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Morjean M, Hinde DJ, Simenel C, Jeung DY, Airiau M, Cook KJ, Dasgupta M, Drouart A, Jacquet D, Kalkal S, Palshetkar CS, Prasad E, Rafferty D, Simpson EC, Tassan-Got L, Vo-Phuoc K, Williams E. Evidence for the Role of Proton Shell Closure in Quasifission Reactions from X-Ray Fluorescence of Mass-Identified Fragments. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:222502. [PMID: 29286775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.222502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The atomic numbers and the masses of fragments formed in quasifission reactions are simultaneously measured at scission in ^{48}Ti+^{238}U reactions at a laboratory energy of 286 MeV. The atomic numbers are determined from measured characteristic fluorescence x rays, whereas the masses are obtained from the emission angles and times of flight of the two emerging fragments. For the first time, thanks to this full identification of the quasifission fragments on a broad angular range, the important role of the proton shell closure at Z=82 is evidenced by the associated maximum production yield, a maximum predicted by time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations. This new experimental approach gives now access to precise studies of the time dependence of the N/Z (neutron over proton ratios of the fragments) evolution in quasifission reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morjean
- GANIL, CEA/DRF and CNRS/IN2P3, B.P. 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex, France
| | - D J Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - C Simenel
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - D Y Jeung
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Airiau
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K J Cook
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - A Drouart
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Jacquet
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Kalkal
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - C S Palshetkar
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - E Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - D Rafferty
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - E C Simpson
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Tassan-Got
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - K Vo-Phuoc
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - E Williams
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
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Della Negra S, Deprun C, Jacquet D, Le Beyec Y. Mesure précise des énergies de désintégration alpha d’isotopes connus déficients en neutrons de W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/anphys/198207070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Sewa E, Avakoudjo J, Tengue K, Kpatcha M, Sikpa K, Soumanou F, Koumou Moritoua R, Dankoro A, Jacquet D, Hounnasso P. Aspects épidemiologiques et thérapeutiques des hydrocèles vaginales au centre hospitalier régional de Dapaong (Togo). African Journal of Urology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rogé S, Baelmans R, Claes F, Lejon V, Guisez Y, Jacquet D, Büscher P. Development of a latex agglutination test with recombinant variant surface glycoprotein for serodiagnosis of surra. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:460-5. [PMID: 25224790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of surra is commonly performed with the CATT/Trypanosoma evansi direct agglutination test. This antibody detection test is based on lyophilised bloodstream form trypanosomes propagated in rats and presenting the predominant variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) RoTat 1.2 on their surface. Recently, the N-terminal fragment of VSG RoTat 1.2 has been expressed as a recombinant protein in the yeast Pichia pastoris and showed diagnostic potential in ELISA. This recombinant antigen has now been incorporated in a latex agglutination test, the rLATEX/T. evansi. In this study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of rLATEX/T. evansi and CATT/T. evansi with immune trypanolysis (TL) as reference test on a total of 1717 sera from camels, horses, bovines, water buffaloes, dogs and sheep. The rLATEX/T. evansi displayed a slightly better agreement with TL than CATT/T. evansi (kappa [κ] respectively 0.84 and 0.72). The sensitivities of rLATEX/T. evansi (84.2%, 95% CI 80.8-87.1) and CATT/T. evansi (84.0%, 95% CI 80.6-87.0) were similar, but rLATEX/T. evansi was significantly more specific (97.7%, 95% CI 96.7-98.4) than CATT/T. evansi (89.4%; 95% CI 87.6-91.1). We consider the rLATEX/T. evansi an alternative for the CATT/T. evansi, with the advantage that the use of a purified recombinant antigen leads to a more standardised diagnostic test with an improved specificity. Moreover, it eliminates the use of laboratory animals and can be easily scaled-up, e.g. in biofermentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rogé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Parasite Diagnostics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - R Baelmans
- Production and Applied Technology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Claes
- Animal Health Service, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 10532 Rome, Italy
| | - V Lejon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unite Mixte de Recherche UMR177 - Intertryp, Campus International de Baillarguet TA A-17/G, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Y Guisez
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Jacquet
- Production and Applied Technology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Büscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Parasite Diagnostics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Morjean M, Chbihi A, Dasgupta M, Drouart A, Frankland J, Frégeau J, Hinde D, Jacquet D, Nalpas L, Pârlog M, Simenel C, Tassan-Got L, Williams E. Long lifetime components in the decay of excited super-heavy nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Frégeau MO, Jacquet D, Morjean M, Bonnet E, Chbihi A, Frankland JD, Rivet MF, Tassan-Got L, Dechery F, Drouart A, Nalpas L, Ledoux X, Parlog M, Ciortea C, Dumitriu D, Fluerasu D, Gugiu M, Gramegna F, Kravchuk VL, Marchi T, Fabris D, Corsi A, Barlini S. X-ray fluorescence from the element with atomic number Z=120. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:122701. [PMID: 22540578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An atomic clock based on x-ray fluorescence yields has been used to estimate the mean characteristic time for fusion followed by fission in reactions 238U + 64Ni at 6.6 MeV/A. Inner shell vacancies are created during the collisions in the electronic structure of the possibly formed Z=120 compound nuclei. The filling of these vacancies accompanied by a x-ray emission with energies characteristic of Z=120 can take place only if the atomic transitions occur before nuclear fission. Therefore, the x-ray yield characteristic of the united atom with 120 protons is strongly related to the fission time and to the vacancy lifetimes. K x rays from the element with Z=120 have been unambiguously identified from a coupled analysis of the involved nuclear reaction mechanisms and of the measured photon spectra. A minimum mean fission time τ(f)=2.5×10(-18) s has been deduced for Z=120 from the measured x-ray multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Frégeau
- GANIL, CEA-DSM and IN2P3-CNRS, B.P. 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex, France
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Hasker E, Mitashi P, Baelmans R, Lutumba P, Jacquet D, Lejon V, Kande V, Declercq J, Van der Veken W, Boelaert M. A new format of the CATT test for the detection of Human African Trypanosomiasis, designed for use in peripheral health facilities. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:263-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morjean M, Jacquet D, Charvet JL, L'Hoir A, Laget M, Parlog M, Chbihi A, Chevallier M, Cohen C, Dauvergne D, Dayras R, Drouart A, Escano-Rodriguez C, Frankland JD, Kirsch R, Lautesse P, Nalpas L, Ray C, Schmitt C, Stodel C, Tassan-Got L, Testa E, Volant C. Fission time measurements: a new probe into superheavy element stability. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:072701. [PMID: 18764526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reaction mechanism analyses performed with a 4pi detector for the systems 208Pb + Ge, 238U + Ni and 238U + Ge, combined with analyses of the associated reaction time distributions, provide us with evidence for nuclei with Z=120 and 124 living longer than 10(-18) s and arising from highly excited compound nuclei. By contrast, the neutron deficient nuclei with Z=114 possibly formed in 208Pb + Ge reactions have shorter lifetimes, close to or below the sensitivity limit of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morjean
- GANIL, CEA-DSM, and IN2P3-CNRS, B.P. 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex, France.
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9
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Dujardin JC, De Doncker S, Jacquet D, Bañuls AL, Balavoine M, Van Bockstaele D, Tibayrenc M, Arevalo J, Le Ray D. Clonal propagation and the fast generation of karyotype diversity: An in vitro Leishmania model. Parasitology 2006; 134:33-9. [PMID: 16978449 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we studied the karyotype stability during long-term in vitro maintenance in 3 cloned strains of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and a hybrid between both species. Only the L. (V.) peruviana strain showed an unstable karyotype, even after subcloning. Four chromosomes were studied in detail, each of them characterized by homologous chromosomes of different size (heteromorphy). Variations in chromosome patterns during in vitro maintenance were rapid and discrete, involving loss of heteromorphy or appearance of additional chromosome size variants. The resulting pattern was not the same according to experimental conditions (subinoculation rate or incubation temperature), and interestingly, this was associated with differences in growth behaviour of the respective parasites. No change in total ploidy of the cells was observed by flow cytometry. We discuss several mechanisms that might account for this variation of chromosome patterns, but we favour the occurrence of aneuploidy, caused by aberrant chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our results provide insight into the generation of karyotype diversity in natural conditions and highlight the relativity of the clone concept in parasitology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Dujardin
- Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Marlet MVL, Wuillaume F, Jacquet D, Quispe KW, Dujardin JC, Boelaert M. A neglected disease of humans: a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Bakool, Somalia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 97:667-71. [PMID: 16117959 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(03)80099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Revised: 06/25/2003] [Accepted: 07/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was observed in children in Bakool region, Somalia, an area where VL has not been reported before. We describe the extent of the problem in this war- and famine-stricken area. A retrospective analysis was done of all cases admitted to a VL treatment centre between July 2000 and August 2001. Patients with longstanding fever, splenomegaly and a positive direct agglutination test (DAT; titre > 1:3200) were treated as suspected VL cases. A rapid epidemiological and entomological assessment was performed in the area. Species identification was attempted from blood samples by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of cysteine proteinase B genes. In 1 year, 230 serologically-positive cases were diagnosed as VL, and response to therapy was good in 91.6% of the 225 treated with sodium stibogluconate. Parasitological confirmation was attempted and obtained in 2 cases. Parasites were found to be most similar to Sudanese and Ethiopian reference strains of the Leishmania donovani complex. In a serological survey of 161 healthy displaced persons, 15% were positive by the leishmanin skin test and 3 (2%) were positive by the DAT. The sandfly captures showed Phlebotomus martini and P. vansomerenae. VL seems to be a longstanding and serious health problem in Bakool region. Food insecurity might have contributed to the emergence and detection of VL in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V L Marlet
- Médecins sans Frontières, Dupréstraat 94, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Zabalia M, Jacquet D, Breau LM. Rôle du niveau verbal sur l’expression et l’évaluation de la douleur chez des sujets déficients intellectuels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03007559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rijal S, Boelaert M, Regmi S, Karki BMS, Jacquet D, Singh R, Chance ML, Chappuis F, Hommel M, Desjeux P, Van der Stuyft P, Le Ray D, Koirala S. Evaluation of a urinary antigen-based latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in eastern Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9:724-9. [PMID: 15189464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy as well as the reproducibility of the urine latex agglutination test 'KAtex' in the diagnosis of kala-azar in patients recruited at a tertiary care centre in Dharan, Nepal, between November 2000 and January 2002. METHODS All patients presenting with fever of 2 weeks or more and splenomegaly were consecutively enrolled. Bone marrow and--if negative--spleen aspirates were examined for Leishmania donovani. Serum and urine samples were taken in duplicate for the Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) and KAtex. The reference laboratory determined sensitivity and specificity of KAtex. Reproducibility between both laboratories was assessed. RESULTS KAtex was performed on urine from 155 parasitologically confirmed kala-azar and 77 non-kala-azar cases (parasitology and DAT-negative). KAtex showed a sensitivity of 47.7% (74/155, 95% CI: 39.7-55.9) and a specificity of 98.7% (76/77, 95% CI: 93.0-100.0). Reproducibility of KAtex showed a kappa of 0.684 (P < 0.001, n = 232). CONCLUSION KAtex evaluation showed high specificity, low sensitivity and moderate reproducibility. A urine test for kala-azar could become a real breakthrough in kala-azar management if its reproducibility and sensitivity could be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rijal
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
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Tempez A, Schultz JA, Della-Negra S, Depauw J, Jacquet D, Novikov A, Lebeyec Y, Pautrat M, Caroff M, Ugarov M, Bensaoula H, Gonin M, Fuhrer K, Woods A. Orthogonal time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of peptides using large gold clusters as primary ions. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004; 18:371-376. [PMID: 14966842 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for biomolecular analysis is greatly enhanced by the instrumental combination of orthogonal extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometry with massive gold cluster primary ion bombardment. Precursor peptide molecular ion yield enhancements of 1000, and signal-to-noise improvements of up to 20, were measured by comparing SIMS spectra obtained using Au(+) and massive Au(400) (4+) cluster primary ion bombardment of neat films of the neuropeptide fragment dynorphin 1-7. Remarkably low damage cross-sections were also measured from dynorphin 1-7 and gramicidin S during prolonged bombardment with 40 keV Au(400) (4+). For gramicidin S, the molecular ion yield increases slightly as a function of Au(400) (4+) beam fluence up to at least 2 x 10(13) Au(400) (4+)/cm(2). This is in marked contrast to the rapid decrease observed when bombarding with ions such as Au(5) (+) and Au(9) (+). When gramicidin S is impinged with Au(5) (+), the molecular ion yield decreases by a factor of 10 after a fluence of only 8 x 10(12) ions/cm(2). Comparison of these damage cross-sections implies that minimal surface damage occurs during prolonged Au(400) (4+) bombardment. Several practical analytical implications are drawn from these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Tempez
- Ionwerks Inc., 2472 Bolsover St, Suite 255, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bañuls AL, Dujardin JC, Guerrini F, De Doncker S, Jacquet D, Arevalo J, Noël S, Le Ray D, Tibayrenc M. Is Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana a distinct species? A MLEE/RAPD evolutionary genetics answer. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2000; 47:197-207. [PMID: 10847336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of 38 Leishmania stocks from the Andean valleys of Peru was characterized by both Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Data were analyzed in terms of taxonomy and evolutionary genetics. Synapomorphic MLEE and RAPD characters, clear-cut clustering, and strong agreement between the phylogenies inferred from either MLEE or RAPD supported the view that Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis correspond to two closely related, but distinct monophyletic lines (clades) and can therefore be considered as "discrete typing units" (DTUs). The question whether the L. (V.) peruxviana DTU deserves species status is dependent upon the desirability of it, in terms of epidemiological and medical relevance. A previous Orthogonal Field Alternating Gel Electrophoresis (OFAGE) analysis of the same L. (V.) peruviana isolates was published by Dujardin et al. (1995b). The data from the different markers (i.e. MLEE, RAPD and OFAGE) were compared by population genetics analysis. RAPD and OFAGE provided divergent results, since RAPD showed a strong linkage disequilibrium whereas OFAGE revealed no apparent departure from panmictic expectation. MLEE showed no linkage disequilibrium. Nevertheless, contrary to OFAGE, this is most probably explainable by the limited variability revealed by this marker in L. (V.) peruviana (statistical type II error). RAPD data were consistent with the hypothesis that the present L. (V.) peruviana sample displays a basically clonal population structure with limited or no genetic exchange. Disagreement between RAPD and OFAGE can be explained either by accumulation of chromosomal rearrangements due to amplification/deletion of repeated sequences, or by pseudo-recombinational events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Bañuls
- Centre d'Etudes sur le Polymorphisme des Microorganismes (CEPM), Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
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15
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Boelaert M, El Safi S, Mousa H, Githure J, Mbati P, Gurubacharya VL, Shrestha J, Jacquet D, De Muynck A, Le Ray D, Van der Stuyft P. Multi-centre evaluation of repeatability and reproducibility of the direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Med Int Health 1999; 4:31-7. [PMID: 10203171 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the serological direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with aqueous antigen in a multi-centre study in VL-endemic areas in Sudan, Kenya and Nepal. METHODS Repeatability within each centre and reproducibility between the centres' results and an external reference laboratory (Belgium) was assessed on 1596 triplicate plain blood samples collected on filter paper. RESULTS High kappa values (range 0.86-0.97) indicated excellent DAT repeatability within the centres. The means of the titre differences between the reference laboratory and the centres in Sudan, Kenya and Nepal (2.3, 2.4 and 1.1, respectively, all significantly different from 0) showed weak reproducibility across centres. 95% of the titre differences between the reference laboratory and the respective centres were accounted for by large intervals: 0.6-9 fold titre variation for Sudan, 0.7-8 fold for Kenya and 0.26-4 fold for Nepal. CONCLUSION High repeatability of DAT confirms its potential, but reproducibility problems remain an obstacle to its routine use in the field. Reproducibility was hindered by alteration of the antigen through temperature and shaking, especially in Kenya and Sudan, and by nonstandardization of the test reading. DAT handling procedures and antigen quality must be carefully standardized and monitored when introducing this test into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boelaert
- Department of Public Health, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Boelaert M, El Safi S, Jacquet D, de Muynck A, van der Stuyft P, Le Ray D. Operational validation of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60:129-34. [PMID: 9988336 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The validity of the direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was studied with a standardized field kit on 148 clinically suspected persons and 176 healthy controls recruited between 1993 and 1994 from an endemic area in Gedaref State, Sudan. A sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 99.4% were found at a 1: 8,000 cut-off titer when parasitologically confirmed cases were compared with healthy controls. While corroborating previously reported sensitivity and specificity estimates of this serodiagnostic test, this study examined the bias generated by commonly used test validation procedures. The fundamental methodologic problem in VL test validation is the absence of a reliable gold standard. Moreover, any operational guideline on DAT use has to consider the critical dependency of the predictive values of the test on VL prevalence rates. The DAT diagnostic cut-off titer depends upon many external factors, among which the prevalence of disease in the area and the case mix seem the most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boelaert
- Department of Public Health, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Couvreur B, Jacquet D, Bollen A, Le Ray D. Molecular characterization of antigen 24, a specific immunodominant antigen family from Leishmania infantum. Parasitology 1997; 115 ( Pt 6):611-9. [PMID: 9488872 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182097001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum immunoelectrophoretic antigen 24 (AG 24), a visceral leishmaniasis associated immunodominant antigen, has been characterized with a monospecific antiserum by combining SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, metabolic labelling, radio-immunoprecipitation and in vitro poly A+ mRNA translation. AG 24 appeared to correspond to a multi-antigen family of 6-9 members ranging from 20 to 31 kDa and proteinic by nature with no post-translational modifications. A similar banding pattern was recognized by infection sera. AG 24 was not found exposed on the cell surface.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/analysis
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Immune Sera/immunology
- Immunoblotting/methods
- Immunodominant Epitopes/analysis
- Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunoelectrophoresis/methods
- Leishmania infantum/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- B Couvreur
- Laboratory for Protozoology, Prince Leopold Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Brunelle A, Della-Negra S, Deprun C, Depauw J, Håkansson P, Jacquet D, le Beyec Y, Pautrat M. High desorption—ionization yields of large biomolecules induced by fast C60 projectiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Vercammen F, Berkvens D, Le Ray D, Jacquet D, Vervoort T. Development of a slide ELISA for canine leishmaniasis and comparison with four serological tests. Vet Rec 1997; 141:328-30. [PMID: 9347621 DOI: 10.1136/vr.141.13.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A slide ELISA for canine leishmaniasis was developed by using promastigotes of Leishmania infantum, and compared with microimmunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, direct agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The sensitivity of all the tests was 100 per cent. The specificity of the direct agglutination test was 95 per cent but it was 100 per cent for the three other tests. There was also a positive correlation and a high level of concordance between the titres measured by the different tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vercammen
- Veterinary Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Dujardin JC, Bañuls AL, Llanos-Cuentas A, Alvarez E, DeDoncker S, Jacquet D, Le Ray D, Arevalo J, Tibayrenc M. Putative Leishmania hybrids in the Eastern Andean valley of Huanuco, Peru. Acta Trop 1995; 59:293-307. [PMID: 8533665 DOI: 10.1016/0001-706x(95)00094-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During an outbreak of tegumentary leishmaniasis that developed in the 1990s in the Eastern Andean valley of Huanuco, Peru, the coexistence of Andean (uta) and sylvatic leishmaniases was suspected for ecological and geographical reasons, and sympatric sampling was carried out. Seven human isolates of Leishmania were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, random amplification of polymorphic DNA and molecular karyotyping. The three methods identified 3 isolates as L. braziliensis, and 4 isolates as putative hybrids with characters of L. braziliensis and L. peruviana. Data from Huanuco are compared to previous results from other areas endemic for uta. Biological and epidemiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dujardin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, "Prince Leopold", Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Dujardin JC, Dujardin JP, Tibayrenc M, Timperman G, De Doncker S, Jacquet D, Arevalo J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Guerra H, Bermudez H. Karyotype plasticity in neotropical Leishmania: an index for measuring genomic distance among L. (V.) peruviana and L. (V.) braziliensis populations. Parasitology 1995; 110 ( Pt 1):21-30. [PMID: 7845708 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A method for phenetic analysis of karyotype data has been developed for Leishmania populations. Measurement of size difference between chromosomes recognized by a given DNA probe in different isolates led to the formulation of a Chromosome Size Difference Index (CSDI). The method was applied to phenetic analysis of 4 sets of chromosomes--each set being recognized by a different probe--in 37 L. (Viannia) peruviana isolates sampled along a North-South transect through the Peruvian Andes and, in 11 L. (V.) braziliensis isolates from the Amazonian forest (Peru, Bolivia and Brazil). Karyotype variability was better accounted for by CSDI than by a method based on disjunctive encoding of karyotype data. CSDI evidenced the nature of relationships between L. braziliensis and L. peruviana and it provided a coherent picture of geographical and genomic differentiation among parasite populations. The latter did cluster according to their geographical origin. L. braziliensis was found karyotypically more homogeneous than L. peruviana. Within L. peruviana, Northern populations were closer to L. braziliensis than to Southern L. peruviana populations. The validity of karyotypic populations, or karyodemes, was sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dujardin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Prince Leopold, Antwerpen 1, Belgium
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22
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Dujardin JC, Llanos-Cuentas A, Caceres A, Arana M, Dujardin JP, Guerrini F, Gomez J, Arroyo J, De Doncker S, Jacquet D. Molecular karyotype variation in Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana: indication of geographical populations in Peru distributed along a north-south cline. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1993; 87:335-47. [PMID: 8250624 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1993.11812777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Forty-one Leishmania peruviana isolates were selected along a north-south transect which crossed areas endemic for uta in three different biogeographical regions in the Peruvian Andes. The isolates were analysed by molecular karyotyping and hybridization with three chromosome-derived DNA probes. All the isolates could be distinguished from L. braziliensis by their pLb-134 hybridization patterns. However, the patterns with the other probes (pLb-168 and -22) could be used to cluster the Peruvian isolates in discrete groups (karyodemes) which varied in their level of similarity with L. braziliensis. The geographical distribution of these karyodemes supports the hypothesis that eco-graphical isolation has contributed to the heterogeneity of L. peruviana.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dujardin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Prince Leopold, Antwerpen, Belgium
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23
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Dujardin JC, Gajendran N, Arevalo J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Guerra H, Gomez J, Arroyo J, De Doncker S, Jacquet D, Hamers R. Karyotype polymorphism and conserved characters in the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis complex explored with chromosome-derived probes. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1993; 73:101-18. [PMID: 8368887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular karyotype of 45 reference populations of Neotropical leishmanias was analyzed with ethidium bromide staining and with 6 chromosome-derived probes selected from a genomic library of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Size-conserved patterns were identified and found to be specific to subgenus Viannia and to its constitutive species. An important issue for epidemiology and clinical investigations was the discrimination between L. (V.) peruviana and L. (V.) braziliensis, 2 species found very similar by other genetic techniques, but responsible for totally different clinical patterns. The suggested existence of genetically distinct demes, or karyodemes, within the group-species might also show to be of importance, as these populations might differ in virulence, host-specificity and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dujardin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Prince Leopold, Antwerpen, Belgium
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24
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Liu JH, Gajendran N, Muthui D, Muyldermans S, Dujardin JC, De Doncker S, Jacquet D, Le Ray D, Mathieu-Daudé F, Hamers R. Chromosome rearrangement in Leishmania mexicana M379. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 46:53-60. [PMID: 1852176 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90198-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circular extrachromosomal elements were observed in a variety of Leishmania species. We show here that two lines originating from the same isolate have been found to contain a circular DNA molecule of 26.6 kb and a linear chromosome of about 250 kb, respectively, which share a homology of more than 20 kb. The circular DNA molecule and its related region on the linear chromosome were cloned and their restriction maps compared. This investigation reveals information about chromosome rearrangement in L. mexicana M379. Further examination will enable us to understand the nature of chromosome rearrangement such as circularization or linearization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Liu
- Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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25
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Piasecki E, Bresson S, Lott B, Bougault R, Colin J, Crema E, Galin J, Gatty B, Genoux-Lubain A, Guerreau D, Horn D, Jacquet D, Jahnke U, Jastrzebski J, Kordyasz A, Lecolley JF, Louvel M, Morjean M, Paulot C, Pienkowski L, Pouthas J, Quednau B, Schröder WU, Schwinn E, Skulski W, Töke J. Nuclear disassembly of the Pb+Au system at Elab=29 MeV per nucleon. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1291-1294. [PMID: 10043168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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26
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Jacquet D, Galin J, Borderie B, Gardes D, Guerreau D, Lefort M, Monnet F, Rivet MF, Tarrago X, Duek E, Alexander JM. Approach to the limits for massive energy and spin deposition into a composite nucleus. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 32:1594-1604. [PMID: 9953015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.32.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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27
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Garretta M, Gener J, de Jerphanion I, Jacquet D, Muller A. Red cell antibody screening with the Groupamatic system. I. Bromelin methyl-cellulose and saline techniques: evaluation of five years' routine use. Vox Sang 1979; 37:55-61. [PMID: 115156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
These data comprise 1,231,024 routine tests carried out over a 5-year period on voluntary blood donors. The percentage of positive results on the machines varies from 1 to 3% of the total number of samples tested. Antibodies identified either by manual or automated techniques make up 15--20% of the positive screening reactions. Rhesus, Luewis and P systems prevail, whilst Duffy, Kidd and Ltheran systems are absent. This screening has three main advantages: the supply of plasma for our production of test sera, or therapeutic immunoglobulins; protection of the recipient; partial information on the donor's immunohaematological state, especially for the risk of giving him incompatible blood sometimes in the future.
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28
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Garretta M, Gener J, de Jerphanion I, Jacquet D, Muller A. Red Cell Antibody Screening with the Groupamatic System. Vox Sang 1979. [DOI: 10.1159/000466883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Garretta M, Muller A, Jacquet D. [Technic for differential disagglutination specific to the ABO system]. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1977; 20:473-81. [PMID: 918500 DOI: 10.1016/s0338-4535(77)80081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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