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Kracht PAM, Arends JE, van Erpecum KJ, Urbanus A, Willemse JA, Hoepelman AIM, Croes EA. Strategies for achieving viral hepatitis C micro-elimination in the Netherlands. Hepatol Med Policy 2018; 3:12. [PMID: 30288334 PMCID: PMC6162944 DOI: 10.1186/s41124-018-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Netherlands is striving to achieve national elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as one of the first countries worldwide. The favorable HCV epidemiology with both low prevalence and incidence, together with access to care and treatment, present excellent conditions to further build on towards this objective. The Dutch national plan on viral hepatitis, introduced in 2016, defines targets in the HCV healthcare cascade and provides a structural framework for the development of elimination activities. Since many different stakeholders are involved in HCV care in the Netherlands, focus has been placed on micro-elimination initiatives as a pragmatic and efficient approach. These numerous micro-eliminations projects have brought the Netherlands closer to HCV elimination. In the near future, efforts specifically have to be made in order to optimize case-finding strategies and to successfully accomplish the nationwide implementation of the registration and monitoring system of viral hepatitis mono-infections, before this final goal can be reached. The upcoming years will then elucidate if the Dutch' hands on approach has resulted in sufficient progress against HCV and if the Netherlands will lead the way towards nationwide HCV elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. M. Kracht
- Department of Internal medicine and Infectious disease, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. E. Arends
- Department of Internal medicine and Infectious disease, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K. J. van Erpecum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A. Urbanus
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Willemse
- Dutch Liver Patient Association (NLV), Hoogland, the Netherlands
| | - A. I. M. Hoepelman
- Department of Internal medicine and Infectious disease, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E. A. Croes
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chavannes NH, Meijer E, Wind L, van de Graaf RC, Rietbergen C, Croes EA. [Not Available]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017; 161:D1394. [PMID: 28401822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
- The revised guideline 'Treatment of tobacco addiction and smoking cessation support' offers health professionals a framework to provide evidence-based care to patients who smoke, which should aid in reducing smoking prevalence and smoke-related morbidity and mortality.- Four topics of the guideline have been revised: behavioural interventions, pharmacotherapy, e-health interventions and e-cigarettes. For the other topics, the recommendations from the 2009 version remain unaltered.- It is important that health professionals offer a made-to-measure smoking cessation advice and apply a fit-for-purpose smoking cessation intervention.- Nicotine replacement therapy remains the first-line pharmacotherapy intervention and is most effective when combined with behavioural intervention.- E-health interventions are particularly effective when they are personalised and of an interactive nature, and when text messaging is incorporated.- At present, e-cigarettes are not recommended as an aid to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Chavannes
- LUMC, afd. Public Health en Eerstelijnsgeneeskunde, Leiden
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Reep-van den Bergh CMM, Harteloh PPM, Croes EA. [Leading cause of death in young Dutch people: the cigarette]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017; 161:D1991. [PMID: 28914220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of smoking on premature death in the Netherlands and the difference between causes of death for smokers and non-smokers. DESIGN Observational cohort study. METHOD Data on smoking behaviour were obtained from 40,000 people who participated in the CBS (Statistics Netherlands) health survey between 2001-2006. These data were linked to data on death and cause of death for the 10 years following this questionnaire. Hazard ratios were calculated for premature deaths among smokers, classified into smoking intensity, and ex-smokers as compared with those who had never smoked. These data were used to estimate cumulative death of smokers versus non-smokers. RESULTS The hazard ratio for premature death was 3.8 (95% CI: 3.2-4.5) for heavy smokers, 2.6 (95% CI: 2.2-3.0) for moderate smokers and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3-2.3) for light smokers. Lifelong heavy smokers had a chance of 23% of dying before the age of 65. For moderate and light smokers and for non-smokers, the chance was respectively 16, 11 and 7%. For half of all people who died relatively young, cancer was the underlying cause of death. This was mainly lung cancer for smokers. Heavy smokers are estimated to have lost 13 years of life, moderate smokers 9 and light smokers 5. Smoking cessation at any age still benefited health. Ex-smokers who had quit before an approximate age of 35 had the same life expectancy as lifelong non-smokers. CONCLUSION An estimated four in ten premature deaths can be attributed to smoking in the Netherlands. Cancer is the predominant cause of death amongst smokers. Smoking cessation increases life expectancy. Therefore, the earlier a smoker stops, the better.
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Willemse SB, Razavi-Shearer D, Zuure FR, Veldhuijzen IK, Croes EA, van der Meer AJ, van Santen DK, de Vree JM, de Knegt RJ, Zaaijer HL, Reesink HW, Prins M, Razavi H. The estimated future disease burden of hepatitis C virus in the Netherlands with different treatment paradigms. Neth J Med 2015; 73:417-431. [PMID: 26582807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Netherlands is low (anti-HCV prevalence 0.22%). All-oral treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is tolerable and effective but expensive. Our analysis projected the future HCV-related disease burden in the Netherlands by applying different treatment scenarios. METHODS Using a modelling approach, the size of the HCV-viraemic population in the Netherlands in 2014 was estimated using available data and expert consensus. The base scenario (based on the current Dutch situation) and different treatment scenarios (with increased efficacy, treatment uptake, and diagnoses) were modelled and the future HCV disease burden was predicted for each scenario. RESULTS The estimated number of individuals with viraemic HCV infection in the Netherlands in 2014 was 19,200 (prevalence 0.12%). By 2030, this number is projected to decrease by 4 5% in the base scenario and by 85% if the number of treated patients increases. Furthermore, the number of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related deaths is estimated to decrease by 19% and 27%, respectively, in the base scenario, but may both be further decreased by 68% when focusing on treatment of HCV patients with a fibrosis stage of ≥ F2. CONCLUSIONS A substantial reduction in HCV-related disease burden is possible with increases in treatment uptake as the efficacy of current therapies is high. Further reduction of HCV-related disease burden may be achieved through increases in diagnosis and preventative measures. These results might inform the further development of effective disease management strategies in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Willemse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gane E, Kershenobich D, Seguin-Devaux C, Kristian P, Aho I, Dalgard O, Shestakova I, Nymadawa P, Blach S, Acharya S, Anand AC, Andersson MI, Arendt V, Arkkila P, Baatarkhuu O, Barclay K, Ben-Ari Z, Bergin C, Bessone F, Blokhina N, Brunton CR, Choudhuri G, Chulanov V, Cisneros L, Croes EA, Dahgwahdorj YA, Daruich JR, Dashdorj NR, Davaadorj D, de Knegt RJ, de Vree M, Gadano AC, Gower E, Halota W, Hatzakis A, Henderson C, Hoffmann P, Hornell J, Houlihan D, Hrusovsky S, Jarčuška P, Kostrzewska K, Leshno M, Lurie Y, Mahomed A, Mamonova N, Mendez-Sanchez N, Mossong J, Norris S, Nurmukhametova E, Oltman M, Oyunbileg J, Oyunsuren T, Papatheodoridis G, Pimenov N, Prins M, Puri P, Radke S, Rakhmanova A, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer K, Reesink HW, Ridruejo E, Safadi R, Sagalova O, Sanchez Avila JF, Sanduijav R, Saraswat V, Schréter I, Shah SR, Shevaldin A, Shibolet O, Silva MO, Sokolov S, Sonderup M, Souliotis K, Spearman CW, Staub T, Stedman C, Strebkova EA, Struck D, Sypsa V, Tomasiewicz K, Undram L, van der Meer AJ, van Santen D, Veldhuijzen I, Villamil FG, Willemse S, Zuckerman E, Zuure FR, Prabdial-Sing N, Flisiak R, Estes C. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease burden - volume 2. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22 Suppl 1:46-73. [PMID: 25560841 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: (i) increased treatment efficacy while holding the treated population constant and (ii) increased treatment efficacy and increased annual treated population. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. In most countries, the annual treated population had to increase several fold to achieve the largest reductions in HCV-related morbidity and mortality. This suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. In most of the studied countries, the majority of patients were born between 1945 and 1985.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gane
- Auckland Hospital Clinical Studies Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hatzakis A, Chulanov V, Gadano AC, Bergin C, Ben-Ari Z, Mossong J, Schréter I, Baatarkhuu O, Acharya S, Aho I, Anand AC, Andersson MI, Arendt V, Arkkila P, Barclay K, Bessone F, Blach S, Blokhina N, Brunton CR, Choudhuri G, Cisneros L, Croes EA, Dahgwahdorj YA, Dalgard O, Daruich JR, Dashdorj NR, Davaadorj D, de Knegt RJ, de Vree M, Estes C, Flisiak R, Gane E, Gower E, Halota W, Henderson C, Hoffmann P, Hornell J, Houlihan D, Hrusovsky S, Jarčuška P, Kershenobich D, Kostrzewska K, Kristian P, Leshno M, Lurie Y, Mahomed A, Mamonova N, Mendez-Sanchez N, Norris S, Nurmukhametova E, Nymadawa P, Oltman M, Oyunbileg J, Oyunsuren T, Papatheodoridis G, Pimenov N, Prabdial-Sing N, Prins M, Radke S, Rakhmanova A, Razavi-Shearer K, Reesink HW, Ridruejo E, Safadi R, Sagalova O, Sanchez Avila JF, Sanduijav R, Saraswat V, Seguin-Devaux C, Shah SR, Shestakova I, Shevaldin A, Shibolet O, Silva MO, Sokolov S, Sonderup M, Souliotis K, Spearman CW, Staub T, Stedman C, Strebkova EA, Struck D, Sypsa V, Tomasiewicz K, Undram L, van der Meer AJ, van Santen D, Veldhuijzen I, Villamil FG, Willemse S, Zuckerman E, Zuure FR, Puri P, Razavi H. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections with today's treatment paradigm - volume 2. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22 Suppl 1:26-45. [PMID: 25560840 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are increasing in many countries as the infected population ages. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viremic population, as well as estimate the number of new infections and HCV related deaths from 2013 to 2030. Expert consensus was used to determine current treatment levels and outcomes in each country. In most countries, viremic prevalence has already peaked. In every country studied, prevalence begins to decline before 2030, when current treatment levels were held constant. In contrast, cases of advanced liver disease and liver related deaths will continue to increase through 2030 in most countries. The current treatment paradigm is inadequate if large reductions in HCV related morbidity and mortality are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Saraswat V, Norris S, de Knegt RJ, Sanchez Avila JF, Sonderup M, Zuckerman E, Arkkila P, Stedman C, Acharya S, Aho I, Anand AC, Andersson MI, Arendt V, Baatarkhuu O, Barclay K, Ben-Ari Z, Bergin C, Bessone F, Blach S, Blokhina N, Brunton CR, Choudhuri G, Chulanov V, Cisneros L, Croes EA, Dahgwahdorj YA, Dalgard O, Daruich JR, Dashdorj NR, Davaadorj D, de Vree M, Estes C, Flisiak R, Gadano AC, Gane E, Halota W, Hatzakis A, Henderson C, Hoffmann P, Hornell J, Houlihan D, Hrusovsky S, Jarčuška P, Kershenobich D, Kostrzewska K, Kristian P, Leshno M, Lurie Y, Mahomed A, Mamonova N, Mendez-Sanchez N, Mossong J, Nurmukhametova E, Nymadawa P, Oltman M, Oyunbileg J, Oyunsuren T, Papatheodoridis G, Pimenov N, Prabdial-Sing N, Prins M, Puri P, Radke S, Rakhmanova A, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer K, Reesink HW, Ridruejo E, Safadi R, Sagalova O, Sanduijav R, Schréter I, Seguin-Devaux C, Shah SR, Shestakova I, Shevaldin A, Shibolet O, Sokolov S, Souliotis K, Spearman CW, Staub T, Strebkova EA, Struck D, Tomasiewicz K, Undram L, van der Meer AJ, van Santen D, Veldhuijzen I, Villamil FG, Willemse S, Zuure FR, Silva MO, Sypsa V, Gower E. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 2. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22 Suppl 1:6-25. [PMID: 25560839 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. In many countries, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data that are crucial in implementing disease control measures as new treatment options become available. Published literature, unpublished data and expert consensus were used to determine key parameters, including prevalence, viremia, genotype and the number of patients diagnosed and treated. In this study of 15 countries, viremic prevalence ranged from 0.13% in the Netherlands to 2.91% in Russia. The largest viremic populations were in India (8 666 000 cases) and Russia (4 162 000 cases). In most countries, males had a higher rate of infections, likely due to higher rates of injection drug use (IDU). Estimates characterizing the infected population are critical to focus screening and treatment efforts as new therapeutic options become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saraswat
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sleegers K, de Koning I, Aulchenko YS, van Rijn MJE, Houben MPWA, Croes EA, van Swieten JC, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Cerebrovascular risk factors do not contribute to genetic variance of cognitive function: the ERF study. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 28:735-41. [PMID: 16698126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cognition in later life may result from Alzheimer's disease-related pathology, but also from vascular pathology. We studied to what extent vascular risk explained heritability of cognition in 780 individuals, related in one extended pedigree in a genetically isolated population, in the ERF study. Heritability was estimated using variance components modelling (SOLAR). Univariate analyses included models with and without vascular disease; bivariate analyses included both cognitive and vascular traits, such as blood pressure, serum glucose or lipids. Heritability for immediate and delayed recall, recognition, semantic fluency, Trail making B and Stroop tests was significant, with estimates from 0.16 to 0.36. Vascular factors did not affect cognitive functions, except immediate recall and the Stroop test. Heritability estimates did not change significantly when adjusted for vascular disease. We found no genetic correlation between cognition and vascular traits. Therefore, in this population vascular disease is mildly associated with cognitive dysfunction, and in those with vascular disease, the underlying genetic risk factors are not likely to account for the genetic variation in cognition at adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sleegers
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ladogana A, Puopolo M, Croes EA, Budka H, Jarius C, Collins S, Klug GM, Sutcliffe T, Giulivi A, Alperovitch A, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Brandel JP, Poser S, Kretzschmar H, Rietveld I, Mitrova E, Cuesta JDP, Martinez-Martin P, Glatzel M, Aguzzi A, Knight R, Ward H, Pocchiari M, van Duijn CM, Will RG, Zerr I. Mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Neurology 2006; 64:1586-91. [PMID: 15883321 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000160117.56690.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An international study of the epidemiologic characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was established in 1993 and included national registries in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. In 1997, the study was extended to Australia, Austria, Canada, Spain, and Switzerland. METHODS Data were pooled from all participating countries for the years 1993 to 2002 and included deaths from definite or probable CJD of all etiologic subtypes. RESULTS Four thousand four hundred forty-one cases were available for analysis and included 3,720 cases of sporadic CJD, 455 genetic cases, 138 iatrogenic cases, and 128 variant cases. The overall annual mortality rate between 1999 and 2002 was 1.67 per million for all cases and 1.39 per million for sporadic CJD. Mortality rates were similar in all countries. There was heterogeneity in the distribution of cases by etiologic subtype with an excess of genetic cases in Italy and Slovakia, of iatrogenic cases in France and the UK, and of variant CJD in the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study has established overall epidemiologic characteristics for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) of all types in a multinational population-based study. Intercountry comparisons did not suggest any relative change in the characteristics of sporadic CJD in the United Kingdom, and the evidence in this study does not suggest the occurrence of a novel form of human bovine spongiform encephalopathy infection other than variant CJD. However, this remains a possibility, and countries currently unaffected by variant CJD may yet have cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ladogana
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences-ISS, Rome, Italy
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Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, van Rijn MJE, Schut AFC, Aulchenko YS, Croes EA, Zillikens MC, Pols HAP, Witteman JCM, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Heritability of the Function and Structure of the Arterial Wall. Stroke 2005; 36:2351-6. [PMID: 16239631 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000185719.66735.dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Using 930 individuals connected in a single pedigree from an isolated population, participants of the Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) study, we investigated the heritability of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima media thickness (IMT), and carotid plaque score. METHODS PWV was measured between the carotid and femoral arteries as an indicator of aortic stiffness. Common carotid IMT and plaque score, quantifying alterations in arterial wall structure, were measured by ultrasonography. RESULTS All 3 traits were significantly associated with classic cardiovascular risk factors. Age- and gender-adjusted heritability estimates were 0.36 for PWV, 0.41 for carotid IMT, and 0.28 for plaque score. After adjustment for appropriate risk factors, the heritabilities were 0.26, 0.35, and 0.21 for PWV, IMT, and plaque score, respectively. All heritability estimates were statistically significant (P<0.001). Taking into account different proportions of variance associated with covariates for each trait, genetic factors explained &12% of the total variability for each of the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report on the heritability of PWV. The heritability estimates of IMT and plaque score were similar to those in previous reports. We conclude that genetic factors significantly contribute to arterial structure and function in this isolated population, presenting the opportunity to locate susceptibility genes related to cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Sayed-Tabatabaei
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pocchiari M, Puopolo M, Croes EA, Budka H, Gelpi E, Collins S, Lewis V, Sutcliffe T, Guilivi A, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Brandel JP, Alperovitch A, Zerr I, Poser S, Kretzschmar HA, Ladogana A, Rietvald I, Mitrova E, Martinez-Martin P, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Glatzel M, Aguzzi A, Cooper S, Mackenzie J, van Duijn CM, Will RG. Predictors of survival in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 127:2348-59. [PMID: 15361416 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A collaborative study of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been carried out from 1993 to 2000 and includes data from 10 national registries, the majority in Western Europe. In this study, we present analyses of predictors of survival in sporadic (n = 2304), iatrogenic (n = 106) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n = 86) and in cases associated with mutations of the prion protein gene (n = 278), including Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (n = 24) and fatal familial insomnia (n = 41). Overall survival for each disease type was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariate analyses by the Cox proportional hazards model. In sporadic disease, longer survival was correlated with younger age at onset of illness, female gender, codon 129 heterozygosity, presence of CSF 14-3-3 protein and type 2a prion protein type. The ability to predict survival based on patient covariates is important for diagnosis and counselling, and the characterization of the survival distributions, in the absence of therapy, will be an important starting point for the assessment of potential therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pocchiari
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Rome, Italy
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Croes EA, Theuns J, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Dermaut B, Sleegers K, Roks G, Van den Broeck M, van Harten B, van Swieten JC, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, van Duijn CM. Octapeptide repeat insertions in the prion protein gene and early onset dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1166-70. [PMID: 15258222 PMCID: PMC1739180 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most common familial early onset dementia mutations are found in the genes involved in Alzheimer's disease; the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and 2) genes; the prion protein gene (PRNP) may be involved. METHODS Following identification of a two-octapeptide repeat insertion in PRNP, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relation of number of PRNP octapeptide repeats with age at disease onset and duration of illness; identifying 55 patients with PRNP octapeptide repeat insertions. We used a linear mixed effects model to assess the relation of number of repeats with age at disease onset, and studied the effect of the number of inserted octapeptide repeats on disease duration with a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS We found an increasing number of repeats associated with younger age at onset (p < 0.001). Duration of the disease decreased significantly with the length of the octapeptide repeat (p < 0.001) when adjusting for age at onset. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show significant inverse associations of the length of the PRNP octapeptide repeat with age at disease onset and disease duration in the spongiform encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Croes
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Croes EA. Review: Principles of neuroepidemiology. Eur J Public Health 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/13.4.368-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ward HJT, Everington D, Croes EA, Alperovitch A, Delasnerie-Lauprêtre N, Zerr I, Poser S, van Duijn CM. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and surgery: a case-control study using community controls. Neurology 2002; 59:543-8. [PMID: 12196646 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is unknown. Previous studies found a link with a history of surgery but had methodologic problems. OBJECTIVE To help elucidate medical and associated risk factors for sporadic CJD as part of the 1993 to 1995 European Union collaborative studies of CJD. METHODS Medical and associated risk factors from 326 patients with sporadic CJD, taken from population-based studies performed between 1993 and 1995 in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, were compared with 326 community controls recruited by telephone in 2000. RESULTS A history of surgery was significantly associated with the risk of sporadic CJD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.6), which was not dependent on the number of surgical procedures, and was stronger in females (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.0). Gynecologic (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3) and "other" operations (any operation other than neurologic, eye, ear, gallbladder, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic operations, tonsillectomy, and appendectomy) (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.1) were associated with risk of CJD. Tonsillectomy (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.5) and appendectomy (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.8) were observed less frequently in cases. An increased risk was also found with a history of ear piercing in females (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.5) and psychiatric visit(s) (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.3). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that cases of sporadic CJD may result from hitherto unrecognized surgical contamination events. However, because of the limits of the study design, the rarity of the disease, and the potential for bias, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J T Ward
- National CJD Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
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Abstract
A 47 year old man is described who developed pathology proven Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 38 years after receiving a low dose of human derived growth hormone (hGH) as part of a diagnostic procedure. The patient presented with a cerebellar syndrome, which is compatible with iatrogenic CJD. This is the longest incubation period described so far for iatrogenic CJD. Furthermore, this is the first report of CJD after diagnostic use of hGH. Since the patient was one of the first in the world to receive hGH, other cases of iatrogenic CJD can be expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Croes
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Croes EA, van Gool WA, Jansen GH, van Duijn CM. [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: diagnosis, incidence, prevention and treatment]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:750-4. [PMID: 11998351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the spongiform encephalopathies. A variant form (vCJD) is most likely the result of infection with the agent that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Diagnostic information can be obtained by EEG, testing cerebrospinal fluid for the presence of the 14-3-3 protein, MRI, brain biopsy, tonsil biopsy, and postmortem brain examination. Some tests, such as MRI and postmortem brain examination, can be used to distinguish between CJD and vCJD. Pathological prions in a tonsil biopsy are only found with vCJD. In the Netherlands, there are four known cases of iatrogenic CJD. On the basis of certain exposure to BSE via the food chain, cases of vCJD are also to be expected. Chloropromazine and mepacrine are known to inhibit the formation of pathological prion conformations, but clinical trials have not yet been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Croes
- Afd. Epidemiologie en Biostatistiek, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam
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Croes EA, van der Cammen TJM, Sleegers K, van Duijn CM. [From gene to disease; presenilins and Alzheimer disease]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:494-5; author reply 495. [PMID: 11913118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Van Everbroeck B, Croes EA, Pals P, Dermaut B, Jansen G, van Duijn CM, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Martin JJ, Cras P. Influence of the prion protein and the apolipoprotein E genotype on the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease phenotype. Neurosci Lett 2001; 313:69-72. [PMID: 11684342 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the risk associated with the codon 129 polymorphism in the prion protein gene (PRNP) and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) isoforms for development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) (n=126) and the possible influences on the disease pathology and its most important clinical characteristics. The PRNP M129V (PRNP129) polymorphism was determined using both DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded brain tissue (n=59) and leukocyte extracted DNA (n=67). In the latter group also the PRNP open reading frame and the APOE genotype were analysed and compared to a neurologically unaffected, age and sex matched control group (n=79). We found that methionine homozygosity of the PRNP129 increases the risk for developing CJD. PRNP129 also influenced the prion accumulation patterns in brain. The APOE 4 allele was an independent risk factor for developing CJD. We further observed a significant dose dependent APOE 4 effect on the number and type of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain of CJD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Van Everbroeck
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Croes EA, Jansen GH, Lemstra AW, Frijns CJ, van Gool WA, van Duijn CM. The first two patients with dura mater associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the Netherlands. J Neurol 2001; 248:877-80. [PMID: 11697525 DOI: 10.1007/s004150170073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can be transmitted through human growth hormone or gonadotrophin administration, dura mater or cornea transplantation, depth EEG monitoring and the use of contaminated neurosurgical instruments. We describe the first two dura mater associated CJD cases in the Netherlands. Ten and fourteen years before the onset of symptoms both patients received a Lyodura implantation. Findings are discussed in light of the growing epidemic of CJD among dura mater recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Croes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Beck JA, Mead S, Campbell TA, Dickinson A, Wientjens DP, Croes EA, Van Duijn CM, Collinge J. Two-octapeptide repeat deletion of prion protein associated with rapidly progressive dementia. Neurology 2001; 57:354-6. [PMID: 11468331 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.2.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertions of integral numbers of an octapeptide repeat in the prion protein gene are pathogenic mutations associated with inherited prion diseases. Conversely, deletions of a single octapeptide repeat are found as normal polymorphisms in many populations and do not predispose individuals to prion disease. The authors report a two-octapeptide repeat deletion in an elderly woman with a rapidly progressive dementia consistent with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This mutation was absent from more than 3,000 individuals and may be causally related to prion disease and represent a novel disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Beck
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, UK
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Croes EA, Dermaut B, van Der Cammen TJ, van Broeckhoven C, van Duijn CM. Genetic testing should not be advocated as a diagnostic tool in familial forms of dementia. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1033-5. [PMID: 10986048 PMCID: PMC1287876 DOI: 10.1086/303074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Croes EA, van Gulik TM, Bosma A, de Wit LT, Gouma DJ. [Treatment of 8 patients with an acute hemorrhage in a hepatocellular adenoma at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998; 142:2463-8. [PMID: 10028327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the early management and treatment of patients with an acute haemorrhage in a hepatocellular adenoma. DESIGN Descriptive. SETTING Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD In the period 1989-1996, eight women with an acute haemorrhage in a hepatocellular adenoma were treated in the AMC. Four had an intrahepatic bleeding which initially was treated conservatively. The other four patients arrived with a haemoperitoneum for which laparotomy was immediately performed: in three, the haemorrhage was stopped by gauze tamponade and in one, the tumour was removed by bisegmental resection. In all seven initially not subjected to resection, the tumour was removed later by partial hepatectomy. RESULTS The condition stabilized in all patients after initial conservative treatment or after laparotomy and gauze tamponade. The tamponade gauzes were removed after 48 hours. The definite treatment, after 2-4 months, consisted of right-sided hemihepatectomy (four patients), left-sided hemihepatectomy and (bi)segmental resection (three). Three patients showed postoperative complications: infected haematoma, bile leakage and a non-infected subphrenic haematoma. In half the patients, the pathological diagnosis was not certain owing to the effects of the recent bleeding. In one patient, a highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma could not be excluded. CONCLUSION Patients with a haemorrhage in a hepatocellular adenoma without signs of rupture should be treated conservatively. An effective and safe first treatment of an unstable patient with haemoperitoneum is laparotomy and staunching of the bleeding by gauze tamponade. This management is feasible in every general hospital, following which the patient may be referred to a specialized centre for further diagnosis and treatment. It is advisable to remove the tumour surgically after about three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Croes
- Afd. Heelkunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam
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