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Ding JL, Christophers B, Rupert DD, Tang CY, Serafini RA, Jansen CS, Curtis MDE, Chesebro AG, Waldman AD. How to diversify the dwindling physician-scientist workforce after the US affirmative action ban. Nat Med 2024; 30:635-637. [PMID: 38291299 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ding
- Michigan State University MD-PhD Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA.
| | - Briana Christophers
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah D Rupert
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Stony Brook University Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Randal A Serafini
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline S Jansen
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Emory University Medical Scientist Training Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Micaila D E Curtis
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anthony G Chesebro
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Stony Brook University Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alex D Waldman
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- Emory University Medical Scientist Training Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Gao C, Wen F, Guan M, Hatuwal B, Li L, Praena B, Tang CY, Zhang J, Luo F, Xie H, Webby R, Tao YJ, Wan XF. MAIVeSS: streamlined selection of antigenically matched, high-yield viruses for seasonal influenza vaccine production. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1128. [PMID: 38321021 PMCID: PMC10847134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the main pharmaceutical intervention used against the global public health threat posed by influenza viruses. Timely selection of optimal seed viruses with matched antigenicity between vaccine antigen and circulating viruses and with high yield underscore vaccine efficacy and supply, respectively. Current methods for selecting influenza seed vaccines are labor intensive and time-consuming. Here, we report the Machine-learning Assisted Influenza VaccinE Strain Selection framework, MAIVeSS, that enables streamlined selection of naturally circulating, antigenically matched, and high-yield influenza vaccine strains directly from clinical samples by using molecular signatures of antigenicity and yield to support optimal candidate vaccine virus selection. We apply our framework on publicly available sequences to select A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine candidates and experimentally confirm that these candidates have optimal antigenicity and growth in cells and eggs. Our framework can potentially reduce the optimal vaccine candidate selection time from months to days and thus facilitate timely supply of seasonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bijaya Hatuwal
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Beatriz Praena
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jieze Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- University School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 63141, USA
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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3
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Tang CY, Li T, Haynes TA, McElroy JA, Ritter D, Hammer RD, Sampson C, Webby R, Hang J, Wan XF. Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA. Npj Viruses 2023; 1:7. [PMID: 38186942 PMCID: PMC10769004 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-023-00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, rural populations comprise 60 million individuals and suffered from high COVID-19 disease burdens. Despite this, surveillance efforts are biased toward urban centers. Consequently, how rurally circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses contribute toward emerging variants remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of rural communities in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic. We collected 544 urban and 435 rural COVID-19-positive respiratory specimens from an overall vaccine-naïve population in Southwest Missouri between July and December 2020. Genomic analyses revealed 53 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages in our study samples, with 14 of these lineages identified only in rural samples. Phylodynamic analyses showed that frequent bi-directional diffusions occurred between rural and urban communities in Southwest Missouri, and that four out of seven Missouri rural-origin lineages spread globally. Further analyses revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (N):R203K/G204R paired substitutions, which were detected disproportionately across multiple Pango lineages, were more associated with urban than rural sequences. Positive selection was detected at N:204 among rural samples but was not evident in urban samples, suggesting that viruses may encounter distinct selection pressures in rural versus urban communities. This study demonstrates that rural communities may be a crucial source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission, highlighting the need to expand surveillance and resources to rural populations for COVID-19 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y. Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Cynthia Y. Tang, Tao Li
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Cynthia Y. Tang, Tao Li
| | - Tricia A. Haynes
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A. McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouriś, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Richard D. Hammer
- Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Webby
- Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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4
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Cotton MJ, Ariel P, Chen K, Walcott VA, Dixit M, Breau KA, Hinesley CM, Kedziora K, Tang CY, Zheng A, Magness ST, Burclaff J. An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal stem cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.09.561410. [PMID: 37873351 PMCID: PMC10592697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The intestinal epithelium exhibits dynamic control of cell cycle phase lengths, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in living human intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here, we develop primary human ISC lines with two different reporter constructs to provide fluorescent readouts to analyze cell cycle phases in cycling ISCs. Methods 3D printing was used to construct a collagen press for making chamber slides that support primary human ISC growth and maintenance within the working distance of a confocal microscope objective. The PIP-FUCCI fluorescent cell cycle reporter and a variant with H2A-mScarlet that allows for automated tracking of cell cycle phases (PIP-H2A) were used in human ISCs along with live imaging and EdU pulsing. An analysis pipeline combining free-to-use programs and publicly available code was compiled to analyze live imaging results. Results Chamber slides with soft collagen pressed to a thickness of 0.3 mm concurrently support ISC cycling and confocal imaging. PIP-FUCCI ISCs were found to be optimal for snapshot analysis wherein all nuclei are assigned to a cell cycle phase from a single image. PIP-H2A ISCs were better suited for live imaging since constant nuclear signal allowed for more automated analysis. CellPose2 and TrackMate were used together to track cycling cells. Conclusions We present two complete platforms for analyzing cell cycle phases in living primary human ISCs. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for cell cycle phase assignment from one image of living cells, the PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths in human ISCs using our computational pipeline. These platforms hold great promise for future studies on how pharmaceutical agents affect the intestinal epithelium, how cell cycle is regulated in human ISCs, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cotton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vanessa A Walcott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Dixit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kasia Kedziora
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anna Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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5
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Feng A, Bevins S, Chandler J, DeLiberto TJ, Ghai R, Lantz K, Lenoch J, Retchless A, Shriner S, Tang CY, Tong SS, Torchetti M, Uehara A, Wan XF. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4078. [PMID: 37429851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist and evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer across Washington, D.C. and 26 states in the United States between November 2021 and April 2022. We obtained 391 sequences and identified 34 Pango lineages including the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated from at least 109 independent spillovers from humans, which resulted in 39 cases of subsequent local deer-to-deer transmission and three cases of potential spillover from white-tailed deer back to humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted to white-tailed deer with recurring amino acid substitutions across spike and other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages were introduced, became enzootic, and co-circulated in white-tailed deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Feng
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Bevins
- USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Chandler
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Ria Ghai
- One Health Office, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Lantz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Julianna Lenoch
- USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam Retchless
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan Shriner
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suxiang Sue Tong
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Anna Uehara
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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6
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Fan ZJ, Tang CY, Hu DM. [Successful treatment of Bouveret syndrome by endoscopic titanium laser: a case report]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:1373-1375. [PMID: 36456522 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20211216-00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - D M Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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7
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Tang CY, Boftsi M, Staudt L, McElroy JA, Li T, Duong S, Ohler A, Ritter D, Hammer R, Hang J, Wan XF. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection: A cross-sectional study in central Missouri during the 2021-2022 influenza season. Virology 2022; 576:105-110. [PMID: 36206606 PMCID: PMC9523501 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses co-circulate, co-infections with these viruses generate an increasing concern to public health. To evaluate the prevalence and clinical impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus co-infections during the 2021-2022 influenza season, SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from 462 individuals were collected from October 2021 to January 2022. Of these individuals, 152 tested positive for influenza, and the monthly co-infection rate ranged from 7.1% to 48%. Compared to the Delta variant, individuals infected with Omicron were less likely to be co-infected and hospitalized, and individuals who received influenza vaccines were less likely to become co-infected. Three individuals had two samples collected on different dates, and all three developed a co-infection after their initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates high prevalence of co-infections in central Missouri during the 2021-2022 influenza season, differences in co-infection prevalence between the Delta and the Omicron waves, and the importance of influenza vaccinations against co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y. Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maria Boftsi
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay Staudt
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A. McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Duong
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adrienne Ohler
- Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Richard Hammer
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Corresponding author. Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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8
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Eteleeb AM, Thunuguntla PK, Gelev KZ, Tang CY, Rozycki EB, Miller A, Lei JT, Jayasinghe RG, Dang HX, White NM, Reis-Filho JS, Mardis ER, Ellis MJ, Ding L, Silva-Fisher JM, Maher CA. LINC00355 regulates p27 KIP expression by binding to MENIN to induce proliferation in late-stage relapse breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35418131 PMCID: PMC9007952 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-stage relapse (LSR) in patients with breast cancer (BC) occurs more than five years and up to 10 years after initial treatment and has less than 30% 5-year relative survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in BC yet have not been studied in LSR BC. Here, we identify 1127 lncRNAs differentially expressed in LSR BC via transcriptome sequencing and analysis of 72 early-stage and 24 LSR BC patient tumors. Decreasing expression of the most up-regulated lncRNA, LINC00355, in BC and MCF7 long-term estrogen deprived cell lines decreases cellular invasion and proliferation. Subsequent mechanistic studies show that LINC00355 binds to MENIN and changes occupancy at the CDKN1B promoter to decrease p27Kip. In summary, this is a key study discovering lncRNAs in LSR BC and LINC00355 association with epigenetic regulation and proliferation in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Eteleeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prasanth K Thunuguntla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyla Z Gelev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Emily B Rozycki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Reyka G Jayasinghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole M White
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Li Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica M Silva-Fisher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Christopher A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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10
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Hsu AL, Ohler AM, Goldstein A, Truong S, Tang CY, Wan XF, McElroy JA. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Disease Severity: Pregnant vs Nonpregnant Women at 82 Facilities. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:467-471. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pregnancy has been reported to be a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We evaluated the impact of pregnancy on severe COVID-19 and mortality in an electronic medical record (EMR) database that enabled exclusion of labor and delivery (L&D) encounters.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, EMRs from 82 healthcare facilities in the Cerner COVID-19 Datamart were analyzed. The study comprised 38 106 individuals aged 18–45 years old with COVID-19 who had emergency department, urgent care, or inpatient encounters from December 2019 to September 2020. Subgroups were balanced through propensity score weights for age, race, smoking status, and number of comorbidities. The primary outcome was COVID-19–related mortality; secondary outcomes were markers of severe COVID-19: intubations, mechanical ventilation, use of vasopressors, diagnosis of sepsis, and diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Results
In comparing pregnant and nonpregnant women, no statistical differences were found for markers of severe COVID-19, after adjusting for age, smoking, race, and comorbidities. The adjusted odds of an inpatient encounter were higher for pregnant vs nonpregnant women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6–15.3; P < .001), but notably lower after excluding L&D encounters (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.89–2.88; P < .001). In comparison to women without L&D encounters, hospitalization was significantly more likely for men.
Conclusions
We did not find an increased risk of severe COVID-19 or mortality in pregnancy. Hospitalization does not necessarily indicate severe COVID-19 in pregnancy, as half of pregnant patients with COVID-19 were admitted for L&D encounters in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert L Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri–Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Adrienne M Ohler
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Missouri–Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrea Goldstein
- University of Missouri–Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Truong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri–Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- University of Missouri–Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- University of Missouri Department of Family and Community Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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11
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Guan M, Johannesen E, Tang CY, Hsu AL, Barnes CL, Burnam M, McElroy JA, Wan XF. Intrauterine fetal demise in the third trimester of pregnancy associated with mild infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant without protection from vaccination. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:748-753. [PMID: 35024853 PMCID: PMC8807234 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has a higher infection rate in pregnant women than age-matched adults. With increased infectivity and transmissibility, the Delta variant is predominant worldwide. Here, we describe intrauterine fetal demise in an unvaccinated women with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection. Histology and elevated proinflammatory responses of the placenta suggest that fetal demise was associated with placental malperfusion due to Delta variant infection. This study suggests that the Delta variant can cause severe morbidity and mortality to fetuses. Vaccination should continve to be advocated and will likely continue to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection risks for pregnant women and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Johannesen
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Albert L Hsu
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Megan Burnam
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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Wang YJ, Ren YY, Tang CY, Li XT, Liu JF. [Clinical characteristics analysis of two cases of nosebleed with acute cerebral hemorrhage]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:1336-1337. [PMID: 34963223 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210304-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y Y Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - X T Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J F Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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13
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Tang CY, Wang Y, McElroy JA, Li T, Hammer R, Ritter D, Lidl GM, Webby R, Hang J, Wan XF. Reinfection with two genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 viruses within 19 days. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5700-5703. [PMID: 34170528 PMCID: PMC8426799 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y Tang
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Hammer
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace M Lidl
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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14
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Wan XF, Tang CY, Ritter D, Wang Y, Li T, Segovia K, Kosikova M, Johnson M, Kwon HJ, Xie H, Hammer RD, McElroy JA, Hamid A, Collins ND, Hang J, Camp S. SARS-CoV-2 show no infectivity at later stages in a prolonged COVID-19 patient despite positivity in RNA testing. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4570-4575. [PMID: 33830520 PMCID: PMC8250787 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases present enormous costs to patients and health systems in the United States. Many hospitalized patients may continue testing COVID-19 positive even after the resolution of symptoms. Thus, a pressing concern for clinicians is the safety of discharging these asymptomatic patients if they have any remaining infectivity. This case report explores the viral viability in a patient with persistent COVID-19 over the course of a 2-month hospitalization. Positive nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and isolated in the laboratory and analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR), and serology was tested for neutralizing antibodies throughout the hospitalization period. The patient experienced waning symptoms by hospital day 40 and had no viable virus growth by hospital day 41, suggesting no risk of infectivity, despite positive RT-PCR results which prolonged his hospital stay. Notably, this case showed infectivity for at least 24 days after disease onset, which is longer than the discontinuation of transmission-based precautions recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Thus, our findings suggest that the timeline for discontinuing transmission-based precautions may need to be extended for patients with severe and prolonged COVID-19 disease. Additional large-scale studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions on the appropriate clinical management for these patients. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Segovia
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hyung J Kwon
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard D Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Aws Hamid
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Natalie D Collins
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Simone Camp
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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15
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Abstract
Summary
We consider testing the covariance structure in statistical models. We focus on developing such tests when the random vectors of interest are not directly observable and have to be derived via estimated models. Additionally, the covariance specification may involve extra nuisance parameters which also need to be estimated. In a generic additive model setting, we develop and investigate test statistics based on the maximum discrepancy measure calculated from the residuals. To approximate the distributions of the test statistics under the null hypothesis, new multiplier bootstrap procedures with dedicated adjustments that incorporate the model and nuisance parameter estimation errors are proposed. Our theoretical development elucidates the impact due to the estimation errors with high-dimensional data and demonstrates the validity of our tests. Simulations and real data examples confirm our theory and demonstrate the performance of the proposed tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Guo
- International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Statistical Science, Temple University, 1810 Liacouras Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-6083, U.S.A.
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16
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Tang CY, Zhou F, Shen J, Ma X, Du J, Wang GG, Liu Z, Lei YQ, Li Y, Zhang JP. [Investigation and retrospective analysis of a family of Lynch syndrome]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 22:1081-1084. [PMID: 31770840 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0274.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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17
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Tang CY, Zulhairun AK, Wong TW, Alireza S, Marzuki MSA, Ismail AF. Water transport properties of boron nitride nanosheets mixed matrix membranes for humic acid removal. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01142. [PMID: 30723824 PMCID: PMC6350219 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration grade polysulfone-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporated with two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) was prepared via phase inversion method. The amount of BN incorporated was varied and the influence on membrane morphology, contact angle, surface charge, as well as water permeability and humic acid rejection were investigated. Results revealed that the addition of BN to the membrane matrix resulted in profound increase in water permeability (almost tripled to that of neat PSf) and humic acid rejection due to the increase in pore size and surface negative charge. Beyond the morphological changes imparted by the inclusion of BNNS, we postulated that the presence of BNNS within the membrane matrix also contribute to the enhancement in flux and rejection based on surface-slip and selective interlayer transport. Despite the favourable augmentation of water transport and filtration performance, the MMMs suffered with fouling problem due to the entrapment of foulant within the enlarged pores and the membrane valleys. Its inherent adsorptive character could be a disadvantage when utilized as membrane filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A K Zulhairun
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T W Wong
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S Alireza
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M S A Marzuki
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Hi-Tech Instruments Sdn. Bhd., Bandar Bukit Puchong, 47120, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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18
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Rust K, Spiliopoulou P, Tang CY, Bell C, Stirling D, Phang T, Davidson R, Mackean M, Nussey F, Glasspool RM, Reed NS, Sadozye A, Porteous M, McGoldrick T, Ferguson M, Miedzybrodzka Z, McNeish IA, Gourley C. Routine germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing in patients with ovarian carcinoma: analysis of the Scottish real-life experience. BJOG 2018; 125:1451-1458. [PMID: 29460478 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rates of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Scottish patients with ovarian cancer, before and after a change in testing policy. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Four cancer/genetics centres in Scotland. POPULATION Patients with ovarian cancer undergoing germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (gBRCA1/2) sequencing before 2013 (under the 'old criteria', with selection based solely on family history), after 2013 (under the 'new criteria', with sequencing offered to newly presenting patients with non-mucinous ovarian cancer), and in the 'prevalent population' (who presented before 2013, but were not eligible for sequencing under the old criteria but were sequenced under the new criteria). METHODS Clinicopathological and sequence data were collected before and for 18 months after this change in selection criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of germline BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations. RESULTS Of 599 patients sequenced, 205, 236, and 158 were in the 'old criteria', 'new criteria', and 'prevalent' populations, respectively. The frequency of gBRCA1/2 mutations was 30.7, 13.1, and 12.7%, respectively. The annual rate of gBRCA1/2 mutation detection was 4.2 before and 20.7 after the policy change. A total of 48% (15/31) 'new criteria' patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations had a Manchester score of <15 and would not have been offered sequencing based on family history criteria. In addition, 20 patients with gBRCA1/2 were identified in the prevalent population. The prevalence of gBRCA1/2 mutations in patients aged >70 years was 8.2%. CONCLUSIONS Sequencing all patients with non-mucinous ovarian cancer gives a much higher annual gBRCA1/2 mutation detection rate, with the frequency of positive tests still exceeding the 10% threshold upon which many family history-based models operate. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT BRCA sequencing all non-mucinous cancer patients increases mutation detection five fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rust
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C Y Tang
- Department of Oncology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - C Bell
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - D Stirling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thf Phang
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R Davidson
- Department of Genetics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Mackean
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Nussey
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - N S Reed
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Sadozye
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Porteous
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T McGoldrick
- Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Ferguson
- Department of Oncology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Z Miedzybrodzka
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - I A McNeish
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Gourley
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Dikshit N, Kale SD, Khameneh HJ, Balamuralidhar V, Tang CY, Kumar P, Lim TP, Tan TT, Kwa AL, Mortellaro A, Sukumaran B. NLRP3 inflammasome pathway has a critical role in the host immunity against clinically relevant Acinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:257-272. [PMID: 28612844 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a leading cause of life-threatening nosocomial pneumonia. Outbreaks of multidrug resistant (MDR)-AB belonging to international clones (ICs) I and II with limited treatment options are major global health threats. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of various AB clonal groups are understudied. Although inflammation-associated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and IL-1 receptor antagonist polymorphisms were previously implicated in MDR-AB-related pneumonia in patients, whether inflammasomes has any role in the host defense and/or pathogenesis of clinically relevant A. baumannii infection is unknown. Using a sublethal mouse pneumonia model, we demonstrate that an extensively drug-resistant clinical isolate (ICII) of A. baumannii exhibits reduced/delayed early pulmonary neutrophil recruitment, higher lung persistence, and, most importantly, elicits enhanced IL-1β/IL-18 production and lung damage through NLRP3 inflammasome, in comparison with A. baumannii-type strain. A. baumannii infection-induced IL-1β/IL-18 production is entirely dependent on NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1/caspase-11 pathway. Using Nlrp3-/- mice infection models, we further show that while NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to host defense against A. baumannii clinical isolate, it is dispensable for protection against A. baumannii-type strain. Our study reveals a novel differential role for NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the immunity against clinically relevant A. baumannii infections, and highlights inflammasome pathway as a potential immunomodulatory target.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dikshit
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S D Kale
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H J Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Balamuralidhar
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Y Tang
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Kumar
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T P Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Sing Health Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme (MED ACP), Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A L Kwa
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Sing Health Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme (MED ACP), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Sukumaran
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Dickstein DL, Pullman MY, Fernandez C, Short JA, Kostakoglu L, Knesaurek K, Soleimani L, Jordan BD, Gordon WA, Dams-O'Connor K, Delman BN, Wong E, Tang CY, DeKosky ST, Stone JR, Cantu RC, Sano M, Hof PR, Gandy S. Cerebral [ 18 F]T807/AV1451 retention pattern in clinically probable CTE resembles pathognomonic distribution of CTE tauopathy. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e900. [PMID: 27676441 PMCID: PMC5048212 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder most commonly associated with repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI) and characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein, known as a tauopathy. Currently, the diagnosis of CTE can only be definitively established postmortem. However, a new positron emission tomography (PET) ligand, [18F]T807/AV1451, may provide the antemortem detection of tau aggregates, and thus various tauopathies, including CTE. Our goal was to examine [18F]T807/AV1451 retention in athletes with neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with a history of multiple concussions. Here we report a 39-year-old retired National Football League player who suffered 22 concussions and manifested progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms. Emotional lability and irritability were the chief complaints. Serial neuropsychological exams revealed a decline in executive functioning, processing speed and fine motor skills. Naming was below average but other cognitive functions were preserved. Structural analysis of longitudinally acquired magenetic resonance imaging scans revealed cortical thinning in the left frontal and lateral temporal areas, as well as volume loss in the basal ganglia. PET with [18F]florbetapir was negative for amyloidosis. The [18F]T807/AV1451 PET showed multifocal areas of retention at the cortical gray matter-white matter junction, a distribution considered pathognomonic for CTE. [18F]T807/AV1451 standard uptake value (SUV) analysis showed increased uptake (SUVr⩾1.1) in bilateral cingulate, occipital, and orbitofrontal cortices, and several temporal areas. Although definitive identification of the neuropathological underpinnings basis for [18F]T807/AV1451 retention requires postmortem correlation, our data suggest that [18F]T807/AV1451 tauopathy imaging may be a promising tool to detect and diagnose CTE-related tauopathy in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Dickstein
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA. E-mail:
| | - M Y Pullman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Short
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Kostakoglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Knesaurek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Soleimani
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B D Jordan
- Burke Rehabilitaiton Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - W A Gordon
- The NFL Neurological Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Dams-O'Connor
- The NFL Neurological Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B N Delman
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J R Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R C Cantu
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, USA
| | - M Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Gandy
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA. E-mail:
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Tang CY, Silva-Fisher JM, Dang HX, White NM, Maher CA. Abstract 971: A novel long noncoding RNA, onco-lncRNA 230, induces apoptosis and invasion in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs that are longer than 200 base pairs and do not translate into proteins but have been shown to play roles in all aspects of biological regulation. LncRNAs have also been shown to regulate gene expression including chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional control. In addition, they are now emerging to be important players in our understanding of cancer and have been shown to promote tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the advancement of tumor progression to metastasis is poorly understood. To identify lncRNAs critical to tumorigenesis, our lab conducted a pan-cancer analysis of normal and primary tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas to discover lncRNAs that are commonly altered across cancer types, which we termed ‘onco-lncRNAs’. During our analysis, we discovered a novel unannotated onco-lncRNA, onco-lncRNA-230, that was significantly up regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tumors relative to matched adjacent normal tissues, when available. We chose to focus on onco-lncRNA-230 as it displayed more than seven fold increase in LUAD and more than thirty seven fold change in LUSC tumors relative to adjacent normal. First, we validated this finding by quantitative PCR which revealed greater than a two fold enrichment of onco-lncRNA-230 expression in two out of seven LUAD and all six LUSC cells lines compared to a normal lung cell line. Because we observed the greatest increase in expression in HCC95 LUSC cells, we next sought to determine if modulating the expression of onco-lncRNA-230 promotes oncogenic phenotypes. Silencing of onco-lncRNA-230 in HCC95 cells did not change cellular proliferation but significantly increased apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing onco-lncRNA-230 resulted in a decrease in cellular invasion by transwell assay. Taken together, this represents the first study reporting that onco-lncRNA-230 is dysregulated in multiple cancer types, significantly up-regulated in lung cancer patient samples and lung cancer cell lines, and confers oncogenic phenotypes. Moving forward, we intend to explore how onco-lncRNA-230 mechanistically promotes lung cancer with the objective of utilizing onco-lncRNA-230 as a novel cancer diagnostic and therapy.
Citation Format: Cynthia Y. Tang, Jessica M. Silva-Fisher, Ha X. Dang, Nicole M. White, Christopher A. Maher. A novel long noncoding RNA, onco-lncRNA 230, induces apoptosis and invasion in lung squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 971.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ha X. Dang
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Han JS, Wang HS, Wang ZW, Yin ZT, Han HG, Tang CY. [Safety and efficacy of Cox-maze Ⅲ procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:1011-5. [PMID: 27055792 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.13.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cut-and-sew Cox-Maze (CM) Ⅲ procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease. METHODS Patients received mitral valve replacement and CM procedure between January 2007 and July 2015, were 1∶1 matched and assigned to CM Ⅳ group (undergoing surgical ablation) and CM Ⅲ group (undergoing cut-and-sew CM Ⅲ). Safety indices, mortality rate, complications and recovery rate of sinus rhythm were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Mean extracorporeal circulation time was (154±22) min in the CM Ⅲ group and (136±21) min in the CM Ⅳ group (P<0.001), and aortic clamp time was (85±9) min in the CM Ⅲ group and (74±12) min in the CM Ⅳ group (P<0.001). One patient (1.18%) in the CM Ⅲ group died of multi-organ failure 4 day after left ventricular rupture being sucessfully repaired, and 2 patients died (2.35%) in the CM Ⅳ group ( 1 due to left ventricular rupture and 1 due to low cardiac output syndrome). There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. Temporary pacemaker were applied for 76 cases (89.41%) in the CM Ⅲ and 70 cases (82.35%) in the CM Ⅳ group, without a statistical difference (P=0.186). There were also no statistical difference between the two groups in intraoperative urinary volume, postoperative drainage of fluid volume, hemoglobinuria, ventilator time, ICU time, hospital stay and the incidence of the complications (all P>0.05). Sinus rhythm recovery rate was 62.35 % in the CM Ⅲ group and 57.65 % in the CM Ⅳ group, without a statistical difference (P=0.531) at the operation day, but at discharge a statistical difference was found (97.62% in the CM Ⅲ group vs 81.93% in the CM Ⅳ group, P<0.001). All patients were followed up for three months, and no deaths occurred. Sinus rhythm recovery rate was 96.43 % in the CM Ⅲ group and 86.75% in the CM Ⅳ group, with a statistical difference (P=0.024). CONCLUSION The cut-and-sew Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure is a safe and effective method for patients with atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Thalayasingam M, Gerez IFA, Yap GC, Llanora GV, Chia IP, Chua L, Lee CJAO, Ta LDH, Cheng YK, Thong BYH, Tang CY, Van Bever HPS, Shek LP, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Lee BW. Clinical and immunochemical profiles of food challenge proven or anaphylactic shrimp allergy in tropical Singapore. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:687-97. [PMID: 25257922 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shellfish allergy in Singapore is highly prevalent, and shrimp allergy is the most common. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and immunological phenotype of shellfish allergy in this population. METHODS Patients with self-reported shellfish allergy were recruited from outpatient clinics of three large hospitals and from a population survey. Open oral food challenges (OFC) to glass prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) were carried out on all patients except for those who had a history of severe anaphylaxis. Skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE to crude and recombinant allergens were carried out to evaluate shrimp and dust mite sensitization. Immunoblots were used to assess IgE-binding proteins. RESULTS The 104 patients recruited were categorized into shellfish allergic (SA) when OFC was positive or had a history of severe anaphylaxis (n = 39), shellfish tolerant (ST) when OFC was negative (n = 27), and house dust mite positive controls (HDM(+) ) who were ST (n = 38). Oral symptoms (87.1%) were the predominant clinical manifestation. Positive challenge doses ranged from 2 to 80 g of cooked shrimp, with 25/52 patients reacting to either one or both shrimps challenged. The presence of specific IgE to shrimp either by SPT and/or ImmunoCAP(®) assay provided diagnostic test sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 22.2%. The inclusion of specific IgE to shrimp tropomyosin and IgE immunoblots with shrimp extracts did not improve the diagnostic proficiency substantially. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights the predominance of oral symptoms in shrimp allergy in tropical Asia and that a high provocation dose may be necessary to reveal shrimp allergy. Furthermore, specific IgE diagnostic tests and immunoblots were of limited use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thalayasingam
- Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
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Lim JF, Sim AGH, Ng LCM, Tang CY, Tan PY, Chang WT. O-42 Effectiveness of an advance care planning advocates’ training programme in improving healthcare professionals’ perceptions towards advance care planning. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000978.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cho CY, Cheng HP, Chang YC, Tang CY, Chen YF. An energy adjustable linearly polarized passively Q-switched bulk laser with a wedged diffusion-bonded Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal. Opt Express 2015; 23:8162-8169. [PMID: 25837153 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An energy adjustable passively Q-switched laser is demonstrated with a composite Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal by applying a wedged interface inside the crystal. The theoretical model of the monolithic laser resonator is explored to show the energy adjustable feature with different initial transmissions of the saturable absorber at the horizontal axis. By adjusting the pump beam location across the Nd:YAG crystal, the output pulse energy can be flexibly changed from 10.9 μJ to 17.6 μJ while maintaining the same output efficiency. The polarization state of the laser output is found to be along with the polarization of the C-mount pump diode. Finally, the behavior of the multi-transverse-mode oscillation is also discussed for eliminating the instability of the pulse train.
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26
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Murrough JW, Collins KA, Fields J, DeWilde KE, Phillips ML, Mathew SJ, Wong E, Tang CY, Charney DS, Iosifescu DV. Regulation of neural responses to emotion perception by ketamine in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e509. [PMID: 25689570 PMCID: PMC4445748 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has demonstrated antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) within 24 h of a single dose. The current study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and two separate emotion perception tasks to examine the neural effects of ketamine in patients with TRD. One task used happy and neutral facial expressions; the other used sad and neutral facial expressions. Twenty patients with TRD free of concomitant antidepressant medication underwent fMRI at baseline and 24 h following administration of a single intravenous dose of ketamine (0.5 mg kg(-1)). Adequate data were available for 18 patients for each task. Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were scanned at one time point for baseline comparison. Whole-brain, voxel-wise analyses were conducted controlling for a family-wise error rate (FWE) of P<0.05. Compared with healthy volunteers, TRD patients showed reduced neural responses to positive faces within the right caudate. Following ketamine, neural responses to positive faces were selectively increased within a similar region of right caudate. Connectivity analyses showed that greater connectivity of the right caudate during positive emotion perception was associated with improvement in depression severity following ketamine. No main effect of group was observed for the sad faces task. Our results indicate that ketamine specifically enhances neural responses to positive emotion within the right caudate in depressed individuals in a pattern that appears to reverse baseline deficits and that connectivity of this region may be important for the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA. E-mail:
| | - K A Collins
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Fields
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K E DeWilde
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S J Mathew
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Wong
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D S Charney
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) is an edible and medicinal mushroom with annual production yields for China exceeding 2 million metric tons. Hebei province is one of the biggest producers of needle mushrooms in China. From 2009 to 2010, red rust-colored sporulation (fungal mycelia and conidia) was found on the substrate surface of white needle mushroom bags in more than 10 mushroom cultivation operations in Hebei. The rust-colored sporulation covered the substrate surface, where the development of the fruiting bodies was inhibited; the stipes were sparse and became light brown when the substrate was slightly affected. The fruiting bodies on severely affected substrate were unable to complete development or shriveled and died off on the substrate. More than 30 to 40% substrate bags were contaminated with the red rust mold, with approximately a 40% yield reduction in each production house. Single conidia were isolated from the red rust mold and cultured on potato dextrose agar at 25°C in the dark. The colony was round, compact, reddish-brown, and slow-growing (2 to 3 mm/d). Main conidiophore axes were erect, often branched in five to seven layers, tapered from the base to the upper part, pale reddish brown at the base, and almost hyaline at the apex. Two to five phialides usually verticillated at each level along the main stipe and its branches. Phialides were narrowly flask-shaped and only very slightly swollen at the base. Conidia were oval, measured 3.5 to 5.4 (4.5) × 2.3 to 3.6 (3.0) μm, L/W = 1.2 to 2.0 (1.5), and formed pale reddish brown, slimy heads. The isolate was tentatively identified as Acrostalagmus luteo-albus based on its morphological characteristics (2). For molecular analysis, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA from the isolate were PCR-amplified using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The resulting sequence (Accession No. KC127681) submitted to GenBank had a 99% identity to that of A. luteo-albus (JN545827) isolated from vineyard soil and Accession No. JQ387575 isolated from twig of declining persimmon tree. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate to needle mushroom, five bags of needle mushroom with stipes of 1 to 2 cm long were inoculated with a conidia suspension (105 conidia/ml) of the isolate and incubated at 13 to 15°C in the dark, while five non-inoculated bags (sprayed with sterile water only) were used as a control. Five days after inoculation, the development of the fruiting body was obviously inhibited, and a few growing fruiting bodies became light brown, compared with the non-inoculated fruiting bodies, which were growing healthily and fast and were white with no symptoms. The pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated fruiting bodies. A. luteo-albus is primarily saprophytic but is sometimes pathogenic. Indeed, it has been associated with post-harvest rot of ginger rhizomes in Brazil (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. luteo-albus causing damage to needle mushroom in China. References: (1) S. I. Moreira et al. Trop. Plant Pathol. 38:218, 2013. (2) R. Zare et al. Mycol. Res. 108:576, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Tang CY, Tsui CP, Tang YM, Wei L, Wong CT, Lam KW, Ip WY, Lu WWJ, Pang MYC. Voxel-based approach to generate entire human metacarpal bone with microscopic architecture for finite element analysis. Biomed Mater Eng 2014; 24:1469-84. [PMID: 24642974 DOI: 10.3233/bme-130951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology, it is possible to construct three-dimensional (3D) models of human bone without destruction of samples and predict mechanical behavior of bone using finite element analysis (FEA). However, due to large number of elements required for constructing the FE models of entire bone, this demands a substantial computational effort and the analysis usually needs a high level of computer. In this article, a voxel-based approach for generation of FE models of entire bone with microscopic architecture from micro-CT image data is proposed. To enable the FE analyses of entire bone to be run even on a general personal computer, grayscale intensity thresholds were adopted to reduce the amount of elements. Human metacarpal bone (MCP) bone was used as an example for demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method. The micro-CT images of the MCP bone were combined and converted into 3D array of pixels. Dual grayscale intensity threshold parameters were used to distinguish the pixels of bone tissues from those of surrounding soft tissues and improve predictive accuracy for the FE analyses with different sizes of elements. The method of selecting an appropriate value of the second grayscale intensity threshold was also suggested to minimize the area error for the reconstructed cross-sections of a FE structure. Experimental results showed that the entire FE MCP bone with microscopic architecture could be modeled and analyzed on a personal computer with reasonable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - C P Tsui
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y M Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Wei
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - C T Wong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - K W Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W Y Ip
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W W J Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Y C Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Huang YJ, Tzeng YS, Tang CY, Chiang SY, Liang HC, Chen YF. Efficient high-power terahertz beating in a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked laser with dual gain media. Opt Lett 2014; 39:1477-1480. [PMID: 24690817 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We originally present a novel tactic to accomplish a compact efficient dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked laser by physically combining the Nd:YVO4 crystal to the Nd:GdVO4 crystal as a composite gain medium. With the developed method, the total output power at 1.06 μm could be effectually produced to reach 1.3 W under the optimally balanced two-color intensities. The corresponding mode-locked pulse width and repetition rate are measured to be 47 ps and 2.86 GHz, respectively. Through the optical beating between two carrier frequencies of dual-color synchronous pulses, a train of 0.32 THz ultrashort pulses is further generated with the effective duration of down to 1.6 ps.
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Tzeng YS, Huang YJ, Tang CY, Su KW, Chen WD, Zhang G, Chen YF. High-power tunable single- and multi-wavelength diode-pumped Nd:YAP laser in the (4)F3/2 → (4)I11/2 transition. Opt Express 2013; 21:26261-26268. [PMID: 24216850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.026261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally explore the fluorescent spectrum of the Nd:YAP crystal to manifest the feasibility of tunable single- and multi-wavelength operations in the (4)F3/2 → (4)I11/2 transition. An intracavity etalon is subsequently exploited to effectively select spectral lines at 1073, 1080, and 1084 nm with the tunabilities of 0.56, 1.13, and 0.1 nm, respectively. We also experimentally obtain multi-wavelength oscillations among various intermanifold lines in the Nd:YAP crystal with the output powers on the order of several watts for each group. Employing the Cr(4+):YAG crystal to realize the passively Q-switched operation, the maximum average output powers as high as 2.3 and 3.5 W for 1073 and 1080 nm are obtained. The corresponding pulse energies at 1073 and 1080 nm are up to 177 and 159 μJ, respectively.
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Huang YJ, Tang CY, Tzeng YS, Su KW, Chen YF. Efficient high-energy passively Q-switched Nd:YLF/Cr4+:YAG UV laser at 351 nm with pulsed pumping in a nearly hemispherical cavity. Opt Lett 2013; 38:519-521. [PMID: 23455122 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We originally utilize a nearly hemispherical cavity to accomplish the energy scale-up for a high-repetition-rate nanosecond pulsed pumped Nd:YLF laser passively Q-switched by the Cr(4+):YAG saturable absorber. This compact laser is able to efficiently generate pulse energy as large as 1.38 mJ and pulse width as short as 5 ns under a pulse repetition rate of 100 Hz. Further employing the developed Nd:YLF laser to perform extracavity harmonic generations, the maximum pulse energies of 490 μJ at 527 nm and 360 μJ at 351 nm are achieved with the shortest pulse duration of 4 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Huang YJ, Tzeng YS, Tang CY, Huang YP, Chen YF. Tunable GHz pulse repetition rate operation in high-power TEM(00)-mode Nd:YLF lasers at 1047 nm and 1053 nm with self mode locking. Opt Express 2012; 20:18230-18237. [PMID: 23038372 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.018230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on a high-power diode-pumped self-mode-locked Nd:YLF laser with the pulse repetition rate up to several GHz. A novel tactic is developed to efficiently select the output polarization state for achieving the stable TEM(00)-mode self-mode-locked operations at 1053 nm and 1047 nm, respectively. At an incident pump power of 6.93 W and a pulse repetition rate of 2.717 GHz, output powers as high as 2.15 W and 1.35 W are generated for the σ- and π-polarization, respectively. We experimentally find that decreasing the separation between the gain medium and the input mirror not only brings in the pulse shortening thanks to the enhanced effect of the spatial hole burning, but also effectively introduces the effect of the spectral filtering to lead the Nd:YLF laser to be in a second harmonic mode-locked status. Consequently, pulse durations as short as 8 ps and 8.5 ps are obtained at 1053 nm and 1047 nm with a pulse repetition rate of 5.434 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Tang CY, Ng GYF, Wang ZW, Tsui CP, Zhang G. Parameter optimization for the visco-hyperelastic constitutive model of tendon using FEM. Biomed Mater Eng 2011; 21:9-24. [PMID: 21537060 DOI: 10.3233/bme-2011-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous constitutive models describing the mechanical properties of tendons have been proposed during the past few decades. However, few were widely used owing to the lack of implementation in the general finite element (FE) software, and very few systematic studies have been done on selecting the most appropriate parameters for these constitutive laws. In this work, the visco-hyperelastic constitutive model of the tendon implemented through the use of three-parameter Mooney-Rivlin form and sixty-four-parameter Prony series were firstly analyzed using ANSYS FE software. Afterwards, an integrated optimization scheme was developed by coupling two optimization toolboxes (OPTs) of ANSYS and MATLAB for estimating these unknown constitutive parameters of the tendon. Finally, a group of Sprague-Dawley rat tendons was used to execute experimental and numerical simulation investigation. The simulated results showed good agreement with the experimental data. An important finding revealed that too many Maxwell elements was not necessary for assuring accuracy of the model, which is often neglected in most open literatures. Thus, all these proved that the constitutive parameter optimization scheme was reliable and highly efficient. Furthermore, the approach can be extended to study other tendons or ligaments, as well as any visco-hyperelastic solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P R China
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Shamy JL, Carpenter DM, Fong SG, Murray EA, Tang CY, Hof PR, Rapp PR. Alterations of white matter tracts following neurotoxic hippocampal lesions in macaque monkeys: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Hippocampus 2010; 20:906-10. [PMID: 20095006 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a valuable tool for assessing presumptive white matter alterations in human disease and animal models. The current study used DTI to examine the effects of selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus on major white matter tracts and anatomically related brain regions in macaque monkeys. Two years postlesion, structural MRI, and DTI sequences were acquired for each subject. Volumetric assessment revealed a substantial reduction in the size of the hippocampus in experimental subjects, averaging 72% relative to controls, without apparent damage to adjacent regions. DTI images were processed to yield measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), parallel diffusivity (lADC), and perpendicular diffusivity (tADC), as well as directional color maps. To evaluate potential changes in major projection systems, a region of interest (ROI) analysis was conducted including the corpus callosum, fornix, temporal stem, cingulum bundle, ventromedial prefrontal white matter, and optic radiations. Lesion-related abnormalities in the integrity of the fiber tracts examined were limited to known hippocampal circuitry, including the fornix and ventromedial prefrontal white matter. These findings are consistent with the notion that hippocampal damage results in altered interactions with multiple memory-related brain regions, including portions of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shamy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Waysek EH, Schierle J, Duesterloh A, Deshpande J, Austad J, Austad J, Blatt Y, Chan YF, Deshpande J, Duesterloh A, Kumar TKS, LaLuzerne P, Nemzer B, Ortiz JFL, Peadon P, Reif K, Schierle J, Stanley S, Tang CY. Determination of Lycopene in Dietary Supplements and Raw Materials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the interlaboratory performance of an LC method for lycopene in dietary supplements and the raw materials commonly used in their manufacture. Twelve laboratories from six countries agreed to participate in the study. Results from 10 laboratories were received and are reported. Five dietary supplements, including both tablets and a softgel capsule with a lycopene content ranging from 25 g to 25 mg per unit, and three raw materials, including gelatin-based beadlets, vegetarian beadlets, and a suspension in oil ranging from 5 to 20 lycopene, were analyzed as blind duplicates. In addition to the commercial products, two positive controls and a negative control were included in the study. For the raw materials studied, the repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 1.49 to 5.13 for total lycopene, and the reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 3.84 to 9.21 with HorRat values from 1.23 to 3.24. For finished products, the RSDr ranged from 1.31 to 4.62, RSDR from 4.28 to 10.5, and HorRat values from 0.79 to 2.07. Corresponding values for all-trans-lycopene were significantly higher. It is recommended that the method be considered for Official First Action for all-trans- and total lycopene in finished products and raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Schierle
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, CH-4308, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - Jayant Deshpande
- OmniActive Health Technologies, A-131, Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, India 400604
| | - John Austad
- Covance Laboratories, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI 53704
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Wang ZW, Tang CY. Comments on "Viscoelastic studies of human subscapularis tendon: relaxation test and a Wiechert model" by C. Machiraju, A.V. Phan, A.W. Pearsall, S. Madanagopal, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (2006). Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2009; 96:234-235. [PMID: 19615781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Referring to the approach for determining the material parameters for a Wiechert model of the human subscapularis tendon proposed by Machiraju et al. [C. Machiraju, A.V. Phan, A.W. Pearsall, S. Madanagopal, Viscoelastic studies of a human subscapularis tendon: relaxation test and a Wiechert model, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (2006), doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2006.05.004], some comments are made on the basis of the result of an alternative method that is capable of giving more reasonable values for the Wiechart model with the fitting discrepancies minimized by a multi-variable optimization strategy.
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Tang CY, Tzeng CH, Chen CS, Chiu TS. Microsatellite DNA markers for population-genetic studies of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) and cross-specific amplification in S. japonicus. Mol Ecol Resour 2009; 9:824-7. [PMID: 21564757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) is targeted by large-scale purse-seiners in the western North Pacific, and its stock structure is still contentious. Herein, we described 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for blue mackerel. The number of alleles among 32 individuals surveyed ranged from five to 27 (average of 16.2 alleles per locus). Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectation were observed at two loci. Cross-specific amplification in the congener, S. japonicus, was successful, except for one locus, revealed to be diagnostic for these congeners. These microsatellite loci will be useful tools to address queries in population genetic structure, fishery management unit and taxonomic species status in the genus Scomber.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Research Centre for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan Institute of Zoology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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Thong BYH, Cheng YK, Leong KP, Tang CY, Chng HH. Immediate food hypersensitivity among adults attending a clinical immunology/allergy centre in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:236-40. [PMID: 17342294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The patient characteristics, clinical features and causative foods in 74 consecutive adult patients with immediate food hypersensitivity were studied. METHODS A retrospective review of 74 consecutive adults who presented during the study period from July 1, 1994 to April 30, 2002 was performed. RESULTS There were 35 male and 39 female patients, with a mean age of 36.3 +/- 10.9 (range, 19-66) years. The most common causative foods were seafood crustaceans, molluscs and bird's nest. Prawn and crab were the most commonly implicated crustacean, and limpet the commonest culprit mollusc. The main symptoms were periorbital angioedema (64.9 percent), dyspnoea/wheezing (44.6 percent) and urticaria (44.6 percent). 66 percent of the patients developed anaphylaxis. 34 (45.9 percent) had concomitant allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, eczema or combinations of these atopic diseases. Only six (8.1 percent) patients had a family history of food allergy. Skin prick tests (SPT) to commercially-prepared food allergens were positive in 22 of 36 patients (61.1 percent) tested. SPT to the fresh, cooked or canned food products were positive in 11 of 20 (55 percent) cases where the food allergen was not commercially available. Open food challenges were required for diagnosis in two patients who had negative SPT. CONCLUSION The most common food allergens in our patients were seafood crustaceans, molluscs and bird's nest. More than half of the patients had concomitant allergic rhinitis, asthma and/or eczema. The pattern of food allergy in Singapore differs from Caucasian populations, likely to be because of different regional dietary patterns and methods of food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
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Tang CY, Chen JH, Zandbergen HW, Li FH. Image deconvolution in spherical aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2006; 106:539-46. [PMID: 16545524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The method of image deconvolution developed previously for FEG high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) without a spherical aberration (C(s)) corrector was for the first time applied to FEG HRTEM with a C(s)-corrector. The principle and the procedure of image deconvolution are briefly described. Four qualified [1 1 0] images of Si were selected from a through-focus series to perform image deconvolution. The projected potential is successfully derived from all the images, and the obtained "dumbbell" structure maps of Si [1 1 0] are in good agreement with the calculated potential map. The criterion of selecting qualified images for performing image deconvolution is indicated. The possibility of applying image deconvolution to defect study and to ab initio crystal structure determination is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Thong BYH, Cheng YK, Leong KP, Tang CY, Chng HH. Anaphylaxis in adults referred to a clinical immunology/allergy centre in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2005; 46:529-34. [PMID: 16172772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study the clinical features and causes of anaphylaxis in consecutive adult patients referred to a clinical immunology/allergy centre in Singapore. METHODS A retrospective review of 67 consecutive adults with anaphylaxis who presented from July 1, 1998 to February 28, 2002 was performed. Anaphylaxis was defined as a severe life-threatening systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced idiosyncratic reactions and other non-IgE mediated reactions were excluded. Hypotension and bronchospasm were not required to make a diagnosis. The aetiology was determined from clinical history followed by measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels, skin prick test with commercially-available allergen extracts or prick-prick test with the fresh/cooked/canned food products. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 32.9 +/- 10.9 (range 19-57) years. There were 44 (65.7 percent) males and 23 (34.3 percent) females. The main causes were food (44.8 percent), insect stings (32.8 percent) and idiopathic (22.4 percent). There were no cases due to drugs or natural rubber latex. Seafood (crustaceans and molluscs) comprised 66.7 percent of food-induced anaphylaxis. Honeybee and wasp stings together comprised 45 percent of insect venom anaphylaxis. The most common manifestations were dyspnoea (59.7 percent), urticaria (58.2 percent), angioedema (44.8 percent), and syncope (43.3 percent). Hypotension was documented in only 28.4 percent of cases. CONCLUSION Food (crustaceans and molluscs) was the most common cause followed by insect stings or bites. The inability to identify the causative insect in 50 percent of cases with insect venom anaphylaxis limited the role of specific immunotherapy. Compared to other reported series, there were no cases of drug or latex anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
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Leong KP, Yeak SCL, Saurajen ASM, Mok PKH, Earnest A, Siow JK, Chee NWC, Yeo SB, Khoo ML, Lee JCY, Seshadri R, Chan SP, Tang CY, Chng HH. Why generic and disease-specific quality-of-life instruments should be used together for the evaluation of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:288-98. [PMID: 15784105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of assessing health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) has been well established, but the specific roles of rhinitis-specific or general health instruments have not been delineated. OBJECTIVE We analysed the psychometric properties of a disease-specific instrument, the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and the general health instrument, the Medical Outcome Short-Form 36 (SF-36) as they are employed in combination in patients with persistent AR in clinical practice. METHOD We analysed the data collected from a prospective study of 43 newly diagnosed patients with persistent AR and 44 controls. We interviewed the patients four times, at baseline, weeks 4, 8 and 10. RESULTS The RQLQ and SF-36 have good discriminative property, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The RQLQ is superior to the SF-36 as an evaluative instrument because more of its domains respond to change, the magnitude of change was greater, and the response was faster. The SF-36 is more susceptible to floor and ceiling effects. Both instruments are unsuitable for mildly symptomatic patients based on Rasch model analysis. Each questionnaire assesses a distinct and significant portion of the total HRQL of persistent AR. CONCLUSION The SF-36 and RQLQ are good for discriminating rhinitis patients from controls, but the former is poor for detecting changes in QOL. Both are inappropriate for mildly symptomatic patients. Each instrument measures non-overlapping halves of the measurable HRQL. For an assessment of the HRQL in persistent AR that is complete and responsive both instruments should be employed together.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Leong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433.
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Tang CY, Stojanovic B, Tsui CP, Kojic M. Modeling of muscle fatigue using Hill's model. Biomed Mater Eng 2005; 15:341-8. [PMID: 16179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new model incorporating muscle fatigue has been developed to predict the effect of muscle fatigue on the force-time relationship of skeletal muscle by using the PAK-program. Differential equations in the incremental form have been implemented into Hill's muscle model. In order to describe the effect of muscle fatigue and recovery on skeletal muscle behaviors, a set of equations in terms of three phenomenological parameters which are a fatigue curve under sustained maximal activation, a recovery curve and an endurance function were developed. With reference to existing models and experimental results, the input parameters for fatigue curve under sustained maximal activation and endurance function were determined. The model has been investigated under an isometric condition. The effects of different shapes of the recovery curves have also been considered in this model. Validation of the model has been performed by comparing the predicted results with the experimental data from an existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, China
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Fan JP, Tsui CP, Tang CY, Chow CL. Influence of interphase layer on the overall elasto-plastic behaviors of HA/PEEK biocomposite. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5363-73. [PMID: 15130721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional finite element unit cell model has been designed and constructed for studying mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) biocomposite. The model consists of an elastic-brittle HA spherical particle, an elasto-plastic matrix and an interphase layer between the particle and the matrix. The interphase layers with four different kinds of material behaviors have been taken into consideration to examine their effects on the overall properties of the composite. The damage evolution in the matrix and the interphase layer, and the interface failure, were also taken into account. Some other factors, such as mesh sensitivity, loading velocity and mass scale scheme, were also discussed in this investigation. A general-purpose finite element software package, ABAQUS, incorporated with a user-defined material subroutine, was used to perform the analysis. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data obtained from existing literatures. The results predicted by using the cell model with consideration of the matrix degradation and the effects of the damage and failure on the interphase layer are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Hence, the suitability of our proposed cell model incorporated with an appropriate type of the interphase layer for modeling the mechanical properties of the particulate biocomposite could be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Fan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room DE404, ISE Research Office, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Tsui CP, Tang CY, Leung CP, Cheng KW, Ng YF, Chow DHK, Li CK. Active finite element analysis of skeletal muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contraction. Biomed Mater Eng 2004; 14:271-9. [PMID: 15299239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
An active finite element model was developed to predict the mechanical behaviors of skeletal muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contraction. The active finite element was created through incorporation of a user-defined material property into ABAQUS finite element code. The active finite element is controlled by a motor element that is activated by a mathematical function. The nonlinear passive behavior of the muscle was defined by the viscoelastic elements and can be easily altered to other properties by using other elements in the material library without the need of re-defining the constitutive relation of the muscle. The isometric force-length relationship, force-strain relations of the muscle-tendon complex during both shortening and lengthening contraction and muscle relaxation response were predicted using the proposed finite element model. The predicted results were found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, the stress distribution in the muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contractions was simulated. The location of the maximum stress may provide useful information for studying muscle damage and fatigue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Tsui
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Stell BM, Brickley SG, Tang CY, Farrant M, Mody I. Neuroactive steroids reduce neuronal excitability by selectively enhancing tonic inhibition mediated by delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:14439-44. [PMID: 14623958 PMCID: PMC283610 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2435457100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are potent modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), and their behavioral effects are generally viewed in terms of altered inhibitory synaptic transmission. Here we report that, at concentrations known to occur in vivo, neuroactive steroids specifically enhance a tonic inhibitory conductance in central neurons that is mediated by extrasynaptic delta subunit-containing GABAARs. The neurosteroid-induced augmentation of this tonic conductance decreases neuronal excitability. Fluctuations in the circulating concentrations of endogenous neuroactive steroids have been implicated in the genesis of premenstrual syndrome, postpartum depression, and other anxiety disorders. Recognition that delta subunit-containing GABAARs responsible for a tonic conductance are a preferential target for neuroactive steroids may lead to novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of these common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Stell
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/quartz composites were compression molded in the presence of organosiloxane, and then hydrolyzed. The used organosiloxane is vinyl tri-ethyloxyl silane. The gelation, the melting behavior, the crystallinity, the mechanical properties and the wear resistance of UHMWPE/quartz composites were investigated. The results showed that organosiloxane can act as a cross-linking agent for UHMWPE matrix and serve as a coupling agent for improving the bonding between the quartz particles and the UHMWPE matrix. The correlation between the various properties and the morphology of the composites has been discussed. At about 0.5phr organsiloxane while the degree of crystallinity of the composite is at the peak value of 57%, the mechanical properties and the wear resistance of UHMWPE/quartz composites reaches their maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xie
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an important immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of many rheumatic diseases. Urticaria and anaphylaxis to intravenous cyclophosphamide (i.v. CYC) have been reported in patients with haematological and solid organ malignancies. This is the first report in the rheumatology literature of a type I hypersensitivity reaction following monthly i.v. CYC. An 18-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed generalized urticaria (without concomitant angioedema or anaphylaxis) following i.v. CYC. She had previously developed life-threatening angioedema following a respiratory tract infection. She successfully completed regular pulse i.v. CYC with pre-medication with anti-histamine. In the absence of a severe type I hypersensitivity reaction and other suitable immunosuppressive agents, i.v. CYC may be safely continued with pre-medication and careful monitoring during each infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
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Tang CY, Xie XL, Wu XC, Li RKY, Mai YW. Enhanced wear performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene crosslinked by organosilane. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2002; 13:1065-1069. [PMID: 15348177 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020352923972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) crosslinked by organosilane was thermal compression molded. The organosilane used was the tri-ethyloxyl vinyl silane. Its gelation, melting behavior, crystallinity, mechanical and wear-resisting properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that the gel ratio of UHMWPE increases with the incorporation of organosilane. At a low content of organosilane, the melting point and crystallinity of the crosslinked UHMWPE increase, and hence the mechanical and wear-resisting properties are improved. However, at a high content of organosilane, these performances of the crosslinked UHMWPE become worse. At 0.4 phr silane, the wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE reaches its optimum value.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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Abstract
A tendon transfer technique is proposed for the reconstruction of the paralyzed shoulders secondary to brachial plexus injury. This innovative technique does not require bone-to-bone or tendon to-bone fixation, and attempts to overcome other clinical limitations such as those due to insufficient length of donor muscle. The approach is referred to as the reflected long head biceps (RLHB) technique. The long head of biceps tendons is utilized as a bridging tendon graft. Two surgical alternatives, namely the through-deltoid (TD) pathway and the sub-deltoid (SD) pathway, were studied. The moment arms of the transferred tendons were assessed and reported. The TD technique yielded a larger moment than the SD technique. In the plane 30 degrees anterior to the scapular plane, the average moment arms were 3.8cm TD and 3.0cm SD at zero elevation. Such differences tended to further widen with increasing elevation. At 80 degrees elevation, the moment arms became 3.2cm TD and 1.2cm SD. The results supported the clinical feasibility of this RLHB tendon transfer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tang
- Rehabilitation Engineering Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Hollow spheres of MCM-41 mesoporous aluminosilicates, with two small holes on the shell, have been synthesized from a surfactant-aluminosilicate gel composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 106.
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