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Mallick S, Choi Y, Taylor AM, Cosper PF. Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers. Viruses 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38675844 PMCID: PMC11053578 DOI: 10.3390/v16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content differing from a multiple of the haploid. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of squamous cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have well-known roles in carcinogenesis, but additional genomic events, such as CIN and aneuploidy, are often required for tumor formation. HPV+ squamous cancers have an increased frequency of specific types of CIN, including polar chromosomes. CIN leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) specific to HPV+ cancers, which are distinct from HPV- cancers. HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy may have implications for prognosis and therapeutic response and may provide insight into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we review HPV-specific types of CIN and patterns of aneuploidy in squamous cancers, as well as how this impacts patient prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yeseo Choi
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pippa F. Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhou J, Ramadurai DKA, Mortenson KL, Aguilera-Jimenez E, Yan Y, Yang X, Taylor AM, Varley KE, Gertz J, Choi PS, Cherniack AD, Chen X, Bass AJ, Bailey SD, Zhang X. A predominant enhancer co-amplified with the SOX2 oncogene is necessary and sufficient for its expression in squamous cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7139. [PMID: 34880227 PMCID: PMC8654995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of the SOX2 oncogene represent a hallmark of squamous cancers originating from diverse tissue types. Here, we find that squamous cancers selectively amplify a 3' noncoding region together with SOX2, which harbors squamous cancer-specific chromatin accessible regions. We identify a single enhancer e1 that predominantly drives SOX2 expression. Repression of e1 in SOX2-high cells causes collapse of the surrounding enhancers, remarkable reduction in SOX2 expression, and a global transcriptional change reminiscent of SOX2 knockout. The e1 enhancer is driven by a combination of transcription factors including SOX2 itself and the AP-1 complex, which facilitates recruitment of the co-activator BRD4. CRISPR-mediated activation of e1 in SOX2-low cells is sufficient to rebuild the e1-SOX2 loop and activate SOX2 expression. Our study shows that squamous cancers selectively amplify a predominant enhancer to drive SOX2 overexpression, uncovering functional links among enhancer activation, chromatin looping, and lineage-specific copy number amplifications of oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dinesh K A Ramadurai
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katelyn L Mortenson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Estrella Aguilera-Jimenez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yifei Yan
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine E Varley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter S Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Departments of Surgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most commonly cited mechanism for cancer metastasis, but it is difficult to distinguish from profiles of normal stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. In this study we use published single cell RNA-seq data to directly compare mesenchymal signatures from cancer and stromal cells. Informed by these comparisons, we developed a computational framework to decouple these two sources of mesenchymal expression profiles using bulk RNA-seq datasets. This deconvolution offers the opportunity to characterise EMT across hundreds of tumours and examine its association with metastasis and other clinical features. With this approach, we find three distinct patterns of EMT, associated with squamous, gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer types. Surprisingly, in most cancer types, EMT patterns are not associated with increased chance of metastasis, suggesting that other steps in the metastatic cascade may represent the main bottleneck. This work provides a comprehensive evaluation of EMT profiles and their functional significance across hundreds of tumours while circumventing the confounding effect of stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tyler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Kono T, Hoover P, Poropatich K, Paunesku T, Mittal BB, Samant S, Laimins LA. Activation of DNA damage repair factors in HPV positive oropharyngeal cancers. Virology 2020; 547:27-34. [PMID: 32560902 PMCID: PMC7333731 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating viral pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) are not well understood. In the cervix, activation of DNA damage repair pathways is critical for viral replication but little is known about their role in OPSCC. APOBEC factors have been shown to be increased in OPSCC but the significance of this is unclear. We therefore examined activation of DNA damage and APOBEC factors in HPV-induced OPSCC. Our studies show significantly increased levels of pCHK1, FANCD2, BRCA1, RAD51, pSMC1 and γH2AX foci in HPV-positive samples as compared to HPV-negative while the ATM effector kinase, pCHK2, was not increased. Similar differences were observed when the levels of proteins were examined in OPSCC cell lines. In contrast, the levels of APOBEC3B and 3A were found to be similar in both HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC. Our studies suggest members of ATR pathway and FANCD2 may be important in HPV-induced OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Kono
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paul Hoover
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Bharat B Mittal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sandeep Samant
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laimonis A Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Shen ED, Zeng Q. Inhibition of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway increases radiation sensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:474-485. [PMID: 31271505 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is the primary treatment for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of this study is to identify the effect of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway on radiation sensitivity in human NPC cells. NPC tissues and normal nasopharyngeal tissues were collected. To evaluate the regulatory effects of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway, NPC cells were subjected to radiotherapy and various doses of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway inhibitor gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI). Next, the expression of Notch and Numb proteins was determined in NPC tissues and normal nasopharyngeal tissues, and the correlation of Notch and Numb protein expression with the clinicopathological features of NPC tissues was analyzed. Then, the effect of radiotherapy on NPC cell survival rate, survival fraction, apoptosis rate, proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as Numb/Notch signaling pathway-related molecules was detected. The results demonstrated that the Numb/Notch signaling pathway was activated in NPC tissues. Following treatment with radiotherapy and GSI, the Numb/Notch signaling pathway was inhibited. In addition, the NPC cell survival rate, survival fraction, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were decreased, whereas the colony number and apoptosis rate were increased. Following radiotherapy and GSI treatment, Numb expression was increased, whereas Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, and c-Myc expression was decreased. However, the greatest difference was noted upon treatment with radiotherapy +15 μM GSI. The results reported in this study suggest that a high dose of the inhibitor of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway GSI increased the radiation sensitivity in human NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Dong Shen
- Department of Oncology (The 3rd Ward), The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, China
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Kamaruddin MF, Hossain MZ, Mohamed Alabsi A, Mohd Bakri M. The Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Capsaicin on an Oral Squamous Cancer Cell Line of Asian Origin, ORL-48. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070322. [PMID: 31261824 PMCID: PMC6681303 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The antitumor activities of capsaicin on various types of cancer cell lines have been reported but the effect of capsaicin on oral cancer, which is prevalent among Asians, are very limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on ORL-48, an oral cancer cell line of Asian origin. Materials and Methods: Morphological changes of the ORL-48 cells treated with capsaicin were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic-inducing activity of capsaicin was further confirmed by Annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate / Propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) staining using flow cytometry. In order to establish the pathway of apoptosis triggered by the compound on ORL-48 cells, caspase activity was determined and the mitochondrial pathway was verified by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay. Cell cycle analysis was also performed to identify the cell cycle phase of ORL-48 cells being inhibited by the capsaicin compound. Results: Fluorescence microscopy exhibited the presence of apoptotic features in capsaicin-treated ORL-48 cells. Apoptosis of capsaicin-treated ORL-48 cells revealed disruption of the mitochondrial-membrane potential, activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9 through an intrinsic apoptotic pathway and subsequently, apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest occurred in the G1-phase, confirming antiproliferative effect of capsaicin in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that capsaicin is cytotoxic against ORL-48 cells and induces apoptosis in ORL-48 cells possibly through mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway resulting in cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firdaus Kamaruddin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Aied Mohamed Alabsi
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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7
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McDermott DH, Pastrana DV, Calvo KR, Pittaluga S, Velez D, Cho E, Liu Q, Trout HH, Neves JF, Gardner PJ, Bianchi DA, Blair EA, Landon EM, Silva SL, Buck CB, Murphy PM. Plerixafor for the Treatment of WHIM Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:163-170. [PMID: 30625055 PMCID: PMC6425947 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1808575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis), a primary immunodeficiency disorder involving panleukopenia, is caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Myelokathexis is neutropenia caused by neutrophil retention in bone marrow. Patients with WHIM syndrome are often treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which can increase neutrophil counts but does not affect cytopenias other than neutropenia. In this investigator-initiated, open-label study, three severely affected patients with WHIM syndrome who could not receive G-CSF were treated with low-dose plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, for 19 to 52 months. Myelofibrosis, panleukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were ameliorated, the wart burden and frequency of infection declined, human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma stabilized, and quality of life improved markedly. Adverse events were mainly infections attributable to the underlying immunodeficiency. One patient died from complications of elective reconstructive surgery. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- David H McDermott
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Diana V Pastrana
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Daniel Velez
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Elena Cho
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Qian Liu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Hugh H Trout
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - João F Neves
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Pamela J Gardner
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - David A Bianchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Elizabeth A Blair
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Emily M Landon
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Susana L Silva
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Christopher B Buck
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
| | - Philip M Murphy
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (D.H.M., D.V., E.C., Q.L., P.M.M.), the Laboratories of Cellular Oncology (D.V.P., C.B.B.) and Pathology (S.P.), National Cancer Institute, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center (K.R.C.), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P.J.G.), and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (D.A.B.), National Institutes of Health, and Kozloff and Trout MDs (H.H.T.), Bethesda, MD; the Infectious Diseases Unit and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Pediatric University Hospital (J.F.N.), and Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Academic Medical Center of Lisbon (S.L.S.), Lisbon, Portugal; and the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (E.A.B., E.M.L.)
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8
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Siano M, Molinari F, Martin V, Mach N, Früh M, Freguia S, Corradino I, Ghielmini M, Frattini M, Espeli V. Multicenter Phase II Study of Panitumumab in Platinum Pretreated, Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer. Oncologist 2017; 22:782-e70. [PMID: 28592616 PMCID: PMC5507653 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. Panitumumab shows activity in terms of disease control rate and preventing disease progression but not for tumor shrinkage in head and neck squamous cell cancer for second‐line treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) copy number gain, a property of tumor cells that theoretically could identify patients more likely to experience disease response, was common among patients having disease control. Our trial, given the lower toxicity with an every‐2‐week schedule, provides guidance for future trials, for example, in combinations of immune therapies and anti‐EGFR‐antibodies.
Background. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of panitumumab (anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] antibody) given as a single agent in platinum‐pretreated head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Methods. Patients with advanced HNSCC previously treated with platinum‐containing therapy were included. Panitumumab was administered intravenously every 2 weeks at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1; secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and safety. A Simon's two‐step design was chosen; 4 partial remissions (PR) in the first 32 patients were required for continuing to step two. An exploratory biomarker analysis was performed. Results. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled. Two patients obtained a PR for an ORR of 6%, and 15 (45%) showed stable disease (SD) for at least 2 months, resulting in a 51% disease control rate. Median PFS was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–3.7), while median OS was 9.7 months (95% CI: 6.3–17.2). The most frequent adverse drug reactions were cutaneous rash (64%) and hypomagnesemia (55%). Overall, 30% of patients experienced grade 3/4 adverse events. No infusion‐related reactions occurred. EGFR copy number gain (CNG) was more frequent in patients who benefitted from panitumumab. Two uncommon KRAS mutations (G48E, T50I) and 3 canonical PIK3CA mutations (all E545K) were detected. High‐risk HPV16 was found in 10 patients and EGFR CNG in 13 treated patients. EGFR CNG seems to be more frequent in individuals with at least SD compared with patients with progressive disease (59% vs. 30%). PFS for patients with EGFR CNG was 4.6 months (95% CI: 1.0–9.2 months) and 1.9 months (95% CI: 1.0–3.2 months) for patients without CNG (p = .02). Conclusion. Panitumumab monotherapy in pretreated HNSCC patients was well tolerated but moderately active. We observed a considerable disease control rate. Future strategies with this agent comprise right patient selection through the identification of reliable biomarkers and gene signatures predicting response and, considering good tolerability and convenience, combination strategies with novel agents and immune therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Siano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Molinari
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Vittoria Martin
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mach
- Clinical Research Unit of the Dr. Henri Dubois-Ferrière, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Freguia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Irene Corradino
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michele Ghielmini
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, San Giovanni Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Milo Frattini
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Vittoria Espeli
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, San Giovanni Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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9
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Kubo Y. [I. Molecular Carcinogenesis of the Skin - An Update]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2017; 44:299-301. [PMID: 28428509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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10
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Grimm C, Six L, Tomovski C, Speiser P, Joura E, Zeillinger R, Sliutz G, Reinthaller A, Hefler LA. A Common Interleukin-6 Promoter Polymorphism in Patients With Vulvar Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:617-20. [PMID: 16198606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides its important role in immune response and inflammatory processes the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is crucially involved in carcinogenesis. A common polymorphism within the gene encoding IL-6 (IL6) is known to alter IL-6 protein expression and has been associated with patients' prognosis in various malignancies. No data are available with respect to vulvar cancer. Therefore, we determined the prognostic potential of the common -174(G-->C) single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of IL6 in a series of patients with this disease. METHODS The IL6 promoter polymorphism was investigated in 81 Caucasian patients with surgically treated squamous cell vulvar cancer using pyrosequencing. Results were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS No association was ascertained between the IL6 promoter polymorphism and the investigated clinicopathologic parameters, ie, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, tumor grade, and patient's age at diagnosis. In an univariate analysis, lymph node involvement and patients' age at diagnosis were associated with patient prognosis. In a multivariate analysis, including tumor stage and lymph node involvement as established prognostic factors and the IL6 promoter polymorphism, lymph node involvement, and the presence of at least one mutant allele, but not tumor stage, were associated with increased disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the IL6 -174(G-->C) promoter polymorphism might serve as an additional prognostic parameter in patients with vulvar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grimm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Mays AC, Chou J, Craddock AL, Miller L, Browne JD. Gene Variability Between Perineural-positive and Perineural-negative Squamous Cell Skin Cancers. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:4007-4011. [PMID: 27466506 PMCID: PMC6746152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between perineural invasion-positive (PP) and -negative (PN) cutaneous squamous cell cancers (CSCC). MATERIALS/METHODS Forty CSCC samples with and without perineural invasion were processed for RNA isolation and hybridization to Affymetrix-U219 DNA microarrays. Raw gene expression data were normalized by Robust Multi-array Averaging (RMA) and log2 transformed. Gene expression-based classification models were created and accuracies evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. RESULTS At a stringent limma p-value (p<0.001), 24 genes were differentially expressed between PP and PN samples. The cross-validated performance of the eight classification models exhibited a mean accuracy of 85-95%. Diagonal linear discriminant was most accurate at 95%, followed by Bayesian compound covariate at 94%. The poorest accuracy (85%) was observed for 1-Nearest neighbor and Support vector machines. CONCLUSION Gene expression may distinguish between PP and PN CSCC. Understanding these gene patterns may potentiate more timely diagnosis of perineural invasion and guide comprehensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Mays
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, U.S.A.
| | - Jeff Chou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - Ann L Craddock
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - Lance Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - James D Browne
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, U.S.A
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12
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Chandra J, Miao Y, Romoff N, Frazer IH. Epithelium Expressing the E7 Oncoprotein of HPV16 Attracts Immune-Modulatory Dendritic Cells to the Skin and Suppresses Their Antigen-Processing Capacity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152886. [PMID: 27031095 PMCID: PMC4816461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in skin can promote either antigen-specific effector functions or antigen tolerance, and thus determine clearance or persistence of cutaneous viral infections. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can persist in squamous epithelium in immunocompetent individuals, and some persisting HPV infections, particularly with HPV16, promote malignant epithelial transformation. Here, we investigate whether local expression of the HPV16 protein most associated with malignant transformation, HPV16-E7, affects the phenotype and function of APC subsets in the skin. We demonstrate an expanded population of Langerhans cells in HPV16-E7 transgenic skin with distinct cell surface markers which express immune-modulatory enzymes and cytokines not expressed by cells from non transgenic skin. Furthermore, HPV16-E7 transgene expression in keratinocytes attracts new APC subsets to the epidermis. In vivo migration and transport of antigen to the draining lymph node by these APCs is markedly enhanced in HPV16-E7 expressing skin, whereas antigen-processing, as measured by proteolytic cleavage of DQ-OVA and activation of T cells in vivo by APCs, is significantly impaired. These data suggest that local expression of HPV16-E7 in keratinocytes can contribute to persisting infection with this oncogenic virus, by altering the phenotype and function of local APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Chandra
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Yan Miao
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Natasha Romoff
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Ying J, Lin C, Wu J, Guo L, Qiu T, Ling Y, Shan L, Zhou H, Zhao D, Wang J, Liang J, Zhao J, Jiao Y, Lu N, Zhao H. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement in Digestive Tract Cancer: Implication for Targeted Therapy in Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144731. [PMID: 26678488 PMCID: PMC4683076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements define a subgroup of lung cancer which is eligible to targeted kinase inhibition. The aim of this study is to observe the incidence rate of ALK fusion in a large cohort of Chinese digestive tract cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 808 digestive tract cancer cases, including 169 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 182 gastric cancer and 457 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. We tested all cases for ALK expression via a fully automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The IHC-positive cases were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), target gene enrichment and sequencing for confirmation of ALK gene rearrangement and discovery of novel fusion partner. RESULTS Among the tested cases, 2 (0.44%) CRC cases showed positive both by IHC and FISH. By qRT-PCR, EML4-ALK fusion was found in one IHC-positive CRC case. In another IHC-positive CRC case, target gene enrichment and sequencing revealed ALK was fused to a novel partner, spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1). One gastric cancer case showed partially positive IHC result, but no fusion was found by FISH and gene sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of ALK gene fusion in Chinese CRC patients was 0.44%,but not detectable in gastric and esophageal cancers. The novel SPTBN1 -ALK fusion, together with other ALK fusion genes, may become a potential target for anti-ALK therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianwei Liang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (NL); (YCJ)
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (NL); (YCJ)
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (NL); (YCJ)
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14
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Takahashi K, Nakajima K, Shino M, Toyoda M, Takayasu Y, Chikamatsu K. [Prediction of Post-operative Lymph Node Metastasis with a Molecular Biological Test in Head and Neck Cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 118:135-9. [PMID: 26336794 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We assessed herein the post-operative lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer, using the One-step nucleotide amplification (OSNA) method targeting matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7). Compared with the pathological test, the molecular biological test revealed more lymph node metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis. Six cases, of which the number of lymph node metastasis was the same between pathological and molecular biological test, survived. On the other hand, three of four cases, in which number of lymph node metastasis in the molecular biological test were larger than the pathological test, died from metastasis. We concluded that the pathological test underestimated metastasis, and OSNA with MMP-7 was useful for the prediction of post-operative lymph node metastasis.
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15
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Berg J, Fjellbirkeland L, Suhrke P, Jebsen P, Lund-Iversen M, Kleinberg L, Helgeland L, Brustugun OT, Helland Å. EGFR mutation testing of lung cancer patients - Experiences from Vestfold Hospital Trust. Acta Oncol 2015; 55:149-55. [PMID: 26313507 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1062537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced stage lung cancer and somatic mutations in the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are currently treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. The Norwegian Lung Cancer Group (NLCG) recommended EGFR testing of all patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) from June 2010. From March 2013, testing of squamous cell carcinomas was terminated. We have analysed how these recommendation were followed at a medium-sized Norwegian hospital and we present data on mutation frequency, retesting and possible explanations for missing test results. MATERIAL AND METHODS All pathology reports for patients diagnosed with NSCLC at Vestfold Hospital Trust were examined for the period June 2010 to December 2013. Mutation analyses were done at the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital. RESULTS Material was sent for EGFR analysis for 256 of the 304 eligible patients diagnosed in the period. Material from 48 patients was never sent for EGFR testing, of which five samples consisted of too few tumour cells. For the rest, no obvious reason for omitting EGFR mutation analyses was identified. During the first six months of our study period, material from 25 of 66 NSCLC patients (38%) was not tested, whereas only six of the 118 patients (5%) in 2013 were not tested. For 34 patients, the first tissue specimen contained too few tumour cells and a new sample was sent for EGFR analyses for 11 of these. EGFR mutation was detected in 7.1% of the analysed NSCLC and in 9.4% of adenocarcinomas. DISCUSSION Especially for patients with advanced stages of NSCLC, EGFR mutation status is necessary for treatment stratification. Our results show that the guidelines were followed increasingly over time for patients diagnosed with NSCLC at the Vestfold Hospital Trust. The establishment of interdisciplinary meetings has improved the diagnostic routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Berg
- a Department of Medicine , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | - Lars Fjellbirkeland
- b Department of Pulmonology , Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Pål Suhrke
- c Department of Pathology , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | - Peter Jebsen
- d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | | | - Lilach Kleinberg
- d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Lars Helgeland
- e Department of Pathology , Haukeland Universitetssykehus , Haukeland , Norway
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- f Department of Genetics/Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- f Department of Genetics/Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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16
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Loginov VI, Dmitriev AA, Senchenko VN, Pronina IV, Khodyrev DS, Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, Gerashchenko GV, Chashchina LI, Kazubskaya TP, Kondratieva TT, Lerman MI, Angeloni D, Braga EA, Kashuba VI. Tumor Suppressor Function of the SEMA3B Gene in Human Lung and Renal Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123369. [PMID: 25961819 PMCID: PMC4427300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SEMA3B gene is located in the 3p21.3 LUCA region, which is frequently affected in different types of cancer. The objective of our study was to expand our knowledge of the SEMA3B gene as a tumor suppressor and the mechanisms of its inactivation. In this study, several experimental approaches were used: tumor growth analyses and apoptosis assays in vitro and in SCID mice, expression and methylation assays and other. With the use of the small cell lung cancer cell line U2020 we confirmed the function of SEMA3B as a tumor suppressor, and showed that the suppression can be realized through the induction of apoptosis and, possibly, associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis. In addition, for the first time, high methylation frequencies have been observed in both intronic (32-39%) and promoter (44-52%) CpG-islands in 38 non-small cell lung carcinomas, including 16 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 22 adenocarcinomas (ADC), and in 83 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Correlations between the methylation frequencies of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands of SEMA3B with tumor stage and grade have been revealed for SCC, ADC and ccRCC. The association between the decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level and hypermethylation of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands has been estimated in renal primary tumors (P < 0.01). Using qPCR, we observed on the average 10- and 14-fold decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level in SCC and ADC, respectively, and a 4-fold decrease in ccRCC. The frequency of this effect was high in both lung (92-95%) and renal (84%) tumor samples. Moreover, we showed a clear difference (P < 0.05) of the SEMA3B relative mRNA levels in ADC with and without lymph node metastases. We conclude that aberrant expression and methylation of SEMA3B could be suggested as markers of lung and renal cancer progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Semaphorins/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Loginov
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera N. Senchenko
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Khodyrev
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna V. Gerashchenko
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Larisa I. Chashchina
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana P. Kazubskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana T. Kondratieva
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Debora Angeloni
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora A. Braga
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Post Genomic Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kashuba
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Hernández-Sotelo D, García-Aguilar R, Castro-Coronel Y, Magaña JJ, Leyva-Vazquez MA, Alarcón-Romero LDC, López-Bayghen E, Illades-Aguiar B. The 46359CT polymorphism of DNMT3B is associated with the risk of cervical cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4275-80. [PMID: 23677709 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal methylation is related to cancer development. Since DNMT3B is an enzyme that modulates genomic methylation, we hypothesized that genetic variants of the promoter DNMT3B may be associated with an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between -579GT and 46359CT polymorphisms of DNMT3B and cervical cancer, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Samples from 200 healthy women and 130 women with squamous intraepithelial lesions (70 with cervical cancer, 30 with HSIL, and 30 with LSIL) were analyzed. Polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The -579GT polymorphism was not associated with cervical cancer, HSIL, or LSIL. The CT genotype of 46359CT polymorphism was significantly associated with cervical cancer risk (OR 8.75, CI 1.27-374.1), whereas the TT genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of HSIL (OR 0.66, CI 0.01-0.32) and LSIL (OR 0.11, CI 0.026-0.45). Our results suggest that genotyping the 46359CT polymorphism in DNMT3B may help identify women who are genetically susceptible to cervical cancer development. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Chilpancingo, Guerrero Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas, C.P. 39090, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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18
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Karadayi N, Gecer M, Kayahan S, Yamuc E, Onak NK, Korkmaz T, Yavuzer D. Association between human papillomavirus and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:597. [PMID: 23797769 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Karadayi
- Pathology Department, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital, Cevizli, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer have the squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) histological subtype. Although targeted therapies have improved outcomes in patients with adenocarcinoma, no agents are currently approved specifically for use in SQCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) recently published the results of comprehensive genomic analyses of tumor samples from 178 patients with SQCC of the lung. In this review, we briefly discuss key molecular aberrations reported by TCGA and other investigators and their potential therapeutic implications. Carefully designed preclinical and clinical studies based on these large-scale genomic analyses are critical to improve the outcomes of patients with SQCC of lung in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rooney
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63021, USA
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20
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Hernandez JM, Siegel EM, Riggs B, Eschrich S, Elahi A, Qu X, Ajidahun A, Berglund A, Coppola D, Grady WM, Giuliano AR, Shibata D. DNA methylation profiling across the spectrum of HPV-associated anal squamous neoplasia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50533. [PMID: 23226306 PMCID: PMC3511539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in host tumor genome DNA methylation patterns are among the molecular alterations associated with HPV-related carcinogenesis. However, there is little known about the epigenetic changes associated specifically with the development of anal squamous cell cancer (SCC). We sought to characterize broad methylation profiles across the spectrum of anal squamous neoplasia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Twenty-nine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from 24 patients were evaluated and included adjacent histologically normal anal mucosa (NM; n = 3), SCC-in situ (SCC-IS; n = 11) and invasive SCC (n = 15). Thirteen women and 11 men with a median age of 44 years (range 26-81) were included in the study. Using the SFP(10) LiPA HPV-typing system, HPV was detected in at least one tissue from all patients with 93% (27/29) being positive for high-risk HPV types and 14 (93%) of 15 invasive SCC tissues testing positive for HPV 16. Bisulfite-modified DNA was interrogated for methylation at 1,505 CpG loci representing 807 genes using the Illumina GoldenGate Methylation Array. When comparing the progression from normal anal mucosa and SCC-IS to invasive SCC, 22 CpG loci representing 20 genes demonstrated significant differential methylation (p<0.01). The majority of differentially methylated gene targets occurred at or close to specific chromosomal locations such as previously described HPV methylation "hotspots" and viral integration sites. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a panel of differentially methlylated CpG loci across the spectrum of HPV-associated squamous neoplasia of the anus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of large-scale high throughput methylation analysis for the study of anal neoplasia. Our findings support further investigations into the role of host-genome methylation in HPV-associated anal carcinogenesis with implications towards enhanced diagnosis and screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Hernandez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bridget Riggs
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - William M. Grady
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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21
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Avgoustidis D, Nisyrios T, Nkenke E, Lijnen R, Ragos V, Perrea D, Donta I, Vaena A, Yapijakis C, Vairaktaris E. Oral carcinogenesis is not achieved in different carcinogen-treated PAI-1 transgenic and wild-type mouse models. In Vivo 2012; 26:1001-1005. [PMID: 23160684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM In an effort to assess the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in oral squamous cancer development and progression, two different carcinogen treatment protocols were conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protocol I included mice from a PAI-1 transgenic (Tg) breed (n=56) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (n=56), divided into one control group and two main experimental groups, treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. Protocol II included the same number and types of animals and groups, which were similarly treated with 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) in drinking water. Two drugs that affect plasma PAI-1 levels, enalapril and pravastatin, were administered to certain subgroups of animals in both protocols. RESULTS None of the animals developed macroscopically-visible oral cancer lesions. Eleven animals under Protocol I and 52 animals under Protocol II died. Skin lesions were noted only in DMBA-treated animals (n=9). Almost all animals administered with 4-NQO developed alopecia and lost weight, while two of them developed stomach tumours, and one female mouse developed a large ovarian cyst. CONCLUSION Transgenic mice may respond differently when used in well-established carcinogen models and oral carcinogenesis is hard to achieve in these rodents.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide/toxicity
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Enalapril/administration & dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Pravastatin/administration & dosage
- Serpin E2/blood
- Serpin E2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Avgoustidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
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22
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Thafeni MA, Sayed Y, Motadi LR. Euphorbia mauritanica and Kedrostis hirtella extracts can induce anti-proliferative activities in lung cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10785-94. [PMID: 23086267 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem in the world accounting for most of the deaths. Currently, common treatment of cancer such as chemotherapy works by killing fast-growing cancer cells. Unfortunately, chemotherapy cannot tell the difference between cancer cells and fast-growing healthy cells, including red and white blood cells. As a result, one of the most serious potential side effects of some types of chemotherapy is a low white blood cell count that makes it unreliable (Parkin et al. [34]; Pauk et al. [3]). Even though intense research has been going on in recent years, successful therapeutic targets against this disease have been elusive. In this study, we evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of Euphorbia mauritanica and Kedrostis hirtella in lung cancer. In our assessment it was observed that E. mauritanica and K. hirtella were able to induce cell death at 5 μg/ml in A549 cells over 22 h and at 10 μg/ml over 24 h in the Lqr1 cell line. Molecular analysis of DNA fragmentation and Annexin V were used to examine the type of cell death induced by E. mauritanica and K. hirtella extracts. These results showed an increase in necrotic and apoptotic characteristics with both nuclear DNA fragmentation and smear. Therefore, these results suggest that E. mauritanica and K. hirtella may play a role in inducing cell death in lung cancer cells. However, further studies need to be conducted to ascertain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhosazana A Thafeni
- Apoptosis and Cancer Genetic Laboratory, School of Molecular Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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23
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Chen YB, Shu J, Yang WT, Shi L, Guo XF, Wang FG, Qian YY. XAF1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in squamous cell lung cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011; 124:3238-3243. [PMID: 22088514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a new tumor suppressor. Low expression of XAF1 is associated with poor prognosis of human cancers. However, the effect of XAF1 on lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of XAF1 and its role in squamous cell lung cancer. METHODS Cancer tissues, cancer adjacent tissues and normal lung tissues were collected from 51 cases of squamous cell lung cancer. The expression of XAF1 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of XAF1 protein was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Ad5/F35-XAF1 virus was generated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and flow cytometry (FACS), respectively. RESULTS The levels of XAF1 protein and mRNA in cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in cancer adjacent and normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). The low expression of XAF1 was associated with tumor grade, disease stage, differentiation status and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell lung cancer patients. The restoration of XAF1 expression mediated by Ad5/F35-XAF1 virus significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION XAF1 is a valuable prognostic marker in squamous cell lung cancer and may be a potential candidate gene for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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24
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Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Kryukov GV, Lawrence M, Sougnez C, McKenna A, Shefler E, Ramos AH, Stojanov P, Carter SL, Voet D, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Berger MF, Saksena G, Guiducci C, Onofrio R, Parkin M, Romkes M, Weissfeld JL, Seethala RR, Wang L, Rangel-Escareño C, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Melendez-Zajgla J, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Lander ES, Getz G, Golub TR, Garraway LA, Grandis JR. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Science 2011; 333:1157-60. [PMID: 21798893 PMCID: PMC3415217 DOI: 10.1126/science.1208130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1884] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy. To uncover its mutational spectrum, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 74 tumor-normal pairs. The majority exhibited a mutational profile consistent with tobacco exposure; human papillomavirus was detectable by sequencing DNA from infected tumors. In addition to identifying previously known HNSCC genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, PIK3CA, and HRAS), our analysis revealed many genes not previously implicated in this malignancy. At least 30% of cases harbored mutations in genes that regulate squamous differentiation (for example, NOTCH1, IRF6, and TP63), implicating its dysregulation as a major driver of HNSCC carcinogenesis. More generally, the results indicate the ability of large-scale sequencing to reveal fundamental tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stransky
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aaron D. Tward
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory V. Kryukov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Lawrence
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica Shefler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex H. Ramos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott L. Carter
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria L Cortés
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Gordon Saksena
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Candace Guiducci
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert Onofrio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Parkin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marjorie Romkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Joel L. Weissfeld
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Raja R. Seethala
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Winckler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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25
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Agrawal N, Frederick MJ, Pickering CR, Bettegowda C, Chang K, Li RJ, Fakhry C, Xie TX, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang N, El-Naggar AK, Jasser SA, Weinstein JN, Treviño L, Drummond JA, Muzny DM, Wu Y, Wood LD, Hruban RH, Westra WH, Koch WM, Califano JA, Gibbs RA, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Velculescu VE, Papadopoulos N, Wheeler DA, Kinzler KW, Myers JN. Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1. Science 2011; 333:1154-7. [PMID: 21798897 PMCID: PMC3162986 DOI: 10.1126/science.1206923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1318] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To explore the genetic origins of this cancer, we used whole-exome sequencing and gene copy number analyses to study 32 primary tumors. Tumors from patients with a history of tobacco use had more mutations than did tumors from patients who did not use tobacco, and tumors that were negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) had more mutations than did HPV-positive tumors. Six of the genes that were mutated in multiple tumors were assessed in up to 88 additional HNSCCs. In addition to previously described mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, and HRAS, we identified mutations in FBXW7 and NOTCH1. Nearly 40% of the 28 mutations identified in NOTCH1 were predicted to truncate the gene product, suggesting that NOTCH1 may function as a tumor suppressor gene rather than an oncogene in this tumor type.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/virology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Codon, Nonsense
- Exons
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7
- Gene Dosage
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, p53
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
- Humans
- INDEL Mutation
- Mutation
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/virology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogenes
- Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Receptor, Notch1/chemistry
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Smoking
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Nicotiana
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Frederick
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kyle Chang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan J. Li
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tong-Xin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nianxiang Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samar A. Jasser
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John N. Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Treviño
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura D. Wood
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wayne M. Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - David A. Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Kinzler
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bran G, Götte K, Riedel K, Hörmann K, Riedel F. IL-6 antisense-mediated growth inhibition in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. In Vivo 2011; 25:579-584. [PMID: 21708999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth of tumor cells can be regulated by a variety of cytokines. To investigate the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer and explore a new therapeutic approach for the carcinoma, the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the growth of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line was examined. Whether or not IL-6 is increased in HNSCC and whether or not IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide treatment could decrease proliferation and angiogenic activity of HNSCC cell lines, was determined. Established human HNSCC cell lines were screened for IL-6 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. By using a 15-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeting a sequence in the second exon of the IL-6 gene, modulation of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was examined in UMSCC IIA in cell supernatants by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in cell lysates by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, cell growth was determined by cell count. Endothelial cell migration was measured using a modified Boyden chamber. IL-6 was identified in the supernatant of the cell culture medium, indicating that these cells secreted IL-6, and the mRNAs of IL-6 were shown to be present in the cell lysates. IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IL-6 protein expression compared to the sense control. The antisense oligonucleotides targeting IL-6 mRNA, also, inhibited cell growth and IL-6 production as well as VEGF expression. The addition of conditioned medium from IL-6 antisense-treated tumor cells resulted in decreased endothelial cell migration and tubule formation. Taken together, these findings indicate that endogenous IL-6 plays an important role in the growth of HNSCC and exerts its action by an autocrine growth mechanism, and that therapeutic trials with antisense oligonucleotides targeted to IL-6 mRNA may have some value for the treatment of HNSCC due to a decrease of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Bran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant cause of cancer deaths worldwide, has multiple stepwise malignant evolutions. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a critical role in tumor development, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis that impact local recurrence and survival. mTOR can also act as a biomarker for personalized adjuvant therapy. In in vivo and in vitro studies, mTOR inhibitor suppresses tumor growth and sensitizes HNSCC to radiation, cytotoxic agents and epidermoid growth factor receptor inhibitors. We have reviewed the pathogenesis of HNSCC, mTOR pathway, mTOR inhibitor and the role of mTOR in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Charles Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Schmidt M, Gruensfelder P, Roller J, Hagen R. Suicide gene therapy in head and neck carcinoma cells: an in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 2011; 27:591-7. [PMID: 21305248 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of gene therapy includes the tight spatial and temporal control of transgenic expression. There are several approaches concerning the externally inducible gene promoters used for the control of suicide genes. We have tested the mifepristone-dependent system GeneSwitch to regulate the expression of a deletion mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A in the hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, FADU. The GeneSwitch system consists of two plasmids, the regulatory plasmid, pSwitch, and the pGene/V5-His plasmid, in which we cloned the toxin mutant (pGene/V5-His-ETA). We stably transfected FADU cells with pSwitch and subsequently transiently separated pSwitch clones with pGene/V5-His-ETA. We tested the inductive capacities of single pSwitch clones, the influence of experimental variations in transfection, the inductive capacities without antibiotic selection pressure, the inductive capacity after re-induction, as well as the background expression levels. In FADU cells the GeneSwitch-ETA combination worked precisely and effectively. Our in vitro study revealed that the use of toxin genes in combination with the GeneSwitch system is a promising approach for gene therapy in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Schmidt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, Würzburg, Germany.
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29
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Settheetham-Ishida W, Yuenyao P, Natphopsuk S, Settheetham D, Ishida T. Genetic risk of DNA repair gene polymorphisms (XRCC1 and XRCC3) for high risk human papillomavirus negative cervical cancer in Northeast Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:963-966. [PMID: 21790234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify risk factors other than high risk human papillomavirus infection for the development of cervical cancer, functional polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp and XRCC3 Thr241Met, were studied among Northeastern Thai women. Cases (n=111) were defined as squamous cell cervical cancer and controls (n=118) were recruited from healthy women without cervical abnormalities. The XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype significantly increased the risk for cervical cancer (OR=5.52; 95%CI=1.14-26.64; p=0.03). Among the HPV infection negative group, significantly higher risks for cervical cancer were visualized for XRCC1 399Arg/Gln (adjusted OR=3.69; 95%CI=1.04-13.06; p=0.04) and XRCC1 194Arg/Trp (adjusted OR=4.13; 95%CI=1.13-15.12; p=0.03). This study indicates that variant types of DNA repair genes play partial roles in modifying individual susceptibility to cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer is a multi-factorial disease, the contribution of DNA repair enzymes to the development of cervical cancer, if it exists may be concealed by HPV infection.
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30
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Klimczak A, Bitner J, Szemraj J. [Genes responsible for etiopathogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. Postepy Biochem 2011; 57:33-40. [PMID: 21735818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a very important cancer type, not only because of its frequent cases around the world but also because of its high mortality rate. Despite of the fact that this is a very rare cancer in Poland (around 2% of patients), we need to know more about this disease in order to find better ways to fight it. Epidemiological factors: smoking and use of psychoactive substances like alcohol and drugs, poor diet as well as changes in expression of genes may have influence on this cancer. During last years there has been a lot of researche on the role of GEAC1, which seems to play a very important role in normal and cancer cells. Perhaps the protein coded by this gene is an important part in cancer development, also being an important element in processes in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimczak
- Zakład Biochemii Medycznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Łódź
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Jin Y, Li JP, He D, Tang LY, Zee CS, Guo SZ, Zhou J, Chen JN, Shao CK. Clinical significance of human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC) amplification in cervical squamous cell lesions detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:1167-1171. [PMID: 21875260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic amplification of the human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC), located in the chromosome 3q26 region, has been documented in tumorigenesis. The present study was designed to detect hTERC amplification in cervical lesions and evaluate whether this might serve as a supportive biomarker to cytopathology or histopathology in the diagnosis of cervical lesions. METHODS Liquid-based thin-layer cytopathologic examination and detection of amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted in 130 women, along with assessment of human papillomavirus DNA, colposcopy with biopsy, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS In cytopathologic examinations, hTERC amplification rates for negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM),atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases were 0% (0/10), 4% (1/25), 20% (6/30), 77% (27/35), and 100% (10/10), respectively. The difference among abnormal cellular change groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). In histopathologic examinations, hTERC amplification rates in normal squamous cell with or without inflammatory, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), CIN 2, CIN 3 and SCC cases were 3.8% (2/52), 18.2% (6/33), 66.7% (6/9), 84.6% (22/26), 100% (10/10), respectively. There were significant differences among CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and SCC cases (P< 0.05). The hTERC amplification was more specific than HPV positivity in differentiating lowgrade from high-grade cervical disorders (specificity: 88.5% vs. 70.8%, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FISH detection of hTERC amplification could be an effective adjunct to cytopathologic or histopathologic examination for differential diagnosis of low- and high-grade cervical squamous cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nohata N, Hanazawa T, Kikkawa N, Mutallip M, Fujimura L, Yoshino H, Kawakami K, Chiyomaru T, Enokida H, Nakagawa M, Okamoto Y, Seki N. Caveolin-1 mediates tumor cell migration and invasion and its regulation by miR-133a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2011; 38:209-217. [PMID: 21109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer. Down-regulation of the miRNA miR-133a in many type of cancers, and a reduction of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion upon over-expression, suggests that miR-133a is a tumor suppressor. In this study, genome-wide gene expression analysis of HNSCC cells that over-express miR-133a showed that caveolin-1 (CAV1), a multifunctional scaffolding protein, is down-regulated, a result that was confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-133a is directly bound to CAV1 mRNA. Cancer cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited in HNSCC cells transfected with si-CAV1. Therefore, CAV1 functions as an oncogene in HNSCC. The identification of tumor suppressive miRNAs and their target genes could provide new insights into potential mechanism of HNSCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijiro Nohata
- Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Cao W, Zhang ZY, Xu Q, Sun Q, Yan M, Zhang J, Zhang P, Han ZG, Chen WT. Epigenetic silencing of MAL, a putative tumor suppressor gene, can contribute to human epithelium cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:296. [PMID: 21092172 PMCID: PMC3002926 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify new and useful candidate biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we performed a genome-wide survey and found that Myelin and lymphocyte-associated protein (MAL) was a gene that was markedly down-regulated in HNSCC. Hence, we investigated the mechanism of MAL silencing and the effects of MAL on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic potential in HNSCC. RESULTS MAL was significantly down-regulated in 91.7% of HNSCC specimens at the mRNA level as compared with adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.0004). Moreover, the relative transcript levels of the MAL gene were remarkably decreased by five-fold in nine HNSCC cell lines as compared with normal head and neck epithelium cells. MAL gene expression was restored in 44%, 67%, and 89% in HNSCC cell lines treated with TSA, 5-Aza-dC, and TSA plus 5-Aza-dC, respectively. Furthermore, bisulfate-treated DNA sequencing demonstrated that the two CpG islands (that is, M1 and M2) located in MAL promoter region were completely methylated in the HNSCC cell lines (CpG methylated ratio was more than 90%), and only one CpG island (that is, M1) was partially methylated in HNSCC tissues (CpG methylated ratio between 20% and 90%). A significant reduction in cell proliferation and a change in the cell cycle profile were also observed in MAL transfectants. Matrigel assay demonstrated that the invasiveness of HNSCC cells significantly decreased. A significant increase in the population of apoptotic cells was observed in MAL transfected cells. The exogenous expression of the MAL gene suppressed malignant phenotypes, while the cell death induced by MAL gene transfer was a result of apoptosis as demonstrated by the induction of cleavage of the poly (that is, ADP-ribose) polymerase. Additionally, tumor growth was suppressed in cells expressing MAL as compared with cells not expressing MAL. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the epigenetic inactivation of MAL, as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, can contribute to human epithelial cell carcinoma and may be served as a biomarker in HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Myelin Proteins/genetics
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Myelin and Lymphocyte-Associated Proteolipid Proteins
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proteolipids/genetics
- Proteolipids/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ze-guang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wan-tao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Xu YH, Zhang GB, Wang JM, Hu HC. B7-H3 and CD133 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and correlation with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. Saudi Med J 2010; 31:980-986. [PMID: 20844808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the expression of B7-H3 and CD133 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and lung benign lesions, and to evaluate the correlation between the 2 biomarkers and clinicopathologic features. METHODS This is a case-control study of 102 tissue specimens collected from NSCLC participants undergoing thoracic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, between January 2006 and December 2008. From the 102 patients, 25 adjacent non-cancer samples were verified pathologically as normal tissue (positive group), and 24 benign inflammatory lesion tissues were used as control (negative group). Specimens from 126 participants were stained immunohistochemically using Image-Pro Plus software, and the cell number was measured in each section. RESULTS Of the 102 specimens, 71 expressed B7-H3, and 51 expressed CD133, higher than that in benign lesions (p<0.001) or non-cancer tissues (p<0.001). B7-H3 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was significantly higher than those in adenocarcinoma (p=0.048), while CD133 expression in large cell lung carcinoma was higher than that in SCC (p=0.023). The mean number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the B7-H3-positive group was lower than that in the B7-H3-negative group (p=0.026). The mean TILs in the CD133-positive group was significantly lower than that in CD133-negative group (p=0.029). We found that CD133 was related to tumor cell differentiation degree and CD133 expression was negatively correlated with B7-H3 expression. The CD133 positive or B7-H3 negative was associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION Both CD133 and B7-H3 might induce apoptosis of TILs in NSCLC and tumor evading host immune surveillance. Either CD133 or B7-H3 might be an independent risk factor of NSCLC participants.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- B7 Antigens
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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35
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36
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Cheung PY, Deng W, Man C, Tse WW, Srivastava G, Law S, Tsao SW, Cheung ALM. Genetic alterations in a telomerase-immortalized human esophageal epithelial cell line: implications for carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:41-51. [PMID: 20092939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of viral oncoproteins disrupts cellular functions and limits the value of many existing immortalization models as models for carcinogenesis, especially for cancers without definitive viral etiology. Our newly established telomerase-immortalized human esophageal epithelial cell line, NE2-hTERT, retained nearly-diploid and non-tumorigenic characteristics, but exhibited genetic and genomic alterations commonly found in esophageal cancer, including progressive loss of the p16(INK4a) alleles, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whole-chromosome 7 gain and duplicated 5q arm. Our data also revealed a novel positive regulation of p16(INK4a) on cyclin D1. These findings probably represent early crucial events and mechanisms in esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Yan Cheung
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zou H, Thomas SM, Yan ZW, Grandis JR, Vogt A, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 gene RHBDF1 participates in GPCR-mediated transactivation of EGFR growth signals in head and neck squamous cancer cells. FASEB J 2009; 23:425-32. [PMID: 18832597 PMCID: PMC2638965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an activated oncogene in many cancers. It can be transactivated by ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We show here that a novel gene, human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1), which was recently reported to have a pivotal role in epithelial cancer cell growth in culture and in xenograft tumors, participates in the modulation of GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation. The RHBDF1 protein localizes mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Silencing the RHBDF1 gene in head and neck squamous cancer cell line 1483 cells with siRNA causes an inhibition of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) -induced phosphorylation of EGFR and EGFR-dependent signaling proteins p44/42 MAPK and AKT, accompanied by an inhibition of GRP-induced survival, proliferation, and invasion of the cells. The EGFR signaling pathway itself remains intact, however, as the cells remain responsive to exogenous EGF. In addition, RHBDF1 gene silencing disrupts GRP-stimulated secretion of EGFR ligand TGF-alpha, but not the production of latent TGF-alpha, whereas engineered overexpression of RHBDF1 markedly accelerates the secretion of TGF-alpha. These findings are consistent with the view that RHBDF1 is critically involved in a GPCR ligand-stimulated process leading to the activation of latent EGFR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafei Zou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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38
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Jiang W, Deng W, Bailey SK, Nail CD, Frost AR, Brouillette WJ, Muccio DD, Grubbs CJ, Ruppert JM, Lobo-Ruppert SM. Prevention of KLF4-mediated tumor initiation and malignant transformation by UAB30 rexinoid. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:289-98. [PMID: 19197145 PMCID: PMC2776760 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.3.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor KLF4 acts in post-mitotic epithelial cells to promote differentiation and functions in a context-dependent fashion as an oncogene. In the skin KLF4 is co-expressed with the nuclear receptors RARgamma and RXRalpha, and formation of the skin permeability barrier is a shared function of these three proteins. We utilized a KLF4-transgenic mouse model of skin cancer in combination with cultured epithelial cells to examine functional interactions between KLF4 and retinoic acid receptors. In cultured cells, activation of a conditional, KLF4-estrogen receptor fusion protein by 4-hydroxytamoxifen resulted in rapid upregulation of transcripts for nuclear receptors including RARgamma and RXRalpha. We tested retinoids in epithelial cell transformation assays, including an RAR-selective agonist (all-trans RA), an RXR-selective agonist (9-cis UAB30, rexinoid), and a pan agonist (9-cis RA). Unlike for several other genes, transformation by KLF4 was inhibited by each retinoid, implicating distinct nuclear receptor heterodimers as modulators of KLF4 transforming activity. When RXRalpha expression was suppressed by RNAi in cultured cells, transformation was promoted and the inhibitory effect of 9-cis UAB30 was attenuated. Similarly as shown for other mouse models of skin cancer, rexinoid prevented skin tumor initiation resulting from induction of KLF4 in basal keratinocytes. Rexinoid permitted KLF4 expression and KLF4-induced cell cycling, but attenuated the KLF4-induced misexpression of cytokeratin 1 in basal cells. Neoplastic lesions including hyperplasia, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma-like lesions were prevented for up to 30 days. Taken together, the results identify retinoid receptors including RXRalpha as ligand-dependent inhibitors of KLF4-mediated transformation or tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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39
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Arndt M, Brauze D, Gawecki W, Szyfter K. [Significance of Arg554Lys AHR gene polymorhism an survival of in squamous cell carcinoma laryngeal cancer in relation to tobacco smoking--preliminary study]. Przegl Lek 2009; 66:608-611. [PMID: 20301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Initiation and progression of laryngeal cancer is associated with tobacco smoking and abusing of strong alcoholic beverages. A significance of genetic factor, although not defined sufficiently yet has been raised as well. The studies were focused on an influence of AHR gene polymorphism on survival of squamous cell carcinoma laryngeal subjects. The study material was 65 archival DNA samples analyzed by RLP-PCR. The samples varying with electrophoretic mobility were DNA sequenced. In the study group 9 heterozygotic variants Arg554Lys (codon 554) were detected. One case was a carrier of two other mutations in codon: 490 (1468 A > G) and 570 (1708 G > A). Survival time, metastasis and occurrence of second primary tumors were compared in carriers of wild type and Arg554Lys variant AHR. Preliminary results indicate for a necessity of further studies as until now the study group is too small to find a conclusive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arndt
- Zakład Mutagenezy Srodowiskowej, Instytut Genetyki Człowieka PAN, Poznań.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that mediate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading or repressing target messenger RNAs (mRNA). They are about 22 nucleotides in length and regulate mRNA translation by base pairing to partially complementary sites, predominantly in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of mRNA. In this review, we discuss miRNA biogenesis and function, together with its possible involvement in oral cancer. Despite its great importance in normal cell development and diseases, a small number of studies have attempted to investigate miRNA in oral cancer. Overexpression of oncogenic miRNA may reduce protein products of tumor-suppressor genes. On the other hand, loss of tumor-suppressor miRNA expression may cause elevated levels of oncogenic protein. One or both of these alterations could represent new targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future. Many researchers have focused on genetic and epigenetic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The emergence of miRNA knowledge, and its potential interactive action with such alterations, therefore creates a new understanding of cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Gomes
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Vaĭshlia NA, Zinov'eva MV, Sass AV, Kopantsev EP, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED. [Increase of BIRC5 gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma does not correlate with expression of genes SMAC/DIABLO and PML encoding its inhibitors]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2008; 42:652-661. [PMID: 18856066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Survivin (BIRC5) is one of the members of IAP-family apoptosis inhibitors. The BIRCS gene is expressed in most human embryonic tissues and malignant tumors but not in normal differentiated tissues of adult human. It was suggested that BIRC5 proteins inhibit apoptosis and play an essential role in tumorigenesis, makings surviving an attractive target for anticancer therapy. The mechanisms regulating level of survivin are not completely understood. It was supposed that natural inhibitors of survivin, namely SMAC and PML, play an important role in these processes. Using RT-PCR and immunoblotting we analyzed the transcription level of BIRC5, SMAC and PML genes and content of corresponding proteins in normal and tumor human tissues in non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It was demonstrated that BIRC5 is transcribed only in tumor tissues, whereas expression levels of SMAC and PML are the same in normal and tumor tissues. The contents of proteins correspond to levels of mRNA of the respective genes. Thus the increase of level of survivin in tumor tissues is not the result of decrease in content of its inhibitors SMAC and PML, as their content in tumor and normal cells is the same.
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Mokhtar GA, Delatour NLDR, Assiri AH, Gilliatt MA, Senterman M, Islam S. Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: cytohistologic correlation study with diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytol 2008; 52:169-77. [PMID: 18499989 DOI: 10.1159/000325475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current study, we explore the diagnostic parameters and pitfalls in the follow-up of 123 cases of Pap smears diagnosed as high-grade atypical squamous cells (ASC-H) at our institution. STUDY DESIGN A computer database search was performed from the archives of the Ottawa Hospital Cytopathology Service for cases diagnosed with ASC-H between January 2003 and July 2005. RESULTS Follow-up of the 123 cases of ASC-H showed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 73 patients (59.4%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 11 (8.9%), immature squamous metaplasia in 23 (18.7%), reactive squamous cell changes in 12 (9.8%), benign glandular lesions (endocervical atypia, degenerated glandular cells) in 2 (1.6%) and atrophy in 2 (1.6%). In our study, 83 patients were younger than 40 years (67.4%), with biopsy-proven HSIL found in 54 patients (65.1%). The remaining 40 patients (32.6%) were older than 40 years of age, and follow-up biopsies showed HSIL in 19 patients (47.5%). CONCLUSION In our study, 59.4% of the cases that were diagnosed cytologically as ASC-H were found to have HSIL on subsequent biopsies. This correlation was stronger in patients below the age of 40 years (65.1% vs. 47.5%). The cytopathologic feature most strongly associated with HSIL was the presence of coarse nuclear chromatin (84%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer A Mokhtar
- Cytopathology Department, Division of Anatomic Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Serrano ML, Sánchez-Gómez M, Bravo MM. Insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in cervical scrapes from women with squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Growth Horm IGF Res 2007; 17:492-499. [PMID: 17709267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system is involved in the development of several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in exfoliated cervical cells in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS mRNA levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and IGF-IR were assessed by real-time PCR in 105 cervical scrapes obtained from 16 patients diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 24 with high-grade SIL (HSIL), 23 with cervical cancer, and 42 from controls with normal Papanicolau (Pap) test. RESULTS IGF-I mRNA levels were very low and no significant differences were seen between control and other groups. IGF-II mRNA levels were significantly lower in LSIL than in control group (median [arbitrary units]: 0.38 vs. 2.42, P=0.006) but its expression in HSIL and cervical cancer was similar to the one observed in controls. IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in cancer than in controls (median [arbitrary units]: 0.43 vs. 0.73, P=0.03). We observed a decrease in IGF-IR gene expression as the SIL degree increased (median for controls, LSIL, HSIL, and cervical carcinoma [arbitrary units]: 31.24, 9.08, 8.95, and 3.56, respectively). IGF-IR mRNA levels were significantly lower in HSIL and cervical cancer in comparison with controls (P=0.043 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present observations suggest that a reduced expression of IGFBP-3 and IGF-IR can be associated with progression to cervical cancer; the specific role played by the IGF-IR in this process remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Lucía Serrano
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Guo M, House MG, Suzuki H, Ye Y, Brock MV, Lu F, Liu Z, Rustgi AK, Herman JG. Epigenetic silencing of CDX2 is a feature of squamous esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1219-26. [PMID: 17534889 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CDX2, a mammalian homologue of the homeobox gene 'caudal,' is expressed in gut epithelia and plays an important role in establishing the intestinal phenotype during development. Mice heterozygously disrupted for CDX2 develop disorganized polypoid hamartomas with glandular epithelium and stratified squamous metaplasia resembling foregut mucosa. Since no genetic disruptions of CDX2 have been reported to explain loss of gene function, we examined whether epigenetic mechanisms altered CDX2 expression. Eleven of 17 squamous esophageal cancer cell lines lacked expression of CDX2 that was restored following treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, while all colorectal cancer cell lines expressed CDX2. Loss of expression was associated with DNA methylation in the 5' region of CDX2 determined by methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Methylation of CDX2 was rare in primary colorectal (1 of 44 tumors, 2%) and esophageal adenocarcinoma neoplasms (2 of 43 tumors, 5%), but was common in esophageal squamous carcinoma (24 of 45 tumors, 49%). No CDX2 methylation was found in normal tissues. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, expression of CDX2 was found in low level in normal esophagus, at higher levels in primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, but not in primary squamous cancers of the esophagus. Restoration of CDX2 in silenced cell lines resulted in expression of the CDX2 target gene MUC2, a gene important in glandular differentiation. Our results suggest that the inactivation of CDX2 in esophageal cancer associated with DNA methylation may be an important determinant of the squamous or non-adenomatous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingZhou Guo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Biology Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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Wen SX, Zhang XM, Tang PZ, Zhao D, Guo YL, Tan W, Lin DX. [Association between genetic polymorphism in DNA repair genes XRCC3 and risks of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 42:856-859. [PMID: 18300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between polymorphism of DNA repair gene XRCC3 Thr 241 Met and the risks of developing laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. METHODS One hundred and seventy five patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 525 cancer-free controls were genotyped for the polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS The XRCC3 241 Met allele increased the risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Comparing with subjects having the XRCC3 241 Thr/Thr genotype, the subjects at least having one XRCC3 241 Met allele had OR of 2. 26 (95% CI 1.33 -3.82). Respectively analyzing the risks of laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma, The allele XRCC3 241 Met increased the risks of developing both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Comparing with the subjects having the XRCC3 241 Thr/Thr genotype, the subjects with laryngeal carcinoma at least having one XRCC3 241 Met genotype had OR of 2.27 (95% CI 1.26 - 4.09); the subjects with hypopharyngeal carcinoma at least having one XRCC3 241 Met genotype had OR of 2. 99 (95% CI 1.27 - 7.04). Smoking may increase the risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The interaction of smoking and XRCC3 Thr241 Met increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma in a super-multiplicative manner. The subjects with heavy smoking and at least having one XRCC3 241Met allele had OR of 19.09 (95% CI 7.38 -49.40) comparing with those having the XRCC3 241 Thr/ Thr genotype and no smoking, which was greater than the multiplication of ORs both of subjects at least having one 241 Met allele meanwhile without smoking (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.20 - 4.21) and of subjects having XRCC3 241 Thr/Thr genotype meanwhile with smoking (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 2.38 - 7.17). CONCLUSIONS XRCC3 Thr 241 Met plays an important role in the development of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Abstract
The WWOX gene encodes a tumor suppressor spanning the second most common human fragile site, FRA16D. Targeted deletion of the Wwox gene in mice led to an increased incidence of spontaneous and ethyl nitrosourea-induced tumors. In humans, loss of heterozygosity and reduced or loss of WWOX expression has been reported in esophageal squamous cell cancers (SCC). In the present study, we examined whether inactivation of the Wwox gene might lead to enhanced esophageal/forestomach tumorigenesis induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine. Wwox+/- and Wwox+/+ mice were treated with six intragastric doses of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine and observed for 15 subsequent weeks. Ninety-six percent (25 of 26) of Wwox+/- mice versus 29% (10 of 34) of Wwox+/+ mice developed forestomach tumors (P = 1.3 x 10(-7)). The number of tumors per forestomach was significantly greater in Wwox+/- than in Wwox+/+ mice (3.2 +/- 0.34 versus 0.47 +/- 0.17; P < 0.0001). In addition, 27% of Wwox+/- mice had invasive SCC in the forestomach, as compared with 0% of wild-type controls (P = 0.002). Intriguingly, forestomachs from Wwox+/- mice displayed moderately strong Wwox protein staining in the near-normal epithelium, but weak and diffuse staining in SCC in the same tissue section, a result suggesting that Wwox was haploinsufficient for the initiation of tumor development. Our findings provide the first in vivo evidence of the tumor suppressor function of WWOX in forestomach/esophageal carcinogenesis and suggest that inactivation of one allele of WWOX accelerates the predisposition of normal cells to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami I Aqeilan
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Takemoto N, Tada M, Hida Y, Asano T, Cheng S, Kuramae T, Hamada JI, Miyamoto M, Kondo S, Moriuchi T. Low expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) indicates a shorter survival after resection in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2007; 58:376-83. [PMID: 17714826 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that an endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), is able to inhibit tumour angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis through inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, and membrane type-1 (MT1)-MMP (MMP-14) secretion and activity. In this study, using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we have analysed RECK expression levels in resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue and compared these data with the clinicopathological features of these patients to investigate the role of RECK in NSCLC. We have also analysed the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 and compared the data with those for RECK expression. Tissue samples of primary lung cancers were obtained from a total of 83 patients [46 with adenocarcinomas (ADC) and 37 with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)] who underwent curative resection. The samples were taken from 83 tumours and 20 matched normal lung tissue samples as controls. Expressions of RECK in ADC and SCC were significantly lower than in the control. In ADC tissue, the expression of RECK was higher in stage IA than in stage IB-IIIA. There was no such a correlation in SCC. In ADC, univariate analysis for relapse-free survival using Cox regression analysis identified low RECK expression (p=0.036), low MMP-14 expression (p=0.038), and tumour T2 (p=0.034) as significant negative prognostic predictors. However, in SCC, none of the clinicopathological factors assessed, including RECK expression, had prognostic value. In conclusion, our study suggests that suppression of RECK expression is involved in the progression of ADC of the lung and that RECK expression in resected ADC of the lung is a favorable predictor of patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Takemoto
- Division of Cancer Related Genes, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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Leichsenring A, Losi-Guembarovski R, Maciel ME, Losi-Guembarovski A, Oliveira BW, Ramos G, Cavalcanti TCS, Bicalho MG, Cavalli IJ, Cólus IMS, Ribeiro EMSF. CYP1A1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in an oral cancer case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 39:1569-74. [PMID: 17160265 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006001200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms have been associated with a higher risk to develop several cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is closely related to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Both genes code for enzymes that have an important role in activating or detoxifying carcinogenic elements found in tobacco and other compounds, and polymorphic variants of these genes may result in alterations of the enzymatic activity. The CYP1A1 gene codes for the enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, which is responsible for the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The investigated polymorphism, Ile/Val, seems to increase the activity of the enzyme in homozygous individuals, leading to an accumulation of carcinogens. The Ile/Val polymorphism occurs because of an A->G transition at exon 7, resulting in the CYP1A1*2B allele. The GSTP1*B variant shows an A->G transition at exon 5, changing the amino acid Ile to Val, with a reduced catalytic activity of the enzyme. Due to this reduction, the carriers of mutant alleles lost the capability to metabolize carcinogens, which could be responsible for a higher susceptibility to cancer. We conducted a case-control study in a group of 72 cases with newly diagnosed OSCC and 60 healthy controls matched for age, gender, smoking habits, and ethnicity. We used PCR methods to identify the allelic variants CYP1A1*2B and GSTP1*B. The data obtained showed no statistically significant association of allelic or genotypic variants of CYP1A1*2B (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.49-2.29) and GSTP1*B (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 0.70-2.79) with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leichsenring
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Oncogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Zhou S, Kachhap S, Sun W, Wu G, Chuang A, Poeta L, Grumbine L, Mithani SK, Chatterjee A, Koch W, Westra WH, Maitra A, Glazer C, Carducci M, Sidransky D, McFate T, Verma A, Califano JA. Frequency and phenotypic implications of mitochondrial DNA mutations in human squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7540-5. [PMID: 17456604 PMCID: PMC1863503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610818104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomic mutations are found in a variety of human cancers; however, the frequency of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in coding regions remains poorly defined, and the functional effects of mitochondrial mutations found in primary human cancers are not well described. Using MitoChip, we sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome in 83 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Forty-one of 83 (49%) tumors contained mtDNA mutations. Mutations occurred within noncoding (D-loop) and coding regions. A nonrandom distribution of mutations was found throughout the mitochondrial enzyme complex components. Sequencing of margins with dysplasia demonstrated an identical nonconservative mitochondrial mutation (A76T in ND4L) as the tumor, suggesting a role of mtDNA mutation in tumor progression. Analysis of p53 status showed that mtDNA mutations correlated positively with p53 mutations (P < 0.002). To characterize biological function of the mtDNA mutations, we cloned NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) mutants based on primary tumor mutations. Expression of the nuclear-transcribed, mitochondrial-targeted ND2 mutants resulted in increased anchorage-dependent and -independent growth, which was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species production and an aerobic glycolytic metabolic phenotype with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha induction that is reversible by ascorbate. Cancer-specific mitochondrial mutations may contribute to development of a malignant phenotype by direct genotoxic effects from increased reactive oxygen species production as well as induction of aerobic glycolysis and growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Zhou
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Wenyue Sun
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Guojun Wu
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Alice Chuang
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Luana Poeta
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus BioMedico School of Medicine, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Suhail K. Mithani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | | | - Wayne Koch
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | - William H. Westra
- **Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Anirban Maitra
- **Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Chad Glazer
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | - Thomas McFate
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- *Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 601 North Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910. E-mail:
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Hirshberg A, Yarom N, Amariglio N, Yahalom R, Adam I, Stanchescu R, Ben-Dov I, Taicher S, Rechavi G, Trakhtenbrot L. Detection of non-diploid cells in premalignant and malignant oral lesions using combined morphological and FISH analysis - a new method for early detection of suspicious oral lesions. Cancer Lett 2007; 253:282-90. [PMID: 17386971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in DNA content is an early event in oral carcinogenesis. We have examined oral brush samples to detect non-diploid cells (NDC) using simultaneous morphological and cytogenetic analysis. The study included 8 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 22 premalignant lesions (OPLs), and 25 control individuals. Slides stained with Giemsa followed by FISH using chromosome 2 centromeric DNA probe, were scanned and fluorescent signals were simultaneously analyzed in parallel with the morphology. The proportion of NDC increased with the severity of the diagnosis. In two control subjects, 1-1.5% of the examined cells were NDC. Over 2% NDC were present in all OSCC cases and in 11 of the OPLs, of which, in 8 the histologic diagnosis was either epithelial hyperplasia or mild dysplasia. A significant number of NDC had normal morphology when cytomorphology and FISH were compared. Two patients with OPLs developed OSCC these patients had a significant proportion of NDC. We suggest that the combined morphological and cytogenetic analysis of cells collected by a non-invasive brush sampling can enhance early detection of potentially malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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