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Paulson D, McClure N, Wharton T, Gendron E, Allen Q, Irfan H. Caregiver Preparedness: A Therapeutic Mechanism and Moderating Factor on Outcomes for the Savvy Caregiver Program. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37530457 PMCID: PMC10834848 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2242357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence-based interventions for dementia caregivers, such as the Savvy Caregiver Program (SC), seek to address skills and knowledge deficits, caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and grief. Little research has examined mechanisms by which these interventions accomplish their goals. Caregiver preparedness may be a possible mechanism by which caregiver interventions may confer benefits. METHODS The sample included 76 dementia caregivers who completed the 6-session SC. Participants completed the Anticipatory Grief Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview-Short Form. RESULTS A repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine the interaction between baseline scores and pre-post change in caregiver preparedness. Analysis significantly predicted caregiver burden, (F(1) = 6.68, p=.012, partial η2=.10), depressive symptom endorsement, (F(1) = 6.41, p=.014, partial η2=.09, and anticipatory grief, (F(1) = 6.22, p=.02, partial η2=.1), post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pre-post change in caregiver preparedness significantly predicted pre-post change across measures of caregiver burden, depressive symptom endorsement, and anticipatory grief. Findings suggest that caregiver preparedness may be one mechanism by which the SC confers positive outcomes. These findings provide an empirical and theoretical basis for tailoring future dementia caregiver interventions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical Interventions may seek to improve caregiver preparedness and subsequent outcomes through utilization of programs like SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Alzheimer's and Dementia Resource Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole McClure
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tracy Wharton
- Principal Research Scientist, National Network of Public Health Institutes, Washington, USA
| | - Edith Gendron
- Chief Operating Officer of ADRC, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Quinn Allen
- Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Hanya Irfan
- Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
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Maynard M, Paulson D, Dunn M, Dvorak RD. Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Immediate, Delayed, and Working Memory Performance Among Older Adults. Cannabis 2023; 6:22-29. [PMID: 37484047 PMCID: PMC10361803 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is increasingly accessible and use is increasing rapidly among older adults as laws change and cannabis becomes more frequently prescribed in healthcare settings. Past research identified cognitive effects of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults that can persist for several weeks after intoxication, though little is known about how these effects generalize to older adults. Participants (N = 1348) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and were categorized as current occasional users (up to once/week in the past year, n = 36), current frequent users (once per week or more in the past year, n = 92), past users (n = 334), and non-users (n = 886). Participant ages ranged from 50 to 98 (M = 67.25, SD = 10.68). Uncontrolled, one-way ANOVAs and controlled ANCOVAs were used to examine between-group differences on immediate and delayed wordlist memory and working memory (serial sevens). When controlling for age, gender, education, and minority status, current frequent users demonstrated significantly worse immediate memory performance compared to past and non-users. However, this difference could have been the result of acute, residual effects of past-month cannabis use among current users. In controlled analyses, there were no differences between groups on delayed or working memory. Findings indicate that greater than weekly cannabis use may result in attentional and short-term memory deficits. Further, these effects may be mitigated by sustained abstinence. Limitations including sample size and measures of cannabis use warrant future studies to replicate and build upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida
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Maynard M, Burr EK, Allen Q, Dvorak RD, Paulson D. Loss-of-Control-Eating Mediates the Relationship between Cannabis-Related Problems and Eating Pathology. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231161999. [PMID: 36921084 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of eating pathology among college students has increased significantly in recent years. This coincides with increases in the use of cannabis, both nationally, but also among college students. Problematic cannabis use has been linked to eating pathology in prior research. Research also shows that cannabis may affect appetitive drives linked to food consumption. The current study tested the hypothesis that the association between problem cannabis use and eating pathology was mediated by greater loss of control eating. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 805 college student cannabis users at a large Southeastern university in the U.S. The sample were primarily Caucasian (76%) and female (65.22%) with an average age of 20.15 (SD = 3.91). Participants completed surveys assessing eating outcomes (loss of control eating and eating pathology), cannabis use, and cannabis-related problems. The analysis used an observed variable path model. After controlling for cannabis use, cannabis-related problems were indirectly linked to eating pathology via loss of control eating (B = 0.109, SE = 0.025, p < .001), supporting the primary hypothesis. The direct relationship between cannabis-related problems and eating pathology was fully accounted for (B = 0.010, SE = 0.028, p = .724) by the indirect effect of loss of control eating. These data suggest that the association between problematic forms of cannabis use and eating pathology may be due to the association between cannabis problems and loss of control eating. While this may be due to changes in appetite and food evaluation as a function of more problematic use patterns, it may also be that individuals with problematic cannabis use have more problematic eating patterns due to deficits in adaptive coping strategies. Future research should seek to parse out these different potential explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily K Burr
- 6243The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Quinn Allen
- 6243The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Figurelle ME, Meyer DM, Perrinez ES, Paulson D, Pannell JS, Santiago-Dieppa DR, Khalessi AA, Bolar DS, Bykowski J, Meyer BC. Viz.ai Implementation of Stroke Augmented Intelligence and Communications Platform to Improve Indicators and Outcomes for a Comprehensive Stroke Center and Network. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:47-53. [PMID: 36574318 PMCID: PMC9835916 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comprehensive stroke centers continually strive to narrow neurointerventional time metrics. Although process improvements have been put in place to streamline workflows, complex pathways, disparate imaging locations, and fragmented communications all highlight the need for continued improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This Quality Improvement Initiative (VISIION) was implemented to assess our transition to the Viz.ai platform for immediate image review and centralized communication and their effect on key performance indicators in our comprehensive stroke center. We compared periods before and following deployment. Sequential patients having undergone stroke thrombectomy were included. Both direct arriving large-vessel occlusion and Brain Emergency Management Initiative telemedicine transfer large-vessel occlusion cases were assessed as were subgroups of OnHours and OffHours. Text messaging thread counts were compared between time periods to assess communications. Mann-Whitney U and Student t tests were used. RESULTS Eighty-two neurointerventional cases were analyzed pre vs. post time periods: (DALVO-OnHours 7 versus 7, DALVO-OffHours 10 versus 5, BEMI-OnHours 13 versus 6, BEMI-OffHours 17 versus 17). DALVO-OffHours had a 39% door-to-groin reduction (157 versus 95 minutes, P = .009). DALVO-All showed a 32% reduction (127 versus 86 minutes, P = .006). BEMI-All improved 33% (42 versus 28 minutes, P = .036). Text messaging thread counts improved 30% (39 versus 27, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS There was an immediate improvement following Viz.ai implementation for both direct arriving and telemedicine transfer thrombectomy cases. In the greatest opportunity subset (direct arriving large-vessel occlusion-OffHours: direct arriving cases requiring team mobilization off-hours), we noted a 39% improvement. With Viz.ai, we noted that immediate access to images and streamlined communications improved door-to-groin time metrics for thrombectomy. These results have implications for future care processes and can be a model for centers striving to optimize workflow and improve thrombectomy timeliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Figurelle
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - D M Meyer
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - E S Perrinez
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - D Paulson
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - J S Pannell
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - A A Khalessi
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - D S Bolar
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - J Bykowski
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - B C Meyer
- From the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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Bassett R, Paulson D, McClure NV. AN EXAMINATION OF ADVANCED CARE PLANNING IN BLACK AMERICANS: DIRECTION TO IMPROVE ENGAGEMENT. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9766891 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have found that older Black Americans are less likely to establish advance care directives (ACDs) than their White age peers, and medical distrust has been identified as one possible cause. Others have suggested the formulaic approach of ACD documentation which may conflict with the spiritual and cultural nature of these decisions. The Five Wishes ACD was developed partially to address this need. This study seeks to 1) replicate past findings regarding race and ACD adoption, and test the hypotheses that 2) Race will differentially predict Advanced Care Planning (ACP) engagement scores between conditions (Five Wishes vs State Directive), and 3) level of trust in physicians will relate to ACP engagement. The sample (N = 186) was recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prolific. Participants ranged from 50 to 77 years, were predominantly female (56.8%), White (51.61%), married (52.6%), and college-educated (70 .6%). ANCOVA results were a nonsignificant main effect of ACP engagement by race (F(1, 185) = 1.93, p = .166) and nonsignificant interaction of race by condition (F(1, 185) = 0.16, p < .69). Trust in physician scale scores predicted ACP engagement (F(1, 185) = 16.15, p < .001). The lack of an effect of race on ACP utilization may be explained by educational and SES characteristics of the sample by contrast to prior studies. The Five Wishes and State Directive ACD documents resulted in similar ACD engagement. These results suggest that trust in physicians is a primary barrier to ACP utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bassett
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Maynard M, Flores E, Paulson D, Lichtenberg P. PERCEIVED FINANCIAL VULNERABILITY, WEALTH, AND WEALTH CHANGE: THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9767255 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial vulnerability among older adults is an escalating social concern given all too frequent financial exploitation of this population. The 6-item Perceived Financial Vulnerability (PFV) was derived from the 56-item Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale to examine awareness and psychological vulnerability regarding finances. It was included as an experimental module in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2018. Prior findings have identified significant associations of PFV with wealth, demographics, and health status. The goals of the current study were to examine the relationship between wealth, changes in wealth, and perceived financial vulnerability. The sample included 1156 respondents to the HRS. Respondents were 57.5% female and 77.2% Caucasian. Average age was 68.28 (SD = 10.74) and average years of education was 13.11 (SD = 2.88). The PFV demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α = .60). Total assets at baseline (2016) and change in total assets over two waves (2016 to 2018) were independently stratified into deciles and used as primary predictors of perceived financial vulnerability in 2018. A multiple linear regression model was conducted to examine these relationships. Consistent with previous findings, demographics (R2=0.04, F(5,1150)=10.07, p < .001) and baseline wealth (B= -0.20, SE=0.02, p < .001) predicted PFV scores. Subsequent addition of wealth change (B=-0.06, SE=0.02, p=.002) significantly contributed to overall variance accounted for (p < .01). Negative wealth change over two years and low baseline wealth related to higher PFV. These findings support the construct and the PFV measure as valid and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Maynard
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Emily Flores
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Brush D, Paulson D, Dvorak R. WORKING MEMORY MODERATES DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AFTER PARTNER MORTALITY: HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770649 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grief is conceptualized as a process after which the individual becomes better adapted to changed living conditions after a loss. The Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) model posits that working memory may be necessary for mitigation and resolution of grief. This study examined the hypothesis that working memory facilitates successful grieving following the loss of an intimate partner. Participants include 3,599 respondents of the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who experienced spousal mortality between 1994 and 2014. Working memory was measured assessed using Serial 7’s, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-question CES-D. Latent-growth models were used to estimate rate of change in depressive symptoms up to loss-of-spouse (baseline event), and then subsequent to that loss. Missing data were handled using full-information maximum likelihood. Sample participants had an average age 78.04 (SD = 7.32) at the time of their spouse’s death and were disproportionately female (69.10%), White/Caucasian (82.30%), non-Hispanic (92.37%), and completed an average of 11.61 (SD = 3.42) years of education. The hypothesized level 2 model fit the data very well: χ2(56)=61.323, p=.29 RMSEA=0.005 [0.000 0.012]; CFI=0.998, SRMR=0.028. Initial depressive symptom endorsement was significantly related to working memory ability. Working memory also moderated the relationship between depressive symptom endorsement and time, where individuals with better working memory tended to report lower depressive symptoms and demonstrated a lesser increase in depressive symptoms. In conclusion, working memory may be one determinant of successful bereavement. Findings support application of the SOC-ER model to the study of grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brush
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Maitland, Florida, United States
| | - Robert Dvorak
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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8
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Falcão DVDS, Paulson D. Quality of relationship between adult children caregivers and parents with dementia. Interpersona 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main effects for associations between psychosocial stressors and caregiver outcomes are well established, but little is known about the mechanisms of these relationships. Aims of this study were to examine the hypotheses that satisfaction with family relationships (SF) is a mechanism by which quality of relationship (QR) between adult children caregiver and parents with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) influences depression, life satisfaction (LF), and self-rated health (SRH) among these caregivers. The participants were 716 Brazilian adult children who cared for their parents with AD and related disorders. Regression-based path analysis was performed; a PROCESS, bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping method was used to test confidence intervals. The relationships between QR and both depression (B = .3263, p < .001) and SRH (B = .3263, p < .001), were fully mediated by SF. The relationship between QR and LF was partially mediated by SF. The primary finding is that SF is one mechanism by which QR relates to depressive symptomatology, self-rated health, and life satisfaction.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has found that many incarcerated individuals have mental health conditions and that incarcerated women may be at elevated risk. These individuals have been shown to experience mental health concerns shortly after their release, but little is known about their mental health later in life. This study compared depressive symptoms in older adults with and without a history of incarceration and examined the impact of gender on this relationship. METHOD Data from 160 pairs of adults aged 65 or older (82.5% male, mean age = 73.4 years) who participated in the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was utilized. Older adults with a history of incarceration were matched to those without based on age, gender, race, and education level. Depressive symptoms (CES-D) of older adults with and without a history of incarceration were compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS The main effect of incarceration history (p=.001, partial eta2=.07) and the interaction between incarceration history and gender (p=.01, partial eta2=.04) were significant. Follow-up analyses revealed that the difference between depressive symptoms for older women with and without a history of incarceration was significant (p=.02, d = 0.69), whereas the difference for older men was not significant (p=.19, d = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest older adults with a history of incarceration report more depressive symptoms than those without and that the effect is seen among older women. Negative effects of incarceration on mental health may therefore persist into later life, highlighting the importance of pre- and post-release mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Steigerwald
- UCF RESTORES, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David C Rozek
- UCF RESTORES, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the efficacy of a theoretically based, 6-week dementia caregiver support group in a primary care setting. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design, 22 participants completed the caregiver support group. Participants were mostly in their mid-60 s (M = 63 years old), female (n = 19), Caucasian (n = 14), and identified as either the care recipient's child or spouse (n = 19). At baseline and 6 weeks, participants completed self-report measures related to demographic information, caregiver preparedness, strain, and depressive symptoms, and care recipient's neuropsychiatric symptoms. Participants also completed a satisfaction survey. Within-subjects t-tests were run to determine if participants' scores changed over time. RESULTS Results revealed that participants demonstrated a significant increase in mean caregiver preparedness scores. No significant effects were found for caregiver strain, depressive symptoms, and distress related to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Participants rated being largely satisfied with the program. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that this 6-week caregiver support group may be a promising caregiver intervention in primary care clinics. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support the importance of caregiver support for persons with dementia in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shah Barman
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Wan X, Lighthall NR, Paulson D. Subjective markers of successful aging and change in Internet use among older adults: The distinctive role of subjective health. Computers in Human Behavior 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maynard M, Paulson D, Dunn M, Dvorak R. Relationship of Cannabis Use With Immediate, Delayed, and Working Memory: The Health and Retirement Study. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681163 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Past research has examined relationship between cannabis use and cognition among adolescents and young adults, but less is known about older adults despite rapidly increasing recreational and therapeutic cannabis use by this demographic. These relationships were explored cross-sectionally using data from the 2018 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Dependent variables included immediate and delayed memory (10-item word list) and working memory (serial sevens; range 0-5). Cannabis use was categorized as non-user (n=886), past-user (n=334), current moderate (<52 uses/year; n=36), and current heavy (52+ uses/year; n=92). Mean age was 67.59 years (range: 50-98, SD=10.76). The sample was predominantly female (59%), and Caucasian (67%). Uncontrolled analyses found that cannabis use group was associated with immediate memory (F=6.14, p<.001), delayed memory (F=3.75, p=.01), and working memory (F=6.91, p<.001). Analyses controlled for gender, education, age, and race found that cannabis use group was no longer associated with delayed memory (F=1.74, p=.16) or working memory (F=1.66, p=.17); however, cannabis use was associated with immediate memory (F=3.75, p=.01) in controlled analyses. Current heavy users’ (M=4.94, SE=.16) immediate memory worse than that of both non-users (M=5.48, SE=.06) and past users (M=5.49, SE=.09; p<.05 for both). Gender, education, age, and race significantly associated with immediate, delayed, and working memory, respectively (p<.05 for all). In conclusion, relative deficits in immediate memory, but not delayed memory or working memory, were associated with current heavy cannabis use among older adults. In combination with other findings, these results may inform development of safe-use guidelines for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Maynard
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Michael Dunn
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Robert Dvorak
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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13
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Herrera M, Paulson D. Measurement Invariance in the Assessment of Mood Between American and Mexican Community Studies. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8680663 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a principal source for American public health research, has numerous global sister studies. Harmonization efforts seeking to establish measurement equivalence amongst these various datasets, is a critical prerequisite to cross-cultural research. Given well-known cultural variability in depressive symptom endorsement, the purpose of this study was to assess measurement invariance in a brief mood measure used in the HRS and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Total sample size using both groups was 15,319 participants (10,931 HRS; 4,388 MHAS) who were 65 and older from Waves 6 to 13 in the HRS and Waves 1 to 4 in the MHAS. MPlus Version 8.4 was used to conduct CFA analyses of measurement invariance. A contemporary approach with categorical data calls for examining threshold invariance first while establishing configural invariance, before examining invariance tests of thresholds, loadings, and intercepts in a second step. Results were that measurement invariance was not supported in this series of two steps with four out of six indices showing model fit in the first model and none of the indices showing model fit in the second model. These findings implied that there were differences in ways of responding to the brief mood measure between HRS and MHAS participants at the conceptual level. Thus, comparisons based on these measures may result in misleading findings and should be interpreted very conservatively. This study adds to the growing body of literature guiding harmonization efforts from the Program on Global Aging, Health and Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Herrera
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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14
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Scott R, Wiener CH, Paulson D. Functional limitation in later-life: the impact of sips, socialization, and sadness. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2061-2067. [PMID: 32614616 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1786803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Findings on the health impact of moderate alcohol use in later-life have been discrepant. Unaddressed mechanisms of action and validity concerns may contribute to contrasting results. Several studies have demonstrated a beneficial relationship between moderate alcohol use and functional ability. Research is needed to identify mechanisms of action that explain this relationship, while employing methods to reduce common validity concerns in alcohol use research. This study examines social interaction and depressive symptoms as serial mediators in the relationship between moderate alcohol use and functional limitation in later-life. METHOD HRS data from 2012-2016 were utilized (n = 1,474); heavy drinkers, adults younger than 65, and respondents with inconsistent alcohol use from 2008 to 2016 were excluded. Hypotheses were evaluated using a longitudinal serial mediation model with bias-corrected bootstrapping. RESULTS Results indicated that, in the context of demographic variables, medical burden, and previous functional limitation, the relationship between 2012 moderate alcohol use and 2016 reduced functional limitation is only present when considering the mediating effect of 2014 depressive symptoms as a single mediator, and 2012 social interaction and 2014 depressive symptoms as serial mediators, respectively (total effect model R2=.167). CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that relationships between moderate drinking and reduced functional limitation are explained through increased social interaction and subsequent reduced depressive symptoms. Results identify social interaction as an accessible treatment target to address depressive symptoms and functional limitation, and support increased assessment of IADLs in adults experiencing depressive symptoms (and vice versa) to facilitate early treatment/prevention of functional and emotional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Scott
- Psychology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chelsea H Wiener
- Psychology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Psychology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Wharton T, Paulson D, James N, Laird R, Campos BM, Shepherd G. Implementation of the FL-REACH Caregiver Intervention: Translation in an Outpatient Memory Disorders Clinic. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7743421 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The REACH II intervention is the gold-standard in dementia caregiver interventions. The FL-REACH translation is a novel adaptation offered in both English and Spanish to an outpatient memory disorder clinic at an urban, Southeastern healthcare system. This pre-post feasibility trial involves 6 sessions (4 in person at the clinic and 2 by phone) with the identified caregiver and any other family who wish to attend, which may also include the person living with dementia. The program is focused on early stage post-diagnosis, and is structured around building rapport, empowering families to build support networks, and teaching skills and knowledge-based material. Twenty four of the 60-participant target sample have consented to participate in this ongoing study. Change on the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale is significant (t=3.03, p=.001, Cohen’s d=2.49). Means for the Zarit Burden 12-item scale went from 24.5 to 13.17 (t=-6.65, p=.03, Cohen’s d=3.53). Access by care recipients to dangerous objects decreased (67% to 14%). Confidence in ability to use behavioral strategies in caregiving increased from 8% at baseline to 72% at study completion. Satisfaction surveys indicate high satisfaction with all elements of the intervention. These outcomes are consistent with existing data regarding utility of the REACH framework and reflect feasibility of delivering an adapted program model in an outpatient clinic environment. A future randomized controlled trial should examine whether early intervention and training reduces utilization of emergency care over time and improves quality of life for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Wharton
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Nicholas James
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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James N, Paulson D. Development of a Novel Measure of Informal Caregiver Burnout. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7743535 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a concept which has permutated most settings over recent decades. However, due to its roots in occupational research there exists both theoretical and practical gaps to consider when measuring burnout within non-occupational settings, such as informal caregiving. This study developed and validated a measure of burnout for informal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, the Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory (ICBI). Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed. Development included a 10-step method for scale development proposed by Boateng and colleagues (2018). Expert feedback on item appropriateness and clarity was collected from 33 caregivers or related professional experts and used to modify the original item-bank. Following this, a national sample of 255 current caregivers was gathered. This survey included the ICBI, two gold-standard measures of burnout, and measures of depression and caregiver burden. Item reduction analysis was used to remove items with poor item-total and inter-domain correlations. The ICBI shows good item-agreement (Cronbach’s alpha= .88) and principles of Item Response Theory were used to measure item- and scale-wide information captured. Convergent validity was then compared against other measures of burnout using Bland-Altman Plots. Divergent validity was similarly assessed by comparing the ICBI to a depression questionnaire. Finally, the predictive validity of each burnout measure was compared to their association with burden and depression. This study suggests that the ICBI may perform adequately as an index of caregiver burnout, and thus is address a methodological and clinical gap in current efforts to understand the dynamics of caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas James
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Age-associated financial vulnerability was introduced because it was increasingly recognized that cognitively intact older adults experienced changes that rendered them financially vulnerable. In this study, we attempt to apply the construct of Age-Associated Financial Vulnerability to a measure of Perceived Financial Vulnerability and whether this perceived vulnerability is predicted by risk factors from the 4 categorical domains used to define Age-Associated Financial Vulnerability's impact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was part of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) survey in 2018. The survey contained 7 experimental module items of Perceived Financial Vulnerability. One thousand three hundred fourteen participants completed the Perceived Financial Vulnerability measure. The sample was drawn from Waves 13 and 14 of the HRS (2016 and 2018, respectively). The measurement of Perceived Financial Vulnerability was developed on the basis of 7 questions assessing financial awareness and psychological vulnerability items regarding personal finance that were included in the 2018 HRS data collection. Predictors included measures of cognition, function/health, depression, and wealth. Predictor measures from 2016 were regressed on 2018 Perceived Financial Vulnerability scores. RESULTS Six items of Perceived Financial Vulnerability had psychometric properties acceptable for a new measure. Responses revealed variability in Perceived Financial Vulnerability. Overall, 18% of variance was accounted for and measures from cognition, depression, assets, and functional abilities were all unique and significant predictors. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study represents both a conceptual and empirical contribution to our understanding of older adult's perceptions of financial vulnerability. The high levels of Perceived Financial Vulnerability found in this normative sample underscore the importance of context in understanding people's economic behaviors. For instance, more than one half of the sample indicated that they wished they had someone to talk to about their finances. This desire to talk with others is normative and yet often underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Lichtenberg
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - S Duke Han
- Departments of Family Medicine, Neurology, and Psychology and School of Gerontology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Scott RG, Wiener CH, Paulson D. The Benefit of Moderate Alcohol Use on Mood and Functional Ability in Later Life: Due to Beers or Frequent Cheers? Gerontologist 2020; 60:80-88. [PMID: 30358833 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence relates moderate alcohol consumption in later life to fewer depressive symptoms and greater functional ability. This study evaluated social interaction as a mediator of these outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data included older adults in the Health and Retirement Study. In Study 1, cross-sectional mediation analyses evaluated social interaction as a mechanism through which moderate alcohol use was related to decreased depressive symptomatology (Model 1; N = 2,294) and less functional limitation (Model 2; N = 2,357). In Study 2, longitudinal cross-lagged path analyses further evaluated the impact of moderate alcohol use and social interaction on future depressive symptoms and functional limitation. RESULTS In Study 1, results from Model 1 indicated that moderate alcohol use was associated with decreased depressive symptomatology indirectly via greater social interaction. In Model 2, moderate alcohol use was associated with less functional limitation indirectly via greater social interaction. In Study 2, significant indirect effects corroborated findings from Study 1. In Model 3, moderate alcohol use in 2012 inversely predicted depressive symptomatology in 2014 via greater levels of social interaction in 2012. In Model 4, moderate alcohol use in 2012 predicted less functional limitation in 2014 via greater social interaction in 2012. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Social interaction is essential to the seemingly beneficial effect of moderate alcohol use on depressive symptomatology and functional ability. Clinically, this suggests caution in attributing health benefits to consumption of alcohol itself and identifies social interaction as a treatment target for improved health outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna G Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Chelsea H Wiener
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
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Tomasino SF, Pines RM, Cottrill MP, Hamilton MA, Alvey K, Buen M, Chan-Myers H, Chang G, Dell’Aringa B, Gonzales E, Hitchins V, Hollingsworth A, Jeske A, Kingma D, Kitchen nee Dormstetter K, Klein D, Lappalainen S, Lawrence J, Lehman L, Malulla K, Michler T, Paulson D, Regan P, Rodriguez A, Rottjakob D, Sathe M, Steinagel S, Suchmann D, Tester J, To T, Wieland D, Zhang Q. Determining the Efficacy of Liquid Sporicides Against Spores of Bacillus subtilis on a Hard Nonporous Surface Using the Quantitative Three Step Method: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/91.4.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to validate the quantitative Three Step Method (TSM), a method designed to measure the performance of liquid sporicides on a hard nonporous surface. Ten laboratories agreed to participate in the collaborative study; data from 8 of 10 participating laboratories were used in the final statistical analysis. The TSM uses 5 5 1 mm glass coupons (carriers) upon which spores have been inoculated and which are introduced into liquid sporicidal agent contained in a microcentrifuge tube. Following exposure to a test chemical and a neutralization agent, spores are removed from carriers in 3 fractions: passive removal (Fraction A), sonication (Fraction B), and gentle agitation (Fraction C). Liquid from each fraction is serially diluted and plated on a recovery medium for spore enumeration. Control counts are compared to the treated counts, and the level of efficacy is determined by calculating the log10 reduction (LR) of spores. The main statistical goals were to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the LR values, to estimate the components of variance for LR, and to assess method responsiveness. AOAC Method 966.04Method II was used as a reference method. The scope of the validation was limited to testing liquid formulations against spores of Bacillus subtilis, a surrogate for virulent strains of B. anthracis, on a hard nonporous surface (glass). The test chemicals used in the study were sodium hypochlorite, a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and glutaraldehyde. Each test chemical was evaluated at 3 levels of presumed efficacy: high, medium, and low. Three replications were required. The TSM was validated as it successfully met the statistical parameters for quantitative test methods. Satisfactory validation parameters, such as the repeatability standard deviation (Sr) and reproducibility standard deviation (SR), were obtained for control carrier counts and LR values. Both the TSM and the reference method were responsive to the efficacy levels of the test chemicals. For the 72 total TSM tests conducted, the mean ( standard error of the mean) log density of spores per control carrier was 6.86 ( 0.08); the Sr and SR were low at 0.15 and 0.27, respectively. Across the range of test chemicals, the Sr and SR estimates associated with LR were also acceptably low. The Sr rangedfrom 0.17 to 0.72 and the SR ranged from 0.34 to 1.43. Overall, the Sr and SR estimates associated with the efficacy data were within the ranges published for other quantitative methods and meet the performance characteristics necessary for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Tomasino
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Environmental Science Center, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350
| | - Rebecca M Pines
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Environmental Science Center, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350
| | - Michele P Cottrill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Environmental Science Center, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350
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Scott R, Wiener C, Paulson D. FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION IN LATER LIFE: THE IMPACT OF SIPS, SOCIALIZATION, AND SADNESS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846626 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies posit discrepant impacts of alcohol use on health outcomes. Potential reasons for contrasting results include: (1) selection bias involved in classifying individuals as “abstainers” or “drinkers,” (2) unexamined demographic variables associated with alcohol use, and (3) unaddressed mechanisms of action. Given new studies identifying socialization as a mediator between alcohol use and health outcomes, this study examines social interaction and depressive symptoms, respectively, as serial mediators in the relationship between moderate alcohol use and functional limitation, while employing methods to reduce selection bias. HRS data from 2012 and 2014 were utilized (n=1,902); heavy drinkers, adults younger than 65, and respondents with inconsistent alcohol use from 2008 to 2014 were excluded. Hypotheses were evaluated using a longitudinal serial mediation model with bias-corrected bootstrapping. Results indicated that, in the context of demographic variables, medical burden, and previous functional limitation, the beneficial relationship between moderate alcohol use and future functional limitation is only present when considering social interaction and depressive symptoms as mediators, both individually and serially (variance accounted for=39.4%). There was no direct effect of moderate alcohol use on functional limitation outside the context of these mediators. Data indicate that previously suggested relationships between moderate drinking and reduced functional limitation are better explained through increased social interaction and subsequent reduced depressive symptoms. Results identify social interaction as an accessible treatment target to prevent/reduce depressive symptoms and functional limitation in later-life, and support increased assessment of IADLs in adults experiencing depressive symptoms to facilitate early treatment/prevention of functional limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Scott
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Chelsea Wiener
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Legon MH, Paulson D. BROODING MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR BURDEN AND VASCULAR DEPRESSION. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845326 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden confers risk for late-life depression. Though neuroanatomical correlates of vascular depression (prefrontal white matter hyperintensities) are well established, little is known about cognitive correlates; the identification of which may suggest therapeutic targets. Aims of this study are to examine the hypothesis that the relationship between cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptoms is moderated by brooding, a type of rumination. Method: A sample of 52 community-dwelling, stroke-free, individuals over the age of 70, without history of severe mental illness or dementia completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, and provided self-report (cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol) CVB data. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Results: Results of a bootstrapped model were that self-reported measures of CVB predicted depressive symptomatology. This relationship was significantly moderated by brooding. Among older adults, those who self-reported high CVB and medium to elevated levels of rumination experienced disproportionately more depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that brooding rumination may be one correlate of the vascular depression syndrome. Future research should examine neuroanatomical correlates of rumination among older adults, and further explore brooding as a therapeutic target for those with late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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James N, Paulson D. SUPPORT AND EDUCATION NEED FULFILLMENT IN INFORMAL DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6840361 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers vary widely in their need for and utilization of support services, and there are many reasons for this (e.g., time or financial cost, distance, perception of need). This study explored the disparity between services that are desired and those that are utilized, and examined the hypothesis that unmet needs are a determinant of caregiver burden. An online sample of informal caregivers (N=151) responded to a questionnaire containing a list of common caregiver support services: sharing duties, professional transportation, respite care, non-profit community organizations, financial counseling, caregiver education programs, support groups. Participants were presented with a list of support services and information and asked to indicate A) which they desired and B) which they had received while providing care. Respite care and financial counseling were identified as support that caregivers were unable to obtain, while caregiving education and family/friend support were most commonly fulfilled. A linear regression model controlling for demographic variables was constructed. Unfulfilled support needs accounted for 40.6% of variance in caregiver burden, however the final model included only total ratio of unfulfilled services, transportation services, stress management skills, professional treatment for the caregiver, and behavioral management skills. Results highlight the unique contribution of certain support services in burden reduction. These findings imply a need to improve accessibility to caregiver support, especially those which require payment (e.g., transportation aids and mental healthcare). Further implications and actionable changes related to caregiver support services are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas James
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Brush D, Paulson D, Legon MH, James N, Scheurich J, Stevenson B. SLEEP QUALITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN LATER-LIFE: CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION OF COGNITIVE MECHANISMS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846777 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sleep quality relates to depressive symptom endorsement. The mechanisms relating these variables are not clearly elucidated, though inhibitory control and rumination are believed to play key roles. The current study aims to elucidate the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms by examining the moderated mediating effect of inhibitory control and rumination. The sample included 41 community-dwelling older adults (age 70 and older). Measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory, a Stroop task (inhibitory control), the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. A series of bootstrapped models were employed to test hypotheses using a stepped approach. Poorer sleep quality was associated with higher rumination and depressive symptoms; however, these associations were no longer significant among older adults with higher inhibitory control. The association between sleep quality and depression was fully attenuated by rumination, and inhibitory control significantly moderated the association between sleep quality and rumination in the final model. Among community-dwelling older adults, the association between sleep quality and depression is mediated by rumination, and this effect is mitigated by inhibitory control. As such, these findings suggest that inhibitory control may be a relevant target for intervention in older adults with poor sleep quality, rumination, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brush
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - Nicholas James
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Wharton TC, Paulson D, Laird R, Clark J, Shepherd G, Bender F. THE FL-REACH PROJECT: TRANSLATING AN EBP FOR AN OUTPATIENT CLINICAL SETTING TO REACH DIVERSE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846851 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 500,000 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, constituting nearly 10% of all cases in the US, the state of Florida spends an estimated $20 billion per year on care and treatment related to this disease. The Florida State Plan on Aging reported that 75% of informal caregivers felt that early education and training should be a high priority for the state, and that difficult behaviors and limited knowledge about dementias were among the most significant challenges that they faced. The REACH II intervention is the gold-standard for evidence-based practices that address burden, well-being, and skills training for dementia caregivers. This presentation describes the partnership of a Memory Disorder Clinic (MDC) team and two university-based researchers working to embed a modified REACH protocol into an outpatient clinic. Critical streamlined components and new material designed to innovations since the REACH trials. The FL-REACH protocol is significantly shorter, adds a structured assessment for both patient and family needs, expands to include advanced care planning and grief modules, and intentionally builds linkages to the medical care team, with a focus on outreach to diverse families. This manualized intervention is offered to families of patients diagnosed through the MDC, thus capitalizing on the rapport and trust that is built, and providing in-house opportunities to engage diverse populations with a program grounded in the evidence base. This intervention provides critical foundational training for families that will bridge to seamless team coordination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C Wharton
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - Judy Clark
- Advent Health Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - Felicia Bender
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Paulson D, James N, Brush D. Quality of Life Enhancement Research Program: Lessons Learned. J Gerontol Soc Work 2019; 62:392-398. [PMID: 30724686 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1575135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The attempted Quality of Life Enhancement program appeared to be a novel method for creating a symbiotic and sustainable relationship between a large Southeastern university and local nursing home and assisted living facilities (ALF), through which ALF residents would attend university arts and sporting events. During implementation, it was discovered that this project was unsustainable, undesired, unneeded by many care centers, difficult to implement, and required a dedicated and specialized staff. After attempting to enroll 14 local care facilities, only 2 were interested in becoming involved and produced 5 eligible participants. During the program itself, coordination with facilities and residents was difficult to maintain and unique transportation and accommodation needs were challenging to overcome. Finally, data collection was time consuming and generally unfruitful. Ultimately the project was discontinued after a year of attempted recruitment and implementation of inclusive changes to protocol. While creating an ongoing relationship with local care facilities and local universities may enhance opportunities for residents and research into important areas, such relationships take time, effort, and specialized staff to maintain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- a College of Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida , USA
| | - Nicholas James
- a College of Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida , USA
| | - David Brush
- a College of Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida , USA
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Wharton T, Paulson D, Burcher K, Lesch H. Delirium and Antipsychotic Medications at Hospital Intake: Screening to Decrease Likelihood of Aggression in Inpatient Settings Among Unknown Patients With Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:118-123. [PMID: 30384769 PMCID: PMC10852489 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518809345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For individuals with dementia, disorientation and both external and internal stimuli may trigger behaviors that are difficult to manage or dangerous to health-care providers. Identification of correlational risk factors to aggressive behavior in patients who are unknown to the hospital can allow providers to adapt patient care quickly. Records for patients aged 60+ who spent at least 24 hours at the hospital other than in the psychiatric unit were used (N = 14 080). The first 4000 records and every 10th person who met criteria (N = 5008) were searched for documentation of dementia (n = 505). Logistic regressions and χ2 tests were used to examine relationships between variables. Recognition of delirium (P = .014, Exp(B) = 2.53), coupled with an existing prescription for antipsychotic medication at intake (P < .001, Exp(B) < 4.37), may be a reliable means of screening for risk and intervening at the earliest possible contact, improving quality of care and safety in acute care for individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Wharton
- School of Social Work & College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- UCF Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly Burcher
- UCF College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Heather Lesch
- UCF College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Brush
- University of Central Florida
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Wharton
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida
| | - E Gendron
- Alzheimers and Dementia Resource Center
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Shah M, Paulson D, Bassett R, Herring D, Scott R, Herrera M, James N. PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR A FEASIBLE DEMENTIA CAREGIVER SUPPORT GROUP IN A PRIMARY CARE SETTING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- University of Central Florida
| | | | | | | | - R Scott
- University of Central Florida
| | | | - N James
- University of Central Florida
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Patel S, Wharton T, Paulson D. NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE TO CLOSE THE GAP: UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE ACCESS BY AGE IN THE DEAF COMMUNITY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - T Wharton
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida
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Bassett R, Paulson D. PILOT TESTING AN EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGY FOR EXAMINING A DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF FILIAL OBLIGATION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Falcao D, Paulson D, Herrera M, Irurita Ballesteros C. ATTACHMENT, SATISFACTION IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIP, AND WELLBEING IN MARRIED ADULT CHILDREN CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Falcao
- University of Sao Paulo (USP) and University of Central Florida (UCF)
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Scott R, Paulson D, Camacho S. VALIDATION OF THE PAULSON-LICHTENBERG FRAILTY INDEX AGAINST THE DEFICIT ACCUMULATION MODEL. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- University of Central Florida
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary goal was to examine the relationship between alcohol use and frailty, a variable characterizing late-life decline, in a national, longitudinal survey of older adults living in the United States. METHODS The sample drawn from the Health and Retirement Study included 9,499 stroke-free participants over age 65 in 2000. The sample was 59.1% female, and had a mean age of 74.25 years (SD = 6.99). Follow-up data was from 2004, 2008, and 2012. Frailty was defined phenotypically using the Paulson-Lichtenberg Frailty Index (PLFI). Alcohol use was measured via self-report. Control variables included age, race, education, socio-economic status (SES), depressive symptomatology, medical burden score, body mass index (BMI), and partner status. With abstinent participants as the reference group, logistic regressions were conducted to determine prevalent frailty at 2000, and Cox's proportional hazard models were utilized to determine time to incident frailty over a 12-year period. RESULTS Results revealed that age, depressive symptomatology, and medical burden score were significant positive correlates of prevalent and incident frailty (p < .05) for both males and females. Logistic regressions revealed that consumption of 1-7 alcoholic drinks per week was associated with reduced prevalent frailty (OR = .49, p < .001) for females. Survival analysis results reveal that compared with nondrinkers, males and females who reportedly consumed 1-7 drinks per week had a decreased probability of incident frailty (HR = .78-081, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that moderate alcohol use confers reduced frailty risk for both older men and women. Future research should examine the mechanism(s) relating alcohol consumption and frailty. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support extant literature suggesting some healthcare benefits may be associated with moderate drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shah
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida, USA
| | - Vu Nguyen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida, USA
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Paulson D, Shah M, Herring D, Scott R, Herrera M, Brush D, Bassett R. The relationship between moderate alcohol consumption, depressive symptomatology, and C-reactive protein: the Health and Retirement Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:316-324. [PMID: 28612359 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moderate alcohol use has been broadly associated with health benefits among older adults, including improved mood. Aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship of moderate alcohol use and depressive symptomatology over a period of eight years, and to examine inflammation, indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP), as one mechanism by which this relationship functions. METHODS The study included 3177 community-dwelling participants over the age of 65 in 2008 drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Data from the 2006, 2008, 2012, and 2014 waves were used. Alcohol use was measured via self-report and was dichotomized as abstinent (0 drinks per week) and moderate (1-14 drinks per week). Inflammation was measured using CRP, which was collected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and provided in units of μg/mL. Control variables included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and medical burden. RESULTS A latent growth curve model with full information maximum likelihood was used, with results revealing that moderate drinkers endorsed fewer depressive symptoms at baseline and a steeper rate of change over time. Abstinent respondents' depressive symptomatology was characterized by a more linear change rate. Further, moderate drinkers had lower CRP levels suggesting that inflammation partially mediates the relationship between moderate alcohol use and depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Moderate alcohol use predicts fewer depressive symptoms among older adults. This relationship is partially moderated by CRP and is eroded by the passage of time. Future research should identify additional mechanisms relating alcohol to positive health outcomes and less depressive symptomatology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mona Shah
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Herring
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rosanna Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Manuel Herrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David Brush
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Bassett
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Scott R, Paulson D. Cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptomatology interrelate over 18 years: support for the vascular depression hypothesis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:66-74. [PMID: 28181702 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potentially incongruent research literatures suggest three divergent hypotheses about depressive symptomatology: (1) symptoms are recurrent; (2) later-life depression results from high cerebrovascular burden (CVB); and (3) depressive symptoms contribute to comorbidities causing vascular burden. Past vascular depression research assumes that later-life depressive symptoms relate uniquely to high CVB and not to prior, recurrent depression. This study examines these divergent hypotheses. METHODS Data include 5175 participants across 18 years from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (mean age at 1993 baseline was 53 years; follow-ups in 2004 and 2011). Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression. CVB was operationalized as hypertension, high blood sugar, diabetes, and other heart problems. Hypotheses were examined via a cross-lagged structural equation model and logistic regression. RESULTS Model fit was acceptable (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047; comparative fit index = 0.963). Hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported. Depressive symptomatology at 2004 and 2011 follow-ups was predicted by earlier depressive symptomatology and prior CVB. Hypothesis 3 was partially supported; depressive symptomatology in 2004 predicted subsequent CVB. Logistic regression results were that CVB predicted clinically significant depressive symptoms based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression clinical cutoff. CONCLUSIONS Cerebrovascular burden in midlife predicts depressive symptomatology in later-life, even after accounting for prior depressive symptomatology, supporting a fundamental assumption of the vascular depression hypothesis. Midlife depressive symptomatology also predicted escalation of CVB in later-life. Results suggest a process model of later-life depressive symptom development that interrelates CVB and depressive symptoms throughout the life span and have clinical implications for the interruption of this process through the integration of primary care and behavioral health specialists. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aggressive behaviors by patients with dementia present risk to health care workers and patients. An information processing model, developed to study aggressive behaviors among children, was applied to study aggression among older hospital patients with dementia. Hypotheses were that delirium and mental health or depression history, would relate to increased risk of aggressive behaviors. METHOD Electronic medical records were sampled for one year (n = 5008) and screened using the EMERSE search engine and hand review for dementia (n = 505) and aggressive behavior in individuals with dementia (n = 121). Records were reviewed for mental health history and presence of delirium. RESULTS Regression analyses found interaction effects representing delirium and mental health or depression history associated with greater risk of aggressive behavior. Significant main effects were found for both dementia and mental health or depression history. Of the lowest risk group, 12% of patients exhibited aggression compared to 24%-35% of those with delirium, mental health or depression history, or the combination of these risk factors. CONCLUSION Delirium is the leading correlate of aggressive behaviors in hospitalized patients with dementia, and delirium or history of mental health diagnosis may lead to increased risk of aggressive behaviors in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Macri
- University of Central Florida School of Social Work
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Paulson D, Bassett R, Kitsmiller E, Luther K, Conner N. When Employment and Caregiving Collide: Predictors of Labor Force Participation in Prospective and Current Caregivers. Clin Gerontol 2017; 40:401-412. [PMID: 28452638 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2016.1198856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Female caregivers often reduce time spent at work to care for aging family members, which precipitates financial hardship and other adverse outcomes. Little is known about psychosocial correlates of labor force participation (LFP) among female caregivers. The theory of planned behavior posits that social norms, attitudes, and perceived control predict intentions and volitional behaviors, but also that the compelling influence of situational variables undermines enactment of behaviors consistent with one's intentions. The objective of this study was to employ the theory of planned behavior to examine how psychosocial characteristics predict willingness to reduce LFP among prospective caregivers and actual LFP reduction among active caregivers. METHODS Subsamples of 165 female prospective caregivers and 97 active female caregivers responded to a survey assessing filial beliefs and LFP. RESULTS Filial obligation and caregiver preparedness predicted intentions to reduce LFP among prospective caregivers, but did not predict actual reduction in LFP in active caregivers. Weekly care demands exceeding 20 hours emerged as the sole correlate of LFP among active caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Domains of the theory of planned behavior predict LFP intentions, but LFP decisions are subject to external pressures, specifically, time demands of the caregiving relationship. Prospective caregivers may benefit from proactive interventions aimed at reducing conflict between situational demands and filial beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- a University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | - Rachel Bassett
- a University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | | | - Kandace Luther
- a University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | - Norma Conner
- a University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA
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Herrera M, Bassett R, Paulson D. PREDICTORS OF END-OF-LIFE PLANNING: HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Herrera
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - D. Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Paulson D, Shah M, Herring D, Scott R, Herrera M, Brush D, Bassett R. C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PARTIALLY MEDIATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERATE ALCOHOL USE AND DEPRESSION. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - M. Shah
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - D. Herring
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - R. Scott
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - M. Herrera
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - D. Brush
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Scott R, Paulson D. VASCULAR DEPRESSION FUNCTIONS INDEPENDENTLY OF APOE GENOTYPE: THE WISCONSIN LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - D. Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Herring D, Paulson D. MODERATE ALCOHOL USE AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE OVER TIME AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Herring
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - D. Paulson
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substantive past research suggests that moderate alcohol use confers beneficial health outcomes. The study of moderate alcohol use and cognition has produced variable findings. The primary goal was to examine the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive aging over time (Experiment 1), in a demographically representative, longitudinal survey of older adults. Experiment 2 examined the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E-4 (ApoE-4) would moderate the relationship between moderate drinking and performance on cognitive domains. METHOD The sample was drawn from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) supplement of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and included 856 participants over age 65 in 2001. Follow-up data were from 2002, 2006, and 2008. Alcohol use was measured via self-report. Control variables included gender, age, race, number of years of education, medical burden (total number of medical diseases), and marital status. RESULTS Results of Experiment 1 indicated that moderate alcohol use was significantly associated with better baseline functioning across cognitive measures (p ≤ .05), but had no significant effect on rate of change over time across cognitive domains. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that while ApoE-4 carriage did not moderate the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive performance, generally, both ApoE-4 and moderate alcohol use were significant predictors of cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, findings from this study support past findings that moderate alcohol use is associated with better cognitive functioning among community-dwelling older adults, and these relative benefits appear to persist throughout later life. However, the role of individual differences on manifestation of benefit remain very poorly understood. Future research should further examine the respective roles of demographic differences associated with cognitive aging, genetic moderators, and the influence of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Herring
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
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Wiener CH, Cassisi JE, Paulson D, Husson O, Gupta RA. Information support, illness perceptions, and distress in survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317692143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer report significant distress. This study examines illness perceptions as mediating the relationship between information support and distress among survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer. Data were obtained from the Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial Treatment and Long-term Evaluation of Survivorship registry. Model results revealed that greater information support was associated with better illness perceptions, and that better illness perceptions were associated with less distress. Information support and distress were indirectly related via illness perceptions. Results highlight the importance of addressing illness perceptions in this population and suggest that informational interventions may help serve this function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olga Husson
- Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Past work found that close adult attachment dimension scores predict caregiver preparedness. Theory and past research suggests filial obligation (FO) may mediate the relationship between attachment and caregiver preparedness. The goal of this study was to test that hypothesis. METHOD The sample, collected using Mechanical Turk, included 165 women between the ages of 45 and 65 years who were not providing care to an aging parent. Participants were reimbursed $0.75 for completing an online survey assessing response validity, dimensions of adult attachment, depressive symptomatology, FO, and caregiver preparedness, among other variables. The mean participant age was 52.2 years (SD = 5.5). RESULTS The sample was predominantly White/Caucasian (82.6%), and Black/African American (7.3%). With respect to education, 14.5% completed high school or general education development (GED), 32.7% completed some college, 36.4% completed a Bachelor's degree, and 15.7% completed graduate degrees. The three attachment dimensions (close, dependent, and anxious) and FO were all significantly inner-correlated. Stepwise multiple regression analyses found that FO fully mediates the relationship between close attachment and caregiver preparedness, even after controlling for age, education, income, depression, and birth order. CONCLUSION The primary finding is that FO mediates the relationship between close attachment style and caregiver preparedness among prospective caregivers. This suggests that individual differences in attachment style among prospective caregivers indirectly predict preparedness for future caregiving through FO, suggesting a mechanism relating attachment style and preparation for future care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , United States
| | - Rachel Bassett
- a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , United States
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Shah M, Paulson D. C-reactive protein level partially mediates the relationship between moderate alcohol use and frailty: the Health and Retirement Study. Age Ageing 2016; 45:874-878. [PMID: 27496931 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND frailty is an indicator of late-life decline marked by higher rates of disability and healthcare utilisation. Research has linked health benefits with moderate alcohol use, including frailty risk reduction. Past work suggests inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), as one candidate mechanism for this effect. OBJECTIVE this study aims to elucidate a possible mechanism - CRP modulation - by which moderate alcohol consumption may protect against frailty. METHODS a cross-sectional study using data from the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) conducted by the University of Michigan. The HRS is a cohort study on health, retirement and aging on adults aged 50 and older living in the USA. A final sample of 3,229 stroke-free participants, over the age of 65 years and with complete data, was identified from the 2008 wave. Alcohol use was measured via self-report. Frailty was measured using the Paulson-Lichtenberg Frailty Index. CRP was collected through the HRS protocol. RESULTS results from structural equation modelling support the hypothesised model that moderate alcohol use is associated with less frailty and lower CRP levels. Furthermore, the indirect relationship from moderate alcohol use to frailty through CRP was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS overall findings suggest that inflammation measured by CRP is one mechanism by which moderate alcohol use may confer protective effects for frailty. These findings inform future research relating alcohol use and frailty, and suggest inflammation as a possible mechanism in the relationship between moderate alcohol use and other beneficial health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shah
- University of Central Florida - Psychology, 4111 Pictor Lane, Room 135, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Daniel Paulson
- University of Central Florida - Psychology, 4111 Pictor Lane, Room 135, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Lichtenberg PA, Sugarman MA, Paulson D, Ficker LJ, Rahman-Filipiak A. Psychological and Functional Vulnerability Predicts Fraud Cases in Older Adults: Results of a Longitudinal Study. Clin Gerontol 2016; 39:48-63. [PMID: 27065511 PMCID: PMC4824611 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2015.1101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using cross sectional data Psychological vulnerability was identified as a correlate of older adult's being defrauded. We extend that research by examining fraud prevalence using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, and to identify the best predictors of fraud longitudinally across a 4-year time frame. Whereas reported fraud prevalence was 5.0% in a 5-year look-back period in 2008, it increased to 6.1% in 2012. The rate of new-incident fraud across only a 4-year look-back was 4.3%. Being younger-old, having a higher level of education, and having more depression significantly predicted the new cases of fraud reported in 2012. Psychological vulnerability was a potent longitudinal predictor of fraud, with the most vulnerable individuals being more than twice as likely to be defrauded. Results indicate that fraud victimization among older adults is rising, and that vulnerability variables, along with some demographic variables, predict new cases of fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Sugarman
- Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology and department of Psychology, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Lisa J Ficker
- Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology and department of Psychology, Detroit, MI
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the Paulson-Lichtenberg Frailty Index (PLFI), a self-report measure that is based on Fried's well-established frailty phenotype. The PLFI is examined using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) database, for which it was developed. METHODS The sample was drawn from the HRS and included 8844 community-dwelling older adults. Frailty was measured using the PLFI's five-item frailty index (wasting, weakness, slowness, falls, and fatigue). RESULTS In comparison to intermediate-frail or non-frail respondents, frail respondents were found to be older, more medically compromised, and less independent for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). On average, frail respondents reported worse self-rated health and had fewer years of education. Women, ethnic minorities, and those who were not partnered were also more likely to be frail. Over subsequent years, frail respondents were more likely to be hospitalized, report more loss of independence, and experience higher mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS The PLFI is a valid tool for assessing frailty in the HRS data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter A. Lichtenberg
- Department of Psychology & Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Paulson D, Horner MD, Bachman D. A Comparison of Four Embedded Validity Indices for the RBANS in a Memory Disorders Clinic. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 30:207-16. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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