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Clayer E, Dalseno D, Kueh A, Lacey D, Tsai M, Arvell EH, Wimmer VC, Bouillet P. Severe Impairment of TNF Post-transcriptional Regulation Leads to Embryonic Death. iScience 2020; 23:101726. [PMID: 33210082 PMCID: PMC7658709 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms control mRNA stability or translational efficiency via ribosomes, and recent evidence indicates that it is a major determinant of the accurate levels of cytokine mRNAs. Transcriptional regulation of Tnf has been well studied and found to be important for the rapid induction of Tnf mRNA and regulation of the acute phase of inflammation, whereas study of its post-transcriptional regulation has been largely limited to the role of the AU-rich element (ARE), and to a lesser extent, to that of the constitutive decay element (CDE). We have identified another regulatory element (NRE) in the 3' UTR of Tnf and demonstrate that ARE, CDE, and NRE cooperate in vivo to efficiently downregulate Tnf expression and prevent autoimmune inflammatory diseases. We also show that excessive TNF may lead to embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Clayer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Destiny Dalseno
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Derek Lacey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Minhsuang Tsai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elyas H. Arvell
- Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Verena C. Wimmer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Corresponding author
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Seillet C, Arvell EH, Lacey D, Stutz MD, Pellegrini M, Whitehead L, Rimes J, Hawkins ED, Roediger B, Belz GT, Bouillet P. Constitutive overexpression of TNF in BPSM1 mice causes iBALT and bone marrow nodular lymphocytic hyperplasia. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:29-38. [PMID: 30107066 PMCID: PMC6378607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BPSM1 (Bone phenotype spontaneous mutant 1) mice develop severe polyarthritis and heart valve disease as a result of a spontaneous mutation in the Tnf gene. In these mice, the insertion of a retrotransposon in the 3' untranslated region of Tnf causes a large increase in the expression of the cytokine. We have found that these mice also develop inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT), as well as nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in the bone marrow. Loss of TNFR1 prevents the development of both types of follicles, but deficiency of TNFR1 in the hematopoietic compartment only prevents the iBALT and not the NLH phenotype. We show that the development of arthritis and heart valve disease does not depend on the presence of the tertiary lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, while loss of IL-17 or IL-23 limits iBALT and NLH development to some extent, it has no effect on polyarthritis or heart valve disease in BPSM1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Seillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Elysa H Arvell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Derek Lacey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Michael D Stutz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Joel Rimes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Ben Roediger
- The Centenary InstituteCamperdownNSW2050Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC3052Australia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
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Abstract
High levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have been associated with many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis. Although it has been clear for twenty-five years that TNF plays a major role in RA and AS, two major questions remain unanswered: (1) What mechanism underlies the loss of control of TNF levels in patients? (2) How does TNF exert its detrimental effects? Nonetheless, biological anti-TNF drugs have become the most successful treatment of these conditions with a third of patients entering remission, and the global market for biological TNF inhibitors is now estimated at around US$35 billions. However, their use is limited by their cost, the fact that they need to be injected, non-negligible side effects and the development of resistance due to the protein (thus antigenic) nature of these TNF inhibitors. It looks inevitable that new approaches to lower the amount of TNF should be considered. To do this, a better understanding of the regulation of TNF expression is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lacey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Louis C, Cook AD, Lacey D, Fleetwood AJ, Vlahos R, Anderson GP, Hamilton JA. Specific Contributions of CSF-1 and GM-CSF to the Dynamics of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. J I 2015; 195:134-44. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Manuelpillai U, Lourensz D, Vaghjiani V, Tchongue J, Lacey D, Tee JY, Murthi P, Chan J, Hodge A, Sievert W. Human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation induces markers of alternative macrophage activation and reduces established hepatic fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38631. [PMID: 22719909 PMCID: PMC3375296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatic inflammation from multiple etiologies leads to a fibrogenic response that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) from term delivered placenta has been shown to decrease mild to moderate hepatic fibrosis in a murine model. To model advanced human liver disease and assess the efficacy of hAEC therapy, we transplanted hAEC in mice with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice weekly resulting in bridging fibrosis by 12 weeks. hAEC (2×106) were infused via the tail vein at week 8 or weeks 8 and 10 (single and double dose, respectively). Human cells were detected in mouse liver four weeks after transplantation showing hAEC engraftment. CCl4 treated mice receiving single or double hAEC doses showed a significant but similar decrease in liver fibrosis area associated with decreased activation of collagen-producing hepatic stellate cells and decreased hepatic protein levels of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1. CCl4 administration caused hepatic T cell infiltration that decreased significantly following hAEC transplantation. Hepatic macrophages play a crucial role in both fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution. Mice exposed to CCl4 demonstrated increased numbers of hepatic macrophages compared to normal mice; the number of macrophages decreased significantly in CCl4 treated mice given hAEC. These mice had significantly lower hepatic protein levels of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 than mice given CCl4 alone. Alternatively activated M2 macrophages are associated with fibrosis resolution. CCl4 treated mice given hAEC showed increased expression of genes associated with M2 macrophages including YM-1, IL-10 and CD206. We provide novel data showing that hAEC transplantation induces a wound healing M2 macrophage phenotype associated with reduction of established hepatic fibrosis that justifies further investigation of this potential cell-based therapy for advanced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Manuelpillai
- Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dinushka Lourensz
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jorge Tchongue
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Derek Lacey
- University of Melbourne, Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jing-Yang Tee
- Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Pregnancy Research Center, Department of Perinatal Medicine, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Chan
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Hodge
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Toh ML, Aeberli D, Lacey D, Yang Y, Santos LL, Clarkson M, Sharma L, Clyne C, Morand EF. Regulation of IL-1 and TNF receptor expression and function by endogenous macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Immunol 2006; 177:4818-25. [PMID: 16982923 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has a key role in regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in sepsis, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune disease. MIF deficiency or immunoneutralization leads to protection against fatal endotoxic, exotoxic, and infective shock, and anti-inflammatory effects in other experimental models of inflammatory disease. We report a novel regulatory role of MIF in type 1 IL-1R and p55 TNFR expression and function. Compared with wild-type cells, MIF-deficient cells were hyporesponsive to IL-1- and TNF-induced MAPK activity, AP-1 activity, and cellular proliferation, while NF-kappaB function was preserved. Hyporesponsiveness of MIF-deficient cells was associated with down-regulation of cytokine receptor expression, which was restored by reconstitution of either an upstream kinase of MAPK, MAPK/ERK kinase, or MIF. These data suggest that endogenous MIF is required for cytokine activation of MAPK/AP-1 and cytokine receptor expression. This autocrine regulatory pathway defines an important amplifying role of endogenous MIF in cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory diseases and provides further molecular evidence for the critical role of MIF in cellular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myew-Ling Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
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Padagas J, Colloton M, Shalhoub V, Kostenuik P, Morony S, Munyakazi L, Guo M, Gianneschi D, Shatzen E, Geng Z, Tan HL, Dunstan C, Lacey D, Martin D. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand inhibitor osteoprotegerin is a bone-protective agent in a rat model of chronic renal insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 78:35-44. [PMID: 16362459 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-005-0161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts by neutralizing the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), the primary mediator of osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. We examined whether OPG could affect the bone loss associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a rodent model of CKD and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). SHPT was induced in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) and a 1.2% P/0.6% Ca(2+) diet. Starting 1 week after 5/6 Nx, rats were treated with vehicle (veh) or OPG-Fc (3 mg/kg, intravenously) every 2 weeks for 9 weeks. At baseline, 3, 6, and 9 weeks, blood was taken and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum parathyroid hormone (sPTH) levels reached 912 pg/ml in 5/6 Nx rats vs. 97 pg/ml in shams at 9 weeks. OPG-Fc had no effect on sPTH or Ca(2+) levels throughout the 9-week study, indicating that SHPT was a renal effect independent of bone changes. At 3 weeks, 5/6 Nx-veh rats had osteopenia compared with sham-veh rats and 5/6 Nx-OPG-Fc rats had significantly higher percent changes in whole-body BMC, leg BMD, and lumbar BMD versus 5/6 Nx-veh rats. By 6-9 weeks, elevated sPTH was associated with reversal of bone loss and osteitis fibrosa in the proximal tibial metaphysis. OPG-Fc decreased this sPTH-driven high bone turnover, resulting in augmented thickness of proximal tibial trabeculae in 5/6 Nx rats. Thus, RANKL inhibition with OPG-Fc can block the deleterious effects of continuously elevated sPTH on bone, suggesting that RANKL may be an important therapeutic target for protecting bone in patients with CKD and SHPT.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperparathyroidism/etiology
- Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism
- Hyperparathyroidism/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Osteoprotegerin
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- RANK Ligand
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Padagas
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Taranto E, Xue JR, Lacey D, Hutchinson P, Smith M, Morand EF, Leech M. Detection of the p53 regulator murine double-minute protein 2 in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32:424-9. [PMID: 15742432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplasia of synovial lining tissue, which is involved directly in the damage of cartilage and bone. One of the factors thought to contribute to this synovial lining hyperplasia is dysregulation of, or functional abnormality in, the tumor suppressor protein p53. The protein known as murine double-minute protein 2 (MDM2) is the major negative regulator of p53, and in tumors contributes to increased cell proliferation. The detection of MDM2 in rheumatoid synovium has not previously been described. We investigated whether this protein is detectable in cells and tissues derived from patients with RA. METHODS Expression of MDM2 protein was examined in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by methods including permeabilization flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, and in synovial tissues using immunohistochemistry. The proliferative capacity of these cells was also examined using 3H/thymidine incorporation. Cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide incorporation. RESULTS MDM2 was detected in RA FLS and synovial tissues. MDM2 protein was identified in CD14-positive and CD14-negative synovial lining cells and CD14-positive sublining cells. RA FLS exhibited faster proliferative rates and higher levels of MDM2 expression than FLS derived from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Both OA and RA FLS were found to be in similar phases of the cell cycle at the time of MDM2 protein analysis. CONCLUSION The abundant expression of MDM2 in RA may be a contributing factor to the hypoapoptotic phenotype of lining tissue through its capacity to downregulate p53 levels and effects. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between this cell-cycle protein profile, tissue hyperplasia, and the functional abnormality of p53 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Taranto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Locked Bag No. 29, Clayton, Melbourne, 3168 Australia.
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Santos LL, Lacey D, Yang Y, Leech M, Morand EF. Activation of synovial cell p38 MAP kinase by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Rheumatol 2004; 31:1038-43. [PMID: 15170913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine important in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the utilization by MIF of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathways in the stimulation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 expression. METHODS Cultured human RA FLS were treated with recombinant MIF. Activation of MAPK was measured by Western blotting and blocked using specific inhibitors. The expression of COX-2, PGE(2), IL-6, and IL-8 were measured using flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MIF induced the phosphorylation of FLS p38 and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) MAP kinase. MIF significantly induced COX-2 and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression as well as PGE(2) and IL-8 production. Antagonism of p38 MAP kinase inhibited MIF induction of COX-2, PGE(2), and IL-6. In contrast, antagonism of ERK had no effect on COX-2, PGE(2), or IL-6. Neither antagonist inhibited MIF-induced IL-8. CONCLUSION MIF activates RA FLS COX-2 and IL-6 expression via p38 MAP kinase activation and induces IL-8 via p38 and ERK MAP kinase-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani L Santos
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
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Mehl GH, Valvo F, Lacey D, Goodby JW, Das-Gupta DK. Properties of side chain liquid crystal polyesters containing chiral groups in the main chain. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Harrison BC, Allen DL, Girten B, Stodieck LS, Kostenuik PJ, Bateman TA, Morony S, Lacey D, Leinwand LA. Skeletal muscle adaptations to microgravity exposure in the mouse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:2462-70. [PMID: 12882990 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00603.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of microgravity on murine skeletal muscle fiber size, muscle contractile protein, and enzymatic activity, female C57BL/6J mice, aged 64 days, were divided into animal enclosure module (AEM) ground control and spaceflight (SF) treatment groups. SF animals were flown on the space shuttle Endeavour (STS-108/UF-1) and subjected to approximately 11 days and 19 h of microgravity. Immunohistochemical analysis of muscle fiber cross-sectional area revealed that, in each of the muscles analyzed, mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) for all fiber types for SF vs. AEM control. In the soleus, immunohistochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression revealed a significant increase in the percentage of muscle fibers expressing MHC IIx and MHC IIb (P < 0.05). For the gastrocnemius and plantaris, no significant changes in MHC isoform expression were observed. For the muscles analyzed, no alterations in MHC I or MHC IIa protein expression were observed. Enzymatic analysis of the gastrocnemius revealed a significant decrease in citrate synthase activity in SF vs. AEM control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Leech M, Lacey D, Xue JR, Santos L, Hutchinson P, Wolvetang E, David JR, Bucala R, Morand EF. Regulation of p53 by macrophage migration inhibitory factor in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:1881-9. [PMID: 12847682 DOI: 10.1002/art.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the capacity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and p53 in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from humans with RA. METHODS Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in MIF(-/-) mice and littermate controls. FLS were obtained from patients with RA. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure p53 in cells and tissues. Apoptosis was detected in cells by flow cytometry using TUNEL and annexin V/propidium iodide labeling. Apoptosis in tissue was detected using TUNEL. Proliferation was assessed in cultured cells and tissue by (3)H-thymidine incorporation and Ki-67 immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS MIF inhibited p53 expression in human RA FLS. Levels of p53 were correspondingly increased in MIF(-/-) mouse tissues and cells. Spontaneous and sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis were significantly increased in MIF(-/-) cells. In vitro exposure of FLS to MIF reduced apoptosis and significantly induced FLS proliferation. Synoviocyte proliferation in MIF(-/-) mice was correspondingly reduced. A decrease in the severity of AIA in MIF(-/-) mice was associated with an increase in p53 and apoptosis in synovium. Evidence of in situ proliferation was scant in this model, and no difference in in situ proliferation was detectable in MIF(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate a role for MIF in the regulation of p53 expression and p53-mediated events in the inflamed synovium and support the hypothesis that MIF is of critical importance in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leech
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Locked Bag Number 29, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Lacey D, Sampey A, Mitchell R, Bucala R, Santos L, Leech M, Morand E. Control of fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:103-9. [PMID: 12528110 DOI: 10.1002/art.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hyperplasia of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is considered essential to the evolution of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms underlying FLS proliferation remain poorly understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that has recently been shown to exert proinflammatory effects on RA FLS. This study sought to identify the mechanisms of activation of FLS by MIF, and to assess the effects of MIF on synovial cell proliferation. METHODS Human RA FLS were treated with recombinant MIF, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and/or anti-MIF monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Proliferation was measured with tritiated thymidine incorporation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation were measured with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS FLS proliferation was significantly increased by MIF. IL-1 beta and TNFalpha also induced proliferation, but these effects were prevented by neutralization with anti-MIF mAb. Activation of NF-kappa B was induced by IL-1 beta, but not by MIF. Anti-MIF mAb had no effect on IL-1 beta-induced NF-kappa B nuclear translocation. By contrast, MIF induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAP kinase. ERK antagonism, but not NF-kappa B antagonism, prevented the effect of MIF on FLS proliferation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MIF may regulate RA synovial hyperplasia by acting directly and via involvement in the effects of IL-1 beta and TNFalpha. In addition, the effects of MIF on FLS activation are independent of NF-kappa B, and dependent on ERK MAP kinase. These data suggest an important therapeutic potential for MIF antagonism in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lacey
- Monash University Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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Williams G, Nazemi A, Karasz FE, Hill JS, Lacey D, Gray GW. Dielectric relaxation properties and alignment behavior of a liquid-crystalline polymer having laterally attached mesogenic groups. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00018a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shi YJ, Consta S, Das AK, Mallik B, Lacey D, Lipson RH. A 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet laser/time-of-flight mass spectroscopic study of methanol and ethanol clusters in the vapor phase. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1466467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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17
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Khare SD, Sarosi I, Xia XZ, McCabe S, Miner K, Solovyev I, Hawkins N, Kelley M, Chang D, Van G, Ross L, Delaney J, Wang L, Lacey D, Boyle WJ, Hsu H. Severe B cell hyperplasia and autoimmune disease in TALL-1 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:3370-5. [PMID: 10716715 PMCID: PMC16246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TALL-1/Blys/BAFF is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily that is functionally involved in B cell proliferation. Here, we describe B cell hyperplasia and autoimmune lupus-like changes in transgenic mice expressing TALL-1 under the control of a beta-actin promoter. The TALL-1 transgenic mice showed severe enlargement of spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches because of an increased number of B220+ cells. The transgenic mice also had hypergammaglobulinemia contributed by elevations of serum IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE. In addition, a phenotype similar to autoimmune lupus-like disease was also seen in TALL-1 transgenic mice, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and immune complex deposits in the kidney. Prolonged survival and hyperactivity of transgenic B cells may contribute to the autoimmune lupus-like phenotype in these animals. Our studies further confirm TALL-1 as a stimulator of B cells that affect Ig production. Thus, TALL-1 may be a primary mediator in B cell-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Khare
- Department, Pharmacology, Amgen, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
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18
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Lacey D, Richardson T, Davis F, Capan R. Pyroelectric superlattices based on copolysiloxane/calix[8]arene alternate layer LB films. Materials Science and Engineering: C 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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McCallion P, Toseland RW, Lacey D, Banks S. Educating nursing assistants to communicate more effectively with nursing home residents with dementia. Gerontologist 1999; 39:546-58. [PMID: 10568079 DOI: 10.1093/geront/39.5.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the development and evaluation of a Nursing Assistant Communication Skills Program (NACSP). NACSP was designed to help nursing assistants (NAs) interact more effectively with nursing home residents with moderate and severe dementia. In two skilled-care nursing homes, NAs in four units were randomly assigned by unit to NACSP or to a wait-list control condition (UC) and were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. NACSP resulted in improvement in the well-being of nursing home residents being cared for by NAs who had received the NACSP training. It was also found that NACSP resulted in greater knowledge of caregiving responses and reduced turnover rates among NAs, but the program had no impact on their knowledge of dementia. To disseminate the NACSP program, a leader manual, an accompanying training videotape, and a workbook for participants were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P McCallion
- School of Social Welfare, Ringel Institute of Gerontology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA.
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20
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Mann TE, Haley J, Lacey D. Separation and identification of stereoisomers of a tetrameric side-chain liquid crystalline cyclic siloxane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a807003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Endobronchial tumours are rare in childhood and are not often considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent pneumonitis and atelectasis. We present the clinical and radiological features of seven cases of childhood bronchial 'adenoma' seen at our hospital over a 16-year period. Because they are relatively slow growing, prompt diagnosis and early surgical treatment offer the best chance of cure in these patients. A review of the literature is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Curtis
- Department of Radiology, Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust-Alder Hey, UK
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22
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North N, Lupton C, Khan P, Lacey D. All together now.... Nurs Times 1998; 94:38-40. [PMID: 9791488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N North
- School of Social and Historical Studies, University of Portsmouth
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23
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Lacey D, Beattie HN, Mitchell GR, Pople JA. Orientation effects in monodomain nematic liquid crystalline polysiloxane elastomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a705570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Juan TS, McNiece IK, Van G, Lacey D, Hartley C, McElroy P, Sun Y, Argento J, Hill D, Yan XQ, Fletcher FA. Chronic expression of murine flt3 ligand in mice results in increased circulating white blood cell levels and abnormal cellular infiltrates associated with splenic fibrosis. Blood 1997; 90:76-84. [PMID: 9207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of chronic expression of flt3 ligand (FL) on in vivo hematopoiesis was studied. Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer was used in a mouse model of bone marrow transplantation to enforce expression of mouse FL cDNA in hematopoietic tissues. As early as 2 weeks posttransplantation, peripheral blood white blood cell counts in FL-overexpressing recipients were significantly elevated compared with controls. With the exception of eosinophils, all nucleated cell lineages studied were similarly affected in these animals. Experimental animals also exhibited severe anemia and progressive loss of marrow-derived erythropoiesis. All of the FL-overexpressing animals, but none of the controls, died between 10 and 13 weeks posttransplantation. Upon histological examination, severe splenomegaly was noted, with progressive fibrosis and infiltration by abnormal lymphoreticular cells. Abnormal cell infiltration also occurred in other organ systems, including bone marrow and liver. In situ immunocytochemistry on liver sections showed that the cellular infiltrate was CD3+/NLDC145+/CD11c+, but B220- and F4/80-, suggestive of a mixed infiltrate of dendritic cells and activated T lymphocytes. Infiltration of splenic blood vessel perivascular spaces resulted in vascular compression and eventual occlusion, leading to splenic necrosis consistent with infarction. These results show that FL can affect both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages in vivo and further demonstrate the potential toxicity of in vivo treatment with FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Juan
- Department of Developmental Hematology, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 93012-1789, USA
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25
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Ulich TR, Whitcomb L, Tang W, O'Conner Tressel P, Tarpley J, Yi ES, Lacey D. Keratinocyte growth factor ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced ulcerative hemorrhagic cystitis. Cancer Res 1997; 57:472-5. [PMID: 9012476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), an epithelial and urothelial growth factor, ameliorates cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis in rats, KGF (5 mg/kg) was injected in rats as a single i.v. injection 24 h prior to i.p. injection of CP (200 mg/kg). Bladders were evaluated histologically 48 h after CP injection, and KGF pretreatment was found to almost completely prevent CP-induced ulcerative hemorrhagic cystitis. Urinary KGF levels were measured by ELISA, and KGF was found to be undetectable in control urine, but it was found to appear in the urine of KGF-treated rats at 8 h, with a peak concentration of approximately 10 ng/ml. Bilateral nephrectomy did not diminish the proliferative effect of KGF on urothelium, suggesting that the contribution of urinary KGF to urothelial proliferation is insignificant. In conclusion, systemic administration of KGF is protective against CP-induced cystitis. Although KGF appears in the urine, urinary KGF is not necessary for the proliferative action of KGF on urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Ulich
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
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26
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Desai GR, Myerson RJ, Higashikubo R, Birnbaum E, Fleshman J, Fry R, Kodner I, Kucik N, Lacey D, Ribeiro M. Carcinoma of the rectum. Possible cellular predictors of metastatic potential and response to radiation therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39:1090-6. [PMID: 8831521 DOI: 10.1007/bf02081406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative radiation therapy can markedly improve local control of rectal carcinoma. However, some tumors do not respond well to moderate doses of preoperative radiation and would be better served by more aggressive preoperative treatment (e.g., chemoradiotherapy). Cellular predictors of responsiveness to radiation can help to select lesions for more aggressive treatment. In addition, there is a need for cellular predictors of metastatic potential. This is particularly important in the setting of preoperative radiation-downstaging by preoperative treatment can obscure the true pathologic stage of a tumor and confound the usual selection criteria for postoperative chemotherapy. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to determine if proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, DNA ploidy, and S-phase fraction are associated with response to radiation and/or risk for distant metastatic disease and to determine if these cellular markers are best evaluated from preradiation biopsy specimen or the larger (but possibly altered) final surgical specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archival specimens from 23 cases of ultrasound T3 or T4 rectal carcinoma treated preoperatively with radiation therapy were reviewed. Eligible lesions had preradiation biopsy specimens of sufficient size for flow cytometric review of archival tissue. Factors considered included PCNA positivity, presence of mutant nuclear p53, more than 30 percent tumor cells in S-phase, and presence of aneuploidy. RESULTS With a median follow-up of three years, overall freedom from relapse was 83 percent, with all but one failure being extrapelvic. PCNA positivity in the preradiation specimen was significantly (P = 0.025) associated with a greater risk of tumor recurrence. In addition, there was a trend to greater likelihood of "probable downstaging" (defined as surgical T stage less than preradiation ultrasound T stage) for lesions that were PCNA-negative or lesions with normal p53. Biomarkers measured in the postradiation surgical specimen were not associated with either freedom from relapse or response to radiation. Radiation treatment appeared to produce false-negatives in the final specimen. Thus, there were significantly more specimens converting from PCNA-positive to PCNA-negative after preoperative radiation than would be expected solely on the basis of sampling errors (P = 0.004). Similar results were found for abnormal p53 findings (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies of biomarkers should be based on pretreatment specimens if preoperative radiation is given. For carcinoma of the rectum, PCNA and p53 may be useful predictors of both metastatic potential and responsiveness to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Desai
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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27
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Yan XQ, Lacey D, Hill D, Chen Y, Fletcher F, Hawley RG, McNiece IK. A model of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis in mice induced by overexpressing thrombopoietin (mpl ligand): reversal of disease by bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 88:402-9. [PMID: 8695786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that mice induced to overexpress thrombopoietin (TPO) by retroviral-mediated gene transfer into bone marrow (BM) cells develop myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. It was speculated that these effects were secondary to TPO, resulting from high levels of megakaryocytes and platelets. Also, it was proposed that these mice represent a model for myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. In this report, we show that levels of both transforming growth factor-beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor are increased twofold to fivefold in the platelet-poor plasma of TPO overexpressing mice compared with control mice. These data suggest that the increased megakaryocytes produce elevated levels of these cytokines that lead to the pathogenesis of disease. Further, we retransplanted TPO overexpressing mice, at 40 to 42 weeks after primary transplantation, with normal BM cells. After the secondary transplantation, megakaryocytes and platelets returned to normal levels and the myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis were completely corrected. These data extend our initial studies of the effects of overexpression of TPO and show the potential use of this model to explore the underlying cause of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis and potential treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Yan
- Department of Developmental Hematology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1789, USA
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28
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Zeeh JM, Procaccino F, Hoffmann P, Aukerman SL, McRoberts JA, Soltani S, Pierce GF, Lakshmanan J, Lacey D, Eysselein VE. Keratinocyte growth factor ameliorates mucosal injury in an experimental model of colitis in rats. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:1077-83. [PMID: 8612996 DOI: 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8612996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is known to enhance tissue repair in the skin; however, its role in the gastrointestinal tract is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous KGF in an experimental model of colitis in rats. METHODS KGF was administered before or after induction of colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid/ethanol. In the first two study groups, KGF (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 24 hours and 1 hour before induction of colitis; animals were killed 8 hours (n=10) and 1 week (n=10) after injury. In subsequent study groups, KGF or vehicle treatment was begun 24 hours after the induction of colitis at doses of 5 (n=20), 1 (n=10), and 0.1 (n=10) mg/kg intraperitoneally and continued once daily for 1 week. Colonic tissue samples were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically for mucosal injury and assayed for myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS Administration of KGF after but not before induction of colitis significantly ameliorated tissue damage. Macroscopic necrosis and microscopic ulcerations were reduced by 40%-50% at KGF doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous KGF has a key role in mucosal healing in an experimental model of colitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Zeeh
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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Hokom MM, Lacey D, Kinstler OB, Choi E, Kaufman S, Faust J, Rowan C, Dwyer E, Nichol JL, Grasel T, Wilson J, Steinbrink R, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, Hunt P. Pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor abrogates the lethal thrombocytopenia associated with carboplatin and irradiation in mice. Blood 1995; 86:4486-92. [PMID: 8541537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a potent inducer of megakaryopoiesis in vitro and thrombopoiesis in vivo. The effects of MGDF appear to be lineage-selective, making this cytokine an ideal candidate for use in alleviating clinically relevant thrombocytopenias. This report describes a murine model of life-threatening thrombocytopenia that results from the combination treatment of carboplatin and sublethal irradiation. Mortality of this regimen is 94% and is associated with widespread internal bleeding. The daily administration of pegylated recombinant human MGDF (PEG-rMGDF) significantly reduced mortality (to < 15%) and ameliorated the depth and duration of thrombocytopenia. The severity of leucopenia and anemia was also reduced, although it was not clear whether these effects were direct. Platelets generated in response to PEG-rMGDF were morphologically indistinguishable from normal platelets. PEG-rMGDF administered in combination with murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor completely prevented mortality and further reduced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. These data support the concept that PEG-rMGDF may be useful to treat iatrogenic thrombocytopenias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hokom
- Amgen, Inc, Amgen Center, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Yan XQ, Lacey D, Fletcher F, Hartley C, McElroy P, Sun Y, Xia M, Mu S, Saris C, Hill D, Hawley RG, McNiece IK. Chronic exposure to retroviral vector encoded MGDF (mpl-ligand) induces lineage-specific growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes in mice. Blood 1995; 86:4025-33. [PMID: 7492757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) has recently been identified as a ligand for the c-mpl receptor. Using retroviral-mediated gene transfer, MGDF has been overexpressed in mice to evaluate the systematic effects due to chronic exposure to this growth factor. MGDF overexpressing mice had more rapid platelet recovery than control mice after transplantation. Following this recovery, the platelet levels continued increasing to fourfold to eightfold above normal baseline levels and remained elevated (five-fold above control mice) in these animals, which are alive and well at more than 4 months posttransplantation. Increased megakaryocyte numbers were detected in a number of organs in these mice including bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Prolonged overexpression of MGDF led to decreased marrow hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis, with a shift to extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver. All the MGDF overexpressing mice analyzed to date developed myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis, possibly induced by megakaryocyte and platelet produced cytokines. No significant effect on other hematopoietic lineages was seen in the MGDF overexpressing mice, showing that the stimulatory effect of MGDF in vivo is restricted to the megakaryocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Yan
- Department of Developmental Hematology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1789, USA
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Lacey D, Holder S, Majid W, Capan R, Richardson T. High pyroelectric sensitivity in alternate layer Langmuir-Blodgett superlattices. Materials Science and Engineering: C 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0928-4931(95)00070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Myerson RJ, Michalski JM, King ML, Birnbaum E, Fleshman J, Fry R, Kodner I, Lacey D, Lockett MA. Adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal carcinoma: predictors of outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 32:41-50. [PMID: 7721638 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review predictors of outcome, including sequencing of modalities and pretreatment findings for adjuvantly treated rectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS From 1975 through 1990, 307 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. In 251 cases the radiation therapy was administered preoperatively, either 40-50 Gy (median dose 45 Gy) followed in 6-7 weeks by surgery (210 cases), or 20 Gy in five fractions immediately prior to surgery (41 cases). In 56 cases, patients were referred postoperatively for radiation (median dose 50 Gy). Adjuvant chemotherapy was never given concurrently with the preoperative radiation (RT), although 43 of the cases (including 14 of the preoperative RT cases) received postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS Multivariate analysis (Cox model) indicated that significant predictors of better overall freedom from disease were preoperative rather than postoperative RT (p < 0.001), low surgical stage (p < 0.0001), specialist surgeon (p = 0.007), low or moderate histologic grade (p = 0.026), and proximal lesion (p = 0.033). The significant predictors for better local control included use of preoperative RT (p < 0.001), low or moderate grade (p = 0.001), and low surgical stage (p = 0.015). The 5-year local control and freedom from disease for the preoperative RT patients were 90% +/- 2% and 73% +/- 3%, respectively. The selected cases that received the short course of 20 Gy preoperatively did well. Although 24 out of 41 patients proved to have Astler Coller B2 or C disease, local control at last follow-up was 39 out of 41 (95%). A second multivariate analysis of pretreatment factors was performed on the preoperative RT cases. The significant factors for both local control and overall freedom from disease were noncircumferential vs. circumferential tumor, proximal vs. distal lesion, and background of the surgeon. Additional negative factors on univariate analysis (although not achieving independent significance on multivariate analysis) included the finding of near-obstructing lesions and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Grade > or = 3 sequelae occurred in 8% of cases (including 3% bowel obstruction). The only significant factor for complications was background of the surgeon (4% for colorectal specialists vs. 12% for nonspecialists, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Significant factors for better tumor control included preoperative as opposed to postoperative RT and the experience of the surgeon. In selected cases, excellent results can be obtained with a short course of preoperative radiation. Concurrent chemotherapy need not be given routinely with preoperative radiation. Subgroups of preoperative RT cases at risk for distant metastases (who might benefit from postoperative chemotherapy), and at high risk for local failure (for whom concurrent preoperative chemotherapy and radiation might be considered), are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Myerson
- Radiation Oncology Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
From 1975 to 1990 65 patients with carcinoma of the anal canal received radiation therapy alone or in conjunction with other modalities. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 171 months (mean: 59 months; median: 44 months). Actuarial disease-free survival (including salvage surgery) for T1-3 N0 lesions was 88% +/- 7% at 10 years. This was independent of T stage (91% for T1, 88% for T2, and 100% for T3). Disease-free survival was significantly worse for T1-3 N+ lesions (52% +/- 23% disease-free at 10 years, P = .025) and T4 lesions (0/8 disease free by 21 months, P < .001). Of the 57 patients with T1-3 lesions, 46 received low to moderate doses of radiation (< or = 5,000 cGy) in conjunction with infusional 5FU based chemotherapy. These were reviewed for treatment related factors. Among patients treated with low to moderate dose chemoradiotherapy the local control (including salvage surgery) was excellent: 100% for T1 lesions and 88% +/- 6% for T2, 3 lesions. There was a suggestion that increasing the dose of radiation to the tumor may reduce the need for surgery for T2, 3 lesions. For T2, 3 lesions the local control excluding surgery was 63% +/- 12% with 3,000 cGy plus chemotherapy, as opposed to 77% +/- 11% with 4,000-5,000 Gy (mean 4,600 cGy) plus chemotherapy. The most important factor for posttreatment toxicity was the addition of pelvic surgery to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Eighteen patients who received chemoradiotherapy either had a history of prior pelvic surgery (five cases) or underwent APR following chemotherapy (13 cases). There were a total of nine grade 3 or 4 complications (including all five cases of small bowel obstruction) in this group. There was a significantly lower (P = .04) incidence of complications in the remaining patients: 2/47 (4%). It should be noted that no patient required a colostomy for management of treatment sequelae, the interventions taken were all successful in managing complications, and no complication was fatal. Nonetheless these results suggest that, for some T3 and T2 lesions, measures which reduce the need for salvage surgery might improve overall quality of life by reducing complications, although it may prove difficult to demonstrate an improvement in the excellent disease-free survival. In addition, measures should be taken to reduce the volume of irradiated bowel if a patient has a history of prior pelvic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Myerson
- Radiation Oncology Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Hall A, Lacey D, Hill J, McDonnell D. The synthesis and properties of a series of novel side-chain liquid crystal polymers based on the Baylis-Hillman reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-5677(94)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abd. Majid W, Richardson T, Holder S, Lacey D. Cyclic polysiloxanes in polar LB assemblies: synthesis, evaluation and pyroelectric behaviour. Thin Solid Films 1994; 243:378-383. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-6090(93)04054-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Richardson T, Abd. Majid W, Cochrane E, Holder S, Lacey D. Langmuir-Blodgett films of linear polysiloxanes incorporating aromatic side-chains: structure-property relationships. Thin Solid Films 1994; 242:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-6090(94)90502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
While Orem's model has not been extensively applied to psychiatric nursing, there is some evidence (1, 2) of its use in psychiatric hospital settings in the UK. Anticipating that the concept of self-care may well become more readily incorporated into our changing health care system, this article sets out to examine some key aspects which psychiatric nurses may need to take into account when considering the use of the model in practice.
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Myerson R, Michalski J, King M, Birnbaum E, Fleshman J, Fry R, Kodner I, Lacey D, Lockett M. Adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal carcinoma: Predictors of outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(93)90872-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gray GW, Hird M, Lacey D, Toyne KJ. The Synthesis and Transition Temperatures of Some Fluoro-Substituted 4-Cyanophenyl and 4-Cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl 4-Pentyl- and 4-Butoxy-Benzoates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/00268948908042160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chan LKM, Gray GW, Lacey D, Scrowston RM, Shenouda IG, Toyne KJ. The Synthesis of Optically Active Cyanohydrin Esters and Their Use as High Ps Dopants for Ferroelectric Displays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/00268948908042157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gray G, Hawthorne W, Hill J, Lacey D, Lee M, Nestor G, White M. Aspects of side-chain liquid-crystal polymers, especially polysiloxanes, in relation to their potential for speciality applications. POLYMER 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(89)90064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bone MF, Bradshaw MJ, Chan LKM, Coates D, Constant J, Gemmell PA, Gray GW, Lacey D, Toyne KJ. Synthesis and Physical Evaluation of Novel Ferroelectric Materials with High Spontaneous Polarization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00268948808072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chan LKM, Gray GW, Lacey D, Toyne KJ. Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Behaviour of Further 4,4″-Disubstituted 2'-Fluoro-1,1':4',1”-Terphenyls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00268948808076143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Type A neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum strain 62A was purified by a modification of the procedure of TSE et al. (1982). Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gels (SDS - PAGE) indicated the mol. wt of the intact dichain molecule is 140,000 and that of its L subunit is 52,000, both expected from published values. However the mol. wt of 83,000 for the H subunit was lower than the mol. wt of 97,000 in the literature. The purified toxin separated in SDS-PAGE into H and L subunits when pretreated with 2-mercaptoethanol but it unexpectedly behaved similarly without the pretreatment. Specific toxicity (approximately 3 x 10(8) mouse LD50/mg protein) was not affected by the spontaneous molecular change that made dissociation into subunits possible. The subunits of dichain botulinum toxins are believed to be covalently joined by intersubunit disulfide(s) since they have been demonstrated only when samples are treated with 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. Since it is not always needed, the pretreatment is apparently not reducing a disulfide that connects the subunits. The strong chelating activity also possessed by the pretreating agents suggest that the subunits may be joined by a metallic divalent cation.
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Araki K, Attard GS, Kozak A, Williams G, Gray GW, Lacey D, Nestor G. Molecular dynamics of a siloxane liquid-crystalline polymer as studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1039/f29888401067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sketris IS, Meldrum M, Lacey D, Merrett RA. Effect of a two-day stop-order policy on benzodiazepine prescribing. Am J Hosp Pharm 1987; 44:2736-8. [PMID: 2893550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I S Sketris
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Chan LKM, Gray GW, Lacey D, Srithanratana T, Toyne KJ. Reentrant Nematic and Injected Smectic Behaviour in Binary Mixtures Including Those of Terminally Non-Polar Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/00268948708074808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khan RA, Lacey D. Effect of concurrent infections of Lernaeocera Branchialis (Copepoda) and Trypanosoma murmanensis (Protozoa) on Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. J Wildl Dis 1986; 22:201-8. [PMID: 3712645 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A study was initiated to ascertain the prevalence, effect and interaction of the adult stages of the parasitic copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, on Atlantic cod concurrently infected with a hematozoan, Trypanosoma murmanensis, by comparing condition (K) factor, organ somatic indices, hematological values and lipid concentrations of the liver from infected and uninfected fish of comparable length. Prevalence of the copepod varied from 9 to 21% and was highest in fish examined on the southern coast of Newfoundland. Body condition and blood values were significantly lower in young cod infected with two parasites whereas only K-factor was altered in two size classes parasitized by one copepod. Although lipid concentrations were similar in three length groups of fish without and infected with L. branchialis, the pooled values were significantly greater among the infected group. Mortality occurred only in juvenile cod infected with the copepod and T. murmanensis concurrently. Cod which survived dual infections had lower K-factor and blood values than controls or fish harboring single, parasitic infections. It is concluded that an infection with an adult L. branchialis does not impair the health of fish in this area of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, but the presence of T. murmanensis concurrently can potentiate its effect.
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Attard G, Williams G, Gray G, Lacey D, Gemmel P. Molecular dynamics of liquid crystalline side-chain polymers: The dielectric relaxation behaviour of a siloxan polymer in the nematic and isotropic phases. POLYMER 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(86)90324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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