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Goppold A, Conradie L, Almeida OGGD, De Martinis ECP, Oguntoyinbo FA. Profiling the Bacterial Community of Fermenting Traminette Grapes during Wine Production using Metagenomic Amplicon Sequencing. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 38108377 DOI: 10.3791/65598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technology and the relatively easy access to the use of bioinformatics tools to profile microbial community structures have facilitated a better understanding of both culturable and non-culturable microbes in grapes and wine. During industrial fermentation, microbes, known and unknown, are often responsible for product development and off-flavor. Therefore, profiling the bacteria from grape to wine can enable an easy understanding of in situ microbial dynamics. In this study, the bacteria of Traminette grapes must undergoing fermentation, and the final wine were subjected to DNA extraction that yielded 15 ng/µL to 87 ng/µL. The 16S amplicon of the hypervariable region of the V4 region was sequenced, relatively abundant bacteria consisting of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota and followed by the Verrucomicrobiota, Halobacterota, Desulfobacterota, Myxococcota, and Acidobacteriota. A Venn diagram analysis of the shared unique operational taxonomic units (OTU) revealed that 15 bacteria phyla were common to both grape must, fermenting stage, and final wine. Phyla that were not previously reported were detected using the 16S amplicon sequencing, as well as genera such as Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae. Variation in the organic nutrient use in wine and its impact on bacteria was tested; Traminette R tank containing Fermaid O and Traminette L stimulated with Stimula Sauvignon blanc + Fermaid O. Alpha diversity using the Kruskal-Wallis test determined the degree of evenness. The beta diversity indicated a shift in the bacteria at the fermentation stage for the two treatments, and the final wine bacteria looked similar. The study confirmed that 16S amplicon sequencing can be used to monitor bacteria changes during wine production to support quality and better utilization of grape bacteria during wine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Goppold
- A.R. Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University
| | - Louis Conradie
- A.R. Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University
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Niño-Arias FC, Alves VF, Pereira MG, De Martinis ECP. Gene expression and cell culture assays reveal cheese isolate Lactococcus lactis MC5 may influence the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2027-2034. [PMID: 37171534 PMCID: PMC10484841 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) can thrive in a wide variety of hosts and environments, causing clinical infections and foodborne intoxications. In Brazil, SA is commonly isolated from traditional soft cheeses, especially those prepared from unpasteurized milk. In this research, the isolate S. aureus SABRC1 was evaluated for virulence traits under different conditions, including co-inoculation with Lactococcus lactis MC5 (isolated from "Fresh Minas Cheese"), which produces antibacterial peptides. Results from experiments with Caco-2 culture indicated S. aureus SABRC1 was able to adhere (42.83 ± 1.79%) and to invade (48.57 ± 0.41%) the intestinal cells. On the other hand, L. lactis MC5 presented anti-staphylococcal activity as indicated by agar assays, and it was also able to antagonize intestinal cell invasion by S. aureus. Moreover, Reverse Transcriptase-PCR experiments showed virulence genes of S. aureus SABRC1 (hla, icaA and sea) were differentially expressed under diverse culture conditions, which included Brain Heart Infusion modified or not by the addition of glucose, sodium chloride, milk or cheese. This suggests the virulence of S. aureus SABRC1 is influenced by compounds commonly found in daily diets, and not only by its genetic repertoire, adding a novel level of complexity for controlling infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Camilo Niño-Arias
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Virgínia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240 Esquina Com a 5ª Avenida, S/N, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia/GO, CEP: 74605-170, Brazil.
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
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Zagui GS, Almeida OGGD, Moreira NC, Abichabki N, Machado GP, De Martinis ECP, Darini ALC, Andrade LN, Segura-Muñoz SI. A set of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and virulence factors in GES-16-producing Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae from hospital wastewater revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120645. [PMID: 36375580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae has emerged as a human pathogen and sporadic isolates from non-clinical sources were reported. Here, we described the phenotypic- and genomic-characteristics of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) and potentially hypervirulent (MDR-hv) Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae (KqA1) isolated from hospital wastewater. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of KqA1 was investigated using disk-diffusion method, broth microdilution method, and agar dilution method, and the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetics elements, and virulence were evaluated by genomic DNA sequencing on the Illumina® NovaSeq6000 platform as well as by bioinformatic analysis. Resistome analyses revealed the presence of genes related to resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and fosfomycin. New genetic contexts to blaGES-16 (carbapenemase gene) and to fosA (fosfomycin resistance gene) were described. A set of mechanisms that can contribute to antibiotic resistance, commonly detected in Klebsiella spp., was also found including chromosomal mutations, efflux systems, proteins, and regulators. Moreover, KqA1 presented genes related to tolerance to metals (arsenic, copper, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, tellurium, selenium) and to biocides (quaternary-ammonium compounds). The isolate was classified as potentially hypervirulent due to a wide range of virulence factors found associated to regulation, motility, biofilm, effector delivery systems, immune modulation, nutritional/metabolic factors, adherence, invasion, and competitive advantage. The occurrence of MDR-hv KqA1 in hospital wastewater points out how this environment matrix plays a crucial role in the maintenance and selection of critical bacterial pathogens. Regarding One Health perspective, it is evident the need for multidisciplinary implementation of control measures for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, not only in hospital settings but also in a general environmental context to mitigate the dissemination of MDR and hv bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathália Abichabki
- School of Pharmaceuticals Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Almeida OGG, Pereira MG, Oxaran V, De Martinis ECP, Alves VF. In silico metatranscriptomic approach for tracking biofilm-related effectors in dairies and its importance for improving food safety. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928480. [PMID: 36147852 PMCID: PMC9487997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile microorganisms are usually recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatments, and it is possible that finding biofilm-related effectors in metatranscriptomics datasets helps to understand mechanisms for bacterial persistence in diverse environments, by revealing protein-encoding genes that are expressed in situ. For this research, selected dairy-associated metatranscriptomics bioprojects were downloaded from the public databases JGI GOLD and NCBI (eight milk and 45 cheese samples), to screen for sequences encoding biofilm-related effectors. Based on the literature, the selected genetic determinants were related to adhesins, BAP, flagellum-related, intraspecific QS (AHL, HK, and RR), interspecific QS (LuxS), and QQ (AHL-acylases, AHL-lactonases). To search for the mRNA sequences encoding for those effector proteins, a custom database was built from UniprotKB, yielding 1,154,446 de-replicated sequences that were indexed in DIAMOND for alignment. The results revealed that in all the dairy-associated metatranscriptomic datasets obtained, there were reads assigned to genes involved with flagella, adhesion, and QS/QQ, but BAP-reads were found only for milk. Significant Pearson correlations (p < 0.05) were observed for transcripts encoding for flagella, RR, histidine kinases, adhesins, and LuxS, although no other significant correlations were found. In conclusion, the rationale used in this study was useful to demonstrate the presence of biofilm-associated effectors in metatranscriptomics datasets, pointing out to possible regulatory mechanisms in action in dairy-related biofilms, which could be targeted in the future to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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de Almeida OGG, De Martinis ECP. Multitargeted Analyses are Instrumental for Microbial Ecology Studies. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 37590550 DOI: 10.3791/64789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo;
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Ribeiro LLSM, Araújo GP, de Oliveira Ribeiro K, Torres IMS, De Martinis ECP, Marreto RN, Alves VF. Use of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria as bioprotective cultures in fresh Brazilian cheese. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2247-2256. [PMID: 34363592 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest for biopreservation of food products, and encapsulation may be a good strategy to extend the viability of protective cultures. In this study, Lactobacillus paraplantarum FT-259 and Lactococcus lactis QMF 11 were separately encapsulated in casein/pectin (C/P) microparticles, which were tested for antilisterial and anti-staphylococcal activity in fresh Minas cheese (FMC) stored at 8 °C. The encapsulation efficiency for both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was 82.5%, with viability over 6.2 log CFU/g after storage of C/P microparticles for 90 days under refrigeration. Interestingly, free Lb. paraplantarum and free Lc. lactis grew significantly in refrigerated FMC, both in the presence and absence of pathogens, but only the first significatively grew when encapsulated. Encapsulation increased the antilisterial activity of Lb. paraplantarum in FMC. Moreover, Lc. lactis significantly inhibited listerial growth in FMC in both its free and encapsulated forms, whereas Staphylococcus aureus counts were only significantly reduced in the presence of free Lc. lactis. In conclusion, these results indicate that C/P microparticles are effective carriers of LAB in FMC, which can contribute for the assurance of the safety of this product.
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da Silva DAL, de Melo Tavares R, Camargo AC, Yamatogi RS, De Martinis ECP, Nero LA. Biofilm growth by Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel and expression of biofilm-related genes under stressing conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:119. [PMID: 34131813 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the differences in adhesion and growth during biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes from different sources and clonal complexes. Biofilm by L. monocytogenes (isolates CLIST 441 and 7: both lineage I, serotype 1/2b, CC3; isolates 19 and 508: both lineage II, serotype 1/2c, CC9) was grown on stainless steel coupons under different stressing conditions (NaCl, curing salts and quaternary ammonium compounds-QAC), to determine the expression of different genes involved in biofilm formation and stress response. CLIST 441, which carries a premature stop codon (PMSC) in agrC, formed high-density biofilms in the presence of QAC (7.5% w/v) or curing salts (10% w/v). Reverse Transcriptase-qPCR results revealed that L. monocytogenes isolates presented differences in transcriptional profile of genes related to biofilm formation and adaptation to environmental conditions. Our results demonstrated how L. monocytogenes can survive, multiply and form biofilm under adverse conditions related to food processing environments. Differences in transcriptional expression were observed, highlighting the role of regulatory gene networks for particular serotypes under different stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Augusto Lopes da Silva
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Melo Tavares
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Camargo
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Cafés/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Almeida OGGD, Furlan JPR, Stehling EG, De Martinis ECP. Comparative phylo-pangenomics reveals generalist lifestyles in representative Acinetobacter species and proposes candidate gene markers for species identification. Gene 2021; 791:145707. [PMID: 33979679 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter species have the potential to invade and colonize immunocompromised patients, therefore being well-known as opportunistic pathogens. Among these bacteria, the species of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii "complex" (Acb members) emerge as the main often isolated bacteria in clinical specimens. The unequivocal taxonomy is crucial to correctly identify these species and associated with comparative genomic analyses aids to understand their life-styles as well. In this study, all publicly available Acinetobacter species at the date of this study preparation were analyzed. The results revealed that the Acb members are in fact a complex when phenotypic methods are confronted, while for comparative and phylogenomics analyses this term is misleading, since they composed a monophyletic group instead. Nine best gene markers (response regulator, recJ, recG, phosphomannomutase, pepSY, monovalent cation/H + antiporter subunit D, mnmE, glnE, and bamA) were selected for identification of Acinetobacter species. Moreover, representative strains of each species were split according their isolation sources in the categories: environmental, human, insect and non-human vertebrate. Neither niche-specific genome signature nor niche-associated functional and pathogenic potential were associated with their isolation source, meaning it is not the main force acting on Acinetobacter adaptation in a given niche and corroborating that their ubiquitous distribution is a reflex of their generalist life-styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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de Almeida OGG, Vitulo N, De Martinis ECP, Felis GE. Pangenome analyses of LuxS-coding genes and enzymatic repertoires in cocoa-related lactic acid bacteria. Genomics 2021; 113:1659-1670. [PMID: 33839269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillaceae presents potential for interspecific Quorum Sensing (QS) in spontaneous cocoa fermentation, correlated with high abundance of luxS. Three Brazilian isolates from cocoa fermentation were characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing and luxS gene was surveyed in their genomes, in comparison with public databases. They were classified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici. LuxS genes were conserved in core genomes of the novel isolates, but in some non-cocoa related Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) it was accessory and plasmid-borne. The conservation and horizontal acquisition of luxS reinforces that QS is determinant for bacterial adaptation in several environments, especially taking into account the luxS has been correlated with modulation of bacteriocin production, stress tolerance and biofilm formation. Therefore, in this paper, new clade and species-specific primers were designed for future application for screening of luxS gene in LAB to evaluate the adaptive potential to diverse food fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna E Felis
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy
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Medeiros M, Castro VHLD, Mota ALADA, Pereira MG, De Martinis ECP, Perecmanis S, Santana AP. Assessment of Internalin A Gene Sequences and Cell Adhesion and Invasion Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Foods of Animal and Related Origins. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:243-252. [PMID: 33337940 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of global relevance that causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of listeriosis, acquired through the consumption of contaminated products, including milk or meat products and ready-to-eat meat products subjected to intensive handling. The objective of the present study was to classify L. monocytogenes isolated from various food-related sources in the Federal District of Brazil and surrounding areas to sequence internalin A (inlA) genes from these isolates and assess their adhesion and invasion capacity using Caco-2 cells. In addition, 15 were classified as group I, 3 as group II, and 7 classified as group IV. Premature stop codons (PMSCs) at the nucleotide position 976 (GAA→TAA) of the inlA gene were identified in 5 of the 25 isolates. Adhesion and invasion tests in Caco-2 cells showed that all the isolates were capable of adhesion and cellular invasion, with isolates containing PMSCs exhibiting on average higher invasion capacity than those without PMSCs (p = 0.041) and a median of adhesion very distinctive from those without stop codons. These results are the first report of PMSCs in the inlA gene of L. monocytogenes from the Federal District of Brazil and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareti Medeiros
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Hipolito Lemos de Castro
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Perecmanis
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Angela Patricia Santana
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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de Almeida OGG, Capizzani CPDC, Tonani L, Grizante Barião PH, da Cunha AF, De Martinis ECP, Torres LAGMM, von Zeska Kress MR. The Lung Microbiome of Three Young Brazilian Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Colonized by Fungi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:598938. [PMID: 33262957 PMCID: PMC7686462 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.598938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities infiltrate the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, where chronic colonization and infection lead to clinical decline. This report aims to provide an overview of the diversity of bacterial and fungal species from the airway secretion of three young CF patients with severe pulmonary disease. The bacterial and fungal microbiomes were investigated by culture isolation, metataxonomics, and metagenomics shotgun. Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were also explored. A. fumigatus was isolated from cultures and identified in high incidence from patient sputum samples. Candida albicans, Penicillium sp., Hanseniaspora sp., Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Talaromyces amestolkiae were isolated sporadically. Metataxonomics and metagenomics detected fungal reads (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A. fumigatus, and Schizophyllum sp.) in one sputum sample. The main pathogenic bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The canonical core CF microbiome is composed of species from the genera Streptococcus, Neisseria, Rothia, Prevotella, and Haemophilus. Thus, the airways of the three young CF patients presented dominant bacterial genera and interindividual variability in microbial community composition and diversity. Additionally, a wide diversity of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were identified in the CF lung microbiomes, which may be linked to the clinical condition of the CF patients. Understanding the microbial community is crucial to improve therapy because it may have the opposite effect, restructuring the pathogenic microbiota. Future studies focusing on the influence of fungi on bacterial diversity and microbial interactions in CF microbiomes will be welcome to fulfill this huge gap of fungal influence on CF physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Guilherme Gonçalves de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Paulino da Costa Capizzani
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Tonani
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Helena Grizante Barião
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira da Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Furlan JPR, de Almeida OGG, De Martinis ECP, Stehling EG. Characterization of an Environmental Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter seifertii and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Co-occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Metal Tolerance Determinants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2151. [PMID: 31620107 PMCID: PMC6759475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex is considered one of the main causes of hospital-acquired infections. Acinetobacter seifertii was recently characterized within this complex and it has been described as an emergent pathogen associated with bacteremia. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Acinetobacter sp., is considered a global public health threat and an environmental problem because MDR bacteria have been spreading from several sources. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize an environmental MDR A. seifertii isolate (SAb133) using whole genome sequencing and a comparative genomic analysis was performed with A. seifertii strains recovered from various sources. The SAb133 isolate was obtained from soil of a corn crop field and presented high MICs for antimicrobials and metals. The comparative genomic analyses revealed ANI values higher than 95% of relatedness with other A. seifertii strains than A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex. Resistome and virulome analyses were also performed and showed different antimicrobial resistance determinants and metal tolerance genes as well as virulence genes related to A. baumannii known virulence genes. In addition, genomic islands, IS elements, plasmids and prophage-related sequences were detected. Comparative genomic analysis showed that MDR A. seifertii SAb133 had a high amount of determinants related to antimicrobial resistance and tolerance to metals, besides the presence of virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a whole genome sequence of a MDR A. seifertii isolated from soil. Therefore, this study contributed to a better understanding of the genetic relationship among the few known A. seifertii strains worldwide distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Otávio Guilherme Gonçalves de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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13
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Wang S, Martins R, Sullivan MC, Friedman ES, Misic AM, El-Fahmawi A, De Martinis ECP, O'Brien K, Chen Y, Bradley C, Zhang G, Berry ASF, Hunter CA, Baldassano RN, Rondeau MP, Beiting DP. Diet-induced remission in chronic enteropathy is associated with altered microbial community structure and synthesis of secondary bile acids. Microbiome 2019; 7:126. [PMID: 31472697 PMCID: PMC6717631 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome has been implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the fact that diet is one of the most potent modulators of microbiome composition and function and that dietary intervention is the first-line therapy for treating pediatric Crohn's disease, the relationships between diet-induced remission, enteropathy, and microbiome are poorly understood. Here, we leverage a naturally-occurring canine model of chronic inflammatory enteropathy that exhibits robust remission following nutritional therapy, to perform a longitudinal study that integrates clinical monitoring, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, metabolomic profiling, and whole genome sequencing to investigate the relationship between therapeutic diet, microbiome, and disease. RESULTS We show that remission induced by a hydrolyzed protein diet is accompanied by alterations in microbial community structure marked by decreased abundance of pathobionts (e.g., Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens), reduced severity of dysbiosis, and increased levels of the secondary bile acids, lithocholic and deoxycholic acid. Physiologic levels of these bile acids inhibited the growth of E. coli and C. perfringens isolates, in vitro. Metagenomic analysis and whole genome sequencing identified the bile acid producer Clostridium hiranonis as elevated after dietary therapy and a likely source of secondary bile acids during remission. When C. hiranonis was administered to mice, levels of deoxycholic acid were preserved and pathology associated with DSS colitis was ameliorated. Finally, a closely related bile acid producer, Clostridium scindens, was associated with diet-induced remission in human pediatric Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight that remission induced by a hydrolyzed protein diet is associated with improved microbiota structure, an expansion of bile acid-producing clostridia, and increased levels of secondary bile acids. Our observations from clinical studies of exclusive enteral nutrition in human Crohn's disease, along with our in vitro inhibition assays and in vivo studies in mice, suggest that this may be a conserved response to diet therapy with the potential to ameliorate disease. These findings provide insight into diet-induced remission of gastrointestinal disease and could help guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rene Martins
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan C Sullivan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elliot S Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ana M Misic
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ayah El-Fahmawi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Kevin O'Brien
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Grace Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexander S F Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark P Rondeau
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Reis‐Teixeira FB, Sousa IP, Alves VF, Furtado NAJC, De Martinis ECP. Evaluation of lemongrass and ginger essential oils to inhibit
Listeria monocytogenes
in biofilms. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Reis‐Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP)Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ingrid Pontes Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP)Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
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15
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Oxaran V, Dittmann KK, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Fernandes de Oliveira CA, Corassin CH, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP, Gram L. Behavior of Foodborne Pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in Mixed-Species Biofilms Exposed to Biocides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02038-18. [PMID: 30291117 PMCID: PMC6275347 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature and man-made environments, microorganisms reside in mixed-species biofilms, in which the growth and metabolism of an organism are different from these behaviors in single-species biofilms. Pathogenic microorganisms may be protected against adverse treatments in mixed-species biofilms, leading to health risk for humans. Here, we developed two mixed five-species biofilms that included one or the other of the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus The five species, including the pathogen, were isolated from a single food-processing environmental sample, thus mimicking the environmental community. In mature mixed five-species biofilms on stainless steel, the two pathogens remained at a constant level of ∼105 CFU/cm2 The mixed five-species biofilms as well as the pathogens in monospecies biofilms were exposed to biocides to determine any pathogen-protective effect of the mixed biofilm. Both pathogens and their associate microbial communities were reduced by peracetic acid treatments. S. aureus decreased by 4.6 log cycles in monospecies biofilms, but the pathogen was protected in the five-species biofilm and decreased by only 1.1 log cycles. Sessile cells of L. monocytogenes were affected to the same extent when in a monobiofilm or as a member of the mixed-species biofilm, decreasing by 3 log cycles when exposed to 0.0375% peracetic acid. When the pathogen was exchanged in each associated microbial community, S. aureus was eradicated, while there was no significant effect of the biocide on L. monocytogenes or the mixed community. This indicates that particular members or associations in the community offered the protective effect. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of biocide protection and to identify the species playing the protective role in microbial communities of biofilms.IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that foodborne pathogens can be established in mixed-species biofilms and that this can protect them from biocide action. The protection is not due to specific characteristics of the pathogen, here S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, but likely caused by specific members or associations in the mixed-species biofilm. Biocide treatment and resistance are a challenge for many industries, and biocide efficacy should be tested on microorganisms growing in biofilms, preferably mixed systems, mimicking the application environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen Kiesbye Dittmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah H I Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Costa ACCC, Pereira AN, Silva ACDAE, Silva FA, Ribeiro KDO, Torres IMS, De Martinis ECP, Alves VF. Antilisterial and antistaphylococcal activity of aLactococcus lactisstrain isolated from Brazilian fresh Minas cheese. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Alves VF, Niño-Arias FC, Pitondo-Silva A, de Araújo Frazilio D, de Oliveira Gonçalves L, Chaul Toubas L, Sapateiro Torres IM, Oxaran V, Dittmann KK, De Martinis ECP. Molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from some artisanal Brazilian dairies. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Oxaran V, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Corassin CH, Barancelli GV, Alves VF, de Oliveira CAF, Gram L, De Martinis ECP. Listeria monocytogenes incidence changes and diversity in some Brazilian dairy industries and retail products. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:16-23. [PMID: 28800821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a severe foodborne disease. In Brazil, despite very few reported cases of listeriosis, the pathogen has been repeatedly isolated from dairies. This has led the government to implement specific legislation to reduce the hazard. Here, we determined the incidence of L. monocytogenes in five dairies and retail products in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil over eight months. Of 437 samples, three samples (0.7%) from retail and only one sample (0.2%) from the dairies were positive for L. monocytogenes. Thus, the contamination rate was significantly reduced as compared to previous studies. MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used to determine if contamination was caused by new or persistent clones leading to the first MLST profile of L. monocytogenes from the Brazilian dairy industry. The processing environment isolate is of concern being a sequence-type (ST) 2, belonging to the lineage I responsible for the majority of listeriosis outbreaks. Also, ST3 and ST8 found in commercialized cheese have previously been reported in outbreaks. Despite the lower incidence, dairy products still pose a potential health risk and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in dairies and retail products emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of this pathogen in the Brazilian dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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19
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Leite JA, Tulini FL, Reis-Teixeira FBD, Rabinovitch L, Chaves JQ, Rosa NG, Cabral H, De Martinis ECP. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Bacillus cereus: Preliminary characterization and application of partially purified extract containing BLIS for inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes in pineapple pulp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Tulini FL, Hymery N, Choiset Y, Chobert JM, Haertlé T, De Martinis ECP, Le Blay G. Milk fermented with the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus paracasei FT700 induces differentiation of monocytes toward macrophages in vitro. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Winkelströter LK, Teixeira FBDR, Silva EP, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP. Unraveling microbial biofilms of importance for food microbiology. Microb Ecol 2014; 68:35-46. [PMID: 24370864 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms is a relevant risk factors in the food industry due to the potential contamination of food products with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The majority of bacteria are able to adhere and to form biofilms, where they can persist and survive for days to weeks or even longer, depending on the microorganism and the environmental conditions. The biological cycle of biofilms includes several developmental phases such as: initial attachment, maturation, maintenance, and dispersal. Bacteria in biofilms are generally well protected against environmental stress, consequently, extremely difficult to eradicate and detect in food industry. In the present manuscript, some techniques and compounds used to control and to prevent the biofilm formation are presented and discussed. Moreover, a number of novel techniques have been recently employed to detect and evaluate bacteria attached to surfaces, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Better knowledge on the architecture, physiology and molecular signaling in biofilms can contribute for preventing and controlling food-related spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study highlights basic and applied concepts important for understanding the role of biofilms in bacterial survival, persistence and dissemination in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carrer Gomes
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Ratti RP, Gomes BC, Martinez RCR, Souza VM, Martinis ECPD. Elongated cells of Listeria monocytogenes in biofilms in the presence of sucrose and bacteriocin-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides A11. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612010000400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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De Martinis ECP, Duvall RE, Hitchins AD. Real-time PCR detection of 16S rRNA genes speeds most-probable-number enumeration of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2007; 70:1650-5. [PMID: 17685338 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying foodborne pathogens at concentrations of 0.1 to 1,000 CFU/g of food generally involves most-probable-number (MPN) enumeration, which takes at least 4 days. A real-time PCR assay (RTi-PCR) was developed to accelerate MPN enumeration of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes. Foods were spiked from 70 to 110 CFU/g, and triplicate subportions from 0.0001 to 1 g were selectively enriched for 48 h at 30 degrees C. For standard MPN enumeration, the enrichments were subcultured on Oxford agar (48 h at 35 degrees C) to isolate Listeria. For RTi-PCR MPN, the L. monocytogenes cells from the same enrichments were washed and resuspended in 2 ml of sterile water. DNA was extracted by boiling for 10 min. The DNA in the extract's supernatant was targeted with published oligonucleotide primers for amplifying an Lmo-specific sequence of 16S rRNA genes. Amplification was continuously monitored with SYBR Green. The resulting amplicon was characterized by its melting temperature. The L. monocytogenes specificity of the primers was confirmed by testing L. monocytogenes (15 strains), Listeria innocua (11 strains), and Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria ivanovii, and Listeria grayi (1 strain each). Quantitatively spiked milk, lettuce, smoked salmon, Brie cheese, ice cream, pork pâté, salami, ready-to-eat shrimp, raw ground beef, and fresh soft cheese were enumerated by both the standard and the PCR MPN method. The paired results from the two MPN methods agreed well, except for the fresh cheese. For some foods, l-g samples required a decimal dilution for a positive test result, suggesting concentration-dependent food ingredient interference with the RTi-PCR. This RTi-PCR method reduced the time necessary for the MPN enumeration of foodborne L. monocytogenes from 4 to 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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