1
|
Sun X, Belser JA, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Brock N, Pappas C, Zanders N, Jang Y, Jones J, Tumpey TM, Davis CT, Maines TR. Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessment of 3 Swine-Origin Influenza A( H3N2) Viruses With Zoonotic Risk to Humans Isolated in the United States, 2017-2020. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1107-1111. [PMID: 37602528 PMCID: PMC10879443 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sporadic occurrence of human infections with swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) viruses and the continual emergence of novel A(H3N2) viruses in swine herds underscore the necessity for ongoing assessment of the pandemic risk posed by these viruses. Here, we selected 3 recent novel swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses isolated between 2017 to 2020, bearing hemagglutinins from the 1990.1, 2010.1, or 2010.2 clades, and evaluated their ability to cause disease and transmit in a ferret model. We conclude that despite considerable genetic variances, all 3 contemporary swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses displayed a capacity for robust replication in the ferret respiratory tract and were also capable of limited airborne transmission. These findings highlight the continued public health risk of swine-origin A(H3N2) strains, especially in human populations with low cross-reactive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nicole Brock
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claudia Pappas
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natosha Zanders
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murphy C, Kwan MYW, Chan ELY, Wong JSC, Sullivan SG, Peiris M, Cowling BJ, Lee SL. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations associated with influenza A( H3N2) in Hong Kong children aged 9 months to 17 years, June-November 2023. Vaccine 2024; 42:1878-1882. [PMID: 38395722 PMCID: PMC10947845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A test negative study was carried out from 13 June through to 15 November 2023 enrolling 3183 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Influenza A and B viruses were detected in 528 (16.6%) children, among which 419 (79.4%) were influenza A(H3N2). The overall vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization associated with any influenza virus infection was estimated as 22.4% (95% CI: -11.7%, 46.1%), and against influenza A(H3N2) specifically was 14.3% (95% CI: -29.2%, 43.2%). Despite the moderate to low VE estimated here, which could be a result of waning immunity and antigenic drift, influenza vaccination remains an important approach to reduce the impact of influenza in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona Murphy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mike Y W Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eunice L Y Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joshua S C Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - So-Lun Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Allen JD, Ross TM. mRNA vaccines encoding computationally optimized hemagglutinin elicit protective antibodies against future antigenically drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 2018-2020. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334670. [PMID: 38533508 PMCID: PMC10963417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has successfully validated the safety and efficacy of the platform, while at the same time revealing the potential for their applications against other infectious diseases. Traditional seasonal influenza vaccines often induce strain specific antibody responses that offer limited protection against antigenically drifted viruses, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. Modern advances in viral surveillance and sequencing have led to the development of in-silico methodologies for generating computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) to improve seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods In this study, immunologically naïve mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results Mice vaccinated with H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines generated robust neutralizing serum antibody responses against more antigenically distinct contemporary and future drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains than those vaccinated with WT H1 and H3 HA-encoding mRNA vaccines. The H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines also prevented influenza illness, including severe disease in the mouse model against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Conclusions This study highlights the potential benefits of combining universal influenza antigen design technology with modern vaccine delivery platforms and exhibits how these vaccines can be advantageous over traditional WT vaccine antigens at eliciting superior protective antibody responses against a broader number of influenza virus isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams M, Shropshire S, Chornarm N, Brewer M, Hawley J, Khorsand M, Lappin M. Effects of canine influenza infection and DA2PP vaccination on the development of platelet-associated immunoglobulins and platelet counts in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:47-56. [PMID: 38433107 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is commonly associated with platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIg). Demonstration of PAIg can help determine etiologies for thrombocytopenia. In humans, ITP and thrombocytopenia have been associated with various vaccinations and influenza infections, respectively. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate platelet counts and PAIg in research dogs with H3N2 and in research and client-owned dogs routinely vaccinated for distemper, adenovirus-2, parainfluenza, and parvovirus (DA2PP). The hypotheses were that H3N2 infection but not DA2PP vaccination would decrease platelet counts, and neither would result in the detection of PAIg. METHODS Three pilot studies. Platelet counts and PAIg, measured by direct flow cytometry as %IgG, were evaluated in eight research Beagles following experimental infection with H3N2 (experiment 1), nine research Beagles vaccinated for DA2PP (experiment 2), and thirty client-owned dogs vaccinated for DA2PP (experiment 3). All animals were considered healthy at the start of the experiments. RESULTS Transient, self-resolving decreases in platelet counts and increases in %IgG occurred following H3N2 infection, and one dog became thrombocytopenic and positive for PAIg. Following DA2PP vaccination, %IgG increased in research and client-owned dogs, but only one dog was considered positive for PAIg with a concurrent increase in platelet count. Mean PAIg increased from baseline in client-owned dogs following vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Transient PAIg and thrombocytopenia can occur following H3N2 infection, while routine vaccination for DA2PP in this group of dogs was not associated with the development of thrombocytopenia or clinically relevant formation of PAIg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Shropshire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Nida Chornarm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa Brewer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Hawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Khorsand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson AJ, Wu NC, Canales A, Kikuchi C, Zhu X, de Toro BF, Cañada FJ, Worth C, Wang S, McBride R, Peng W, Nycholat CM, Jiménez-Barbero J, Wilson IA, Paulson JC. Evolution of human H3N2 influenza virus receptor specificity has substantially expanded the receptor-binding domain site. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:261-275.e4. [PMID: 38307019 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Hemagglutinins (HAs) from human influenza viruses descend from avian progenitors that bind α2-3-linked sialosides and must adapt to glycans with α2-6-linked sialic acids on human airway cells to transmit within the human population. Since their introduction during the 1968 pandemic, H3N2 viruses have evolved over the past five decades to preferentially recognize human α2-6-sialoside receptors that are elongated through addition of poly-LacNAc. We show that more recent H3N2 viruses now make increasingly complex interactions with elongated receptors while continuously selecting for strains maintaining this phenotype. This change in receptor engagement is accompanied by an extension of the traditional receptor-binding site to include residues in key antigenic sites on the surface of HA trimers. These results help explain the propensity for selection of antigenic variants, leading to vaccine mismatching, when H3N2 viruses are propagated in chicken eggs or cells that do not contain such receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angeles Canales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chika Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cañada
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBERES, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Charli Worth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shengyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenjie Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIBERES, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Kafrawy SA, Alsayed SM, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Uthman NA, Alsaeed MS, Hassan AM, Alquthami KM, Alandijany TA, Zumla A, Azhar EI. Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23027. [PMID: 38163192 PMCID: PMC10755270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of transmission of respiratory tract infections is considerably enhanced at mass gathering (MG) religious events. Hajj is an annual Islamic MG event with approximately 3 million Muslim pilgrims from over 180 countries concentrated in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of influenza viruses circulating among pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage. We performed a cross-sectional analytical study where nasopharyngeal swabs (NPs) from pilgrims with respiratory tract illnesses presenting to healthcare facilities during the 2019 Hajj were screened for influenza viruses. Influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages were determined by multiplex RT-PCR for positive influenza samples. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the hemagglutination (HA) gene. Out of 185 nasopharyngeal samples, 54 were positive for the human influenza virus. Of these, 27 were influenza A H1N1 and 19 H3N2, 4 were untypable influenza A, and 4 were influenza B. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H1N1 and H3N2 strains differentiated into different and independent genetic groups and formed close clusters with selected strains of influenza viruses from various locations. To conclude, this study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of circulating influenza A subtypes among pilgrims during the Hajj Season. There is a need for further larger studies to investigate in-depth the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses during Hajj seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M. Alsayed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Uthman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneerah S. Alsaeed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chua SCJH, Cui J, Sachaphibulkij K, Tan ISL, Tan HQ, Lim HM, Engelberg D, Lim LHK. The ER-Golgi transport of influenza virus through NS1-Sec13 association during virus replication. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0260923. [PMID: 38038453 PMCID: PMC10782970 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02609-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus is a respiratory virus that can cause complications such as acute bronchitis and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Drug therapies and vaccines are available against influenza, albeit limited by drug resistance and the non-universal vaccine administration. Hence there is a need for host-targeted therapies against influenza to provide an effective alternative therapeutic target. Sec13 was identified as a novel host interactor of influenza. Endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport is an important pathway of influenza virus replication and viral export. Specifically, Sec13 has a functional role in influenza replication and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C. J. H. Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karishma Sachaphibulkij
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Siang Ling Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Qing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Meng Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Engelberg
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H. K. Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Z, Yu S, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Li L, Sun J, Wang X, Guo Y, Zhang Y. The Screening and Mechanism of Influenza-Virus Sensitive MDCK Cell Lines for Influenza Vaccine Production. Diseases 2024; 12:20. [PMID: 38248371 PMCID: PMC10814076 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a potentially fatal acute respiratory viral disease caused by the influenza virus. Influenza viruses vary in antigenicity and spread rapidly, resulting in seasonal epidemics. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for lowering the incidence and fatality rates of influenza-related disorders, and it is also an important method for reducing seasonal influenza infections. Mammalian Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines are recommended for influenza virus growth, and such cell lines have been utilized in several commercial influenza vaccine productions. The limit dilution approach was used to screen ATCC-MDCK cell line subcellular strains that are especially sensitive to H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY influenza viruses to increase virus production, and research on influenza virus culture media was performed to support influenza virus vaccine development. We also used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and a GSEA analysis to determine the biological mechanisms underlying the various levels of susceptibility of cells to influenza viruses. MDCK cell subline 2B6 can be cultured to increase titer and the production of the H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY influenza viruses. MDCK-2B6 has a significantly enriched and activated in ECM receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling, and cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways, which may result in increased cellular susceptibility and cell proliferation activity to influenza viruses, promote viral adsorption and replication, and elevate viral production, ultimately. The study revealed that MDCK-2B6 can increase the influenza virus titer and yield in vaccine production by increasing cell sensitivity and enhancing proliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tenforde MW, Weber ZA, Yang DH, DeSilva MB, Dascomb K, Irving SA, Naleway AL, Gaglani M, Fireman B, Lewis N, Zerbo O, Goddard K, Timbol J, Hansen JR, Grisel N, Arndorfer J, McEvoy CE, Essien IJ, Rao S, Grannis SJ, Kharbanda AB, Natarajan K, Ong TC, Embi PJ, Ball SW, Dunne MM, Kirshner L, Wiegand RE, Dickerson M, Patel P, Ray C, Flannery B, Garg S, Adams K, Klein NP. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-A-associated emergency department, urgent care, and hospitalization encounters among U.S. adults, 2022-2023. J Infect Dis 2023:jiad542. [PMID: 38041853 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed. METHODS Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza-A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022-March 2023 among adults (age ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test-positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test-negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights. RESULTS The analysis included 85,389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza-A-positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19,751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza-A-positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza-A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 40-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza-A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95%CI: 27-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Tenforde
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Dascomb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Stephanie A Irving
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health and Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, United States
- Department of Medical Education, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, United States
| | - Bruce Fireman
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Ned Lewis
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Ousseny Zerbo
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Kristin Goddard
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Julius Timbol
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - John R Hansen
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Nancy Grisel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Julie Arndorfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | | | - Inih J Essien
- HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Shaun J Grannis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Karthik Natarajan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toan C Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter J Embi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Wiegand
- Coronavirus and other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Monica Dickerson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Palak Patel
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Caitlin Ray
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Katherine Adams
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fall A, Han L, Yunker M, Gong YN, Li TJ, Norton JM, Abdullah O, Rothman RE, Fenstermacher KZJ, Morris CP, Pekosz A, Klein E, Mostafa HH. Evolution of Influenza A( H3N2) Viruses in 2 Consecutive Seasons of Genomic Surveillance, 2021-2023. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad577. [PMID: 38088981 PMCID: PMC10715682 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circulation and the genomic evolution of influenza A(H3N2) viruses during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons were studied and associated with infection outcomes. Methods Remnant influenza A-positive samples following standard-of-care testing from patients across the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS) were used for the study. Samples were randomly selected for whole viral genome sequencing. The sequence-based pEpitope model was used to estimate the predicted vaccine efficacy (pVE) for circulating H3N2 viruses. Clinical data were collected and associated with viral genomic data. Results A total of 121 683 respiratory specimens were tested for influenza at JHHS between 1 September 2021 and 31 December 2022. Among them, 6071 (4.99%) tested positive for influenza A. Of these, 805 samples were randomly selected for sequencing, with hemagglutinin (HA) segments characterized for 610 samples. Among the characterized samples, 581 were H3N2 (95.2%). Phylogenetic analysis of HA segments revealed the exclusive circulation of H3N2 viruses with HA segments of the 3C.2a1b.2a.2 clade. Analysis of a total of 445 complete H3N2 genomes revealed reassortments; 200 of 227 of the 2022/2023 season genomes (88.1%) were found to have reassorted with clade 3C.2a1b.1a. The pVE was estimated to be -42.53% for the 2021/2022 season and 30.27% for the 2022/2023 season. No differences in clinical presentations or admissions were observed between the 2 seasons. Conclusions The increased numbers of cases and genomic diversity of influenza A(H3N2) during the 2022/2023 season were not associated with a change in disease severity compared to the previous influenza season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amary Fall
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lijie Han
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeline Yunker
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jung Li
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Julie M Norton
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Abdullah
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard E Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - C Paul Morris
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- W.Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eili Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Heba H Mostafa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aikawa NE, Borba EF, Balbi VA, Sallum AME, Buscatti IM, Campos LMA, Kozu KT, Garcia CC, Capão ASV, de Proença ACT, Leon EP, da Silva Duarte AJ, Lopes MH, Silva CA, Bonfá E. Safety and immunogenicity of influenza A( H3N2) component vaccine in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:55. [PMID: 38017564 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the last 50 years in population that is greater than the impact of H1N1. Data assessing immunogenicity and safety of this virus component in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is lacking in the literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate short-term immunogenicity and safety of influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) vaccine in JSLE. METHODS 24 consecutive JSLE patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) were vaccinated with influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016(H3N2)-like virus. Influenza A (H3N2) seroprotection (SP), seroconversion (SC), geometric mean titers (GMT), factor increase in GMT (FI-GMT) titers were assessed before and 4 weeks post-vaccination. Disease activity, therapies and adverse events (AE) were also evaluated. RESULTS JSLE patients and controls were comparable in current age [14.5 (10.1-18.3) vs. 14 (9-18.4) years, p = 0.448] and female sex [21 (87.5%) vs. 19 (65.5%), p = 0.108]. Before vaccination, JSLE and HC had comparable SP rates [22 (91.7%) vs. 25 (86.2%), p = 0.678] and GMT titers [102.3 (95% CI 75.0-139.4) vs. 109.6 (95% CI 68.2-176.2), p = 0.231]. At D30, JSLE and HC had similar immune response, since no differences were observed in SP [24 (100%) vs. 28 (96.6%), p = 1.000)], SC [4 (16.7%) vs. 9 (31.0%), p = 0.338), GMT [162.3 (132.9-198.3) vs. 208.1 (150.5-287.8), p = 0.143] and factor increase in GMT [1.6 (1.2-2.1) vs. 1.9 (1.4-2.5), p = 0.574]. SLEDAI-2K scores [2 (0-17) vs. 2 (0-17), p = 0.765] and therapies remained stable throughout the study. Further analysis of possible factors influencing vaccine immune response among JSLE patients demonstrated similar GMT between patients with SLEDAI < 4 compared to SLEDAI ≥ 4 (p = 0.713), as well as between patients with and without current use of prednisone (p = 0.420), azathioprine (p = 1.0), mycophenolate mofetil (p = 0.185), and methotrexate (p = 0.095). No serious AE were reported in both groups and most of them were asymptomatic (58.3% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.958). Local and systemic AE were alike in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study that identified adequate immune protection against H3N2-influenza strain with additional vaccine-induced increment of immune response and an adequate safety profile in JSLE. ( www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , NCT03540823).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil.
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Verena Andrade Balbi
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias Sallum
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Izabel Mantovani Buscatti
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria Arruda Campos
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Kátia Tomie Kozu
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic Viruses, Enterovirus and Viral Emergencies, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Integrated Research Group On Biomarkers. René Rachou Institute, FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva Vidal Capão
- Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic Viruses, Enterovirus and Viral Emergencies, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Coracini Tonacio de Proença
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Pires Leon
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Clinical Laboratory Division - Department of Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Heloisa Lopes
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3Rd Floor, room 3190 - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfá
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spruit CM, Sweet IR, Maliepaard JCL, Bestebroer T, Lexmond P, Qiu B, Damen MJA, Fouchier RAM, Reiding KR, Snijder J, Herfst S, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection. Glycobiology 2023; 33:784-800. [PMID: 37471650 PMCID: PMC10629718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved to employ elongated glycans terminating in α2,6-linked sialic acid as their receptors. These glycans are displayed in low abundancies by (humanized) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, which are commonly employed to propagate influenza A virus, resulting in low or no viral propagation. Here, we examined whether the overexpression of the glycosyltransferases β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, which are responsible for the elongation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines (LacNAcs), would result in improved A/H3N2 propagation. Stable overexpression of β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was achieved by lentiviral integration and subsequent antibiotic selection and confirmed by qPCR and protein mass spectrometry experiments. Flow cytometry and glycan mass spectrometry experiments using the β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and/or β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 knock-in cells demonstrated increased binding of viral hemagglutinins and the presence of a larger number of LacNAc repeating units, especially on "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase cells. An increase in the number of glycan receptors did, however, not result in a greater infection efficiency of recent human H3N2 viruses. Based on these results, we propose that H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low number of suitable glycan receptors to infect cells and that an increase in the glycan receptor display above this threshold does not result in improved infection efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C L Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi T, Xu L, Li X, Huang L. The CD19 + B cell as a marker for the febrile children infected with influenza A and Omicron variant. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29097. [PMID: 37828727 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
H3N2 and Omicron are common pathogens of respiratory infections in children. This study aimed to explore dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and the diagnostic value of CD19+ B cell in children infected with influenza A and Omicron. One hundred and sixty-five in-patients with H3N2, 175 in-patients with Omicron variant, and 50 age-matched healthy children from Children's Hospital of Soochow University were included in this study. The participants underwent 13 respiratory pathogens by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sputum culture, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) DNA PCR, routine blood, and lymphocyte subset assays within 24 h of admission. The neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in the H3N2 and Omicron groups were significantly higher than in the control groups (p < 0.05). However, the lymphocytes and eosinophils in the H3N2 and Omicron groups were lower than the control groups (p < 0.05). The CD3+ T cell, CD3+ CD4+ T cell, CD3+ CD8+ T cell, CD3- CD19+ B cell, and natural killer cell were lower in the H3N2 and Omicron groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The CD3- CD19+ cell in the Omicron group was higher than that in the H3N2 group but lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, CD3- CD19+ cell had good diagnostic value for H3N2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.902, p < 0.05). The children with H3N2 were more likely to have lower lymphocytes than children with Omicron. Additionally, B-cell count had good diagnostic value for H3N2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pediatric, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang X, Wang Q, Liu J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Wang L. Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A ( H3N2) detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with long COVID using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1224794. [PMID: 37724290 PMCID: PMC10505437 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1224794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of long COVID cases has drawn clinical attention to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has been spreading worldwide since winter 2019. Its symptoms are not limited to fatigue and shortness of breath but also affect daily life. We report the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in a patient with long COVID. The patient was admitted with fever, expectoration, fatigue, and shortness of breath. The PCR test was negative due to possible clearance of SARS-Cov-2 in the upper respiratory tract of patients with long COVID. Other routine microbiological tests were also negative, making the clinical diagnosis difficult. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were tested using mNGS. The patient was diagnosed and treated promptly, recovered quickly, and continued taking azvudine after discharge; his condition was stable. This study illustrates that mNGS may be valuable for the timely diagnosis of patients with long COVID and their mixed infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sinopharm North Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Infection Business Unit, Tianjin Novogene Med LAB Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Infection Business Unit, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Infection Business Unit, Tianjin Novogene Med LAB Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Infection Business Unit, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sinopharm North Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sinopharm North Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Infection Business Unit, Tianjin Novogene Med LAB Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Infection Business Unit, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Infection Business Unit, Tianjin Novogene Med LAB Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Infection Business Unit, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sinopharm North Hospital, Baotou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu W, Gu L. Clinical, epidemiological, and genomic characteristics of a seasonal influenza A virus outbreak in Beijing: A descriptive study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29106. [PMID: 37712255 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
China experienced a severe influenza season that began at the end of February 2023. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and genomic features of this outbreak in Beijing. The number of cases increased rapidly from the end of February and reached its peak in March, with 7262 confirmed cases included in this study. The median age was 33 years, and 50.3% of them were male. The average daily positive rate reached 69% during the peak period. The instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) showed a median of 2.1, exceeded 2.5 initially, and remaining above 1 for the following month. The most common symptoms were fever (75.0%), cough (51.0%), and expectoration (42.9%), with a median body temperature of 38.5°C (interquartile range 38-39). Eight clinical symptoms were more likely to be observed in cases with fever, with odds ratio greater than 1. Viral shedding time ranged from 3 to 25 days, with median of 7.5 days. The circulating viruses in Beijing mainly included H1N1pdm09 (clades 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1), following with H3N2 (clade 2a.2a.3a.1). The descriptive study suggests that influenza viruses in this influenza season had a higher transmissibility and longer shedding duration, with fever being the most common symptom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, Wen J, Wu K, Lin S, Tan K, Bi J, Deng J. Influenza-associated neurologic complications in children from an H3N2 outbreak in Shenzhen, China during COVID-19 lockdown. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:91-94. [PMID: 37263378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the characteristics of influenza-associated neurologic complications (INCs) in children from a recent H3N2 outbreak in Shenzhen, China during COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of INCs in children hospitalized with H3N2 infection was conducted. RESULTS From June 01, 2022 to July 01, 2022, 513 children with H3N2 infection were hospitalized and 97 developed INCs. Of the 18 patients with encephalopathy/encephalitis, 13 were previously healthy. Three developed acute necrotizing encephalopathy and two died. Of the 63 patients with febrile seizures, 55 (87%) had simple febrile seizures. Of the 14 patients with an exacerbation of seizure with underlying epilepsy, the seizure symptoms occurred mostly within 24 hours of disease onset (13/14). The comparison of the three groups (encephalopathy/encephalitis, febrile seizure and exacerbation of seizure with underlying epilepsy) reported no significant differences in sex, pre-existing neurologic diseases, vaccination rate, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood glucose, lactic acid, or duration of fever. The influenza vaccination rates were generally low (22% vs 32% vs 21%). Patients with encephalopathy/encephalitis had a higher rate of elevated alanine aminotransferase (28% vs 3% vs 0, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION H3N2-related neurologic complications in children mainly occur early in the disease course. Most patients were previously healthy and unvaccinated against influenza. Elevated alanine aminotransferase is more common in encephalopathy/encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimu Zhang
- Infectious Diseases department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jialun Wen
- Neurology department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Infectious Diseases department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sufang Lin
- Neurology department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Infectious Diseases department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiajia Bi
- Infectious Diseases department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jikui Deng
- Infectious Diseases department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pasoto SG, Borba EF, Formiga FFC, do Nascimento Pedrosa T, Aikawa NE, de Siqueira MAMT, Capão ASV, de Proença ACT, Fuller R, Yuki EFN, Leon EP, de Oliveira Martins VA, Lopes MH, da Silva Duarte AJ, da Silva CAA, Bonfa E. Robust immunogenicity to the H3N2 component of influenza A vaccine in primary Sjögren syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2419-2425. [PMID: 37306813 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza A (H3N2) virus is the major cause of morbidity/mortality due to seasonal influenza over 50 years. Data about the safety/immunogenicity of influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) vaccine are scarce in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). METHODS Twenty-one consecutive pSS patients and 42 HC (healthy control individuals) were immunized with influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus. Rates of SP (seroprotection) and SC (seroconversion), GMT (geometric mean titers), FI-GMT (factor increase in GMT), ESSDAI (EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index), and adverse events were appraised before and 4 weeks post-vaccination. RESULTS pSS and HC had similar mean age (51.2 ± 14.2 vs. 50.6 ± 12.1 years, p = 0.886). Pre-vaccination SP rates were high in pSS and HC (90.5% vs. 71.4%, p = 0.114), and GMT were higher in pSS [80.0 (52.4-160.0) vs. 40.0 (20.0-80.0), p = 0.001]. The percentage of influenza vaccination in the preceding two years was elevated and similar in pSS and HC (94.1% vs. 94.6%, p = 1.000). GMT values augmented in both groups four weeks after vaccination and persisted higher in the first group [160.0 (80.0-320.0) vs. 80.0 (40.0-80.0), p < 0.001] with equivalent FI-GMT [1.4 (1.0-2.8) vs. 1.4 (1.0-2.0), p = 0.410]. Both groups had low and similar SC rates (19.0% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.423). ESSDAI values persisted steadily during the study (p = 0.313). No serious adverse events have occurred. CONCLUSION The novel demonstration that the influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) vaccine induces a different pattern of immunogenicity from other influenza A constituents in pSS, featured by a desirable high pre- and post-vaccination immunogenicity, is in line with reported differences in immune responses between strains in trivalent vaccines and may be related to pre-existing immunity. CLINICALTRIALS gov: #NCT03540823. Key Points • This prospective study demonstrated a robust pre- and post-vaccination immunogenicity to influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). • This high immunogenicity pattern may be related to pre-existing immunization, or else it is related to immunogenicity differences of each strain. • This vaccine had an adequate safety profile in pSS, with no impact on disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gofinet Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco Fellipe Claudino Formiga
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Tatiana do Nascimento Pedrosa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Silva Vidal Capão
- Laboratory of Respiratory Virus and Measles, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Coracini Tonacio de Proença
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fuller
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Emily Figueiredo Neves Yuki
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Elaine Pires Leon
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Victor Adriano de Oliveira Martins
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Marta Heloisa Lopes
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Almeida da Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng F, Xia Y, Li W. Prediction of Antigenic Distance in Influenza A Using Attribute Network Embedding. Viruses 2023; 15:1478. [PMID: 37515165 PMCID: PMC10385503 DOI: 10.3390/v15071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid changes in the antigenicity of influenza viruses, it is difficult for humans to obtain lasting immunity through antiviral therapy. Hence, tracking the dynamic changes in the antigenicity of influenza viruses can provide a basis for vaccines and drug treatments to cope with the spread of influenza viruses. In this paper, we developed a novel quantitative prediction method to predict the antigenic distance between virus strains using attribute network embedding techniques. An antigenic network is built to model and combine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the influenza A virus H3N2, using the continuous distributed representation of the virus strain protein sequence (ProtVec) as a node attribute and the antigenic distance between virus strains as an edge weight. The results show a strong positive correlation between supplementing genetic features and antigenic distance prediction accuracy. Further analysis indicates that our prediction model can comprehensively and accurately track the differences in antigenic distances between vaccines and influenza virus strains, and it outperforms existing methods in predicting antigenic distances between strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Peng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanling Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martinez MR, Gao J, Wan H, Kang H, Klenow L, Daniels R. Inactivated influenza virions are a flexible vaccine platform for eliciting protective antibody responses against neuraminidase. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00629-1. [PMID: 37301705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most seasonal influenza vaccines are produced using hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigens from inactivated virions. However, virions are thought to be a suboptimal source for the less abundant neuraminidase (NA) surface antigen, which is also protective against severe disease. Here, we demonstrate that inactivated influenza virions are compatible with two modern approaches for improving protective antibody responses against NA. Using a DBA/2J mouse model, we show that the strong infection-induced NA inhibitory (NAI) antibody responses are only achieved by high dose immunizations of inactivated virions, likely due to the low viral NA content. Based on this observation, we first produced virions with higher NA content by using reverse genetics to exchange the viral internal gene segments. Single immunizations with these inactivated virions showed enhanced NAI antibody responses and improved NA-based protection from a lethal viral challenge while also allowing for the development of natural immunity to the heterotypic challenge virus HA. Second, we combined inactivated virions with recombinant NA protein antigens. These combination vaccines increased NA-based protection following viral challenge and elicited stronger antibody responses against NA than either component alone, especially when the NAs possessed similar antigenicity. Together, these results indicate that inactivated virions are a flexible platform that can be easily combined with protein-based vaccines to improve protective antibody responses against influenza antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rakic Martinez
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jin Gao
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hongquan Wan
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hyeog Kang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Laura Klenow
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Robert Daniels
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meng B, Li H, Feng C, Guo W, Feng Y, Zhu D, Chen H, Zhang Y. Emergence of a novel reassortant H3N6 canine influenza virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1186869. [PMID: 37250039 PMCID: PMC10210149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are wild birds, multiple subtypes of AIVs have established epidemics in numerous mammals due to their cross-species spillover. Replication and evolution in intermedia mammalian hosts may facilitate AIV adaptation in humans. Because of their large population and intimacy with humans, dogs could act as such an intermedia host. To monitor the epidemiology of canine influenza viruses (CIVs) in Liaoning, China, we performed three surveillances in November 2018, March 2019, and April 2019. Five H3N2 and seven novel H3N6 CIVs had been isolated. Since the N6 neuraminidase (NA) genes were clustered with the H5N6 AIV, there is a high possibility that these H3N6 CIVs were generated from a H3N2 CIVs and H5N6 AIVs reassortment case. In addition, the H3N6 CIV showed increased mammalian adaptation ability compared to all the H3N2 strains in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Even though isolated 3 months later, the March 2019 isolated H3N2 viruses replicated more efficiently than the November 2018 isolated viruses. Our study indicated that H3 CIVs were undergoing an evolution process, through both genetic mutations and gene reassortment, at an incredible speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yali Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Agricultural Development Service Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vo V, Harrington A, Chang CL, Baker H, Moshi MA, Ghani N, Itorralba JY, Tillett RL, Dahlmann E, Basazinew N, Gu R, Familara TD, Boss S, Vanderford F, Ghani M, Tang AJ, Matthews A, Papp K, Khan E, Koutras C, Kan HY, Lockett C, Gerrity D, Oh EC. Identification and genome sequencing of an influenza H3N2 variant in wastewater from elementary schools during a surge of influenza A cases in Las Vegas, Nevada. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162058. [PMID: 36758698 PMCID: PMC9909754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Real-time surveillance of infectious diseases at schools or in communities is often hampered by delays in reporting due to resource limitations and infrastructure issues. By incorporating quantitative PCR and genome sequencing, wastewater surveillance has been an effective complement to public health surveillance at the community and building-scale for pathogens such as poliovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and even the monkeypox virus. In this study, we asked whether wastewater surveillance programs at elementary schools could be leveraged to detect RNA from influenza viruses shed in wastewater. We monitored for influenza A and B viral RNA in wastewater from six elementary schools from January to May 2022. Quantitative PCR led to the identification of influenza A viral RNA at three schools, which coincided with the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions and a surge in influenza A infections in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. We performed genome sequencing of wastewater RNA, leading to the identification of a 2021-2022 vaccine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) 3C.2a1b.2a.2 subclade. We next tested wastewater samples from a treatment plant that serviced the elementary schools, but we were unable to detect the presence of influenza A/B RNA. Together, our results demonstrate the utility of near-source wastewater surveillance for the detection of local influenza transmission in schools, which has the potential to be investigated further with paired school-level influenza incidence data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Vo
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Anthony Harrington
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ching-Lan Chang
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Hayley Baker
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Michael A Moshi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nabih Ghani
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jose Yani Itorralba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Richard L Tillett
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dahlmann
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Natnael Basazinew
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Richard Gu
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Tiffany D Familara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Sage Boss
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Fritz Vanderford
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Moonis Ghani
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Austin J Tang
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Alice Matthews
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Katerina Papp
- Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Carolina Koutras
- R-Zero Systems, Inc., 345 W Bearcat Dr Suite #100, South Salt Lake, UT 84115, USA
| | - Horng-Yuan Kan
- Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | | | - Daniel Gerrity
- Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA
| | - Edwin C Oh
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dudin GA, Aziz IM, Alzayed RM, Ahmed A, Hussain T, Somily AM, Alsaadi MM, Almajhdi FN. Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Kinetics of Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtypes Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030702. [PMID: 36992286 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of a large foreign workforce and the annual gathering of people for pilgrimage from around the globe have significantly contributed to the emergence and diversity of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the H3N2 subtype of influenza A virus (IAV) in clinical samples collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Based on RT-PCR, IAV was found in 88 (28.3%) of the 311 samples screened. Of the 88-IAV positive samples, 43 (48.8%) were H1N1 subtype while the remaining 45 (51.2%) were found to be of the H3N2 subtype. Complete sequencing of HA and NA genes of H3N2 revealed, twelve and nine amino acid (AA) substitutions respectively, and importantly, these variations are absent in the current vaccine strains. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the majority of H3N2 strains were grouped in the same clades as the vaccine strains. Importantly, the N-glycosylation sites at AA 135(NSS) were found to be unique to 6 strains in the investigated HA1 protein and were absent in the current vaccine strains. These data may have significant clinical implications in designing novel and population-based vaccines for IAV and underscore the need for regular monitoring of efficacy of vaccines due to emerging variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gani Asa Dudin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M Alzayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim M Alsaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mai Z, Cai M, Hu X, Li M, Ji Y, Li S, Huang J, Liang Q, Ji C, Yi H, Zhang G, Gong L. Protection efficacy of the H1 and H3 bivalent virus-like particle vaccine against swine influenza virus infection. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109719. [PMID: 36940524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Swine influenza (SI) is widely prevalent in pig herds worldwide, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry and public health risks. The traditional inactivated swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines are produced in chicken embryos, and egg-adaptive substitutions that occur during production process can impact vaccine effectiveness. Thus, developing an SI vaccine that can decrease the dependence on chicken embryos with a high immunogenicity is urgently needed. In this study, the utility of insect cell-derived SIV H1 and H3 bivalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines containing HA and M1 proteins of Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 SIV and recent human-like H3N2 SIV were assessed in piglets. Antibody levels were monitored, and the protection efficacy of the vaccine after viral challenge was evaluated and compared with the inactivated vaccine. Results show that piglets produced high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of antibodies against H1 and H3 SIV after immunization with SIV VLP vaccine. The neutralizing antibody level was significantly higher in SIV VLP vaccine than in the inactivated vaccine at 6 weeks post vaccination (p < 0.05). Furthermore, piglets immunized with the SIV VLP vaccine were protected against the challenge of H1 and H3 SIV, displaying inhibition of viral replication in piglets, and reduced lung damage. These results show that SIV VLP vaccine has good application prospects, thus laying the foundation for further research and commercialization of SIV VLP vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhuo Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Mengkai Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Meidi Li
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Yikuan Ji
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Junmei Huang
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Quanming Liang
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Heyou Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China.
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Souza CK, Kimble JB, Anderson TK, Arendsee ZW, Hufnagel DE, Young KM, Gauger PC, Lewis NS, Davis CT, Thor S, Vincent Baker AL. Swine-to-Ferret Transmission of Antigenically Drifted Contemporary Swine H3N2 Influenza A Virus Is an Indicator of Zoonotic Risk to Humans. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020331. [PMID: 36851547 PMCID: PMC9962742 DOI: 10.3390/v15020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-to-swine transmission of influenza A (H3N2) virus occurs repeatedly and plays a critical role in swine influenza A virus (IAV) evolution and diversity. Human seasonal H3 IAVs were introduced from human-to-swine in the 1990s in the United States and classified as 1990.1 and 1990.4 lineages; the 1990.4 lineage diversified into 1990.4.A-F clades. Additional introductions occurred in the 2010s, establishing the 2010.1 and 2010.2 lineages. Human zoonotic cases with swine IAV, known as variant viruses, have occurred from the 1990.4 and 2010.1 lineages, highlighting a public health concern. If a variant virus is antigenically drifted from current human seasonal vaccine (HuVac) strains, it may be chosen as a candidate virus vaccine (CVV) for pandemic preparedness purposes. We assessed the zoonotic risk of US swine H3N2 strains by performing phylogenetic analyses of recent swine H3 strains to identify the major contemporary circulating genetic clades. Representatives were tested in hemagglutination inhibition assays with ferret post-infection antisera raised against existing CVVs or HuVac viruses. The 1990.1, 1990.4.A, and 1990.4.B.2 clade viruses displayed significant loss in cross-reactivity to CVV and HuVac antisera, and interspecies transmission potential was subsequently investigated in a pig-to-ferret transmission study. Strains from the three lineages were transmitted from pigs to ferrets via respiratory droplets, but there were differential shedding profiles. These data suggest that existing CVVs may offer limited protection against swine H3N2 infection, and that contemporary 1990.4.A viruses represent a specific concern given their widespread circulation among swine in the United States and association with multiple zoonotic cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine K. Souza
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - J. Brian Kimble
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Tavis K. Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Zebulun W. Arendsee
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - David E. Hufnagel
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Katharine M. Young
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nicola S. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - C. Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Sharmi Thor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ye Q, Liu H, Mao J, Shu Q. Nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 disrupt the dynamic balance between influenza A virus and human immunity. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28292. [PMID: 36367115 PMCID: PMC9877879 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) blocked the transmission route of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NPIs on the influenza A virus (IAV) outbreak. The present study enrolled all children with respiratory tract infections who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2019 and July 2022. A direct immunofluorescence assay kit detected IAV. Virus isolation and Sanger sequencing were performed. From June to July 2022, in Hangzhou, China, the positive rate of IAV infection in children has increased rapidly, reaching 30.41%, and children over 3 years old are the main infected population, accounting for 75% of the total number of infected children. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses are representative strains during this period. In this outbreak, H3N2 was isolated from a cluster of its own and is highly homologous with A/South_Dakota/22/2022 (2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere). Between isolated influenza A (H3N2) viruses and A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the nucleotide homology of the HA gene ranged from 97.3% to 97.5%; the amino acid homology was 97%-97.2%, and the genetic distance of nucleotides ranged from 0.05 to 0.052. Compared with A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the isolated H3N2 showed S156H, N159Y, I160T, D186S, S198P, I48T, S53D, and K171N mutations. There was no variation in 13 key amino acid sites associated with neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in NA protein. Long-term NPIs have significantly affected the evolution and transmission of the influenza virus and human immunity, breaking the dynamic balance between the IAV and human immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng H, Fu L, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Tao Y, Wan J, Tu Z, Chen J, Li Y. Screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28327. [PMID: 36415105 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinolin-2-one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti-influenza activities of quinolin-2-one-containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3-aryl-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper-catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure-activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC50 values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti-influenza agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cheng
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd), Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangbing Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Yang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Wan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harvey AG, Graves AM, Uppalapati CK, Matthews SM, Rosenberg S, Parent EG, Fagerlie MH, Guinan J, Lopez BS, Kronstad LM. Dendritic cell-natural killer cell cross-talk modulates T cell activation in response to influenza A viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006998. [PMID: 36618376 PMCID: PMC9815106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses lead to substantial morbidity and mortality including ~3-5 million cases of severe illness and ~290,000-650,000 deaths annually. One of the major hurdles regarding influenza vaccine efficacy is generating a durable, robust cellular immune response. Appropriate stimulation of the innate immune system is key to generating cellular immunity. Cross-talk between innate dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a key role in activating virus-specific T cells, yet the mechanisms used by influenza A viruses (IAV) to govern this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we used an ex vivo autologous human primary immune cell culture system to evaluate the impact of DC-NK cell cross-talk and subsequent naïve T cell activation at steady-state and after exposure to genetically distinct IAV strains-A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) and A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2). Using flow cytometry, we found that exposure of DCs to IAV in co-culture with NK cells led to a decreased frequency of CD83+ and CD86+ cells on DCs and an increased frequency of HLA-DR+ on both DCs and NK cells. We then assessed the outcome of DC-NK cell cross-talk on T cell activation. At steady-state, DC-NK cell cross-talk increased pan T cell CD69 and CD25 expression while exposure to either IAV strain reduced pan T cell CD25 expression and suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ and TNF production, following chemical stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin. Moreover, exposure to A/Victoria/361/2011 elicited lower IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with A/California/07/2009. Overall, our results indicate a role for DC-NK cell cross-talk in T cell priming in the context of influenza infection, informing the immunological mechanisms that could be manipulated for the next generation of influenza vaccines or immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Harvey
- Master of Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Athens M. Graves
- Master of Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Chandana K. Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Saoirse M. Matthews
- Master of Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Stephanie Rosenberg
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Emma G. Parent
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Madison H. Fagerlie
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jack Guinan
- Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Brina S. Lopez
- Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa M. Kronstad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States,*Correspondence: Lisa M. Kronstad,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wilasang C, Suttirat P, Chadsuthi S, Wiratsudakul A, Modchang C. Competitive evolution of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States: A mathematical modeling study. J Theor Biol 2022; 555:111292. [PMID: 36179800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza causes vast public health and economic impact globally. The prevention and control of the annual epidemics remain a challenge due to the antigenic evolution of the viruses. Here, we presented a novel modeling framework based on changes in amino acid sequences and relevant epidemiological data to retrospectively investigate the competitive evolution and transmission of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States during October 2002 and April 2019. To do so, we estimated the time-varying disease transmission rate from the reported influenza cases and the time-varying antigenic change rate of the viruses from the changes in amino acid sequences. By incorporating the time-varying antigenic change rate into the transmission models, we found that the models could capture the evolutionary transmission dynamics of influenza viruses in the United States. Our modeling results also showed that the antigenic change of the virus plays an essential role in seasonal influenza dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Wilasang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pikkanet Suttirat
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Wiratsudakul
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, and the Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu T, Huang Y, Xie S, Xu L, Chen J, Qi W, Liao M, Jia W. A Characterization and an Evolutionary and a Pathogenicity Analysis of Reassortment H3N2 Avian Influenza Virus in South China in 2019-2020. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112574. [PMID: 36423183 PMCID: PMC9692712 DOI: 10.3390/v14112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal H3N2 influenza virus has always been a potential threat to public health. The reassortment of the human and avian H3N2 influenza viruses has resulted in major influenza outbreaks, which have seriously damaged human life and health. To assess the possible threat of the H3N2 avian influenza virus to human health, we performed whole-genome sequencing and genetic evolution analyses on 10 H3N2 field strains isolated from different hosts and regions in 2019-2020 and selected representative strains for pathogenicity tests on mice. According to the results, the internal gene cassettes of nine strains had not only undergone reassortment with the H1, H2, H4, H6, and H7 subtypes, which circulate in poultry and mammals, but also with H10N8, which circulates in wild birds in the natural environment. Three reassorted strains were found to be pathogenic to mice, of these one strain harboring MP from H10N8 showed a stronger virulence in mice. This study indicates that reassorted H3N2 AIVs may cross the host barrier to infect mammals and humans, thereby, necessitating persistent surveillance of H3N2 AIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuhao Huang
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan 523128, China
| | - Shumin Xie
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13826409229
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Okuda M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Koga M, Koibuchi T, Kikuchi T, Adachi E, Ahyoung Lim L, Yamamoto S, Yotsuyanagi H, Negishi K, Jubishi D, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Immunological Correlates of Prevention of the Onset of Seasonal H3N2 Influenza. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1800-1808. [PMID: 35478039 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On influenza virus infection or vaccination, immune responses occur, including the production of antibodies with various functions that contribute to protection from seasonal influenza virus infection. In the current study, we attempted to identify the antibody functions that play a central role in preventing the onset of seasonal influenza by comparing the levels of several antibody titers for different antibody functions between 5 subclinically infected individuals and 16 patients infected with seasonal H3N2 virus. For antibody titers before influenza virus exposure, we found that the nAb titers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA) proteins in the subclinically infected individuals were significantly higher than those in the patients, whereas the NA inhibition titers and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities did not significantly differ between subclinically infected individuals and infected patients. These results suggest that nAb and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against hemagglutinin and NA serve as correlates of symptomatic influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Okuda
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Koibuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kikuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lay Ahyoung Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyota Negishi
- Tokyo Health Cooperative Association, Nezu Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Tokyo Health Cooperative Association, Nezu Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Eiden J, Fierro C, Schwartz H, Adams M, Ellis KJ, Aitchison R, Herber R, Hatta Y, Marshall D, Moser MJ, Belshe R, Greenberg H, Coelingh K, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Bilsel P. Intranasal M2SR (M2-Deficient Single Replication) H3N2 Influenza Vaccine Provides Enhanced Mucosal and Serum Antibodies in Adults. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:103-112. [PMID: 36350017 PMCID: PMC9796169 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that an intranasal dose of 108 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) M2-deficient single replication (M2SR) influenza vaccine protected against highly drifted H3N2 influenza challenge in a subset of subjects who demonstrated ≥2-fold increase in microneutralization (MN) antibodies to Belgium2015 (the challenge strain) after vaccination. Here, we describe a phase 1b, observer-blinded, dose-escalation study demonstrating an increased proportion of responders with this signal of immune protection. METHODS Serosusceptible subjects aged 18-49 years were randomized to receive 2 doses (108-109 TCID50) of M2SR or placebo administered 28 days apart. Clinical specimens were collected before and after each dose. The primary objective was to demonstrate safety of M2SR vaccines. RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated at all dose levels. Against Belgium2015, ≥ 2-fold increases in MN antibodies were noted among 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.9%-56.7%) of subjects following a single 108 TCID50 M2SR dose and among 80.6% (95% CI, 61.4%-92.3%) after 109 dose (P < .001). A single 109 TCID50 dose of M2SR generated ≥4-fold hemagglutination inhibition antibody seroconversion against the vaccine strain in 71% (95% CI, 52.0%-85.8%) of recipients. Mucosal and cellular immune responses were also induced. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that M2SR may provide substantial protection against infection with highly drifted strains of H3N2 influenza. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03999554.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Adams
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pamuk Bilsel
- Correspondence: Pamuk Bilsel, PhD, FluGen, Inc, 597 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711 ()
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang CY, Boftsi M, Staudt L, McElroy JA, Li T, Duong S, Ohler A, Ritter D, Hammer R, Hang J, Wan XF. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection: A cross-sectional study in central Missouri during the 2021-2022 influenza season. Virology 2022; 576:105-110. [PMID: 36206606 PMCID: PMC9523501 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses co-circulate, co-infections with these viruses generate an increasing concern to public health. To evaluate the prevalence and clinical impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus co-infections during the 2021-2022 influenza season, SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from 462 individuals were collected from October 2021 to January 2022. Of these individuals, 152 tested positive for influenza, and the monthly co-infection rate ranged from 7.1% to 48%. Compared to the Delta variant, individuals infected with Omicron were less likely to be co-infected and hospitalized, and individuals who received influenza vaccines were less likely to become co-infected. Three individuals had two samples collected on different dates, and all three developed a co-infection after their initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates high prevalence of co-infections in central Missouri during the 2021-2022 influenza season, differences in co-infection prevalence between the Delta and the Omicron waves, and the importance of influenza vaccinations against co-infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y. Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maria Boftsi
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay Staudt
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A. McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Duong
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adrienne Ohler
- Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Richard Hammer
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Corresponding author. Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tangwangvivat R, Chaiyawong S, Nonthabenjawan N, Charoenkul K, Janethanakit T, Udom K, Kesdangsakonwut S, Tantilertcharoen R, Thontiravong A, Amonsin A. Transmission and pathogenicity of canine H3N2 influenza virus in dog and guinea pig models. Virol J 2022; 19:162. [PMID: 36224594 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus causes respiratory disease in many animal species as well as in humans. Due to the high human-animal interface, the monitoring of canine influenza in dogs and the study of the transmission and pathogenicity of canine influenza in animals are important. Methods Eight-week-old beagle dogs (Canis lupus familaris) (n = 13) were used for the intraspecies transmission model. The dogs were inoculated intranasally with 1 ml of 106 EID50 per ml of canine H3N2 influenza virus (A/canine/Thailand/CU-DC5299/2012) (CIV-H3N2). In addition, 4-week-old guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (n = 20) were used for the interspecies transmission model. The guinea pigs were inoculated intranasally with 300 µl of 106 EID50 per ml of CIV-H3N2. Results For the Thai CIV-H3N2 challenged in the dog model, the incoculated and direct contact dogs developed respiratory signs at 2 dpi. The dogs shed the virus in the respiratory tract at 1 dpi and developed an H3-specific antibody against the virus at 10 dpi. Lung congestion and histopathological changes in the lung were observed. For the Thai CIV-H3N2 challenge in the guinea pig model, the incoculated, direct contact and aerosol-exposed guinea pigs developed fever at 1–2 dpi. The guinea pigs shed virus in the respiratory tract at 2 dpi and developed an H3-specific antibody against the virus at 7 dpi. Mild histopathological changes in the lung were observed. Conclusion The result of this study demonstrated evidence of intraspecies and interspecies transmission of CIV-H3N2 in a mammalian model.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tao P, Ning Z, Zhou P, Xiao W, Wang G, Li S, Zhang G. H3N2 canine influenza virus NS1 protein inhibits canine NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 252:110483. [PMID: 36088788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an innate immune response of the body against pathogens and other irritants. The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome is a major player in the inflammatory response against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the influenza virus NS1 protein, which is involved in host immune escape. The canine influenza virus NS1 protein transcriptionally attenuated proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activator. NS1 also directly interacted with NLRP3 and blocked ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD) oligomerization, which deactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NS1 inhibited pro-caspase 1 cleavage into caspase-1, which prevents maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 from their respective precursors, eventually reducing the inflammatory response. Taken together, the influenza NS1 protein evades host immunity, and our findings provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of canine influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Haida Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute Co., LTD., Guangzhou 511400, China; Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center, Guangdong Haida Group Co., LTD., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haida Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute Co., LTD., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cheung JTL, Lau EHY, Jin Z, Zhu H, Guan Y, Peiris M. Influenza A virus transmission in swine farms and during transport in the swine supply chain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3101-e3110. [PMID: 35881331 PMCID: PMC9529857 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last influenza pandemic in 2009 emerged from swine and surveillance of swine influenza is important for pandemic preparedness. Movement of swine during husbandry, trade or marketing for slaughter provide opportunities for transfer and genetic reassortment of swine influenza viruses. Over 90% of the swine slaughtered at the central swine abattoir in Hong Kong are imported from farms located in multiple provinces in mainland China. There is opportunity for virus cross-infection during this transport and slaughter process. Of the 26,980 swabs collected in the slaughterhouse in Hong Kong from 5 January 2012 to 15 December 2016, we analysed sequence data on influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates (n = 174) in conjunction with date of sampling and originating farm. Molecular epidemiology provided evidence of virus cross-infection between swine originating from different farms during transport. The findings are also suggestive of a virus lineage persisting in a swine farm for over 2 years, although the lack of information on management practices at farm-level means that alternative explanations cannot be excluded. We used virus serology and isolation data from 4226 pairs of linked serum and swabs collected from the same pig at slaughter from swine originating from Guangdong Province to compare the force of infection (FOI) during transport and within farms. The mean weekly FOI during transport was λt = 0.0286 (95% CI = 0.0211-0.0391) while the weekly FOI in farms was λf = 0.0089 (95% CI = 0.0084-0.0095), assuming a possible exposure duration in farm of 28 weeks, suggesting increased FOI during the transport process. Pigs sourced from farms with high seroprevalence were found to be a significant risk factor (adjusted OR = 2.24, p value = .015) for infection of imported pigs during transport by multivariable logistic regression analysis, whereas pigs with HAI titre of ≥1:40 were associated with a substantial reduction in infection risk by 67% (p value = 0.012). Transport may increase virus cross-infection rates and provide opportunities for virus reassortment potentially increasing zoonotic risk to those involved in the transportation and slaughtering processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric HY Lau
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Ziying Jin
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Guan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou P, Chen B, Hu X, Xiao X, Liu R, Li S. Domestic poultry are not susceptible to avian-origin H3N2 subtype canine influenza A virus. Vet Microbiol 2022; 272:109501. [PMID: 35853408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, avian-origin H3N2 subtype canine influenza virus (H3N2 CIV) is prevalent in East Asian and North American countries. The host tropism of H3N2 CIV to mammals, including mice, guinea pigs, ferrets, and pigs, has been evaluated. However, it has not previously been determined whether avian-origin H3N2 CIV can be transmitted back to birds. In China, ducks, chickens, geese, pigeons, and quails are economically important domestic poultry that are susceptible to numerous subtypes of influenza A virus. These poultry occasionally or frequently come into contact with dogs. In this study, the infectivity of the first- and last-isolated Chinese H3N2 CIV strains in these poultry species was evaluated, and oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs of these animals were negative for virus, as determined by specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken egg inoculation and real-time RT-qPCR assays. Clinical signs and gross lesions were not observed in any of these species, and seroconversion also did not occur. The results showed that all these avian species were unsusceptible to the first- and last-isolated H3N2 CIVs, indicating unidirectional evolution of the mammalian host tropism of H3N2 CIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu Y, Jin W, Guan W, Zeng Z, Yang Z. The genetic characterization of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) genes of H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in Guangdong Province of China during 2019-2020. Virus Genes 2022; 58:392-402. [PMID: 35900664 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, which can cause virus antigenic drift to escape human herd immunity, is a significant public health problem. Here, we obtained hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and polymerase acidic protein (PA) the gene sequences of 84 influenza virus isolates collected in Guangdong Province during the 2019-2020 influenza season. Phylogenetic analyses revealed all these isolates were genetically similar to the viruses of clade 3C2a A1b, specifically those within subclades of A1b 137F (59 cases), A1b 186D (19 cases), and A1b 94 N (6 cases). The influenza virus isolates were distinct from the World Health Organization recommended influenza A vaccine virus for the 2019-2020 Northern Hemisphere season (A/Kansas/14/2017; H3N2). Phylogenies inferred from the individual gene segment sequences revealed that one reassortment event occurred among these clades. The genetic variation involved mutations within viral antigenic epitopes and two N-glycosylation site alterations. The novel mutation sites of G202D and D206N in the HA gene, E344K in the NA gene, and K626R in the PA gene which may affect the spread of the virus were observed. We investigated the evolution of these genes and found that the HA and NA genes were under greater pressure than PA gene. Mutations associated with conferring resistance to NA inhibitors or baloxavir acid were not found. Our results suggest that a rapid evolution of the H3N2 influenza virus occurred, thus continuous monitoring is critical for establishing appropriate vaccine formulations or drug delivery for targeting influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Jin
- Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jørgensen RL, Lerche CJ, Pedersen MS, Kirkby N, Botnen AB, Trebbien R, Nilsson-Møller S, Pinholt M, Nielsen ACY, Westh H, Lisby JG, Schneider UV. Emergence of circulating influenza A H3N2 viruses with genetic drift in the matrix gene: Be alert of false negative test results. APMIS 2022; 130:612-617. [PMID: 35836366 PMCID: PMC9544743 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In March 2022, we observed samples with a negative fluorescent signal (60.5%, n=43) for the influenza A matrix gene, and a stronger positive signal for subtype A(H3N2). Forty-three samples were positive in InfA (H3N2) (mean Cq 30.9, range 23.9-35.1) and 26 of the 43 samples were negative in InfA matrix (mean Cq 28.0, range 23.2-30.6). Our multiplex test is a laboratory developed four-target, four-color influenza A reverse-transcription PCR assay targeting the matrix gene, subtypes A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09. Several samples were negative when retested on commercial influenza Point-of-Care assays. As the matrix gene is a stand-alone target in most commercial diagnostic assays, we caution against false negative subtype A test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Lind Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Johann Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Martin Schou Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ramona Trebbien
- National Influenza Center, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Nilsson-Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mette Pinholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alex Christian Yde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Westh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorm Lisby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Uffe Vest Schneider
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vandoorn E, Stadejek W, Parys A, Chepkwony S, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Pathobiology of an NS1-Truncated H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus Strain in Pigs. J Virol 2022; 96:e0051922. [PMID: 35546120 PMCID: PMC9175629 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00519-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus strains in the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for swine in the United States that was on the market until 2020 encode a truncated nonstructural protein 1 of 126 amino acids (NS1del126). Their attenuation is believed to be due to an impaired ability to counteract the type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral host response. However, this mechanism has been documented only in vitro for H3N2 strain A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 NS1del126 (lvTX98), and several cases of clinical respiratory disease in the field were associated with the LAIV strains. We therefore further examined the pathobiology, including type I IFN induction, of lvTX98 in pigs and compared it with IFN induction in pig kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. lvTX98 induced up to 3-fold-higher type I IFN titers than wild-type TX98 (wtTX98) after inoculation of PK-15 cells at a high multiplicity of infection, while virus replication kinetics were similar. Mean nasal lvTX98 excretion by intranasally inoculated pigs was on average 50 times lower than that for wtTX98 but still reached titers of up to 4.3 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses/mL. After intratracheal inoculation, mean lvTX98 titers in the lower respiratory tract were significantly reduced at 18 to 48 h postinoculation (hpi) but similar to wtTX98 titers at 72 hpi. lvTX98 caused milder clinical signs than wtTX98 but induced comparable levels of microscopic and macroscopic lung lesions, peak neutrophil infiltration, and peak type I IFN. Thus, lvTX98 was partly attenuated in pigs, but this could not be associated with higher type I IFN levels. IMPORTANCE Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) with a truncated NS1del126 protein were strongly attenuated in previous laboratory-based safety studies and therefore approved for use as LAIVs for swine in the United States. In the field, however, the LAIV strains were detected in diagnostic samples and could regain a wild-type NS1 via reassortment with endemic swIAVs. This suggests a significant degree of LAIV replication and urges further investigation of the level and mechanism of attenuation of these LAIV strains in vivo. Here, we show that H3N2 LAIV strain lvTX98 is only partly attenuated in pigs and is excreted at significant titers after intranasal vaccination. Attenuation and restricted replication of lvTX98 in vivo seemed to be associated with the loss of NS1 functions other than type I IFN antagonism. Our findings can help to explain the occurrence of clinical respiratory disease and reassortment events associated with NS1del126-based LAIV strains in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Stadejek
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sharon Chepkwony
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The Spanish flu occurred at the end of the First World War, in disastrous epidemiological conditions on populations exhausted by four years of war. At that time, there were no vaccines, no antibiotics, no oxygen and no resuscitation. It was even thought that the infectious agent was a bacterium. Humanity was poorly equipped to fight against a pandemic that caused 50-100 million deaths. The first palpable signs of the outbreak were the rapidly spreading multiple epidemics among young recruits in the American military training camps in March 1918. The flu then spread to the civilian populations and circled the globe twice, sparing no country, even the most remote islands, in tropical as well as polar climates, evolving in successive waves up until April 1919. The first was mild (lethality 0.21%), the second was lethal (lethality 2-4%), and during the third wave, lethality declined (1%), after which the flu became seasonal, with low lethality (0.1%). Between 20 and 40 years of age, patients often died within a few days of pneumonia, with respiratory distress leading to cyanosis, frequently associated with bacterial superinfection. The influenza virus, Myxovirus influenzae, was first discovered in 1931 by Richard Shope in pigs, and then in 1933 by Wilson Smith, Patrick Laidlaw and Christopher Andrews in humans during a seasonal influenza epidemic in London. In 1943, it was first observed under the electron microscope. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, the two main virulence factors, were discovered in the 1940s by George Hirst and Alfred Gottschalk. An RNA virus composed of 13,500 nucleotides in eight segments, it was initially sequenced in the 1980s, when Jeffrey Taubenberger determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the 1918 virus from lung tissue samples from patients who died of influenza. The 1918 H1N1 virus was found to have originated in birds. In 2005, it was successfully resuscitated in cell culture. It is 40,000 times more virulent in primates than the seasonal H1N1 virus. The lethality of the second wave could have been due to mutations in the hemagglutinin H1 gene, which would have resulted in a stronger affinity for α,2-6 galactose sialic acids, the virus' receptors on human epithelial cells. That said, the origin of the Spanish flu virus remains controversial. It probably emerged and circulated in the population before March 1918 in America, although European origin has also been evoked. The high mortality in the 20-40 age group remains an enigma. Some experts point to reduced immune response in patients previously exposed to related viral hemagglutinins during the 1889 pandemic. In any event, even though it concerns a markedly different virus, the history of the Spanish flu sheds light on the difficulties of management during today's pandemic.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang F, Zhu L, Liu F, Cheng L, Yao H, Wu N, Wu H, Li L. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of H3N2 influenza A viruses. Virus Res 2022; 317:198815. [PMID: 35595011 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses are highly contagious, leading to 290,000-650,000 mortalities every year globally. Among the influenza viruses, influenza A virus (H3N2) has attracted much attention due to its high frequency of antigenic variations, resulting in poor protection by vaccination. We generated a panel of murine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2) and identified the relevant epitopes that potentially influence the antigenicity by selecting mAb-resistant mutants. The epitopes were mainly in antigenic site A (1/9, 11.1%), B (6/9, 66.7%), and C (1/9, 11.1%), which is consistent with recent reports on the immunodominance of antigenic site B. The amino acid substitutions at positions 156, 157, 159, 160, and 189 at antigenic site B resulted in decreased mAb capability for blocking receptor binding. In addition, the neutralizing spectra of three mAbs (1F8, 1G9 and 1H5) were different, suggesting that their epitopes may be different but partially overlapping, and it required further study. Further, the mAb 3F9 selected a new substitution, D53G/N, at antigenic site C and showed in vitro neutralizing activity against A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2), A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2), and A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2), suggesting a potential epitope on H3 hemagglutinin for inducing broad neutralizing antibody responses. Continuous research and regular monitoring of novel epitopes are of great importance for improving vaccine strain selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Linwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Linfang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yao Q, Mai W, Lian Y, Zhang M, Yao Q, Huang C, Ge Y, Zhao Z. Emergence and Evolution of Novel Canine-Avian Reassortant H3N2 Influenza A Viruses in Duck in Leizhou Peninsula, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857800. [PMID: 35479631 PMCID: PMC9037141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian-to-mammal transmission and mammalian adaptation of avian influenza virus (AIV) are threats to public health and of great concern. The H3 subtype of influenza virus has low pathogenicity and is widely distributed in humans, canines, equines and avians. In 2018–2019, we isolated six H3N2 subtype influenza viruses from 329 samples acquired from ducks on the Leizhou Peninsula, China, as part of an ongoing virus surveillance program. All viruses were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing with subsequent genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that reassortment of these viruses has occurred among different hosts and subtypes. Some of the H3 AIV isolates have similar genes as subtypes H5 and H7 of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). Most importantly, one strain of H3N2 virus is a novel reassortant influenza virus containing HA and PB2 segments from canine H3N2 virus. The time of most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) data indicated that this reassortant H3N2 virus might have emerged in 2011–2018. The findings suggest that the viruses studied here have undergone multiple reassortment events. Our results provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis of host-range shifts of influenza viruses and we should pay more attention to canine which lived with avian together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiucheng Yao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhong Mai
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ye Ge
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vandoorn E, Parys A, Chepkwony S, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Efficacy of the NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza virus vaccine for swine against infection with viruses of major North American and European H3N2 lineages. Vaccine 2022; 40:2723-2732. [PMID: 35367071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Control of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) in North America and Europe is complicated because multiple antigenically distinct swIAV strains co-circulate in the field, and no vaccine is available that can provide broad cross-protection against all these swIAVs. In 2017, the first live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for swine was licensed in the US. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-truncated cluster I H3N2 strain A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 NS1del126 (TX98 LAIV) in this vaccine provides partial cross-protection against heterologous North American cluster II and IV H3N2 swIAV strains. Its efficacy against European or more recent North American H3N2 lineages remains to be investigated. In this study, we evaluated the level of cross-protection against heterologous IAVs representative of the major H3N2 swIAV lineages in Europe and North America. TX98 LAIV prevented both nasal shedding and replication in the lungs of a North American cluster IV H3N2 swIAV for 2/4 pigs, prevented considerable nasal shedding of a North American novel human-like H3N2 swIAV for 2/4 pigs, and reduced replication of a European H3N2 swIAV in the lower respiratory tract to minimal titers for 1/3 pigs. Although TX98 LAIV elicited neutralizing antibodies against the homologous virus in serum and to a lesser extent in nose and lungs, no significant cross-reactive antibody titers against the heterologous swIAVs were detected. Partial cross-protection therefore likely relies on cellular and mucosal immune responses against conserved parts of the swIAV proteins. Since TX98 LAIV can offer partial protection against a broad range of H3N2 swIAVs, it might be a suitable priming vaccine for use in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sharon Chepkwony
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Allen JD, Ross TM. Bivalent H1 and H3 COBRA Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccines Elicit Seroprotective Antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses from 2009 to 2019. J Virol 2022;:e0165221. [PMID: 35289635 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01652-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial influenza virus vaccines often elicit strain-specific immune responses and have difficulties preventing illness caused by antigenically drifted viral variants. In the last 20 years, the H3N2 component of the annual vaccine has been updated nearly twice as often as the H1N1 component, and in 2019, a mismatch between the wild-type (WT) H3N2 vaccine strain and circulating H3N2 influenza strains led to a vaccine efficacy of ∼9%. Modern methods of developing computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) for H3N2 influenza viruses utilize current viral surveillance information to design more broadly reactive vaccine antigens. Here, 7 new recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) H3 COBRA hemagglutinin (HA) antigens were evaluated in mice. Subsequently, two candidates, J4 and NG2, were selected for further testing in influenza-preimmune animals based on their ability to elicit broadly reactive antibodies against antigenically drifted H3N2 viral isolates. In the preimmune model, monovalent formulations of J4 and NG2 elicited broadly reactive antibodies against recently circulating H3N2 influenza viruses from 2019. Bivalent mixtures of COBRA H1 and H3 rHA, Y2 + J4, and Y2 + NG2 outperformed multiple WT H1+H3 bivalent rHA mixtures by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 isolates from 2009 to 2019. Overall, the newly generated COBRA HA antigens, namely, Y2, J4, and NG2, had the ability to induce broadly reactive antibodies in influenza-naive and preimmune animals in both monovalent and bivalent formulations, and these antigens outperformed H1 and H3 WT rHA vaccine antigens by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against panels of antigenically drifted historical H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine strains from 2009 to 2019. IMPORTANCE Standard-of-care influenza virus vaccines are composed of a mixture of antigens from different influenza viral subtypes. For the first time, lead COBRA H1 and H3 HA antigens, formulated as a bivalent vaccine, have been investigated in animals with preexisting immunity to influenza viruses. The cocktail of COBRA HA antigens elicited more broadly reactive anti-HA antibodies than those elicited by a comparator bivalent wild-type HA vaccine against H1 and H3 influenza viruses isolated between 2009 and 2019.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cai M, Gan P, Hu X, Mai Z, Ji C, Yi H, Li M, Li S, Ji Y, Huang J, Zhang G, Gong L. Protective effect of bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 VLP vaccines against Eurasian avian-like H1N1 and recent human-like H3N2 influenza viruses in a mouse model. Vet Microbiol 2022; 266:109370. [PMID: 35217323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) are currently the most prevalent SIVs in Chinese swine populations, but recent human-like H3N2 SIV subtypes have also been frequently isolated. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine against both EA H1N1 and recent human-like H3N2 infections. In this study, we utilized the baculovirus expression system to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) containing hemagglutinin protein (HA) and matrix protein (M1) based on A/Swine/Guangdong/YJ4/2014 (H1N1) and A/swine/Guangdong/L22/2010 (H3N2). An immunological experiment showed that in a mouse model, bivalent VLP vaccines against H1N1 and H3N2 can induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than whole influenza virus vaccines. Compared with monovalent inactivated vaccines that cannot offer protection against different SIV subtypes, monovalent H1N1 or H3N2 VLP vaccines can provide partial protection against lethal challenge by viruses of different subtypes. Meanwhile, bivalent VLP vaccines against H1N1 and H3N2 can provide full protection against lethal doses of homologous and heterologous viruses belonging to the EA H1N1 or recent human-like H3N2 lineage. These results suggest a promising approach to the development of vaccines against SIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Ping Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Jiangxi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Zhanzhuo Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Heyou Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Meidi Li
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Yikuan Ji
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Junmei Huang
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
| | - Lang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sharma A, Zeller MA, Souza CK, Anderson TK, Vincent AL, Harmon K, Li G, Zhang J, Gauger PC. Characterization of a 2016-2017 Human Seasonal H3 Influenza A Virus Spillover Now Endemic to U.S. Swine. mSphere 2022;:e0080921. [PMID: 35019669 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00809-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory detected a reverse-zoonotic transmission of a human seasonal H3 influenza A virus into swine (IAV-S) in Oklahoma. Pairwise comparison between the recently characterized human seasonal H3 IAV-S (H3.2010.2) hemagglutinin (HA) sequences detected in swine and the most similar 2016-2017 human seasonal H3 revealed 99.9% nucleotide identity. To elucidate the origin of H3.2010.2 IAV-S, 45 HA and 27 neuraminidase (NA) sequences from 2017 to 2020 as well as 11 whole-genome sequences (WGS) were genetically characterized. Time to most recent common human ancestor was estimated between August and September 2016. The N2 NA was of human origin in all but one strain from diagnostic submissions with NA sequences, and the internal gene segments from WGS consisted of matrix genes originating from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 and another 5 internal genes of triple reassortant swine origin (TTTTPT). Pigs experimentally infected with H3.2010.2 demonstrated efficient nasal shedding and replication in the lungs, mild pneumonia, and minimal microscopic lung lesions and transmitted the virus to indirect contact swine. Antigenically, H3.2010.2 viruses were closer to a human seasonal vaccine strain, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014, than to the H3.2010.1 human seasonal H3 viruses detected in swine in 2012. This was the second sustained transmission of a human seasonal IAV into swine from the 2010 decade after H3.2010.1. Monitoring the spillover and detection of novel IAV from humans to swine may help vaccine antigen selection and could impact pandemic preparedness. IMPORTANCE H3.2010.2 is a new phylogenetic clade of H3N2 circulating in swine that became established after the spillover of a human seasonal H3N2 from the 2016-2017 influenza season. The novel H3.2010.2 transmitted and adapted to the swine host and demonstrated reassortment with internal genes from strains endemic to pigs, but it maintained human-like HA and NA. It is genetically and antigenically distinct from the H3.2010.1 H3N2 introduced earlier in the 2010 decade. Human seasonal IAV spillovers into swine become established in the population through adaptation and sustained transmission and contribute to the genetic and antigenic diversity of IAV circulating in swine. Continued IAV surveillance is necessary to detect emergence of novel strains in swine and assist with vaccine antigen selection to improve the ability to prevent respiratory disease in swine as well as the risk of zoonotic transmission.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang G, Lv C, Liu C, Shen W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential biomarker in predicting influenza susceptibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003380. [PMID: 36274727 PMCID: PMC9583527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human population exposed to influenza viruses exhibited wide variation in susceptibility. The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) has been examined to be a marker of systemic inflammation. We sought to investigate the relationship between influenza susceptibility and the NLR taken before influenza virus infection. METHODS We investigated blood samples from five independent influenza challenge cohorts prior to influenza inoculation at the cellular level by using digital cytometry. We used multi-cohort gene expression analysis to compare the NLR between the symptomatic infected (SI) and asymptomatic uninfected (AU) subjects. We then used a network analysis approach to identify host factors associated with NLR and influenza susceptibility. RESULTS The baseline NLR was significantly higher in the SI group in both discovery and validation cohorts. The NLR achieved an AUC of 0.724 on the H3N2 data, and 0.736 on the H1N1 data in predicting influenza susceptibility. We identified four key modules that were not only significantly correlated with the baseline NLR, but also differentially expressed between the SI and AU groups. Genes within these four modules were enriched in pathways involved in B cell-mediated immune responses, cellular metabolism, cell cycle, and signal transduction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the NLR as a potential biomarker for predicting disease susceptibility to symptomatic influenza. An elevated NLR was detected in susceptible hosts, who may have defects in B cell-mediated immunity or impaired function in cellular metabolism, cell cycle or signal transduction. Our work can serve as a comparative model to provide insights into the COVID-19 susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjun Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Shen
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Harris R, Yang J, Pagan K, Cho SJ, Stout-Delgado H. Antiviral Gene Expression in Young and Aged Murine Lung during H1N1 and H3N2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212097. [PMID: 34829979 PMCID: PMC8618707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory virus that alone or in combination with secondary bacterial pathogens can contribute to the development of acute pneumonia in persons >65 years of age. Host innate immune antiviral signaling early in response to influenza is essential to inhibit early viral replication and guide the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Using young adult (3 months) and aged adult mice infected with mouse adapted H1N1 or H3N2, the results of our study illustrate dysregulated and/or diminished activation of key signaling pathways in aged lung contribute to increased lung inflammation and morbidity. Specifically, within the first seven days of infection, there were significant changes in genes associated with TLR and RIG-I signaling detected in aged murine lung in response to H1N1 or H3N2. Taken together, the results of our study expand our current understanding of age-associated changes in antiviral signaling in the lung.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/microbiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pneumonia/microbiology
- Pneumonia/virology
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Virus Replication/genetics
Collapse
|
49
|
Li X, Liu J, Qiu Z, Liao Q, Peng Y, Chen Y, Shu Y. Host-Adaptive Signatures of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Canine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:740472. [PMID: 34746280 PMCID: PMC8564371 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.740472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the primary natural reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs), although a small number of viruses can spill over to mammals and circulate. The focus of IAV infection in mammals was largely limited to humans and swine variants, until the emergence of H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs), which provides new perspective for interspecies transmission of the virus. In this study, we captured 54 canine-adaptive signatures in H3N2 CIVs through entropy computation, which were largely concentrated in the interaction region of polymerase proteins on ribonucleoprotein complex. The receiver operating characteristic curves of these sites showed >95% accuracy in distinguishing between the hosts. Nine of the 54 canine-adaptive signatures were shared in avian–human/equine or equine–canine (PB2-82; PB1-361; PA-277; HA-81, 111, 172, 196, 222, 489), suggesting their involvement in canine adaptation. Furthermore, we found that IAVs can establish persistent transmission in lower mammals with greater ease compared to higher mammals, and 25 common adaptation signatures of H3 IAVs were observed in diverse avian–mammals comparison. There were few human-like residues in H3N2 CIVs, which suggested a low risk of human infection. Our study highlights the necessity of identifying and monitoring the emerging adaptive mutations in companion animals by enhanced surveillance and provides a basis for mammal adaptation of avian influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zengzhao Qiu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yani Peng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jinjarak Y, Noy I, Ta Q. Pandemics and Economic Growth: Evidence from the 1968 H3N2 Influenza. Econ Disaster Clim Chang 2022; 6:73-93. [PMID: 34661047 DOI: 10.1007/s41885-021-00096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the 1968 H3N2 Flu pandemic’s economic cost in a cross-section of 52 countries. Using excess mortality rates as a proxy for the country-specific severity of the pandemic, we find that the average mortality rate (0.0062% per pandemic wave) was associated with a decline in output of 2.4% over the two pandemic waves. Our estimates also suggest the losses in consumption (-1.9%), investment (-1.2%), and productivity (-1.9%) over the two pandemic waves. The results are robust across regressions using alternative measures of mortality and output loss. The study adds to the current literature new empirical evidence on the economic consequences of the past pandemics in light of the potential impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on productivity.
Collapse
|