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Izhar R, Borriello M, La Russa A, Di Paola R, De A, Capasso G, Ingrosso D, Perna AF, Simeoni M. Fabry Disease in Women: Genetic Basis, Available Biomarkers, and Clinical Manifestations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 38254927 PMCID: PMC10815601 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene on the X chromosome, leading to a deficiency in α-galactosidase A (AGAL) enzyme activity. This leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, primarily globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. While FD was initially considered predominantly affecting males, recent studies have uncovered that heterozygous Fabry women, carrying a single mutated GLA gene, can manifest a wide array of clinical symptoms, challenging the notion of asymptomatic carriers. The mechanisms underlying the diverse clinical manifestations in females remain not fully understood due to X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XCI also known as "lyonization", involves the random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes. This process is considered a potential factor influencing phenotypic variation. This review delves into the complex landscape of FD in women, discussing its genetic basis, the available biomarkers, clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of XCI on disease severity. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced by heterozygous Fabry women, both in terms of their disease burden and interactions with healthcare professionals. Current treatment options, including enzyme replacement therapy, are discussed, along with the need for healthcare providers to be well-informed about FD in women, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafiah Izhar
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Antonella La Russa
- Department of Sperimental Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rossella Di Paola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Ananya De
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translation Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translation Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Coppola A, Lombari P, Mazzella E, Capolongo G, Simeoni M, Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Borriello M. Zebrafish as a Model of Cardiac Pathology and Toxicity: Spotlight on Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065656. [PMID: 36982730 PMCID: PMC10052014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health care problem. About 10% of the general population is affected by CKD, representing the sixth cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular events are the main mortality cause in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk 10 times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes with a negative effect on every organ, especially on the cardiovascular system. Mammalian models, sharing structural and functional similarities with humans, have been widely used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms and test new therapies, but many of them are rather expensive and difficult to manipulate. Over the last few decades, zebrafish has become a powerful non-mammalian model to study alterations associated with human disease. The high conservation of gene function, low cost, small size, rapid growth, and easiness of genetic manipulation are just some of the features of this experimental model. More specifically, embryonic cardiac development and physiological responses to exposure to numerous toxin substances are similar to those observed in mammals, making zebrafish an ideal model to study cardiac development, toxicity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Borriello M, Tarabella G, D’Angelo P, Liboà A, Barra M, Vurro D, Lombari P, Coppola A, Mazzella E, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Lab on a Chip Device for Diagnostic Evaluation and Management in Chronic Renal Disease: A Change Promoting Approach in the Patients' Follow Up. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:373. [PMID: 36979584 PMCID: PMC10046018 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems are miniaturized devices aimed to perform one or several analyses, normally carried out in a laboratory setting, on a single chip. LOC systems have a wide application range, including diagnosis and clinical biochemistry. In a clinical setting, LOC systems can be associated with the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) definition. POCT circumvents several steps in central laboratory testing, including specimen transportation and processing, resulting in a faster turnaround time. Provider access to rapid test results allows for prompt medical decision making, which can lead to improved patient outcomes, operational efficiencies, patient satisfaction, and even cost savings. These features are particularly attractive for healthcare settings dealing with complicated patients, such as those affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a pathological condition characterized by progressive and irreversible structural or functional kidney impairment lasting for more than three months. The disease displays an unavoidable tendency to progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), thus requiring renal replacement therapy, usually dialysis, and transplant. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk ten times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes, with negative effect on organs, especially on the cardiovascular system. The possibility to monitor CKD patients by using non-invasive and low-cost approaches could give advantages both to the patient outcome and sanitary costs. Despite their numerous advantages, POCT application in CKD management is not very common, even if a number of devices aimed at monitoring the CKD have been demonstrated worldwide at the lab scale by basic studies (low Technology Readiness Level, TRL). The reasons are related to both technological and clinical aspects. In this review, the main technologies for the design of LOCs are reported, as well as the available POCT devices for CKD monitoring, with a special focus on the most recent reliable applications in this field. Moreover, the current challenges in design and applications of LOCs in the clinical setting are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Aris Liboà
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.T.)
| | - Mario Barra
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Vurro
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.T.)
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Lombari P, Mallardo M, Petrazzuolo O, Amruthraj Nagoth J, Fiume G, Scanni R, Iervolino A, Damiano S, Coppola A, Borriello M, Ingrosso D, Perna AF, Zacchia M, Trepiccione F, Capasso G. miRNA-23a modulates sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 expression: studies in medullary thick ascending limb of salt-induced hypertensive rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:586-598. [PMID: 35921220 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney is the main organ in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Although most bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule, the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of the nephron also maintains acid-base balance by contributing to 25% of bicarbonate reabsorption. A crucial element in this regulation is the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), a ubiquitous membrane protein controlling intracellular pH, where proton extrusion is driven by the inward sodium flux. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression of hypertensive patients significantly differs from that of normotensive subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of miRNA alterations at the mTAL level. METHODS By miRNA microarray analysis, we identified miRNA expression profiles in isolated mTALs from high sodium intake-induced hypertensive rats (HSD) versus their normotensive counterparts (NSD). In vitro validation was carried out in rat mTAL cells. RESULTS Five miRNAs involved in the onset of salt-sensitive hypertension were identified, including miR-23a, which was bioinformatically predicted to target NHE1 mRNA. Data demonstrated that miRNA-23a is downregulated in the mTAL of HSD rats while NHE1 is upregulated. Consistently, transfection of an miRNA-23a mimic in an mTAL cell line, using a viral vector, resulted in NHE1 downregulation. CONCLUSION NHE1, a protein involved in sodium reabsorption at the mTAL level and blood pressure regulation, is upregulated in our model. This was due to a downregulation of miRNA-23a. Expression levels of this miRNA are influenced by high sodium intake in the mTALs of rats. The downregulation of miRNA-23a in humans affected by essential hypertension corroborate our data and point to the potential role of miRNA-23a in the regulation of mTAL function following high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Oriana Petrazzuolo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph Amruthraj Nagoth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Scanni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Biogem, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Biogem, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Biogem, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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García-Martínez Y, Borriello M, Capolongo G, Ingrosso D, Perna AF. The Gut Microbiota in Kidney Transplantation: A Target for Personalized Therapy? Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020163. [PMID: 36829442 PMCID: PMC9952448 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation improves quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of patients with kidney failure. However, integrated immunosuppressive therapy required to preserve graft function is associated with the development of post-transplant complications, including infections, altered immunosuppressive metabolism, gastrointestinal toxicity, and diarrhea. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for personalizing immunosuppressive therapy and managing post-transplant complications. This review reports current evidence on gut microbial dysbiosis in kidney transplant recipients, alterations in their gut microbiota associated with kidney transplantation outcomes, and the application of gut microbiota intervention therapies in treating post-transplant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuselys García-Martínez
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Coppola A, Vigorito C, Lombari P, Martínez YG, Borriello M, Trepiccione F, Ingrosso D, Perna AF. Uremic Toxin Lanthionine Induces Endothelial Cell Mineralization In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020444. [PMID: 35203651 PMCID: PMC8962276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a pathological event caused by the unusual deposition of minerals in the vascular system, representing the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, the deregulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, along with the effect of several uremic toxins, act as key processes conveying altered mineralization. In this work, we tested the ability of lanthionine, a novel uremic toxin, to promote calcification in human endothelial cell cultures (Ea.hy926). We evaluated the effects of lanthionine, at a concentration similar to that actually detected in CKD patients, alone and under pro-calcifying culture conditions using calcium and phosphate. In pro-calcific culture conditions, lanthionine increased both the intracellular and extracellular calcium content and induced the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) and RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2). Lanthionine treatment, in pro-calcifying conditions, raised levels of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), whose expression also overlapped with Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 1 (DKK1) gene expression, suggesting a possible role of the latter gene in the activation of ALPL. In addition, treatment with lanthionine alone or in combination with calcium and phosphate reduced Inorganic Pyrophosphate Transport Regulator (ANKH) gene expression, a protective factor toward the mineralizing process. Moreover, lanthionine in a pro-calcifying condition induced the activation of ERK1/2, which is not associated with an increase in DKK1 protein levels. Our data underscored a link between mineral disease and the alterations of sulfur amino acid metabolisms at a cell and molecular level. These results set the basis for the understanding of the link between uremic toxins and mineral-bone disorder during CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (P.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Carmela Vigorito
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (Y.G.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (P.L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (Y.G.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Yuselys García Martínez
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (Y.G.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (P.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (Y.G.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (P.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini, Bldg 17, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (Y.G.M.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
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D’Angelo P, Barra M, Lombari P, Coppola A, Vurro D, Tarabella G, Marasso SL, Borriello M, Chianese F, Perna AF, Cassinese A, Ingrosso D. Homocysteine Solution-Induced Response in Aerosol Jet Printed OECTs by Means of Gold and Platinum Gate Electrodes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11507. [PMID: 34768938 PMCID: PMC8584102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein, sulfur-containing amino acid, which is recognized as a possible risk factor for coronary artery and other pathologies when its levels in the blood exceed the normal range of between 5 and 12 μmol/L (hyperhomocysteinemia). At present, standard procedures in laboratory medicine, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are commonly employed for the quantitation of total Hcy (tHcy), i.e., the sum of the protein-bound (oxidized) and free (homocystine plus reduced Hcy) forms, in biological fluids (particularly, serum or plasma). Here, the response of Aerosol Jet-printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), in the presence of either reduced (free) and oxidized Hcy-based solutions, was analyzed. Two different experimental protocols were followed to this end: the former consisting of gold (Au) electrodes' biothiol-induced thiolation, while the latter simply used bare platinum (Pt) electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was performed both to validate the gold thiolation protocol and to gain insights into the reduced Hcy sensing mechanism by the Au-gated OECTs, which provided a final limit of detection (LoD) of 80 nM. For the OECT response based on Platinum gate electrodes, on the other hand, a LoD of 180 nM was found in the presence of albumin-bound Hcy, with this being the most abundant oxidized Hcy-form (i.e., the protein-bound form) in physiological fluids. Despite the lack of any biochemical functionalization supporting the response selectivity, the findings discussed in this work highlight the potential role of OECT in the development of low-cost point-of-care (POC) electronic platforms that are suitable for the evaluation, in humans, of Hcy levels within the physiological range and in cases of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale D’Angelo
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, I 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (D.V.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Mario Barra
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (D.I.)
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Via Pansini, Bldg., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Davide Vurro
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, I 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (D.V.); (S.L.M.)
| | | | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, I 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (D.V.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Federico Chianese
- Physics Department, University of Naples “Federico II”, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Via Pansini, Bldg., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassinese
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Physics Department, University of Naples “Federico II”, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Istututo Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (D.I.)
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Vivolo R, Bria E, Zurlo I, Bensi M, Dell'Aquila E, Anghelone A, Corsi D, Caira G, Santini D, Ingrosso D, Emiliani A, Calegari M, Citarella F, Pozzo C, Grande R, Basso M, Tortora G, Salvatore L. P-161 Efficacy of third-line anti-EGFR-based treatment versus regorafenib/TAS-102 (R/T) according to primary tumor site in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vigorito C, Anishchenko E, Coppola A, Lombari P, Ingrosso D, Perna A. P0095MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF LANTHIONINE, A NEW UREMIC TOXIN, AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH THE REDOX MICROENVIRONMENT. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
The non-proteinogenic amino acid lanthionine is a byproduct of the biosynthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously produced gas with cardiovascular properties). Lanthionine concentration is increased in uremia and it has been proposed as a new uremic toxin. In the zebrafish model, lanthionine induces effects on cardiac embriogenesis, arrhythmia, and locomotor alterations. Some effects are counteracted by glutathione, the well known antioxidant. In a human endothelial cell model, lanthionine significantly reduces H2S release, both protein content and glutathionylation of cystathione beta-synthase (CBS), one of the main H2S-producing enzymes, miR-200c and miR-423 levels, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor expression, while it also increases intracellular calcium levels. We investigated in the present abstract the actions of glutathione on some of lanthionine effects on zebrafish and endothelial cells. We utilized what is considered to be a more stable form of glutathione, acetylglutathione (AcGSH).
Method
Zebrafish behavior and heart size were analyzed by the Danio Vision system and confocal microscopy, respectively. Gene and protein expression were analyzed usimg qPCR and Western Blot, respectively. CBS glutathionylation has been assessed by immunoprecipitation with a magnetic beads-coated anti-GSH. Interleukins levels were evaluated by ELISA. Lanthionine acetylation was evaluated by LC/MS.
Results
In zebrafish, we demonstrated that AcGSH significantly increases heart size and the expression of atrium specific proteins. Increased heart rate and heart rhythm plasticity determined by AcGSH were partially counteracted by lanthionine. Monitoring of larval movements showed that this behavior was affected by AcGSH supplementation. In endothelial cells, AcGSH increased H2S release, and, utilized in combination with lanthionine, it was able to partially counteract its effects on H2S release. AcGSH was able to increase CBS glutathionylation and to offset lanthionine effects on glutathionylation. In addition, it increased tubulin, histone, and NFKB acetylation and IL-8 and IL-13 levels. We also demonstrated with mass spectrometry that lanthionine was non-enzymatically acetylated by AcGSH, suggesting a possible mechanism.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our findings support the notion that lanthionine is a uremic toxin, which is strongly modified in its effects by the redox microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Vigorito
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Translational Medical Sciences, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Annapaola Coppola
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Precision medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Translational Medical Sciences, Napoli, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Precision medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perna
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Translational Medical Sciences, Napoli, Italy
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10
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Perna AF, Capolongo G, Trepiccione F, Simeoni M, Zacchia M, Ingrosso D. COVID-19, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, and Hemodialysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:357-362. [PMID: 32450560 PMCID: PMC7316655 DOI: 10.1159/000508460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy,
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine,University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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11
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Sambri I, Capasso R, Pucci P, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Retraction: The microRNA 15a/16-1 cluster down-regulates protein repair isoaspartyl methyltransferase in hepatoma cells: Implications for apoptosis regulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8350. [PMID: 31127062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rx119.009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Vigorito C, Anishchenko E, Mele L, Capolongo G, Trepiccione F, Zacchia M, Lombari P, Capasso R, Ingrosso D, Perna AF. Uremic Toxin Lanthionine Interferes with the Transsulfuration Pathway, Angiogenetic Signaling and Increases Intracellular Calcium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2269. [PMID: 31071929 PMCID: PMC6539355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the cardiovascular and nervous system have recently been re-evaluated. It has been shown that lanthionine, a side product of H2S biosynthesis, previously used as a marker for H2S production, is dramatically increased in circulation in uremia, while H2S release is impaired. Thus, lanthionine could be classified as a novel uremic toxin. Our research was aimed at defining the mechanism(s) for lanthionine toxicity. (2) The effect of lanthionine on H2S release was tested by a novel lead acetate strip test (LAST) in EA.hy926 cell cultures. Effects of glutathione, as a redox agent, were assayed. Levels of sulfane sulfur were evaluated using the SSP4 probe and flow cytometry. Protein content and glutathionylation were analyzed by Western Blotting and immunoprecipitation, respectively. Gene expression and miRNA levels were assessed by qPCR. (3) We demonstrated that, in endothelial cells, lanthionine hampers H2S release; reduces protein content and glutathionylation of transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase; modifies the expression of miR-200c and miR-423; lowers expression of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF; increases Ca2+ levels. (4) Lanthionine-induced alterations in cell cultures, which involve both sulfur amino acid metabolism and calcium homeostasis, are consistent with uremic dysfunctional characteristics and further support the uremic toxin role of this amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Vigorito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Evgeniya Anishchenko
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Biogem A. C. S. R. L. Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino AV, Italy.
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
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13
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Anishchenko E, Vigorito C, Mele L, Lombari P, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Novel Applications of Lead Acetate and Flow Cytometry Methods for Detection of Sulfur-Containing Molecules. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2010013. [PMID: 31164595 PMCID: PMC6481055 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most recently established gaseous vasodilator, enzymatically produced from cysteine metabolism, involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. However, its accurate detection in vivo is critical due to its volatility and tendency to form sulfane sulfur derivatives, thus limiting the data interpretation of its biological roles. We developed new applications of the simple and rapid method to measure H2S release in cell culture systems, based on the lead acetate strip test. This test, previously prevalently used in microbiology, was compared with the agar trap method, applied, in parallel, on both cell cultures and cell-free samples. Sulfane sulfur represents the major species derived from intracellular H2S. Various fluorescent probes are available for quantitation of H2S derivatives intracellularly. We present here an alternative to the classic imaging method for sulfane sulfur evaluation, running on a flow cytometer, based on SSP4 probe labeling. Flow cytometry turned out to be more direct, fully quantitative and less time-consuming compared to microscopy and more precise with respect to the fluorescence multi-plate reader assay. The new application methods for H2S determination appear to be fully suitable for the analysis of H2S release and sulfane sulfur content in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Anishchenko
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmela Vigorito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Perna AF, Glorieux G, Zacchia M, Trepiccione F, Capolongo G, Vigorito C, Anishchenko E, Ingrosso D. The role of the intestinal microbiota in uremic solute accumulation: a focus on sulfur compounds. J Nephrol 2019; 32:733-740. [PMID: 30673975 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered to be a novel important factor to take into account in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and uremia. Much attention has been paid to specific uremic retention solutes of microbial origin, such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide. However, other novel less well studied compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and related sulfur metabolites (sulfane sulfur, lanthionine, etc.), should be included in a more comprehensive appraisal of this topic, in light of the potential therapeutic opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Vigorito
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Evgeniya Anishchenko
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini 5, Bldg 17, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
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15
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Ricciardiello F, Capasso R, Kawasaki H, Abate T, Oliva F, Lombardi A, Misso G, Ingrosso D, Leone CA, Iengo M, Caraglia M. A miRNA signature suggestive of nodal metastases from laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2018; 37:467-474. [PMID: 29327732 PMCID: PMC5782423 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that miRNAs are frequently deregulated in tumours offers the opportunity to identify them as prognostic and diagnostic markers. The aim of this multicentric study is to identify a miRNA expression profile specific for laryngeal cancer. The secondary endpoint was to identify specific deregulated miRNAs with potential as prognostic biomarkers for tumour spread and nodal involvement, and specifically to search for a miRNA pattern pathognomonic for N+ laryngeal cancer and for N- tissues. We identified 20 miRNAs specific for laryngeal cancer and a tissue-specific miRNA signature that is predictive of lymph node metastases in laryngeal carcinoma characterised by 11 miRNAs, seven of which are overexpressed (upregulated) and four downregulated. These results allow the identification of a group of potential specific tumour biomarkers for laryngeal carcinoma that can be used to improve its diagnosis, particularly in early stages, as well as its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ricciardiello
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - H Kawasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Abate
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Oliva
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C A Leone
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit and Neck Surgery, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iengo
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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16
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Zampino R, Macera M, Cirillo G, Pafundi PC, Rinaldi L, Coppola N, Pisaturo M, Adinolfi LE, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Ingrosso D, Capasso R. No effect of MTP polymorphisms on PNPLA3 in HCV-correlated steatosis. Infez Med 2018; 26:244-248. [PMID: 30246767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PNPLA3 and MTP genes have been associated with liver steatosis and chronic hepatitis C. We studied the influence of MTP and PNPLA3 polymorphisms in 114 Italian patients with chronic hepatitis C, evaluating the histological and clinical presentation of liver disease. The study confirmed the association of PNPLA3 polymorphisms with liver steatosis (p=0.041), but did not show any additive effect of MTP polymorphisms in the development of steatosis. MTP polymorphisms do not seem to influence PNPLA3 in the development of liver steatosis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Zampino
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Pisaturo
- Department of Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | | | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
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17
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Perna AF, Pizza A, Di Nunzio A, Bellantone R, Raffaelli M, Cicchella T, Conzo G, Santini L, Zacchia M, Trepiccione F, Ingrosso D. ADAM17, a New Player in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder. J Ren Nutr 2018; 27:453-457. [PMID: 29056164 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The triad composed by α-Klotho, fibroblast growth factor-23, and its receptor are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is a metalloproteinase causing the proteolytic shedding of α-Klotho from the cell membrane, and its role in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is not yet known. We studied the circulating levels of the above-mentioned mediators in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to uremia, compared to control subjects, as well as in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We also measured the immunofluorescence pattern of the relevant tissue proteins in specimens obtained from patients undergoing parathyroid surgery for secondary compared to primary hyperparathyroidism. Results showed that α-Klotho tissue levels are reduced, in the presence of increased ADAM17 tissue levels. In addition, we showed increased serum levels of the main product of ADAM17 proteolytic activity, tumor necrosis factor-α. Thus, we found a paradoxical situation, in secondary compared to primary hyperparathyroidism, that is, that in the face of increased tumor necrosis factor-α in circulation, both soluble and tissue α-Klotho are reduced significantly, despite increased tissue ADAM17. In conclusion, tissue and serum levels of α-Klotho seem to have become independent from the regulation induced by ADAM17, which constitutes therefore another tassel in the impaired α-Klotho-FGF23 receptor axis present in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pizza
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Nunzio
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Bellantone
- Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Polyclinic "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaelli
- Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Polyclinic "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cicchella
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Santini
- VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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18
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Zappavigna S, Scuotto M, Cossu AM, Ingrosso D, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Filosa R, Caraglia M. The 1,4 benzoquinone-featured 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor RF-Id induces apoptotic death through downregulation of IAPs in human glioblastoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:167. [PMID: 27770821 PMCID: PMC5075202 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Embelin is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxigenase (5-LOX) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 that suppresses proliferation of human glioma cells and induces apoptosis by inhibiting XIAP and NF-κB signaling pathway. Synthetic structural modification yielded the derivative 3-((decahydronaphthalen-6-yl)methyl)-2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (RF-Id), an embelin constrained analogue, with improved efficiency against 5-LOX in human neutrophils and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Taking into account that lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites, from arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, have been implicated in tumor progression, here, we determined whether RF-Id was able to hinder glioblastoma (GBM) cancer cell growth and the related mechanisms. Methods U87MG and LN229 cells were plated in 96-wells and treated with increasing concentrations of RF-Id. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The effects of the compounds on cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy were assessed by flow cytometry (FACS). The mode of action was confirmed by Taqman apoptosis array and evaluating caspase cascade and NFκB pathway by western blotting technique. Results Here, we found that RF-Id induced a stronger inhibition of GBM cell growth than treatment with embelin. Flow cytometry analysis showed that RF-Id induced about 30 % apoptosis and a slight increase of autophagy after 72 h on U87-MG cells. Moreover, the compound induced an increase in the percentage of cells in G2 and S phase that was paralleled by an increase of p21 and p27 expression but no significant changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential; array analysis showed a significant upregulation of CASP8 and a downregulation of IAP family and NFκB genes in cells treated with RF-Id. RF-Id induced a significant cleavage of caspases 8, 9, 3 and 7, blocked c-IAP2/XIAP interaction by inducing XIAP degradation and inhibited NFκB pathway. Conclusions RF-Id induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in GBM cells by inhibiting IAP family proteins and NFκB pathway and represents a promising lead compound for designing a new class of anti-cancer drugs with multiple targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0440-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zappavigna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - M Scuotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - A M Cossu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - D Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - M De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - C Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - R Filosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy.
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy.
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19
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Zacchia M, Zacchia E, Zona E, Capolongo G, Raiola I, Rinaldi L, Trepiccione F, Ingrosso D, Perna A, Di Iorio V, Simonelli F, Moe OW, Capasso G. Renal phenotype in Bardet-Biedl syndrome: a combined defect of urinary concentration and dilution is associated with defective urinary AQP2 and UMOD excretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F686-F694. [PMID: 27488999 PMCID: PMC5142239 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal phenotype in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is highly variable. The present study describes renal findings in 41 BBS patients and analyzes the pathogenesis of hyposthenuria, the most common renal dysfunction. Five of 41 patients (12%) showed an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2 Urine protein and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio were over 200 and 30 mg/g in 9/24 and 7/23 patients, respectively. Four of 41 patients showed no renal anomalies on ultrasound. Twenty of 34 patients had hyposthenuria in the absence of renal insufficiency. In all 8 of the hyposthenuric patients studied, dDAVP failed to elevate urine osmolality (Uosm), suggesting a nephrogenic origin. Interestingly, water loading (WL) did not result in a significant reduction of Uosm, indicating combined concentrating and diluting defects. dDAVP infusion induced a significant increase of plasma Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor levels, supporting normal function of the type 2 vasopressin receptor at least in endothelial cells. While urinary aquaporin 2 (u-AQP2) abundance was not different between patients and controls at baseline, the dDAVP-induced increased u-AQP2 and the WL-induced reduction of u-AQP2 were blunted in patients with a combined concentrating and diluting defect, suggesting a potential role of AQP2 in the defective regulation of water absorption. Urine Uromodulin excretion was reduced in all hyposthenuric patients, suggesting a thick ascending limb defect. Interestingly, renal Na, Cl, Ca, but not K handling was impaired after acute WL but not at basal. In summary, BBS patients show combined urinary concentration and dilution defects; a thick ascending limb and collecting duct tubulopathy may underlie impaired water handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zacchia
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy;
| | - Enza Zacchia
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Zona
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raiola
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perna
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Orson W Moe
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology and the Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Salzano G, Zappavigna S, Luce A, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Grimaldi A, Lusa S, Ingrosso D, Artuso S, Porru M, Leonetti C, Caraglia M, De Rosa G. Transferrin-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Zoledronic Acid as a Potential Tool to Inhibit Glioblastoma Growth. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:811-30. [PMID: 27301207 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is a challenge for the biomedical research since cures remain elusive. Its current therapy, consisted on surgery, radiotherapy, and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), is often uneffective. Here, we proposed the use of zoledronic acid (ZOL) as a potential agent for the treatment of GBM. Our group previously developed self-assembling nanoparticles, also named PLCaPZ NPs, to use ZOL in the treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we updated the previously developed nanoparticles (NPs) by designing transferrin (Tf)-targeted self-assembling NPs, also named Tf-PLCaPZ NPs, to use ZOL in the treatment of brain tumors, e.g., GBM. The efficacy of Tf-PLCaPZ NPs was evaluated in different GBM cell lines and in an animal model of GBM, in comparison with PLCaPZ NPs and free ZOL. Tf-PLCaPZ NPs were characterized by a narrow size distribution and a high incorporation efficiency of ZOL. Moreover, the presence of Tf significantly reduced the hemolytic activity of the formulation. In vitro, in LN229 cells, a significant uptake and cell growth inhibition after treatment with Tf-PLCaPZ NPs was achieved. Moreover, the sequential therapy of TMZ and Tf-PLCaPZ NPs lead to a superior therapeutic activity compared to their single administration. The results obtained in mice xenografted with U373MG, revealed a significant anticancer activity of Tf-PLCaPZ NPs, while the tumors remained unaffected with free TMZ. These promising results introduce a novel type of easy-to-obtain NPs for the delivery of ZOL in the treatment of GBM tumors.
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Perna AF, Di Nunzio A, Amoresano A, Pane F, Fontanarosa C, Pucci P, Vigorito C, Cirillo G, Zacchia M, Trepiccione F, Ingrosso D. Divergent behavior of hydrogen sulfide pools and of the sulfur metabolite lanthionine, a novel uremic toxin, in dialysis patients. Biochimie 2016; 126:97-107. [PMID: 27129884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dialysis patients display a high cardiovascular mortality, the causes of which are still not completely explained, but are related to uremic toxicity. Among uremic toxins, homocysteine and cysteine are both substrates of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase in hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis, leading to the formation of two sulfur metabolites, lanthionine and homolanthionine, considered stable indirect biomarkers of its production. Hydrogen sulfide is involved in the modulation of multiple pathophysiological responses. In uremia, we have demonstrated low plasma total hydrogen sulfide levels, due to reduced cystathionine γ-lyase expression. Plasma hydrogen sulfide levels were measured in hemodialysis patients and healthy controls with three different techniques in comparison, allowing to discern the different pools of this gas. The protein-bound (the one thought to be the most active) and acid-labile forms are significantly decreased, while homolanthionine, but especially lanthionine, accumulate in the blood of uremic patients. The hemodialysis regimen plays a role in determining sulfur compounds levels, and lanthionine is partially removed by a single dialysis session. Lanthionine inhibits hydrogen sulfide production in cell cultures under conditions comparable to in vivo ones. We therefore propose that lanthionine is a novel uremic toxin. The possible role of high lanthionine as a contributor to the genesis of hyperhomocysteinemia in uremia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Ed. 17, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Nunzio
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Ed. 17, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Ceinge, Advanced Biotechnologies and Department of Chemical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Francesca Pane
- Ceinge, Advanced Biotechnologies and Department of Chemical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Ceinge, Advanced Biotechnologies and Department of Chemical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Ceinge, Advanced Biotechnologies and Department of Chemical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Carmela Vigorito
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Ed. 17, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Ed. 17, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Ed. 17, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Via De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
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Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Atherosclerosis determinants in renal disease: how much is homocysteine involved? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:860-3. [PMID: 26687901 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Sambri I, Crespo J, Aguiló S, Ingrosso D, Rodríguez C, Martínez González J. miR-17 and -20a Target the Neuron-Derived Orphan Receptor-1 (NOR-1) in Vascular Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141932. [PMID: 26600038 PMCID: PMC4658114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (NOR-1) plays a major role in vascular biology by controlling fibroproliferative and inflammatory responses. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as key players in the regulation of gene expression in the vasculature, here we have investigated the regulation of NOR-1 by miRNAs in endothelial cells. Computational algorithms suggest that NOR-1 could be targeted by members of the miR-17 family. Accordingly, ectopic over-expression of miR-17 or miR-20a in endothelial cells using synthetic premiRNAs attenuated the up-regulation of NOR-1 expression induced by VEGF (as evidenced by real time PCR, Western blot and immunocitochemistry). Conversely, the antagonism of these miRNAs by specific antagomirs prevented the down-regulation of NOR-1 promoted by miR-17 or miR-20a in VEGF-stimulated cells. Disruption of the miRNA-NOR-1 mRNA interaction using a custom designed target protector evidenced the selectivity of these responses. Further, luciferase reporter assays and seed-sequence mutagenesis confirmed that miR-17 and -20a bind to NOR-1 3’-UTR. Finally, miR-17 and -20a ameliorated the up-regulation of VCAM-1 mediated by NOR-1 in VEGF-stimulated cells. Therefore, miR-17 and -20a target NOR-1 thereby regulating NOR-1-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & General Pathology, School of Medicine & Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Javier Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Aguiló
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & General Pathology, School of Medicine & Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Lamberti M, Capasso R, Lombardi A, Di Domenico M, Fiorelli A, Feola A, Perna AF, Santini M, Caraglia M, Ingrosso D. Two Different Serum MiRNA Signatures Correlate with the Clinical Outcome and Histological Subtype in Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135331. [PMID: 26262875 PMCID: PMC4532484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma (MPM) is a detrimental neoplasm affecting pleural sheets and determining a high rate of mortality. In this study, we have enrolled 14 consecutive patients (13 males and 1 female) with MPM (mean age: 70.3 ± 4.6 years). We have collected serum for the determination of a miRNA profiling using a low-density microarray real time PCR system in the serum of patients and comparing it with that one of 10 control counterparts affected by not-cancer-related pleural effusions. In the patients 5 miRNAs were up-regulated (miR101, miR25, miR26b, miR335 and miR433), 2 miRNA were downregulated (miR191, miR223) and two miRNAs were expressed exclusively in patients (miR29a and miR516). Based upon the changes in the expression of the above mentioned miRNAs we detected two distinctive miRNA signatures predicting histotype and survival in these patients: I) patients with more than 3/9 upregulated miRNAs or 3/9 upregulated miRNAs and miR516 not recordable or unchanged (signature A); II) patients with at least 3/9 downregulated or unchanged miRNAs and/or miR29a downregulated (signature B). Based upon these criteria, 5 patients were stratified in signature A and the remaining 9 in signature B. Patients with signature A had a significant shorter median survival than those with signature B (7 months vs. 17 months, 95% CI: 0.098-1.72, p = 0.0021), had a sarcomatoid or mixed histological MPM subtype and were diagnosed in stage II (3/5) and stage III (2/5). In conclusion, we suggest that miRNA signature A is predictive of sarcomatoid histotype and of worse prognosis in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lamberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Conzo G, Perna AF, Savica V, Palazzo A, Pietra CD, Ingrosso D, Satta E, Capasso G, Santini L, Docimo G. Impact of parathyroidectomy on cardiovascular outcomes and survival in chronic hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. A retrospective study of 50 cases prior to the calcimimetics era. BMC Surg 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S4. [PMID: 24268127 PMCID: PMC3851167 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-s2-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, pathological modifications of bone and mineral metabolism increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Parathyroidectomy, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events, may improve outcomes; however, its effects on long-term survival are still subject of active research. METHODS From January 2004 to December 2006, 30 hemodialysis patients, affected by severe and unresponsive secondary hyperparathyroidism, underwent parathyroidectomy - 15 total parathyroidectomy and 15 total parathyroidectomy + subcutaneous autoimplantation. During a 5-year follow-up, patients did not receive a renal transplantation and were evaluated for biochemical modifications and major cardiovascular events - death, cardiovascular accidents, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. Results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 20 hemodialysis patients, affected by secondary hyperparathyroidism, and refusing surgical treatment, and following medical treatment only. RESULTS The groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, dialysis vintage, and comorbidities. Postoperative cardiovascular events were observed in 18/30 - 54% - surgical patients and in 4/20 - 20%- medical patients, with a mortality rate respectively of 23.3% in the surgical group vs. 15% in the control group. Parathyroidectomy was not associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity and survival rate was unaffected by surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS In secondary hyperparathyroidism hemodialysis patients affected by severe cardiovascular disease, surgery did not modify cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, in secondary hyperparathyroidism hemodialysis patients, resistant to medical treatment, only an early indication to calcimimetics, or surgery, in the initial stage of chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disorders, may offer a higher long-term survival. Further studies will be useful to clarify the role of secondary hyperparathyroidism in determining unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in hemodialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Conzo
- Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences - VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery-Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - First Division of Nephrology - Second University of Naples - Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Palazzo
- Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences - VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery-Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Cristina Della Pietra
- Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences - VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery-Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo” - Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Ersilia Satta
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - First Division of Nephrology - Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - First Division of Nephrology - Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Luigi Santini
- Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences - VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery-Second University of Naples - Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Anaesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences - VII Division of General and Endocrine Surgery-Second University of Naples - Italy
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Perna AF, Sepe I, Lanza D, Capasso R, Zappavigna S, Capasso G, Caraglia M, Ingrosso D. Hydrogen sulfide reduces cell adhesion and relevant inflammatory triggering by preventing ADAM17-dependent TNF-α activation. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1536-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lembo S, Capasso R, Balato A, Cirillo T, Flora F, Zappia V, Balato N, Ingrosso D, Ayala F. MCP-1 in psoriatic patients: effect of biological therapy. J DERMATOL TREAT 2013; 25:83-6. [PMID: 23480385 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2013.782091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine locally and systemically augmented in psoriasis. A single nucleotide polymorphism in MCP-1 promoter region -2518A→G is associated with higher gene expression. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate MCP-1 plasma level in psoriatic patients and to relate any association in plasmatic and cutaneous MCP-1 with clinical improvement due to biological drugs. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from: (i) 30 Caucasian patients with psoriasis and 10 controls, for determining MCP-1 plasma concentrations and -2518A→G polymorphism occurrence, (ii) 16 psoriatic patients treated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) adalimumab/etanercept or by anti-CD-11 efalizumab, before and after 2 months of treatment. Moreover, biopsies were performed on lesional skin of five patients treated with anti-TNF-α. MCP-1 plasma concentration and cutaneous expression were determined by ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS MCP-1 plasma level was significantly increased in psoriatic patients. -2518A→G polymorphism was similarly distributed in patients and controls and unrelated to MCP-1 plasma level or to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. All patients receiving biological drugs showed significant clinical improvement. Anti-TNF-α therapy moderately reduced MCP-1 plasma concentration and robustly decremented MCP-1 expression in lesional skin. CONCLUSION MCP-1 should be a potential local inflammatory marker in psoriatic patients to assess disease severity and anti-TNF-α treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lembo
- Department of Systematic Pathology, Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, University of Naples "Federico II" , Italy
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Perna AF, Lanza D, Sepe I, Di Nunzio A, Conzo G, Satta E, Capasso G, Ingrosso D. [Vasodilatation caused by endogenous hydrogen sulfide in chronic renal failure]. G Ital Nefrol 2013; 30:gin/00072.2. [PMID: 23832454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, (H2S), is an endogenous gas which exerts a protective function in several biological processes, including those involved in inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and energy metabolism. The enzymes involved in H2S production are cysthationine -synthetase, cysthationine -lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Low plasma H2S levels have been found in chronic renal failure (CRF) in both humans and animal models. The mechanisms leading to H2S deficiency in CRF are linked to reduced gene expression of cysthationine -lyase. Intense research is currently under way to discover the link between low H2S levels, CRF progression and the uremic syndrome and to determine whether therapeutic interventions aimed at increasing H2S levels might benefit these patients.
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Perna AF, Lanza D, Sepe I, Conzo G, Altucci L, Ingrosso D. Altered folate receptor 2 expression in uraemic patients on haemodialysis: implications for folate resistance. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1214-24. [PMID: 23439585 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate therapy reduces, but does not normalize homocysteine (Hcy) levels, frequently elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanisms of this folate resistance are unknown. Cellular acquisition of folate is mediated by folate receptors (FRs), whose expression is also modulated by folate status, through an Hcy-dependent regulation mechanism involving heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 (hnRNP-E1). Our objective was to evaluate whether an alteration of the FR2 (the form present in nucleated blood cells) expression is present in CKD patients on haemodialysis (HD), and its susceptibility to folate treatment. METHODS A population of chronic uraemic patients on HD was enrolled, along with a control group, and studies on FR2 receptor expression and related items were performed in plasma and mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. A subgroup of patients was treated with methyltetrahydrofolate for 1 month. RESULTS In HD, there was a significant reduction in FR2 protein expression compared with controls, not correlated with Hcy concentrations, while its mRNA levels were significantly increased. After folate treatment, there was a significant mRNA decrease, in the absence of significant changes in receptor protein expression. hnRNP-E1 gene and protein expression levels increased pre-treatment, while decreased post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS In HD, FR2 expression is altered in peripheral mononuclear cells, since its levels are decreased and are not responsive to variations in Hcy concentration, while the intracellular machinery (receptor mRNA and hnRNP-E1), possibly triggering its regulation, is conserved. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of folate resistance in uraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide, H(2)S, is a gaseous compound involved in a number of biological responses, e.g. blood pressure, vascular function and energy metabolism. In particular, H(2)S is able to lower blood pressure, protect from injury in models of ischaemia-reperfusion and induce a hypometabolic state. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), low plasma hydrogen sulphide levels have been established in humans and in animal models. The enzymes involved in its production are cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase. The mechanisms for H(2)S decrease in CKD are related to the reduced gene expression (demonstrated in uraemic patient blood cells) and decreased protein levels (in tissues such as liver, kidney, brain in a CKD rat model). In the present Nephrol Dial Transplant issue, in fact, Aminzadeh and Vaziri document that the alterations in this pathway complicate the uraemic state and are linked to CKD progression. They furnish a time frame in CKD and record enzyme tissue distribution. It remains to be established if low H(2)S is causally linked to CKD progression and if interventions aimed to restore the status quo ante are able to modify this picture.
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Viggiano A, Viggiano E, Monda M, Ingrosso D, Perna AF, De Luca B. Methionine-enriched diet decreases hippocampal antioxidant defences and impairs spontaneous behaviour and long-term potentiation in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1471:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Coppola G, Ingrosso D, Operto FF, Signoriello G, Lattanzio F, Barone E, Matera S, Verrotti A. Role of folic acid depletion on homocysteine serum level in children and adolescents with epilepsy and different MTHFR C677T genotypes. Seizure 2012; 21:340-3. [PMID: 22425007 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid involved in methionine metabolism. An elevated total plasma Hcy concentration (tHcy) is a risk factor for vascular disease. The present study aimed to assess the role of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) polymorphisms on tHcy in pediatric patients with epilepsy treated for at least 6 months with various treatment regimens protocols including the newer AEDs. The study group was recruited from children and adolescents with epilepsy followed up in the Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic of the Second University of Naples, between January 2007 and March 2008. Inclusion criteria were: (1) patients with epilepsy, treated with one or more anticonvulsant drugs for at least 6 months; (2) age between 2 and 16 years. Plasma tHcy concentrations were considered elevated when they exceeded 10.4 μmol/L, and folate concentrations <3 ng/mL were considered deficient. Serum vitamin B12 levels were considered normal between 230 and 1,200 pg/mL. The study group was composed of 78 patients (35 males, 43 females), aged between 3 and 15 years (mean 8.9 years). Thirty-five patients were taking AED monotherapy, 43 polytherapy. Sixty-three healthy sex- and age-matched children and adolescents served as controls. The mean tHcy value in the patient group was higher than the mean value in the control group (12.11 ± 7.68 μmol/L vs 7.4±4.01 μmol/L; p<0.01). DNA analysis for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed the CT genotype in 46%, CC in 35% and TT in 17.8% of cases. Decreased folic acid serum levels significantly correlated with increased tHcy levels (p<0.003). Female sex was a less significant risk factor for increased tHcy levels (p=0.039). Our study confirms the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and epilepsy. The elevation of tHcy is essentially related to low folate levels. Correction of poor folate status, through supplementation, remains the most effective approach to normalize tHcy levels in patients on AED mono- or polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangennaro Coppola
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical School, University of Salerno, Italy.
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Capasso R, Sambri I, Cimmino A, Salemme S, Lombardi C, Acanfora F, Satta E, Puppione DL, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Homocysteinylated albumin promotes increased monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and up-regulation of MCP1, Hsp60 and ADAM17. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31388. [PMID: 22319627 PMCID: PMC3272033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine is mainly bound to proteins in human plasma, and it has been hypothesized that homocysteinylated proteins are important mediators of the toxic effects of hyperhomocysteinemia. It has been recently demonstrated that homocysteinylated proteins are elevated in hemodialysis patients, a high cardiovascular risk population, and that homocysteinylated albumin shows altered properties. Objective Aim of this work was to investigate the effects of homocysteinylated albumin - the circulating form of this amino acid, utilized at the concentration present in uremia - on monocyte adhesion to a human endothelial cell culture monolayer and the relevant molecular changes induced at both cell levels. Methods and Results Treated endothelial cells showed a significant increase in monocyte adhesion. Endothelial cells showed after treatment a significant, specific and time-dependent increase in ICAM1 and VCAM1. Expression profiling and real time PCR, as well as protein analysis, showed an increase in the expression of genes encoding for chemokines/cytokines regulating the adhesion process and mediators of vascular remodeling (ADAM17, MCP1, and Hsp60). The mature form of ADAM17 was also increased as well as Tnf-α released in the cell medium. At monocyte level, treatment induced up-regulation of ICAM1, MCP1 and its receptor CCR2. Conclusions Treatment with homocysteinylated albumin specifically increases monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through up-regulation of effectors involved in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo”, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Sambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo”, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Salemme
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo”, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lombardi
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Acanfora
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Satta
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Donald L. Puppione
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo”, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Perna AF, Violetti E, Lanza D, Sepe I, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Santoro D, Satta E, Cirillo G, Lupo A, Abaterusso C, Raiola I, Raiola P, Coppola S, Di Iorio B, Tirino G, Cirillo M, Ingrosso D, De Santo NG. Therapy of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of folates and N-acetylcysteine. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:507-514.e1. [PMID: 22226754 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uremia represents a state where hyperhomocysteinemia is resistant to folate therapy, thus undermining intervention trials' efficacy. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in addition to folates (5-methyltetrahydrofolate, MTHF), was tested in a population of hemodialysis patients. DESIGN The study is an open, parallel, intervention study. SETTING Ambulatory chronic hemodialysis patients. SUBJECTS Clinically stable chronic hemodialysis patients, on hemodialysis since more than 3 months, undergoing a folate washout. Control group on standard therapy (n = 50). INTERVENTION One group was treated with intravenous MTHF (MTHF group, n = 48). A second group was represented by patients treated with MTHF, and, during the course of 10 hemodialysis sessions, NAC was administered intravenous (MTHF + NAC group, n = 47). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Plasma homocysteine measured before and after dialysis at the first and the last treatment. RESULTS At the end of the study, there was a significant decrease in predialysis plasma homocysteine levels in the MTHF group and MTHF + NAC group, compared with the control group, but no significant difference between the MTHF group and MTHF + NAC group. A significant decrease in postdialysis plasma homocysteine levels in MTHF + NAC group (10.27 ± 0.94 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval: 8.37-12.17) compared with the MTHF group (16.23 ± 0.83, 95% confidence interval: 14.55-17.90) was present. In the MTHF + NAC group, 64% of patients reached a postdialysis homocysteine level <12 μmol/L, compared with 19% in the MTHF group and 16% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS NAC therapy induces a significant additional decrease in homocysteine removal during dialysis. The advantage is limited to the time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Perna AF, Sepe I, Lanza D, Pollastro RM, De Santo NG, Ingrosso D. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Chronic Renal Failure: Alternative Therapeutic Strategies. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:191-4. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Sambri I, Capasso R, Pucci P, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. The microRNA 15a/16-1 cluster down-regulates protein repair isoaspartyl methyltransferase in hepatoma cells: implications for apoptosis regulation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43690-43700. [PMID: 22033921 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.290437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginyl deamidation, a spontaneous protein post-biosynthetic modification, determines isoaspartyl formation and structure-function impairment. The isoaspartyl protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase (PCMT1; EC 2.1.1.77) catalyzes the repair of the isopeptide bonds at isoaspartyl sites, preventing deamidation-related functional impairment. Protein deamidation affects key apoptosis mediators, such as BclxL, thus increasing susceptibility to apoptosis, whereas PCMT1 activity may effectively counteract such alterations. The aim of this work was to establish the role of RNAi as a potential mechanism for regulating PCMT1 expression and its possible implications in apoptosis. We investigated the regulatory properties of the microRNA 15a/16-1 cluster on PCMT1 expression on HepG2 cells. MicroRNA 15a or microRNA 16-1 transfection, as well as their relevant antagonists, showed that PCMT1 is effectively regulated by this microRNA cluster. The direct interaction of these two microRNAs with the seed sequence at the 3' UTR of PCMT1 transcripts was demonstrated by the luciferase assay system. The role of PCMT1 down-regulation in conditioning the susceptibility to apoptosis was investigated using various specific siRNA or shRNA approaches, to prevent non-PCMT1-specific pleiotropic effects to take place. We found that PCMT1 silencing is associated with an increase of the BclxL isoform reported to be inactivated by deamidation, thus making cells more susceptible to apoptosis induced by cisplatinum. We conclude that PCMT1 is effectively regulated by the microRNA 15a/16-1 cluster and is involved in apoptosis by preserving the structural stability and biological function of BclxL from deamidation. Control of PCMT1 expression by microRNA 15a/16-1 may thus represent a late checkpoint in apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Ceinge, Advanced Biotechnologies and School of Life Science, "Federico II" University, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
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Perna AF, Luciano MG, Ingrosso D, Raiola I, Pulzella P, Sepe I, Lanza D, Violetti E, Capasso R, Lombardi C, De Santo NG. Hydrogen sulfide, the third gaseous signaling molecule with cardiovascular properties, is decreased in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2011; 20:S11-4. [PMID: 20797558 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, H(2)S, is the third endogenous gas with cardiovascular properties, after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H(2)S is a potent vasorelaxant, and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Cystathionine beta-synthase, cystathionine gamma-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase catalyze H(2)S formation. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and high cardiovascular mortality, especially in hemodialysis patients. H(2)S levels are decreased in hemodialysis patients through transcriptional deregulation of genes encoding for the H(2)S-producing enzymes. Potential implications relate to the pathogenesis of the manifestations of the uremic syndrome, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Second University of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Perna AF, Lanza D, Sepe I, Raiola I, Capasso R, De Santo NG, Ingrosso D. Hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas with cardiovascular properties in uremia: how harmful is it? Blood Purif 2011; 31:102-6. [PMID: 21228576 DOI: 10.1159/000321838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a poisonous gas which can be lethal. However, it is also produced endogenously, thus belonging to the family of gasotransmitters along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H(2)S is in fact involved in mediating several signaling and cytoprotective functions, for example in the nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems, such as neuronal transmission, blood pressure regulation and insulin release, among others. When increased, it can mediate inflammation and apoptosis, with a role in shock. When decreased, it can be involved in atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, and gastric ulcer; it notably interacts with the other gaseous mediators. Cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are the principal enzymes involved in H(2)S production. We have recently studied H(2)S metabolism in the plasma of chronic hemodialysis patients and reported that its levels are significantly decreased. The plausible mechanism lies in the transcription inhibition of the cystathionine γ-lyase gene. The finding could be of importance considering that hypertension and high cardiovascular mortality are characteristic in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Second University of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
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Perna AF, Sepe I, Lanza D, Capasso R, Di Marino V, De Santo NG, Ingrosso D. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol 2010; 23 Suppl 16:S92-S96. [PMID: 21170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is the third endogenous gas with cardiovascular properties (the others are nitric oxide and carbon monoxide). In fact, among other important signaling functions, H2S plays a key role in regulating blood pressure. Cystathionine ß-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are the principal enzymes devoted to H2S formation. We have recently shown that H2S levels are decreased in patients on chronic hemodialysis through the transcriptional deregulation of the CSE gene, hinting at the possibility that a link exists between this finding and hypertension and the high cardiovascular mortality typical of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Second University of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Violetti E, Luciano MG, Sepe I, Lanza D, Capasso R, Ascione E, Raiola I, Lombardi C, Stenvinkel P, Massy Z, De Santo NG. Hyperhomocysteinemia in uremia--a red flag in a disrupted circuit. Semin Dial 2010; 22:351-6. [PMID: 19708980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2009.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, according to most observational studies and to studies using the Mendelian randomization approach, utilizing the common polymorphism C677T of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase. In contrast, the most recent secondary preventive intervention studies, in the general population and in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and uremia, which are all negative (with the possible notable exception of stroke), point to other directions. However, all trials use folic acid in various dosages as a means to reduce homocysteine levels, with the addition of vitamins B6 and B12. It is possible that folic acid has negative effects, which offset the benefits; alternatively, homocysteine could be an innocent by-stander, or a surrogate of the real culprit. The latter possibility leads us to the search for potential candidates. First, the accumulation of homocysteine in blood leads to an intracellular increase of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), a powerful competitive methyltransferase inhibitor, which by itself is considered a predictor of cardiovascular events. DNA methyltransferases are among the principal targets of hyperhomocysteinemia, as studies in several cell culture and animal models, as well as in humans, show. In CKD and in uremia, hyperhomocysteinemia and high intracellular AdoHcy are present and are associated with abnormal allelic expression of genes regulated through methylation, such as imprinted genes, and pseudoautosomal genes, thus pointing to epigenetic dysregulation. These alterations are susceptible to reversal upon homocysteine-lowering therapy obtained through folate administration. Second, it has to be kept in mind that homocysteine is mainly protein-bound, and its effects could be linked therefore to protein homocysteinylation. In this respect, increased protein homocysteinylation has been found in uremia, leading to alterations in protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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De Bonis ML, Tessitore A, Pellecchia MT, Longo K, Salvatore A, Russo A, Ingrosso D, Zappia V, Barone P, Galletti P, Tedeschi G. Impaired transmethylation potential in Parkinson's disease patients treated with L-Dopa. Neurosci Lett 2009; 468:287-91. [PMID: 19909787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia was reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with l-Dopa. The increase in plasma concentration of this sulfur compound arises from the massive methylation of the drug operated by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which acts as a powerful sink of methyl groups. The contemporary occurrence of C677T polymorphism in homozygosity, leading to a temperature-labile variant of the MTHFR enzyme, induces an even more marked increase in tHcy. Here we show that l-Dopa administration in hyperhomocysteinemic PD patients is able to lower intracellular concentration of S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) in erythrocytes (RBC), while the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinaemia causes a significant increase in S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) level. In patients with PD treated with l-Dopa and hyperhomocysteinemic, the remarkable decrease in AdoMet and the concurrent increase in AdoHcy concentration both contribute to significantly lower the transmethylation potential ([AdoMet]/[AdoHcy]), a useful index of the effectiveness of methyl group transfer by methyltransferases. This decrease could indeed contribute to partly attenuate, through a self-limiting kinetic mechanism, the tendency of developing drug resistance, partly mediated in these patients by COMT upregulation. Our results also support the conclusion that COMT inhibitors (entacapone or tolcapone), when administered in PD patients treated with l-Dopa, may potentiate the endogenous AdoHcy-dependent COMT inhibition mechanism already operative in a variable fashion.
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Perna AF, Luciano MG, Ingrosso D, Pulzella P, Sepe I, Lanza D, Violetti E, Capasso R, Lombardi C, De Santo NG. Hydrogen sulphide-generating pathways in haemodialysis patients: a study on relevant metabolites and transcriptional regulation of genes encoding for key enzymes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3756-63. [PMID: 19654230 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulphide, H(2)S, is the third endogenous gas with putative cardiovascular properties, after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H(2)S is a vasorelaxant, while H(2)S deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPS) catalyze H(2)S formation, with different relative efficiencies. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by elevation of both plasma homocysteine and cysteine, which are substrates of these enzymes, and by a high prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in the haemodialysis stage. It is possible that the H(2)S-generating pathways are altered as well in this patient population. METHODS Plasma H(2)S levels were measured with a common spectrophotometric method. This method detects various forms of H(2)S, protein-bound and non-protein-bound. Blood sulphaemoglobin, a marker of chronic exposure to H(2)S, was also measured, as well as related sulphur amino acids, vitamins and transcriptional levels of relevant genes, in haemodialysis patients and compared to healthy controls. RESULTS Applying the above-mentioned methodology, H(2)S levels were found to be decreased in patients. Sulphaemoglobin levels were significantly lower as well. Plasma homocysteine and cysteine were significantly higher; vitamin B(6), a cofactor in H(2)S biosynthesis, was not different. H(2)S correlated negatively with cysteine levels. CSE expression was significantly downregulated in haemodialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional deregulation of genes encoding for H(2)S-producing enzymes is present in uraemia. Although the specificity of the method employed for H(2)S detection is low, the finding that H(2)S is decreased is complemented by the lower sulphhaemoglobin levels. Potential implications of this study relate to the pathogenesis of the uraemic syndrome manifestations, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, via Pansini 5, Second University of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Ingrosso D, Perna AF. Epigenetics in hyperhomocysteinemic states. A special focus on uremia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:892-9. [PMID: 19245874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this article is to review the topic of epigenetic control of gene expression, especially regarding DNA methylation, in chronic kidney disease and uremia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor, although the most recent intervention studies utilizing folic acid are negative. The accumulation of homocysteine in blood leads to an intracellular increase of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), a powerful competitive methyltransferase inhibitor, which is itself considered a predictor of cardiovascular events. The extent of methylation inhibition of each individual methyltransferase depends on the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) availability, on the [AdoMet]/[AdoHcy] ratio, and on the individual Km value for AdoMet and Ki for AdoHcy. DNA methyltransferases are among the principal targets of hyperhomocysteinemia, as studies in several cell culture and animal models, as well as in humans, almost unequivocally show. In vivo, DNA methylation may be also influenced by various factors in different tissues, for example by rate of cell growth, folate status, etc. and importantly inflammation. In chronic kidney disease and in uremia, hyperhomocysteinemia is commonly seen, and can be associated with global DNA hypomethylation, and with abnormal allelic expression of genes regulated through methylation. This alteration is susceptible of reversal upon homocysteine-lowering therapy obtained through folate administration. If this abnormality will translate itself in alterations of expression of genes relevant to the pathogenesis of this disease still remains to be established. In addition, these results establish a link between the epigenetic control of gene expression and xenobiotic influences, such as folate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Italy.
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Zampino R, Ingrosso D, Durante-Mangoni E, Capasso R, Tripodi MF, Restivo L, Zappia V, Ruggiero G, Adinolfi LE. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) -493G/T gene polymorphism contributes to fat liver accumulation in HCV genotype 3 infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2008; 15:740-6. [PMID: 18482281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(A) A reduced activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key enzyme of assembly/secretion of lipoproteins, is related to HCV steatosis. Host genetic background may influence development of steatosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between MTP-493 G/T gene polymorphism, fat liver accumulation and fibrosis progression in HCV infected patients. A total of 102 naïve patients with liver biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C were evaluated for MTP-493 G/T gene polymorphism, HCV RNA, HCV genotype, HOMA-IR, serum adiponectin, TNF-alpha and serum lipid levels. HCV genotype 3 infected patients carrying the T allele of the MTP gene polymorphism showed higher degree of steatosis than those carrying GG genotype (3.45 +/- 0.37 vs 1.30 +/- 0.45, respectively; P < 0.001). MTP'T' allele carriers also had higher HCV RNA serum levels (P < 0.01) and hepatic fibrosis (P < 0.001). Irrespective of MTP genotype, patients with HCV genotype 3 had lower levels of cholesterol, ApoB, HDL and LDL. In HCV genotype non-3 infected patients no parameters were associated with MTP gene polymorphism. In conclusion the presence of T allele of MTP-493G/T gene polymorphism predisposes patients infested with HCV genotype 3 to develop higher degree of fatty liver accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zampino
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, F Cedrangolo, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Cimmino A, Capasso R, Muller F, Sambri I, Masella L, Raimo M, De Bonis ML, D'Angelo S, Zappia V, Galletti P, Ingrosso D. Protein isoaspartate methyltransferase prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in endothelial cells: role of Bcl-Xl deamidation and methylation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3258. [PMID: 18806875 PMCID: PMC2532751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural proteins undergo in vivo spontaneous post-biosynthetic deamidation of specific asparagine residues with isoaspartyl formation. Deamidated-isomerized molecules are both structurally and functionally altered. The enzyme isoaspartyl protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase (PCMT; EC 2.1.1.77) has peculiar substrate specificity towards these deamidated proteins. It catalyzes methyl esterification of the free α-carboxyl group at the isoaspartyl site, thus initiating the repair of these abnormal proteins through the conversion of the isopeptide bond into a normal α-peptide bond. Deamidation occurs slowly during cellular and molecular aging, being accelerated by physical-chemical stresses brought to the living cells. Previous evidence supports a role of protein deamidation in the acquisition of susceptibility to apoptosis. Aim of this work was to shed a light on the role of PCMT in apoptosis clarifying the relevant mechanism(s). Methodology/Principal Findings Endothelial cells transiently transfected with various constructs of PCMT, i.e. overexpressing wild type PCMT or negative dominants, were used to investigate the role of protein methylation during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress (H2O2; 0.1–0.5 mM range). Results show that A) Cells overexpressing “wild type” human PCMT were resistant to apoptosis, whereas overexpression of antisense PCMT induces high sensitivity to apoptosis even at low H2O2 concentrations. B) PCMT protective effect is specifically due to its methyltransferase activity rather than to any other non-enzymatic interactions. In fact negative dominants, overexpressing PCMT mutants devoid of catalytic activity do not prevent apoptosis. C) Cells transfected with antisense PCMT, or overexpressing a PCMT mutant, accumulate isoaspartyl-containing damaged proteins upon H2O2 treatment. Proteomics allowed the identification of proteins, which are both PCMT substrates and apoptosis effectors, whose deamidation occurs under oxidative stress conditions leading to programmed cell death. These proteins, including Hsp70, Hsp90, actin, and Bcl-xL, are recognized and methylated by PCMT, according to the general repair mechanism of this methyltransferase. Conclusion/Significance Apoptosis can be modulated by “on/off” switch partitioning the amount of specific protein effectors, which are either in their active (native) or inactive (deamidated) molecular forms. Deamidated proteins can also be functionally restored through methylation. Bcl-xL provides a case for the role of PCMT in the maintenance of functional stability of this antiapoptotic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Cimmino
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabbri Muller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Irene Sambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Masella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Raimo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia De Bonis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Galletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
High levels of homocysteine have been implicated as a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population and in patients with chronic renal failure, and particularly patients on hemodialysis. To classify a risk factor as causally related to a certain disease, both strong epidemiologic data and sound basic-science studies establishing a mechanism are needed. Among the latter, the hypomethylation of proteins and DNA, and protein homocysteinylation, have been investigated in uremia, providing for an array of toxic effects in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, and Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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49
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Galletti P, De Bonis ML, Sorrentino A, Raimo M, D'Angelo S, Scala I, Andria G, D'Aniello A, Ingrosso D, Zappia V. Accumulation of altered aspartyl residues in erythrocyte proteins from patients with Down's syndrome. FEBS J 2007; 274:5263-77. [PMID: 17892495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous protein deamidation of labile Asn residues, generating L-isoaspartates and D-aspartates, is associated with cell aging and is enhanced by an oxidative microenvironment; to minimize the damage, the isoaspartate residues can be 'repaired' by a specific L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) protein O-methyltransferase (PIMT). As both premature aging and chronic oxidative stress are typical features of Down's syndrome (DS), we tested the hypothesis that deamidated proteins may build up in trisomic patients. Blood samples were obtained from children with karyotypically confirmed full trisomy 21 and from age-matched healthy controls. Using recombinant PIMT as a probe, we demonstrated a dramatic rise of L-isoaspartates in erythrocyte membrane proteins from DS patients. The content of D-aspartate was also significantly increased. The integrity of the repair system was checked by evaluating methionine transport, PIMT specific activity, and intracellular concentrations of adenosylmethionine and adenosylhomocysteine. The overall methylation pathway was directly monitored by incubating fresh red blood cells with methyl-labeled methionine; a three-fold increase of protein methyl esters was detected in trisomic children. Deamidated species include ankyrin, band 4.1, band 4.2 and the integral membrane protein band 3; ankyrin and band 4.1 were significantly hypermethylated in DS. When DS red blood cells were subjected to oxidative treatment in vitro, the increase of protein deamidation paralleled lipid peroxidation and free radical generation. We observed a similar pattern in Epstein-Barr virus B-lymphocytes from trisomic patients. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that protein instability at asparagine sites is a biochemical feature of DS, presumably depending upon the oxidative microenvironment. The possible pathophysiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Galletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
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50
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Perna AF, Acanfora F, Satta E, Lombardi C, Capasso R, Ingrosso D, De Santo NG. L-Propionyl carnitine, homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in hemodialysis. J Nephrol 2007; 20:63-5. [PMID: 17347975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Carnitine, the acyl carrier into mitochondria, is derived from trimethyllysine. The formation of the latter compound is catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase, yielding S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), the homocysteine direct precursor, as a product. Aim of this work was to determine if exogenously administered L-propionyl carnitine affects plasma levels of homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk factor, and its active metabolite AdoHcy, in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Plasma homocysteine and AdoHcy were determined by means of HPLC separation and detection in 14 hemodialysis patients before and after two months of i.v. L-propionyl carnitine treatment. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of homocysteine or AdoHcy after therapy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a carnitine derivative does not significantly influence the plasma concentrations of homocysteine or of its active metabolite, AdoHcy, which are involved as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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