank P. Day
- Department of Biological SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia
| | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Tim S. Doherty
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood Campus), Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Giselda Durigan
- Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais, Floresta Estadual de Assis, Laboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal, Instituto FlorestalSão PauloBrazil
| | - J. Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Dor Edelist
- National Institute of Oceanography, Tel‐ShikmonaHaifaIsrael
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, StanfordCalifornia
| | | | - Anders Enemar
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - S. K. Morgan Ernest
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Brian S. Evans
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological ParkWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Tung‐Yung Fan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and AquariumPingtung CountyTaiwan
| | - Fabiano Turini Farah
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz Loureiro Fernandes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito SantoBrazil
| | - Fábio Z. Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Ecology/PPGEFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - Robert Fitt
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Fosaa
- Botanical Department, Faroese Museum of Natural HistoryTorshavnFaroe Islands
| | | | - Grace E. Frank
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Hernando García
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Or Givan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Elizabeth Gorgone‐Barbosa
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - William A. Gould
- USDA Forest Service, 65 USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical ForestrySan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Corinna Gries
- Center for Limnology, University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Gary D. Grossman
- The Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Julio R. Gutierréz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA)La SerenaChile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Stephen Hale
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology DivisionNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Mark E. Harmon
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - John Harte
- The Energy and Resources Group and The Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Gary Haskins
- Cetacean Research & Rescue UnitBanffUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald L. Henshaw
- U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research LaboratoryCorvallisOregon
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Memorial University, St John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Andrew Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gert Van Hoey
- Department of Aquatic Environment and Quality, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Kristen Holeck
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | | | | | - Mia Hoogenboom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chih‐hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Falk Huettmann
- EWHALE lab‐ Biology and Wildlife DepartmentInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of AlaskaFairbanksAlaska
| | | | - Allen H. Hurlbert
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | | | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Anna Jażdżewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | | | - Jill Johnstone
- Department of BiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Julia Jones
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Jungwon Kang
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Douglas A. Kelt
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Rebecca Kinnear
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Alessandra R. Kortz
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Linda A. Kuhnz
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCalifornia
| | - Chao‐Yang Kuo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - David J. Kushner
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | | | | | - Cheol Min Lee
- Forest and Climate Change Adaptation LaboratoryCenter for Forest and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest ScienceSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, Gloucester PointVirginia
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐Rivières and Centre d’études nordiquesQuébecCanada
| | - David Lightfoot
- Department of BiologyMuseum of Southwestern Biology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | | | - Adrià López‐Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de GranollersCatalunyaSpain
| | | | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, KaneoheHawai‘iUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Shahar Malamud
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iain Matthews
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Brian McGill
- School of Biology and EcologySustainability Solutions Initiative, University of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | - William O. McLarney
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | - Jason Meador
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Christoph F. J. Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of SalfordSalfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nataliya Milchakova
- Laboratory of Phytoresources, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS (IMBR)SevastopolRussia
| | - Tom Moens
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Even Moland
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | - Jon Moore
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Aquatic Survey & Monitoring Ltd. ASMLDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Grace Murphy
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | | | - Andrew Naumov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy SciencesSt PetersburgRussia
| | - Francis Neat
- Marine Scotland, Marine LaboratoryScottish GovernmentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - James A. Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana
| | - Michael Paul Nelson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | | | - Natalia Norden
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | - Jeffrey C. Oliver
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Esben M. Olsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Robert J. Pabst
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sinta Pardede
- Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia ProgramBogorIndonesia
| | - David M. Paterson
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- UMR AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Alejandro Pérez‐Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Oscar Pizarro
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic EcologyEawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologySwitzerland
| | - Eric Post
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | | | - John C. Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Pieter Provoost
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | | | - B. R. Ramesh
- Department of EcologyFrench Institute of PondicherryPuducherryIndia
| | | | - Andrew Rassweiler
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | - Jose Eduardo Rebelo
- Ichthyology Laboratory, Fisheries and AquacultureUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Daniel C. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suzanne M. Remillard
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereQueensland, BioSciences Precinct (QBP)St Lucia, BrisbaneQldAustralia
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Itai van Rijn
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Victor H. Rivera‐Monroy
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Denise de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPCâmpus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Lars Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Henry Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catalina S. Ruz
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Erica M. Sampaio
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Eberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nancy Rybicki
- National Research Program, U.S. Geological SurveyRestonVirginia
| | - Andrew Rypel
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Center for LimnologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Sofia Sal
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotBerkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Salgado
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Ana Paula Savassi‐Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sara Scanga
- Department of BiologyUtica CollegeUticaNew York
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Robert Schooley
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinois
| | | | - Kwang‐Tsao Shao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaNankang, TaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | | | - Jacek Siciński
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Caya Sievers
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | | | | | - Jasper Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and ConservationUniversity of CapeTownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation NetworkClaremontSouth Africa
| | - Tracey Smart
- Coastal Finfish Section, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research InstituteCharlestonSouth Carolina
| | - Sara J. Snell
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Conservation Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental Studies, CML, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gabriel B. G. Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Vinícius Castro Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Rowan Stanforth
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maarten Stevens
- INBO, Research Institute for Nature and ForestBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rick Stuart‐Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Yzel Rondon Suarez
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | - Sarah Supp
- School of Biology and EcologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | | | - Gary P. Thiede
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Ørjan Totland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Robert R. Twilley
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | | | - Nelson Valdivia
- Universidad Austral de Chile and Centro FONDAP en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
| | | | | | - Carl Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
| | - Fabio Venturoli
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Hans M. Verheye
- Department of Environmental AffairsOceans and Coastal ResearchCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Biological SciencesMarine Research InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Marcelo Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rui P. Vieira
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Vrška
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Con Quang Vu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Lien Van Vu
- Vietnam National Museum of NatureHanoiVietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Robert B. Waide
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Conor Waldock
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dave Watts
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere FlagshipHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Sara Webb
- Biology Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
- Environmental Studies Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
| | | | - Ethan P. White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Informatics Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | | | - Dustin Wilgers
- Department of Natural SciencesMcPherson CollegeMcPhersonKansas
| | - Richard Williams
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel HighwayKingstonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Stefan B. Williams
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Michael R. Willig
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Center for Environmental Sciences & EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldConnecticut
| | - Trevor J. Willis
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
| | - Sonja Wipf
- Research Team Mountain Ecosystems, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavosSwitzerland
| | | | - Eric J. Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Kyle Zawada
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael L. Zettler
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, D‐18119 RostockGermany
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