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Dunkel B, Archer D. The perils of publishing-Avoiding pit falls as an early career researcher. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:938-939. [PMID: 37827175 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Dunkel
- Royal Veterinary College, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Referral Hospital, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - D Archer
- University of Liverpool, Equine Clinical Sciences, Equine Hospital, Neston, UK
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Clarke MA, Archer D, Yoon K, Oguz I, Smith SA, Xu J, Cutter G, Bagnato F. White matter tracts that overlap with the thalamus and the putamen are protected against multiple sclerosis pathology. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 57:103430. [PMID: 34922252 PMCID: PMC10703593 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thalamus and the putamen are highly connected hubs implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. It remains unclear if white matter (WM) tracts, which pass through them, have a different susceptibility to MS pathology, and if so, if their impact on disability predominates over that exerted by disease in other WM tracts. We hypothesized that WM tracts connected to and passing through these hubs (subsequently termed hub+ tracts) would be more susceptible to MS-related pathology than tracts that do not pass through them (hub- tracts) due to retrograde and anterograde distant degeneration. Thus, we compared the lesion load and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) derived metrics between hub+ and hub- tracts and assessed the relationship between these MRI metrics and those of physical impairment. METHODS Eighteen patients (mean age of 45.5 years, 12 females) had 3 Tesla MRI consisting of T1-weighted and T2-weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and NODDI from which the orientation dispersion index (ODI), neurite density index (NDI), and isotropic volume fraction (IVF) were derived. Forty-nine WM tracts, i.e., 12 hub+ and 37 hub- tracts, were segmented out. Exploratory analyses of the differences in lesion burden, whole tract and normal appearing WM (NAWM) NODDI metrics were carried out between the two types of tracts using a Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations with physical impairment, quantified using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) test were assessed using Spearman correlation analyses. RESULTS Hub- tracts had larger T1- (p<0.001) and T2-lesion (p<0.001) volumes; lower ODI (p<0.001), NDI (p<0.001) and higher IVF (p = 0.020) in comparison to hub+ tracts. Measures of tissue injury in hub+ tracts correlated with those of clinical disability, though less strongly than in hub- tracts. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, our exploratory pilot study results suggest that WM tracts that overlap with the thalamus and the putamen have a lower degree of lesional and non-lesional tissue injury, suggesting a protective role of the hubs against MS pathology or a higher degree of vulnerability of those not passing through hub stations. We also show a weaker association between disability impairment and hub+ pathology, compared to that in hub- tracts. Our findings point to a potential role of disease location in relation to hubs as guidance for treatment personalization in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Clarke
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuro-immunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA.
| | - D Archer
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - K Yoon
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - I Oguz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - S A Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - J Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - G Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - F Bagnato
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuro-immunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA; Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, TN Valley Healthcare System (TVHS) Nashville TN, USA
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Rivera-Rodriguez C, Clark TC, Fleming T, Archer D, Crengle S, Peiris-John R, Lewycka S. National estimates from the Youth '19 Rangatahi smart survey: A survey calibration approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251177. [PMID: 33989300 PMCID: PMC8121344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant progress has been made addressing adolescent health needs in New Zealand, but some areas, such as mental health issues remain, particularly for rangatahi Māori (indigenous Māori young people). Little is known about how contemporary Māori whānau (families) and communities influence health outcomes, health literacy and access to services. Previous nationally representative secondary school surveys were conducted in New Zealand in 2001, 2007 and 2012, as part of the Youth2000 survey series. This paper focuses on a fourth survey conducted in 2019 (https://www.youth19.ac.nz/). In 2019, the survey also included kura kaupapa Māori schools (Māori language immersion schools), and questions exploring the role of family connections in health and wellbeing. This paper presents the overall study methodology, and a weighting and calibration framework in order to provide estimates that reflect the national student population, and enable comparisons with the previous surveys to monitor trends. METHODS Youth19 was a cross sectional, self-administered health and wellbeing survey of New Zealand high school students. The target population was the adolescent population of New Zealand (school years 9-13). The study population was drawn from three education regions: Auckland, Tai Tokerau (Northland) and Waikato. These are the most ethnically diverse regions in New Zealand. The sampling design was two-stage clustered stratified, where schools were the clusters, and strata were defined by kura schools and educational regions. There were four strata, formed as follows: kura schools (Tai Tokerau, Auckland and Waikato regions combined), mainstream-Auckland, mainstream-Tai Tokerau and mainstream-Waikato. From each stratum, 50% of the schools were randomly sampled and then 30% of students from the selected schools were invited to participate. All students in the kura kaupapa schools were invited to participate. In order to make more precise estimates and adjust for differential non-response, as well as to make nationally relevant estimates and allow comparisons with the previous national surveys, we calibrated the sampling weights to reflect the national secondary school student population. RESULTS There were 45 mainstream and 4 kura schools included in the final sample, and 7,374 mainstream and 347 kura students participated in the survey. There were differences between the sampled population and the national secondary school student population, particularly in terms of sex and ethnicity, with a higher proportion of females and Asian students in the study sample than in the national student population. We calculated estimates of the totals and proportions for key variables that describe risk and protective factors or health and wellbeing factors. Rates of risk-taking behaviours were lower in the sampled population than what would be expected nationally, based on the demographic profile of the national student population. For the regional estimates, calibrated weights yield standard errors lower than those obtained with the unadjusted sampling weights. This leads to significantly narrower confidence intervals for all the variables in the analysis. The calibrated estimates of national quantities provide similar results. Additionally, the national estimates for 2019 serve as a tool to compare to previous surveys, where the sampling population was national. CONCLUSIONS One of the main goals of this paper is to improve the estimates at the regional level using calibrated weights to adjust for oversampling of some groups, or non-response bias. Additionally, we also recommend the use of calibrated estimators as they provide nationally adjusted estimates, which allow inferences about the whole adolescent population of New Zealand. They also yield confidence intervals that are significantly narrower than those obtained using the original sampling weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: ,
| | - T. C. Clark
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T. Fleming
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - D. Archer
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S. Crengle
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R. Peiris-John
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S. Lewycka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Thomson C, Archer D, Ahern B, Medina‐Torres CE. Successful treatment of a splenic abscess secondary to migrant metallic wires in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Thomson
- School of Veterinary Science Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - D. Archer
- School of Veterinary Science Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - B. Ahern
- School of Veterinary Science Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - C. E. Medina‐Torres
- School of Veterinary Science Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
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Howell AK, Malalana F, Beesley NJ, Hodgkinson JE, Rhodes H, Sekiya M, Archer D, Clough HE, Gilmore P, Williams DJL. Fasciola hepatica in UK horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:194-199. [PMID: 31254486 PMCID: PMC7027485 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) affects grazing animals including horses but the extent to which it affects UK horses is unknown. Objectives To define how liver fluke affects the UK horse population. Study design Descriptive, cross‐sectional, observational study. Methods An F. hepatica excretory‐secretory antibody detection ELISA with a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 97% was validated and used to analyse serum samples. An abattoir study was performed to determine prevalence. A case‐control study of 269 horses compared fluke exposure between horses with liver disease and controls. Data on clinical signs and blood test results were collected for sero‐positive horses. Genotyping of adult fluke was used to produce a multilocus genotype for each parasite. Results Four (2.2%) of 183 horses registered in the UK, sampled in the abattoir, had adult flukes in the liver, and the sero‐prevalence of F. hepatica was estimated as 8.7%. In the case‐control study, horses showing signs consistent with liver disease had significantly higher odds of testing positive for F. hepatica on ELISA than control horses. In 23 sero‐positive horses, a range of non‐specific clinical signs and blood test abnormalities was reported, with a third of the horses showing no signs. Genotypic analysis of liver flukes from horses provided evidence that these came from the same population as flukes from sheep and cattle. Main limitations Bias could have arisen in the prevalence and case‐control studies due to convenience sampling methods, in particular the geographic origin of the horses. Only a small number of horses tested positive so the data on clinical signs are limited. Conclusions Exposure to liver fluke occurs frequently in horses and may be an under‐recognised cause of liver disease. Flukes isolated from horses are from the same population as those found in ruminants. When designing and implementing parasite control plans, fluke should be considered, and horses should be tested if appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Howell
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Malalana
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N J Beesley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J E Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Rhodes
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Sekiya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Archer
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H E Clough
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Gilmore
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D J L Williams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Surrey E, Archer D, Chwalisz K, Gordon K, Ng J, Lessey B. Estradiol Levels are Differentially Suppressed by Elagolix Compared to Leuprolide Acetate. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Leyland N, Taylor H, Archer D, Peloso P, Schwefel B, Soliman A, Martinez M, Abrao M. Elagolix Reduced Dyspareunia and Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in Premenopausal Women with Endometriosis-Associated Pain. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Archer D, Blithe D, Gemzell K, Sitruk-Ware R, Merkatz R, Creasy G. Safety and efficacy results for the segesterone acetate ethinyl estradiol (SA/EE) contraceptive vaginal ring. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Equine populations worldwide are at increasing risk of infection by viruses transmitted by biting arthropods, including mosquitoes, biting midges (Culicoides), sandflies and ticks. These include the flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and Murray Valley encephalitis), alphaviruses (eastern, western and Venezuelan encephalitis) and the orbiviruses (African horse sickness and equine encephalosis). This review provides an overview of the challenges faced in the surveillance, prevention and control of the major equine arboviruses, particularly in the context of these viruses emerging in new regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Chapman
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Archer
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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Abstract
There is growing concern about the increasing risk of disease outbreaks caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in both human beings and animals. There are several mosquito-borne viral diseases that cause varying levels of morbidity and mortality in horses and that can have substantial welfare and economic ramifications. While none has been recorded in the UK, vector species for some of these viruses are present, suggesting that UK equines may be at risk. The authors undertook, therefore, the first study of mosquito species on equine premises in the UK. Mosquito magnet traps and red-box traps were used to sample adults, and larvae were collected from water sources such as tyres, buckets, ditches and pools. Several species that are known to be capable of transmitting important equine infectious arboviruses were trapped. The most abundant, with a maximum catch of 173 in 72 hours, was Ochlerotatus detritus, a competent vector of some flaviviruses; the highest densities were found near saltmarsh habitats. The most widespread species, recorded at >75 per cent of sites, was Culiseta annulata. This study demonstrates that potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses, including those known to be capable of infecting horses, are present and may be abundant on equine premises in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Chapman
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Archer
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Torr
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Solomon
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Chow L, Carr A, MacKenzie L, Walker A, Archer D, Lee A. The effect of dalteparin on thromboelastography in pregnancy: an in vitro study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016; 28:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cook N, Dey P, Archer D, Egglestone P. OP05 Cancer awareness messages in the UK print media: a content analytical and corpus linguistic mixed methods study. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Robin M, Page P, Archer D, Baylis M. African horse sickness: The potential for an outbreak in disease-free regions and current disease control and elimination techniques. Equine Vet J 2016; 48:659-69. [PMID: 27292229 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is an arboviral disease of equids transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. The virus is endemic in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and official AHS disease-free status can be obtained from the World Organization for Animal Health on fulfilment of a number of criteria. AHS is associated with case fatality rates of up to 95%, making an outbreak among naïve horses both a welfare and economic disaster. The worldwide distributions of similar vector-borne diseases (particularly bluetongue disease of ruminants) are changing rapidly, probably due to a combination of globalisation and climate change. There is extensive evidence that the requisite conditions for an AHS epizootic currently exist in disease-free countries. In particular, although the stringent regulations enforced upon competition horses make them extremely unlikely to redistribute the virus, there are great concerns over the effects of illegal equid movement. An outbreak of AHS in a disease free region would have catastrophic effects on equine welfare and industry, particularly for international events such as the Olympic Games. While many regions have contingency plans in place to manage an outbreak of AHS, further research is urgently required if the equine industry is to avoid or effectively contain an AHS epizootic in disease-free regions. This review describes the key aspects of AHS as a global issue and discusses the evidence supporting concerns that an epizootic may occur in AHS free countries, the planned government responses, and the roles and responsibilities of equine veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - P Page
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - D Archer
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, UK
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Robin M, Archer D, McGowan C, Garros C, Gardès L, Baylis M. Repellent effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses. Vet Rec 2015; 176:574. [PMID: 25948630 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is a vectorborne disease spread by Culicoides biting midges. The UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs currently suggests using topical deltamethrin for AHS control; however, no data are available regarding its efficacy in the horse. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses and to investigate which Culicoides species blood fed on horses. Three pairs of horses were placed in partially enclosed cages that allowed samples representing the Culicoides interacting with individual horses to be sampled. Four data collection sessions were completed before one horse from each pair was topically treated with 10 ml of 1 per cent deltamethrin solution and another four sessions were then carried out. Collected Culicoides were identified and each biting midge examined to see if it had blood fed. The most abundant species collected were C. chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. obsoletus and C. scoticus (44.3 per cent) and either C. pulicaris or C. punctatus (34.7 per cent). These species were also more likely to have blood fed than other species, supporting their potential role as AHS vectors if the virus were to reach the UK. There was no significant effect of treatment on blood feeding by Culicoides. The results do not support the use of topical deltamethrin to prevent blood feeding by Culicoides on individual horses; however, the study does not investigate the effect that the widespread use of topical deltamethrin might have on vector numbers or disease transmission from viraemic individuals during an outbreak of AHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D Archer
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - C McGowan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - C Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, INRA UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - L Gardès
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, INRA UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - M Baylis
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Hurst P, Archer D, Board L, Roberts J. OC8 Expectations, caffeine and pacing strategy: How positive and negative expectations can influence running performance. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094245.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Robin M, Archer D, Garros C, Gardès L, Baylis M. The threat of midge-borne equine disease: investigation of Culicoides species on UK equine premises. Vet Rec 2014; 174:301. [PMID: 24508765 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns that outbreaks of exotic or novel vector-borne viral diseases will increasingly occur within northern Europe and the UK in the future. African horse sickness (AHS) is a viral disease of equids that is transmitted by Culicoides and is associated with up to 95 per cent mortality. AHS has never occurred in the UK; however, it has been suggested that appropriate Culicoides species and climatic conditions are present in northern Europe to support an outbreak. No data are currently available regarding the Culicoides species present on UK equine properties. This study demonstrates the presence of potential AHS virus vector Culicoides species on both urban and rural equine properties within the south-east UK. PCR analysis revealed that engorged members of these species contained equine DNA, proving a direct vector-host interaction. It is therefore possible that an AHS outbreak could occur in the UK if the virus were to be imported and, given the severe welfare and economic consequences of AHS, this would have devastating consequences to the naïve UK equine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE
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Vaniman DT, Bish DL, Ming DW, Bristow TF, Morris RV, Blake DF, Chipera SJ, Morrison SM, Treiman AH, Rampe EB, Rice M, Achilles CN, Grotzinger JP, McLennan SM, Williams J, Bell JF, Newsom HE, Downs RT, Maurice S, Sarrazin P, Yen AS, Morookian JM, Farmer JD, Stack K, Milliken RE, Ehlmann BL, Sumner DY, Berger G, Crisp JA, Hurowitz JA, Anderson R, Des Marais DJ, Stolper EM, Edgett KS, Gupta S, Spanovich N, Agard C, Alves Verdasca JA, Anderson R, Archer D, Armiens-Aparicio C, Arvidson R, Atlaskin E, Atreya S, Aubrey A, Baker B, Baker M, Balic-Zunic T, Baratoux D, Baroukh J, Barraclough B, Bean K, Beegle L, Behar A, Bender S, Benna M, Bentz J, Berger J, Berman D, Blanco Avalos JJ, Blaney D, Blank J, Blau H, Bleacher L, Boehm E, Botta O, Bottcher S, Boucher T, Bower H, Boyd N, Boynton B, Breves E, Bridges J, Bridges N, Brinckerhoff W, Brinza D, Brunet C, Brunner A, Brunner W, Buch A, Bullock M, Burmeister S, Cabane M, Calef F, Cameron J, Campbell JI, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Caride Rodriguez J, Carmosino M, Carrasco Blazquez I, Charpentier A, Choi D, Clark B, Clegg S, Cleghorn T, Cloutis E, Cody G, Coll P, Conrad P, Coscia D, Cousin A, Cremers D, Cros A, Cucinotta F, d'Uston C, Davis S, Day MK, de la Torre Juarez M, DeFlores L, DeLapp D, DeMarines J, Dietrich W, Dingler R, Donny C, Drake D, Dromart G, Dupont A, Duston B, Dworkin J, Dyar MD, Edgar L, Edwards C, Edwards L, Ehresmann B, Eigenbrode J, Elliott B, Elliott H, Ewing R, Fabre C, Fairen A, Farley K, Fassett C, Favot L, Fay D, Fedosov F, Feldman J, Feldman S, Fisk M, Fitzgibbon M, Flesch G, Floyd M, Fluckiger L, Forni O, Fraeman A, Francis R, Francois P, Franz H, Freissinet C, French KL, Frydenvang J, Gaboriaud A, Gailhanou M, Garvin J, Gasnault O, Geffroy C, Gellert R, Genzer M, Glavin D, Godber A, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Golovin D, Gomez Gomez F, Gomez-Elvira J, Gondet B, Gordon S, Gorevan S, Grant J, Griffes J, Grinspoon D, Guillemot P, Guo J, Guzewich S, Haberle R, Halleaux D, Hallet B, Hamilton V, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Harpold D, Harri AM, Harshman K, Hassler D, Haukka H, Hayes A, Herkenhoff K, Herrera P, Hettrich S, Heydari E, Hipkin V, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Hudgins J, Huntress W, Hviid S, Iagnemma K, Indyk S, Israel G, Jackson R, Jacob S, Jakosky B, Jensen E, Jensen JK, Johnson J, Johnson M, Johnstone S, Jones A, Jones J, Joseph J, Jun I, Kah L, Kahanpaa H, Kahre M, Karpushkina N, Kasprzak W, Kauhanen J, Keely L, Kemppinen O, Keymeulen D, Kim MH, Kinch K, King P, Kirkland L, Kocurek G, Koefoed A, Kohler J, Kortmann O, Kozyrev A, Krezoski J, Krysak D, Kuzmin R, Lacour JL, Lafaille V, Langevin Y, Lanza N, Lasue J, Le Mouelic S, Lee EM, Lee QM, Lees D, Lefavor M, Lemmon M, Malvitte AL, Leshin L, Leveille R, Lewin-Carpintier E, Lewis K, Li S, Lipkaman L, Little C, Litvak M, Lorigny E, Lugmair G, Lundberg A, Lyness E, Madsen M, Mahaffy P, Maki J, Malakhov A, Malespin C, Malin M, Mangold N, Manhes G, Manning H, Marchand G, Marin Jimenez M, Martin Garcia C, Martin D, Martin M, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Mauchien P, McAdam A, McCartney E, McConnochie T, McCullough E, McEwan I, McKay C, McNair S, Melikechi N, Meslin PY, Meyer M, Mezzacappa A, Miller H, Miller K, Minitti M, Mischna M, Mitrofanov I, Moersch J, Mokrousov M, Molina Jurado A, Moores J, Mora-Sotomayor L, Mueller-Mellin R, Muller JP, Munoz Caro G, Nachon M, Navarro Lopez S, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Nealson K, Nefian A, Nelson T, Newcombe M, Newman C, Nikiforov S, Niles P, Nixon B, Noe Dobrea E, Nolan T, Oehler D, Ollila A, Olson T, Owen T, de Pablo Hernandez MA, Paillet A, Pallier E, Palucis M, Parker T, Parot Y, Patel K, Paton M, Paulsen G, Pavlov A, Pavri B, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pepin R, Peret L, Perez R, Perrett G, Peterson J, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Pla-Garcia J, Plante I, Poitrasson F, Polkko J, Popa R, Posiolova L, Posner A, Pradler I, Prats B, Prokhorov V, Purdy SW, Raaen E, Radziemski L, Rafkin S, Ramos M, Raulin F, Ravine M, Reitz G, Renno N, Richardson M, Robert F, Robertson K, Rodriguez Manfredi JA, Romeral-Planello JJ, Rowland S, Rubin D, Saccoccio M, Salamon A, Sandoval J, Sanin A, Sans Fuentes SA, Saper L, Sautter V, Savijarvi H, Schieber J, Schmidt M, Schmidt W, Scholes DD, Schoppers M, Schroder S, Schwenzer S, Sebastian Martinez E, Sengstacken A, Shterts R, Siebach K, Siili T, Simmonds J, Sirven JB, Slavney S, Sletten R, Smith M, Sobron Sanchez P, Spray J, Squyres S, Stalport F, Steele A, Stein T, Stern J, Stewart N, Stipp SLS, Stoiber K, Sucharski B, Sullivan R, Summons R, Sun V, Supulver K, Sutter B, Szopa C, Tan F, Tate C, Teinturier S, ten Kate I, Thomas P, Thompson L, Tokar R, Toplis M, Torres Redondo J, Trainer M, Tretyakov V, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, VanBommel S, Varenikov A, Vasavada A, Vasconcelos P, Vicenzi E, Vostrukhin A, Voytek M, Wadhwa M, Ward J, Webster C, Weigle E, Wellington D, Westall F, Wiens RC, Wilhelm MB, Williams A, Williams R, Williams RBM, Wilson M, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wolff M, Wong M, Wray J, Wu M, Yana C, Yingst A, Zeitlin C, Zimdar R, Zorzano Mier MP. Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1243480. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Meslin PY, Gasnault O, Forni O, Schröder S, Cousin A, Berger G, Clegg SM, Lasue J, Maurice S, Sautter V, Le Mouélic S, Wiens RC, Fabre C, Goetz W, Bish D, Mangold N, Ehlmann B, Lanza N, Harri AM, Anderson R, Rampe E, McConnochie TH, Pinet P, Blaney D, Léveillé R, Archer D, Barraclough B, Bender S, Blake D, Blank JG, Bridges N, Clark BC, DeFlores L, Delapp D, Dromart G, Dyar MD, Fisk M, Gondet B, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff K, Johnson J, Lacour JL, Langevin Y, Leshin L, Lewin E, Madsen MB, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, Mischna MA, Moores JE, Newsom H, Ollila A, Perez R, Renno N, Sirven JB, Tokar R, de la Torre M, d'Uston L, Vaniman D, Yingst A. Soil diversity and hydration as observed by ChemCam at Gale crater, Mars. Science 2013; 341:1238670. [PMID: 24072924 DOI: 10.1126/science.1238670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Meslin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse, France.
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Kimble T, Thurman A, Jacot T, Ross B, Archer D. Effects of meloxicam, a semi-selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the ultrasound appearance of the dominant follicle before and after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schwartz J, Weiner D, Lai JJ, Frezieres R, Creinin M, Archer D, Bradley L, Barnhart K, Poindexter A, Mauck C, Kilbourne-Brook M, Callahan M. Contraceptive efficacy, safety and acceptability of SILCS, a novel single-sized diaphragm used with contraceptive gel. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Archer D, Geng J. The Effect of Visual WM Capacity on Attentional Selection. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sassenrath GF, Halloran JM, Archer D, Raper RL, Hendrickson J, Vadas P, Hanson J. Drivers Impacting the Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices and Production Systems of the Northeast and Southeast United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2010.493412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Menon B, Davis M, Herrera C, Eesa M, Demchuk A, Goyal M, Archer D, Hill M. P-005 Anesthetic considerations and the role of blood pressure management in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003236.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Cue
- Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA
| | | | | | - J Hibbert
- Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA
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Archer D. Charles James Frederick Maguire. West J Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Archer D. Dorothy Black (nee Stewart). West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wilson TW, Fleischer A, Archer D, Hayasaka S, Sawaki L. Oscillatory MEG Responses Reflect Plasticity in the Motor Cortices of Stroke Patients Following Therapy. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Honisch B, Hemming NG, Archer D, Siddall M, McManus JF. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Science 2009; 324:1551-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1171477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Labrie F, Archer D, Bouchard C, Fortier M, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Girard G, Baron M, Ayotte N, Moreau M, Dubé R, Côté I, Labrie C, Lavoie L, Berger L, Gilbert L, Martel C, Balser J. SERUM STEROID LEVELS DURING 12-WEEK INTRAVAGINAL DHEA ADMINISTRATION. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wheeler TA, Porter DO, Archer D, Mullinix BG. Effect of Fumigation on Rotylenchulus reniformis Population Density Through Subsurface Drip Irrigation Located Every Other Furrow. J Nematol 2008; 40:210-216. [PMID: 19440261 PMCID: PMC2664665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plots naturally infested with Rotylenchulus reniformis were sampled in the spring of 2006 and 2007 at depths of 15 and 30 cm in the bed, furrow over the drip tape, and "dry" furrow, and at approximately 40 to 45 cm depth in the bed and dry furrow. Then, 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone EC) was injected into the subsurface drip irrigation at 46 kg a.i./ha, and 3 to 4 weeks later the plots were resampled and assayed for nematodes. The transformed values for nematode population density (IvLRr) before fumigation were higher at 30 and 40 cm depths than at a 15 cm depth. IvLRr before fumigation was higher in the soil over the drip lines than in the bed or dry furrow and was higher in the bed than the dry furrow. IvLRr was higher in the plots to be fumigated than the plots that were not to be fumigated for all depths and locations except at a 15 cm depth over the drip lines, where the values were similar. However, after fumigation, IvLRr was lower over the drip lines at a 30 cm depth in plots that were fumigated compared to samples in a similar location and depth that were not fumigated. There were no other location/depth combinations where the fumigation reduced IvLRr below that in the nonfumigated plots. Yield in 2006, which was a very hot and dry year, was predicted adequately (R(2) = 0.67) by a linear model based on the preplant population density of R. reniformis, with a very steep slope (-2.8 kg lint/ha per R. reniformis/100 cm(3) soil). However, no relationship between nematode density and yield was seen in 2007, which had cooler weather for most of the season. Yield was not significantly improved by fumigation through the drip irrigation system in either year compared to plots treated only with aldicarb (0.84 kg a.i./ha), indicating that the level of control with fumigation did not kill enough R. reniformis to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Wheeler
- Texas AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX 79403, Texas Agrilife Extension and Texas AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX 79403
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Jerjes W, Upile T, El Maaytah M, Fisher C, Searle A, Archer D, Michael's L, Hopper C, Rhys-Evans P, Howard D, Wright A. Recent technological developments: In situ histopathological interrogation of surgical tissues and resection margins. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jefferies S, Kote-Jarai Z, Goldgar D, Houlston R, Frazer-Williams MJ, A'Hern R, Eeles R, Henk J, Gore M, Rhys-Evans P, Archer D, Bishop K, Solomon E, Hodgson S, McGurk M, Hibbert J, O'Connell M, Partridge M, Chevretton E, Calman F, Saunders M, Shotton K, Brown A, Whittaker S, Foulkes W. Association between polymorphisms of the GPX1 gene and second primary tumours after index squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:455-61. [PMID: 15878749 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms in GPX1 gene amongst patients who had index squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) and a second primary tumour (SPT) after a primary SCCHN in a case-control study. GPX1 genotypes were determined for 61 patients with SPT and for 259 control subjects by a PCR technique using a fluorescent-labelled primer. Analysis was by an ABI automated fluorescent sequencer. The associations between specific genotypes and the development of SPT were examined by logistic regression. A significant difference was found between the control group and the SPT cases in allele frequencies of GPX1 ALA( *)6 and ALA( *)7 (p(trend)=0.04). These results suggest that polymorphisms in the GPX1 gene may be a marker for SPT development and further studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jefferies
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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O-charoenrat P, Pillai G, Patel S, Fisher C, Archer D, Eccles S, Rhys-Evans P. Tumour thickness predicts cervical nodal metastases and survival in early oral tongue cancer. Oral Oncol 2003; 39:386-90. [PMID: 12676259 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(02)00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue is characterized by a high propensity for cervical nodal metastasis, which affects the probability of regional control and survival. Until now, elective treatment of the clinically negative neck in early lesions (T(1-2)) of the oral tongue cancer remains controversial. This study attempted to identify predictive factor(s) for cervical nodal metastasis and treatment outcomes in patients with early stage SCC of the oral tongue treated primarily by surgery. Fifty patients with previously untreated Stage I/II primary tongue carcinomas with available archival specimens treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital between 1981 and 1998 were reviewed. Clinico-pathological features including age, gender, alcohol and tobacco consumption, tumour location, histological grade, tumour-stromal border, growth pattern, tumour thickness, and clinical stage were evaluated and the correlations with cervical metastases and outcome analysis were determined. The overall occult nodal metastatic rate was 40% (20/50). Tumour thickness exceeding 5 mm was statistically significantly correlated with cervical metastases (P = 0.003; relative risk = 2.429). No statistical correlation was observed between other clinico-pathological parameters and nodal metastasis. With a median follow-up of 98 months, 5-year actuarial overall, disease-specific (DSS), and relapse-free survival were 65.71, 67.77, and 68.18%, respectively. Univariate analysis for DSS showed poorer outcomes for patients with age > 60 years (P = 0.0423) and tumour thickness > 5 mm (P = 0.0067). The effect of tumour thickness was maintained (P = 0.005) on multivariate analysis. The present study indicates that the thickness of primary tumour has a strong predictive value for occult cervical metastasis and poor outcomes in patients with Stage I/II oral tongue SCC. Thus, elective neck treatment (surgery or irradiation) is indicated for tumours exceeding 5 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O-charoenrat
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Siriraj Hospital Medical School, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Yii NW, Eisen T, Nicolson M, A'Hern R, Rhys-Evans P, Archer D, Henk JM, Gore ME. Mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck: the Marsden experience over half a century. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2003; 15:199-204. [PMID: 12846499 DOI: 10.1016/s0936-6555(03)00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed patients treated at The Royal Marsden Hospital for mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck between 1945 and 1996. The analysis included 89 patients, and this study is the largest so far reported from a single institution in the literature. The overall 5-year survival rate for the patient population was 23% (95% confidence interval: 14-33) and the 10-year survival rate was 12%, (6-21%). The only significant predictor of survival was the tumour stage at presentation. Radical local excision was the only treatment that provided a chance of cure. Adding radiotherapy to surgery in tumours that could be radically excised did not confer any statistically significant advantage in reducing local recurrence or improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Yii
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archer
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Olness A, Lopez D, Archer D, Cordes J, Sweeney C, Mattson N, Rinke J, Voorhees WB. Factors affecting microbial formation of nitrate-nitrogen in soil and their effects on fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. ScientificWorldJournal 2001; 1 Suppl 2:122-9. [PMID: 12805785 PMCID: PMC6083991 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2001.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 microg N g(-1) of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olness
- USADA-ARS-MWA, N. Central Soil Conservation REs. Lab, Morris, MN 56267, USA.
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Archer D, Bigrigg A, Smallwood G, Shangold G, Creasy G, Fisher A. An integrated assessment of patient compliance with a weekly contraceptive patch (ORTHO EVRA™/EVRA™). Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anderson R, Archer D, Bathmann U, Boyd P, Buesseler K, Burkill P, Bychkov A, Carlson C, Chen CT, Doney S, Ducklow H, Emerson S, Feely R, Feldman G, Garçon V, Hansell D, Hanson R, Harrison P, Honjo S, Jeandel C, Karl D, Le Borgne R, Liu K, Lochte K, Louanchi F, Lowry R, Michaels A, Monfray P, Murray J, Oschlies A, Platt T, Priddle J, Quiñones R, Ruiz-Pino D, Saino T, Sakshaug E, Shimmield G, Smith S, Smith W, Takahashi T, Tréguer P, Wallace D, Wanninkhof R, Watson A, Willebrand J, Wong CS. A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Ambio 2001:4-30. [PMID: 11842646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
AIM To determine a suitable intraocular lens for implantation in patients at high risk of lens exposure to silicone oil in their lifetime. METHODS PMMA, AcrySof, AR40, AQUA-Sense, and Raysoft lenses were examined. Each lens was immersed for 5 minute intervals in balanced salt solution (BSS), in stained silicone oil, and again in BSS before being photographed in air and in BSS. Percentage silicone oil coverage of the lens optic was determined. RESULTS The mean percentage coating (MPC) for the lens biomaterials ranged from 5.2% to 21.5%. The Raysoft lens had significantly less oil coverage when statistically compared with the other lens types (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A Raysoft (Rayner) lens is a suitable lens for implantation in patients who are at risk of severe vitreoretinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McLoone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
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Segers G, Bradshaw N, Archer D, Blissett K, Oliver RP. Alcohol oxidase is a novel pathogenicity factor for Cladosporium fulvum, but aldehyde dehydrogenase is dispensable. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2001; 14:367-77. [PMID: 11277434 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cladosporiumfulvum is a mitosporic ascomycete pathogen of tomato. A study of fungal genes expressed during carbon starvation in vitro identified several genes that were up regulated during growth in planta. These included genes predicted to encode acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1) and alcohol oxidase (Aox1). An Aldh1 deletion mutant was constructed. This mutant lacked all detectable ALDH activity, had lost the ability to grow with ethanol as a carbon source, but was unaffected in pathogenicity. Aox1 expression was induced by carbon starvation and during the later stages of infection. The alcohol oxidase enzyme activity has broadly similar properties (Km values, substrate specificity, pH, and heat stability) to yeast enzymes. Antibodies raised to Hansenula polymorpha alcohol oxidase (AOX) detected antigens in Western blots of starved C. fulvum mycelium and infected plant material. Antigen reacting with the antibodies was localized to organelles resembling peroxisomes in starved mycelium and infected plants. Disruption mutants of Aox1 lacked detectable AOX activity and had markedly reduced pathogenicity as assayed by two different measures of fungal growth. These results identify alcohol oxidase as a novel pathogenicity factor and are discussed in relation to peroxisomal metabolism of fungal pathogens during growth in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Segers
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Weisberg E, Fraser IS, Baker J, Archer D, Landgren BM, Killick S, Soutter P, Krause T, d'Arcangues C. A randomized comparison of the effects on vaginal and cervical epithelium of a placebo vaginal ring with non-use of a ring. Contraception 2000; 62:83-9. [PMID: 11102592 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of contraceptive vaginal rings on the vaginal surface epithelium, although most studies have not demonstrated any significant deleterious effect. However, one study found that some medium-to-long-term levonorgestrel-releasing ring users developed chronic erythematous and ulcerative lesions in the posterior vaginal fornix. Subsequently, this ring was completely redesigned (IVR-2) with different dimensions and much greater flexibility. The first version of IVR-2 was designed as a placebo ring to explore effects on the vagina and cervix without addition of a progestogen. One-hundred-sixty-six healthy sexually active women volunteers were recruited in four centers and randomly assigned for 6 months to either placebo ring use or control (non-use) using a predetermined randomization code generated by WHO in a 2:1 ratio. Careful inspections of the vaginal and cervical epithelium were performed with a colposcope at admission and at 2-month intervals. No clinically significant lesions were detected in any center either among ring users or controls. However, a number of minor changes in appearance of the vaginal and cervical epithelium (erythema, petechiae, ecchymosis, and minor aceto-white changes) were described from the Sydney Center, some of which were present on admission and some of which were found on subsequent examination. Ten of eleven "red" changes on the cervix and vagina were noted in IVR-2 users, and only one in the controls, suggesting a contribution by the IVR-2 to minor epithelial surface changes. Five of ten resolved completely with continued ring use. There was no correlation in this study between epithelial changes and cigarette smoking or frequency of intercourse in the 14 days prior to colposcopic examination but a significant relationship between tampon use in the last 7 days and all epithelial changes (p = 0.05) and especially red changes (p = 0. 027) was noted. Red changes were significantly less likely to be found among condom users (p = 0.007). The IVR-2 placebo ring did not produce clinically significant changes in the vaginal epithelium and cervical mucosa and a carefully controlled and randomized study should be considered to compare the epithelial appearances in women using a placebo IVR-2 and one releasing 20 microg levonorgestrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weisberg
- Sydney Center for Reproductive Health Research, Family Planning NSW, NSW 2131, Ashfield, Australia, Australia.
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Archer D. Diabetic retinopathy: investigation and therapeutic strategies for the new millennium. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0275-5408(99)00079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Winguth AME, Archer D, Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U. Paleonutrient data analysis of the glacial Atlantic using an adjoint ocean general circulation model. Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm114p0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ståhl U, Lee M, Sjödahl S, Archer D, Cellini F, Ek B, Iannacone R, MacKenzie D, Semeraro L, Tramontano E, Stymme S. Plant low-molecular-weight phospholipase A2S (PLA2s) are structurally related to the animal secretory PLA2s and are present as a family of isoforms in rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41:481-490. [PMID: 10608658 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006323405788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we purified to homogeneity and characterized a low-molecular-weight calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from developing elm seed endosperm. This represented the first purified and characterized PLA2 from a plant tissue. The full sequences of two distinct but homologous rice (Oryza sativa) cDNAs are given here. These encode mature proteins of 1 19 amino acids (PLA2-I, preceded by a 19 amino acid signal peptide) and 128 amino acids (PLA2-II. preceded by a 25 amino acid signal peptide), and were derived from four expressed sequence tag (EST) clones. Both proteins were homologous to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the elm PLA2. They contained twelve conserved cysteine residues and sequences that are likely to represent the Ca(2+)-binding loop and active-site motif, which are characteristic of animal secretory PLA2s. A soluble PLA2s activity was purified 145 000-fold from green rice shoots. This had the same biochemical characteristics as the elm and animal secretory PLA2s. The purified rice PLA2 consisted of two proteins, with a molecular weight of 12 440 and 12 920, that had identical N-terminal amino acid sequences. This sequence was different from but homologous to the PLA2-I and PLA2-II sequences. Taken together, the results suggest that at least three different low-molecular-weight PLA2s are expressed in green rice shoots. Southern blot analysis suggested that multiple copies of such genes are likely to occur in the rice and in other plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ståhl
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
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Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine plus NSAIDs provides satisfactory analgesia post-Cesarean section with fewer side effects than 0.25 mg intrathecal morphine. METHODS Sixty women, scheduled for elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were randomized to receive either 0.1 mg or 0.25 mg intrathecal morphine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% and 20 microg fentanyl. All patients received a 100 mg indomethacin suppository at the end of surgery and 500 mg naproxen p.o. b.i.d. was started the evening of surgery and continued until discharge. A blinded researcher recorded the pain, pruritus, and nausea scores, the time to first request for additional analgesics, a visual analogue scale (VAS) satisfaction score, and the use of additional opioids, antipruritics, and/or antiemetics. RESULTS Of the 60 patients enrolled, two were not included in the data analysis because of protocol violations leaving 30 patients in the 0.1 mg group and 28 in the 0.25 mg group. There were no differences in the VAS pain scores or the number of women requesting an opioid other than codeine between the two groups. The VAS pruritus scores in the 0.1 mg group were lower throughout the 24 hr (P < 0.001). Fewer women in the 0.1 mg group (4/30 vs 12/28) requested nalbuphine to treat itching (P = 0.018). Nausea scores were lower in the 0.1 mg group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The use of 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine plus NSAIDs provides analgesia of similar quality to 0.25 mg but with fewer undesirable side effects following Cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Foothills Hospital, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Kleypas JA, Buddemeier RW, Archer D, Gattuso JP, Langdon C, Opdyke BN. Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 1999; 284:118-20. [PMID: 10102806 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5411.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A coral reef represents the net accumulation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced by corals and other calcifying organisms. If calcification declines, then reef-building capacity also declines. Coral reef calcification depends on the saturation state of the carbonate mineral aragonite of surface waters. By the middle of the next century, an increased concentration of carbon dioxide will decrease the aragonite saturation state in the tropics by 30 percent and biogenic aragonite precipitation by 14 to 30 percent. Coral reefs are particularly threatened, because reef-building organisms secrete metastable forms of CaCO3, but the biogeochemical consequences on other calcifying marine ecosystems may be equally severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Kleypas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA. Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Observatoire Oceanolo
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Archer D. Medicare choices. Caring 1998; 17:20-2. [PMID: 10182729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
There are new choices for Medicare beneficiaries, and individuals may be confused about what is available to them. Home care providers who understand these choices can be valuable resources to clients as well as to colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archer
- Medical Rights Center, New York, NY, USA
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