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De-Kayne R, Schley R, Barth JMI, Campillo LC, Chaparro-Pedraza C, Joshi J, Salzburger W, Van Bocxlaer B, Cotoras DD, Fruciano C, Geneva AJ, Gillespie R, Heras J, Koblmüller S, Matthews B, Onstein RE, Seehausen O, Singh P, Svensson EI, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Vanhove MPM, Wogan GOU, Yamaguchi R, Yoder AD, Cerca J. Why Do Some Lineages Radiate While Others Do Not? Perspectives for Future Research on Adaptive Radiations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024:a041448. [PMID: 38692838 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that drive phenotypic diversification and underpin speciation is key to elucidating how biodiversity has evolved. Although these processes have been studied across a wide array of clades, adaptive radiations (ARs), which are systems with multiple closely related species and broad phenotypic diversity, have been particularly fruitful for teasing apart the factors that drive and constrain diversification. As such, ARs have become popular candidate study systems for determining the extent to which ecological features, including aspects of organisms and the environment, and inter- and intraspecific interactions, led to evolutionary diversification. Despite substantial past empirical and theoretical work, understanding mechanistically how ARs evolve remains a major challenge. Here, we highlight a number of understudied components of the environment and of lineages themselves, which may help further our understanding of speciation and AR. We also outline some substantial remaining challenges to achieving a detailed understanding of adaptation, speciation, and the role of ecology in these processes. These major challenges include identifying factors that have a causative impact in promoting or constraining ARs, gaining a more holistic understanding of features of organisms and their environment that interact resulting in adaptation and speciation, and understanding whether the role of these organismal and environmental features varies throughout the radiation process. We conclude by providing perspectives on how future investigations into the AR process can overcome these challenges, allowing us to glean mechanistic insights into adaptation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi De-Kayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Rowan Schley
- University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M I Barth
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luke C Campillo
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508, USA
| | - Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Jahnavi Joshi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Darko D Cotoras
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 61 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Anthony J Geneva
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA
| | - Rosemary Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Heras
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Renske E Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology Division, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology Division, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Salazar-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito EC170103, Ecuador
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Guinevere O U Wogan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - José Cerca
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Svensson EI, Schou MF, Melgar J, Waller J, Engelbrecht A, Brand Z, Cloete S, Cornwallis CK. Heritable variation in thermal profiles is associated with reproductive success in the world's largest bird. Evol Lett 2024; 8:200-211. [PMID: 38525029 PMCID: PMC10959491 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting extreme thermal environments, such as desert birds, have evolved spectacular adaptations to thermoregulate during hot and cold conditions. However, our knowledge of selection for thermoregulation and the potential for evolutionary responses is limited, particularly for large organisms experiencing extreme temperature fluctuations. Here we use thermal imaging to quantify selection and genetic variation in thermoregulation in ostriches (Struthio camelus), the world's largest bird species that is experiencing increasingly volatile temperatures. We found that females who are better at regulating their head temperatures ("thermoregulatory capacity") had higher egg-laying rates under hotter conditions. Thermoregulatory capacity was both heritable and showed signatures of local adaptation: females originating from more unpredictable climates were better at regulating their head temperatures in response to temperature fluctuations. Together these results reveal that past and present evolutionary processes have shaped genetic variation in thermoregulatory capacity, which appears to protect critical organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperatures during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads F Schou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Melgar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Waller
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anel Engelbrecht
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | - Zanell Brand
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | - Schalk Cloete
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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3
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Willink B, Ware J, Svensson EI. Tropical Origin, Global Diversification and Dispersal in the Pond Damselflies (Coenagrionoidea) Revealed by a New Molecular Phylogeny. Syst Biol 2024:syae004. [PMID: 38262741 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The processes responsible for the formation of Earth's most conspicuous diversity pattern, the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), remain unexplored for many clades in the Tree of Life. Here, we present a densely-sampled and dated molecular phylogeny for the most speciose clade of damselflies worldwide (Odonata: Coenagrionoidea), and investigate the role of time, macroevolutionary processes and biome-shift dynamics in shaping the LDG in this ancient insect superfamily. We used process-based biogeographic models to jointly infer ancestral ranges and speciation times, and to characterise within-biome dispersal and biome-shift dynamics across the cosmopolitan distribution of Coenagrionoidea. We also investigated temporal and biome-dependent variation in diversification rates. Our results uncover a tropical origin of pond damselflies and featherlegs ~ 105 Ma, while highlighting uncertainty of ancestral ranges within the tropics in deep time. Even though diversification rates have declined since the origin of this clade, global climate change and biome-shifts have slowly increased diversity in warm- and cold-temperate areas, where lineage turnover rates have been relatively higher. This study underscores the importance of biogeographic origin and time to diversify as important drivers of the LDG in pond damselflies and their relatives, while diversification dynamics have instead resulted in the formation of ephemeral species in temperate regions. Biome-shifts, although limited by tropical niche conservatism, have been the main factor reducing the steepness of the LDG in the last 30 Myr. With ongoing climate change and increasing northward range expansions of many damselfly taxa, the LDG may become less pronounced. Our results support recent calls to unify biogeographic and macroevolutionary approaches to increase our understanding of how latitudinal diversity gradients are formed and why they vary across time and among taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Willink
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106-91, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - J Ware
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, NY, 10024, USA
| | - E I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund 223-62, Sweden
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Willink B, Tunström K, Nilén S, Chikhi R, Lemane T, Takahashi M, Takahashi Y, Svensson EI, Wheat CW. The genomics and evolution of inter-sexual mimicry and female-limited polymorphisms in damselflies. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:83-97. [PMID: 37932383 PMCID: PMC10781644 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex-limited morphs can provide profound insights into the evolution and genomic architecture of complex phenotypes. Inter-sexual mimicry is one particular type of sex-limited polymorphism in which a novel morph resembles the opposite sex. While inter-sexual mimics are known in both sexes and a diverse range of animals, their evolutionary origin is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genomic basis of female-limited morphs and male mimicry in the common bluetail damselfly. Differential gene expression between morphs has been documented in damselflies, but no causal locus has been previously identified. We found that male mimicry originated in an ancestrally sexually dimorphic lineage in association with multiple structural changes, probably driven by transposable element activity. These changes resulted in ~900 kb of novel genomic content that is partly shared by male mimics in a close relative, indicating that male mimicry is a trans-species polymorphism. More recently, a third morph originated following the translocation of part of the male-mimicry sequence into a genomic position ~3.5 mb apart. We provide evidence of balancing selection maintaining male mimicry, in line with previous field population studies. Our results underscore how structural variants affecting a handful of potentially regulatory genes and morph-specific genes can give rise to novel and complex phenotypic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kalle Tunström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nilén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rayan Chikhi
- Sequence Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Téo Lemane
- University of Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Michihiko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Svensson EI. Phenotypic selection in natural populations: what have we learned in 40 years? Evolution 2023:7146186. [PMID: 37105948 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In 1983, Russell Lande and Stevan Arnold published "The measurement of selection on correlated characters" which became a highly influential citation classic in evolutionary biology. This paper stimulated a cottage industry of field studies of natural and sexual selection in nature and resulted in several large-scale meta-analyses, statistical developments and method papers. The statistical tools they suggested contributed to a breakdown of the traditional dichotomy between ecological and evolutionary time scales and stimulated later developments such as "eco-evolutionary dynamics". However, regression-based selection analyses also became criticized from philosophical, methodological and statistical viewpoints and stimulated some still ongoing debates about causality in evolutionary biology. Here I return to this landmark paper by Lande and Arnold, analyse the controversies and debates it gave rise to and discuss the past, present and future of selection analyses in natural populations. A remaining legacy of Lande and Arnold (1983) are that studies of selection and inheritance can fruitfully be decoupled and be studied separately, since selection acts on phenotypes regardless of their genetic basis, and hence selection and evolutionary responses to selection are distinct processes.
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6
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Svensson EI. Why high-condition males might be bad news for females and populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301989120. [PMID: 36913584 PMCID: PMC10041060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301989120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, LundSE-223 62, Sweden
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7
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Schou MF, Engelbrecht A, Brand Z, Svensson EI, Cloete S, Cornwallis CK. Evolutionary trade-offs between heat and cold tolerance limit responses to fluctuating climates. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn9580. [PMID: 35622916 PMCID: PMC9140960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary potential of species to cope with short-term temperature fluctuations during reproduction is critical to predicting responses to future climate change. Despite this, vertebrate research has focused on reproduction under high or low temperatures in relatively stable temperate climates. Here, we characterize the genetic basis of reproductive thermal tolerance to temperature fluctuations in the ostrich, which lives in variable environments in tropical and subtropical Africa. Both heat and cold tolerance were under selection and heritable, indicating the potential for evolutionary responses to mean temperature change. However, we found evidence for a negative, genetic correlation between heat and cold tolerance that should limit the potential for adaptation to fluctuating temperatures. Genetic constraints between heat and cold tolerance appear a crucial, yet underappreciated, factor influencing responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads F. Schou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anel Engelbrecht
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | - Zanell Brand
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | | | - Schalk Cloete
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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De Lisle SP, Mäenpää MI, Svensson EI. Phenotypic plasticity is aligned with phenological adaptation on both micro- and macroevolutionary timescales. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:790-801. [PMID: 35026042 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In seasonally variable environments, phenotypic plasticity in phenology may be critical for adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. Using an 18-generation longitudinal dataset from natural damselfly populations, we show that phenology has strongly advanced. Individual fitness data suggest this is likely an adaptive response towards a temperature-dependent optimum. A laboratory experiment revealed that developmental plasticity qualitatively matches the temperature dependence of selection, partially explaining observed advance in phenology. Expanding our analysis to the macroevolutionary level, we use a database of over 1-million occurrence records and spatiotemporally matched temperature data from 49 Swedish Odonate species to infer macroevolutionary dynamics of phenology. Phenological plasticity was more closely aligned with adaptation for species that have recently colonised northern latitudes, but with higher phenological mismatch at lower latitudes. Our results show that phenological plasticity plays a key role in microevolutionary dynamics within a single species, and such plasticity may have facilitated post-Pleistocene range expansion in this insect clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P De Lisle
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Svensson EI, Blaimont P, Calsbeek R, Lancaster LT, McAdam A, Mills SC. In Memoriam: Barry Sinervo 1961-2021. Evolution 2021. [PMID: 34881444 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, 08648
| | - Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Andrew McAdam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence, CORAIL, 58 avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 668 60, France
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Gómez-Llano M, Scott E, Svensson EI. The importance of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection promoting adaptation to increasing temperatures. Curr Zool 2021; 67:321-327. [PMID: 34616924 PMCID: PMC8488992 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global temperatures are increasing rapidly affecting species globally. Understanding if and how different species can adapt fast enough to keep up with increasing temperatures is of vital importance. One mechanism that can accelerate adaptation and promote evolutionary rescue is sexual selection. Two different mechanisms by which sexual selection can facilitate adaptation are pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. However, the relative effects of these different forms of sexual selection in promoting adaptation are unknown. Here, we present the results from an experimental study in which we exposed fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster to either no mate choice or 1 of 2 different sexual selection regimes (pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection) for 6 generations, under different thermal regimes. Populations showed evidence of thermal adaptation under precopulatory sexual selection, but this effect was not detected in the postcopulatory sexual selection and the no choice mating regime. We further demonstrate that sexual dimorphism decreased when flies evolved under increasing temperatures, consistent with recent theory predicting more sexually concordant selection under environmental stress. Our results suggest an important role for precopulatory sexual selection in promoting thermal adaptation and evolutionary rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Llano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Eve Scott
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester. Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Biology Department, Lund University, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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11
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Deng J, Assandri G, Chauhan P, Futahashi R, Galimberti A, Hansson B, Lancaster LT, Takahashi Y, Svensson EI, Duplouy A. Wolbachia-driven selective sweep in a range expanding insect species. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:181. [PMID: 34563127 PMCID: PMC8466699 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evolutionary processes can cause strong spatial genetic signatures, such as local loss of genetic diversity, or conflicting histories from mitochondrial versus nuclear markers. Investigating these genetic patterns is important, as they may reveal obscured processes and players. The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia is among the most widespread symbionts in insects. Wolbachia typically spreads within host species by conferring direct fitness benefits, and/or by manipulating its host reproduction to favour infected over uninfected females. Under sufficient selective advantage, the mitochondrial haplotype associated with the favoured maternally-inherited symbiotic strains will spread (i.e. hitchhike), resulting in low mitochondrial genetic variation across the host species range. Method The common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans: van der Linden, 1820) has recently emerged as a model organism for genetics and genomic signatures of range expansion during climate change. Although there is accumulating data on the consequences of such expansion on the genetics of I. elegans, no study has screened for Wolbachia in the damselfly genus Ischnura. Here, we present the biogeographic variation in Wolbachia prevalence and penetrance across Europe and Japan (including samples from 17 populations), and from close relatives in the Mediterranean area (i.e. I. genei: Rambur, 1842; and I. saharensis: Aguesse, 1958). Results Our data reveal (a) multiple Wolbachia-strains, (b) potential transfer of the symbiont through hybridization, (c) higher infection rates at higher latitudes, and (d) reduced mitochondrial diversity in the north-west populations, indicative of hitchhiking associated with the selective sweep of the most common strain. We found low mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the Wolbachia-infected north-western European populations (Sweden, Scotland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Italy) of I. elegans, and, conversely, higher mitochondrial diversity in populations with low penetrance of Wolbachia (Ukraine, Greece, Montenegro and Cyprus). The timing of the selective sweep associated with infected lineages was estimated between 20,000 and 44,000 years before present, which is consistent with the end of the last glacial period about 20,000 years. Conclusions Our findings provide an example of how endosymbiont infections can shape spatial variation in their host evolutionary genetics during postglacial expansion. These results also challenge population genetic studies that do not consider the prevalence of symbionts in many insects, which we show can impact geographic patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Deng
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Pallavi Chauhan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Trukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden. .,Insect Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution Lab, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Lürig MD, Donoughe S, Svensson EI, Porto A, Tsuboi M. Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and the Promise of Phenomics in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.642774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have used images such as drawings, paintings and photographs to record and quantify the shapes and patterns of life. With the advent of digital imaging, biologists continue to collect image data at an ever-increasing rate. This immense body of data provides insight into a wide range of biological phenomena, including phenotypic diversity, population dynamics, mechanisms of divergence and adaptation, and evolutionary change. However, the rate of image acquisition frequently outpaces our capacity to manually extract meaningful information from images. Moreover, manual image analysis is low-throughput, difficult to reproduce, and typically measures only a few traits at a time. This has proven to be an impediment to the growing field of phenomics – the study of many phenotypic dimensions together. Computer vision (CV), the automated extraction and processing of information from digital images, provides the opportunity to alleviate this longstanding analytical bottleneck. In this review, we illustrate the capabilities of CV as an efficient and comprehensive method to collect phenomic data in ecological and evolutionary research. First, we briefly review phenomics, arguing that ecologists and evolutionary biologists can effectively capture phenomic-level data by taking pictures and analyzing them using CV. Next we describe the primary types of image-based data, review CV approaches for extracting them (including techniques that entail machine learning and others that do not), and identify the most common hurdles and pitfalls. Finally, we highlight recent successful implementations and promising future applications of CV in the study of phenotypes. In anticipation that CV will become a basic component of the biologist’s toolkit, our review is intended as an entry point for ecologists and evolutionary biologists that are interested in extracting phenotypic information from digital images.
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Dudaniec RY, Carey AR, Svensson EI, Hansson B, Yong CJ, Lancaster LT. Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1104-1118. [PMID: 33759189 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. We sampled 65 sites along a 583-km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (a) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (b) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (c) male-biased genetic migration propensity and (d) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south to favouring smaller males in the north. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Y Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander R Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Saving our Species Program, New South Wales Government, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chuan Ji Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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14
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Ruzicka F, Dutoit L, Czuppon P, Jordan CY, Li X, Olito C, Runemark A, Svensson EI, Yazdi HP, Connallon T. The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics. Evol Lett 2020; 4:398-415. [PMID: 33014417 PMCID: PMC7523564 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation-in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other-is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research-including F ST and F IS statistics, genome-wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve-and-resequence experiments-to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome-wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between-sex F ST and F IS, including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex-specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of F ST and F IS, along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ruzicka
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Peter Czuppon
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRASorbonne UniversitéParis75252France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, CNRS, Collège de FrancePSL Research UniversityParis75231France
| | - Crispin Y. Jordan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH8 9XDUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiang‐Yi Li
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchatelCH‐2000Switzerland
| | - Colin Olito
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSE‐22362Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSE‐22362Sweden
| | | | | | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia
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15
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Gómez-Llano M, Narasimhan A, Svensson EI. Male-Male Competition Causes Parasite-Mediated Sexual Selection for Local Adaptation. Am Nat 2020; 196:344-354. [DOI: 10.1086/710039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Willink B, Duryea MC, Wheat C, Svensson EI. Changes in gene expression during female reproductive development in a color polymorphic insect. Evolution 2020; 74:1063-1081. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology BuildingLund University Lund 223–62 Sweden
- Current Address: School of BiologyUniversity of Costa Rica San José 11501–2060 Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Erik I. Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology BuildingLund University Lund 223–62 Sweden
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17
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Iversen LL, Svensson EI, Christensen ST, Bergsten J, Sand-Jensen K. Sexual conflict and intrasexual polymorphism promote assortative mating and halt population differentiation. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190251. [PMID: 30890096 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual conflict is thought to be an important evolutionary force in driving phenotypic diversification, population divergence, and speciation. However, empirical evidence is inconsistent with the generality that sexual conflict enhances population divergence. Here, we demonstrate an alternative evolutionary outcome in which sexual conflict plays a conservative role in maintaining male and female polymorphisms locally, rather than promoting population divergence. In diving beetles, female polymorphisms have evolved in response to male mating harassment and sexual conflict. We present the first empirical evidence that this female polymorphism is associated with (i) two distinct and sympatric male morphological mating clusters (morphs) and (ii) assortative mating between male and female morphs. Changes in mating traits in one sex led to a predictable change in the other sex which leads to predictable within-population evolutionary dynamics in male and female morph frequencies. Our results reveal that sexual conflict can lead to assortative mating between male offence and female defence traits, if a stable male and female mating polymorphisms are maintained. Stable male and female mating polymorphisms are an alternative outcome to an accelerating coevolutionary arms race driven by sexual conflict. Such stable polymorphisms challenge the common view of sexual conflict as an engine of rapid speciation via exaggerated coevolution between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lønsmann Iversen
- 1 Department of Biology, Freshwater Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark.,2 Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ , USA
| | - Erik I Svensson
- 3 Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University , Lund 223 62 , Sweden
| | | | - Johannes Bergsten
- 4 Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kaj Sand-Jensen
- 1 Department of Biology, Freshwater Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Waller JT, Willink B, Tschol M, Svensson EI. The odonate phenotypic database, a new open data resource for comparative studies of an old insect order. Sci Data 2019; 6:316. [PMID: 31831730 PMCID: PMC6908694 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present The Odonate Phenotypic Database (OPD): an online data resource of dragonfly and damselfly phenotypes (Insecta: Odonata). Odonata is a relatively small insect order that currently consists of about 6400 species belonging to 32 families. The database consists of multiple morphological, life-history and behavioral traits, and biogeographical information collected from literature sources. We see taxon-specific phenotypic databases from Odonata and other organismal groups as becoming an increasing valuable resource in comparative studies. Our database has phenotypic records for 1011 of all 6400 known odonate species. The database is accessible at http://www.odonatephenotypicdatabase.org/, and a static version with an information file about the variables in the database is archived at Dryad.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Waller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), GBIF Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Willink
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Maximilian Tschol
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Svensson EI, Willink B, Duryea MC, Lancaster LT. Temperature drives pre‐reproductive selection and shapes the biogeography of a female polymorphism. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:149-159. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Willink B, Duryea MC, Svensson EI. Macroevolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of a Polymorphic Female Signal Involved in Sexual Conflict. Am Nat 2019; 194:707-724. [DOI: 10.1086/705294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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De Lisle SP, Goedert D, Reedy AM, Svensson EI. Climatic factors and species range position predict sexually antagonistic selection across taxa. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0415. [PMID: 30150216 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in selection are ubiquitous in sexually reproducing organisms. When the genetic basis of traits is shared between the sexes, such sexually antagonistic selection (SAS) creates a potential constraint on adaptive evolution. Theory and laboratory experiments suggest that environmental variation and the degree of local adaptation may all affect the frequency and intensity of SAS. Here, we capitalize on a large database of over 700 spatially or temporally replicated estimates of sex-specific phenotypic selection from wild populations, combined with data on microclimates and geographical range information. We performed a meta-analysis to test three predictions from SAS theory, that selection becomes more concordant between males and females: (1) in more stressful environments, (2) in more variable environments and (3) closer to the edge of the species' range. We find partial empirical support for all three predictions. Within-study analyses indicate SAS decreases in extreme environments, as indicated by a relationship with maximum temperature, minimum precipitation and evaporative potential (PET). Across studies, we found that the average level of SAS at high latitudes was lower, where environmental conditions are typically less stable. Finally, we found evidence for reduced SAS in populations that are far from the centre of their geographical range. However, and notably, we also found some evidence of reduced average strength of selection in these populations, which is in contrast to predictions from classical theoretical models on range limit evolution. Our results suggest that environmental lability and species range position predictably influence sex-specific selection and sexual antagonism in the wild.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P De Lisle
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | - Debora Goedert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Aaron M Reedy
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 22362, Sweden
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23
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Svensson EI, Goedert D, Gómez-Llano MA, Spagopoulou F, Nava-Bolaños A, Booksmythe I. Sex differences in local adaptation: what can we learn from reciprocal transplant experiments? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0420. [PMID: 30150219 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is of fundamental interest to evolutionary biologists. Traditionally, local adaptation has been studied using reciprocal transplant experiments to quantify fitness differences between residents and immigrants in pairwise transplants between study populations. Previous studies have detected local adaptation in some cases, but others have shown lack of adaptation or even maladaptation. Recently, the importance of different fitness components, such as survival and fecundity, to local adaptation have been emphasized. Here, we address another neglected aspect in studies of local adaptation: sex differences. Given the ubiquity of sexual dimorphism in life histories and phenotypic traits, this neglect is surprising, but may be partly explained by differences in research traditions and terminology in the fields of local adaptation and sexual selection. Studies that investigate differences in mating success between resident and immigrants across populations tend to be framed in terms of reproductive and behavioural isolation, rather than local adaptation. We briefly review the published literature that bridges these areas and suggest that reciprocal transplant experiments could benefit from quantifying both male and female fitness components. Such a more integrative research approach could clarify the role of sex differences in the evolution of local adaptations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Goedert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Foteini Spagopoulou
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.,Secretaría de Educación Abierta y Continua, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isobel Booksmythe
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
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24
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Svensson EI, Connallon T. How frequency-dependent selection affects population fitness, maladaptation and evolutionary rescue. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1243-1258. [PMID: 31417612 PMCID: PMC6691226 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological problems, particularly maladaptation, biological conservation and evolutionary rescue remain underexplored. The neglect of FD selection in conservation is particularly unfortunate. Classical theory, dating back to the 1940s, demonstrated that frequency dependence can either increase or decrease population fitness. These evolutionary consequences of FD selection are relevant to modern concerns about population persistence and the capacity of evolution to alleviate extinction risks. But exactly when should we expect FD selection to increase versus decrease absolute fitness and population growth? And how much of an impact is FD selection expected to have on population persistence versus extinction in changing environments? The answers to these questions have implications for evolutionary rescue under climate change and may inform strategies for managing threatened populations. Here, we revisit the core theory of FD selection, reviewing classical single-locus models of population genetic change and outlining short- and long-run consequences of FD selection for the evolution of population fitness. We then develop a quantitative genetic model of evolutionary rescue in a deteriorating environment, with population persistence hinging upon the evolution of a quantitative trait subject to both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent natural selection. We discuss the empirical literature pertinent to this theory, which supports key assumptions of our model. We show that FD selection can promote population persistence when it aligns with the direction of frequency-independent selection imposed by abiotic environmental conditions. However, under most scenarios of environmental change, FD selection limits a population's evolutionary responsiveness to changing conditions and narrows the rate of environmental change that is evolutionarily tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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25
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Hazard LC, Nagy KA, Miles DB, Svensson EI, Costa D, Sinervo B. Integration of Genotype, Physiological Performance, and Survival in a Lizard (Uta stansburiana) with Alternative Mating Strategies. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:303-315. [DOI: 10.1086/703136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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27
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Dudaniec RY, Yong CJ, Lancaster LT, Svensson EI, Hansson B. Signatures of local adaptation along environmental gradients in a range-expanding damselfly (Ischnura elegans). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2576-2593. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Chuan Ji Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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28
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Svensson EI, Gómez-Llano MA, Torres AR, Bensch HM. Frequency Dependence and Ecological Drift Shape Coexistence of Species with Similar Niches. Am Nat 2018; 191:691-703. [PMID: 29750557 DOI: 10.1086/697201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of ecologically similar species might be counteracted by ecological drift and demographic stochasticity, both of which erode local diversity. With niche differentiation, species can be maintained through performance trade-offs between environments, but trade-offs are difficult to invoke for species with similar ecological niches. Such similar species might then go locally extinct due to stochastic ecological drift, but there is little empirical evidence for such processes. Previous studies have relied on biogeographical surveys and inferred process from pattern, while experimental field investigations of ecological drift are rare. Mechanisms preserving local species diversity, such as frequency dependence (e.g., rare-species advantages), can oppose local ecological drift, but the combined effects of ecological drift and such counteracting forces have seldom been investigated. Here, we investigate mechanisms between coexistence of ecologically similar but strongly sexually differentiated damselfly species (Calopteryx virgo and Calopteryx splendens). Combining field surveys, behavioral observations, experimental manipulations of species frequencies and densities, and simulation modeling, we demonstrate that species coexistence is shaped by the opposing forces of ecological drift and negative frequency dependence (rare-species advantage), generated by interference competition. Stochastic and deterministic processes therefore jointly shape coexistence. The role of negative frequency dependence in delaying the loss of ecologically similar species, such as those formed by sexual selection, should therefore be considered in community assembly, macroecology, macroevolution, and biogeography.
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29
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Gomez-Llano MA, Bensch HM, Svensson EI. Sexual conflict and ecology: Species composition and male density interact to reduce male mating harassment and increase female survival. Evolution 2018; 72:906-915. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gomez-Llano
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; United Kingdom
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Hanna M. Bensch
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
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30
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Siepielski AM, Morrissey MB, Buoro M, Carlson SM, Caruso CM, Clegg SM, Coulson T, DiBattista J, Gotanda KM, Francis CD, Hereford J, Kingsolver JG, Augustine KE, Kruuk LEB, Martin RA, Sheldon BC, Sletvold N, Svensson EI, Wade MJ, MacColl ADC. Response to Comment on “Precipitation drives global variation in natural selection”. Science 2018; 359:359/6374/eaan5760. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Mathieu Buoro
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christina M. Caruso
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya M. Clegg
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kiyoko M. Gotanda
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clinton D. Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Joe Hereford
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kate E. Augustine
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ben C. Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Sletvold
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Michael J. Wade
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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31
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Hendry AP, Gotanda KM, Svensson EI. Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0028. [PMID: 27920373 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have dramatic, diverse and far-reaching influences on the evolution of other organisms. Numerous examples of this human-induced contemporary evolution have been reported in a number of 'contexts', including hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions and emerging/disappearing diseases. Although numerous papers, journal special issues and books have addressed each of these contexts individually, the time has come to consider them together and thereby seek important similarities and differences. The goal of this special issue, and this introductory paper, is to promote and expand this nascent integration. We first develop predictions as to which human contexts might cause the strongest and most consistent directional selection, the greatest changes in evolutionary potential, the greatest genetic (as opposed to plastic) changes and the greatest effects on evolutionary diversification We then develop predictions as to the contexts where human-induced evolutionary changes might have the strongest effects on the population dynamics of the focal evolving species, the structure of their communities, the functions of their ecosystems and the benefits and costs for human societies. These qualitative predictions are intended as a rallying point for broader and more detailed future discussions of how human influences shape evolution, and how that evolution then influences species traits, biodiversity, ecosystems and humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A OC4
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
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32
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Siepielski AM, Morrissey MB, Buoro M, Carlson SM, Caruso CM, Clegg SM, Coulson T, DiBattista J, Gotanda KM, Francis CD, Hereford J, Kingsolver JG, Augustine KE, Kruuk LEB, Martin RA, Sheldon BC, Sletvold N, Svensson EI, Wade MJ, MacColl ADC. Precipitation drives global variation in natural selection. Science 2017; 355:959-962. [PMID: 28254943 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has the potential to affect the ecology and evolution of every species on Earth. Although the ecological consequences of climate change are increasingly well documented, the effects of climate on the key evolutionary process driving adaptation-natural selection-are largely unknown. We report that aspects of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, along with the North Atlantic Oscillation, predicted variation in selection across plant and animal populations throughout many terrestrial biomes, whereas temperature explained little variation. By showing that selection was influenced by climate variation, our results indicate that climate change may cause widespread alterations in selection regimes, potentially shifting evolutionary trajectories at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | | | - Mathieu Buoro
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christina M Caruso
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya M Clegg
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clinton D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Joe Hereford
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joel G Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kate E Augustine
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Loeske E B Kruuk
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ben C Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Sletvold
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Michael J Wade
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Abstract
Recent calls for a revision of standard evolutionary theory (SET) are based partly on arguments about the reciprocal causation. Reciprocal causation means that cause-effect relationships are bi-directional, as a cause could later become an effect and vice versa. Such dynamic cause-effect relationships raise questions about the distinction between proximate and ultimate causes, as originally formulated by Ernst Mayr. They have also motivated some biologists and philosophers to argue for an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). The EES will supposedly expand the scope of the Modern Synthesis (MS) and SET, which has been characterized as gene-centred, relying primarily on natural selection and largely neglecting reciprocal causation. Here, I critically examine these claims, with a special focus on the last conjecture. I conclude that reciprocal causation has long been recognized as important by naturalists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists working in the in the MS tradition, although it it could be explored even further. Numerous empirical examples of reciprocal causation in the form of positive and negative feedback are now well known from both natural and laboratory systems. Reciprocal causation have also been explicitly incorporated in mathematical models of coevolutionary arms races, frequency-dependent selection, eco-evolutionary dynamics and sexual selection. Such dynamic feedback were already recognized by Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin in their bok The Dialectical Biologist. Reciprocal causation and dynamic feedback might also be one of the few contributions of dialectical thinking and Marxist philosophy in evolutionary theory. I discuss some promising empirical and analytical tools to study reciprocal causation and the implications for the EES. Finally, I briefly discuss how quantitative genetics can be adapated to studies of reciprocal causation, constructive inheritance and phenotypic plasticity and suggest that the flexibility of this approach might have been underestimated by critics of contemporary evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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34
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De Lisle SP, Svensson EI. On the standardization of fitness and traits in comparative studies of phenotypic selection. Evolution 2017; 71:2313-2326. [PMID: 28804878 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons of the strength and form of phenotypic selection among groups provide a powerful approach for testing adaptive hypotheses. A central and largely unaddressed issue is how fitness and phenotypes are standardized in such studies; standardization across or within groups can qualitatively change conclusions whenever mean fitness differs between groups. We briefly reviewed recent relevant literature, and found that selection studies vary widely in their scale of standardization, but few investigators motivated their rationale for chosen standardization approaches. Here, we propose that the scale at which fitness should be relativized should reflect whether selection is likely to be hard or soft; that is, the scale at which populations (or hypothetical populations in the case of a contrived experiment) are regulated. We argue that many comparative studies of selection are implicitly or explicitly focused on soft selection (i.e., frequency and density-dependent selection). In such studies, relative fitness should preferably be calculated using within-group means, although this approach is taken only occasionally. Related difficulties arise for the standardization of phenotypes. The appropriate scale at which standardization should take place depends on whether groups are considered to be fixed or random. We emphasize that the scale of standardization is a critical decision in empirical studies of selection that should always warrant explicit justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P De Lisle
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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35
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Waller JT, Svensson EI. Body size evolution in an old insect order: No evidence for Cope's Rule in spite of fitness benefits of large size. Evolution 2017; 71:2178-2193. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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36
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Svensson EI. Back to basics: using colour polymorphisms to study evolutionary processes. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2204-2211. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit; Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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37
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Willink B, Svensson EI. Intra- and intersexual differences in parasite resistance and female fitness tolerance in a polymorphic insect. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20162407. [PMID: 28123090 PMCID: PMC5310041 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand host-parasite interactions, it is necessary to quantify variation and covariation in defence traits. We quantified parasite resistance and fitness tolerance of a polymorphic damselfly (Ischnura elegans), an insect with three discrete female colour morphs but with monomorphic males. We quantified sex and morph differences in parasite resistance (prevalence and intensity of water mite infections) and morph-specific fitness tolerance in the females in natural populations for over a decade. There was no evidence for higher parasite susceptibility in males as a cost of sexual selection, whereas differences in defence mechanisms between female morphs are consistent with correlational selection operating on combinations of parasite resistance and tolerance. We suggest that tolerance differences between female morphs interact with frequency-dependent sexual conflict, which maintains the polymorphism locally. Host-parasite interactions can therefore shape intra- and intersexual phenotypic divergence and interfere with sexual selection and sexual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund 223-62, Sweden
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund 223-62, Sweden
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38
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Bybee S, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Duryea MC, Futahashi R, Hansson B, Lorenzo-Carballa MO, Schilder R, Stoks R, Suvorov A, Svensson EI, Swaegers J, Takahashi Y, Watts PC, Wellenreuther M. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) as a bridge between ecology and evolutionary genomics. Front Zool 2016; 13:46. [PMID: 27766110 PMCID: PMC5057408 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) present an unparalleled insect model to integrate evolutionary genomics with ecology for the study of insect evolution. Key features of Odonata include their ancient phylogenetic position, extensive phenotypic and ecological diversity, several unique evolutionary innovations, ease of study in the wild and usefulness as bioindicators for freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this review, we synthesize studies on the evolution, ecology and physiology of odonates, highlighting those areas where the integration of ecology with genomics would yield significant insights into the evolutionary processes that would not be gained easily by working on other animal groups. We argue that the unique features of this group combined with their complex life cycle, flight behaviour, diversity in ecological niches and their sensitivity to anthropogenic change make odonates a promising and fruitful taxon for genomics focused research. Future areas of research that deserve increased attention are also briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Bybee
- Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84606 USA
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departmento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Catherine Duryea
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Ruud Schilder
- Departments of Entomology and Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, LSB 4102, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | | | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
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39
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Verzijden MN, Svensson EI. Interspecific interactions and learning variability jointly drive geographic differences in mate preferences. Evolution 2016; 70:1896-903. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Machteld N. Verzijden
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
- Current Address: Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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40
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Svensson EI, Nordén A, Waller JT, Runemark A. Linking intra- and interspecific assortative mating: Consequences for asymmetric sexual isolation. Evolution 2016; 70:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Nordén
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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41
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Lancaster LT, Dudaniec RY, Chauhan P, Wellenreuther M, Svensson EI, Hansson B. Gene expression under thermal stress varies across a geographical range expansion front. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:1141-56. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley T. Lancaster
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Institute of Plant and Food Research; Auckland New Zealand
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42
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Gosden TP, Waller JT, Svensson EI. Asymmetric isolating barriers between different microclimatic environments caused by low immigrant survival. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2459. [PMID: 25631994 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially variable selection has the potential to result in local adaptation unless counteracted by gene flow. Therefore, barriers to gene flow will help facilitate divergence between populations that differ in local selection pressures. We performed spatially and temporally replicated reciprocal field transplant experiments between inland and coastal habitats using males of the common blue damselfly (Enallagma cyathigerum) as our study organism. Males from coastal populations had lower local survival rates than resident males at inland sites, whereas we detected no differences between immigrant and resident males at coastal sites, suggesting asymmetric local adaptation in a source-sink system. There were no intrinsic differences in longevity between males from the different environments suggesting that the observed differences in male survival are environment-dependent and probably caused by local adaptation. Furthermore, the coastal environment was found to be warmer and drier than the inland environment, further suggesting local adaptation to microclimatic factors has lead to differential survival of resident and immigrant males. Our results suggest that low survival of immigrant males mediates isolation between closely located populations inhabiting different microclimatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gosden
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - John T Waller
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- John Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit Department of Biology Lund University SE‐223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit Department of Biology Lund University SE‐223 62 Lund Sweden
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44
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Runemark A, Sagonas K, Svensson EI. Ecological explanations to island gigantism: dietary niche divergence, predation, and size in an endemic lizard. Ecology 2015; 96:2077-92. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1996.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Svensson EI, Runemark A, Verzijden MN, Wellenreuther M. Sex differences in developmental plasticity and canalization shape population divergence in mate preferences. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1636. [PMID: 25377451 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection of high-quality mates can conflict with species recognition if traits that govern intraspecific mate preferences also influence interspecific recognition. This conflict might be resolved by developmental plasticity and learned mate preferences, which could drive preference divergence in populations that differ in local species composition. We integrate field and laboratory experiments on two calopterygid damselfly species with population genetic data to investigate how sex differences in developmental plasticity affect population divergence in the face of gene flow. Whereas male species recognition is fixed at emergence, females instead learn to recognize heterospecifics. Females are therefore more plastic in their mate preferences than males. We suggest that this results from sex differences in the balance between sexual selection for high-quality mates and selection for species recognition. As a result of these sex differences, females develop more pronounced population divergence in their mate preferences compared with males. Local ecological community context and presence of heterospecifics in combination with sex differences in plasticity and canalization therefore shape population divergence in mate preferences. As ongoing environmental change and habitat fragmentation bring formerly allopatric species into secondary contact, developmental plasticity of mate preferences in either or both sexes might facilitate coexistence and prevent local species extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Machteld N Verzijden
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
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46
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Le Rouzic A, Hansen TF, Gosden TP, Svensson EI. Evolutionary Time-Series Analysis Reveals the Signature of Frequency-Dependent Selection on a Female Mating Polymorphism. Am Nat 2015; 185:E182-96. [DOI: 10.1086/680982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Wellenreuther M, Svensson EI, Hansson B. Sexual selection and genetic colour polymorphisms in animals. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5398-414. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology; Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology; Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Molecular Ecology; Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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48
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Chauhan P, Hansson B, Kraaijeveld K, de Knijff P, Svensson EI, Wellenreuther M. De novo transcriptome of Ischnura elegans provides insights into sensory biology, colour and vision genes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:808. [PMID: 25245033 PMCID: PMC4182773 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) as model organisms in ecology and evolutionary biology but the development of genomic resources has been slow. So far only one draft genome (Ladona fulva) and one transcriptome assembly (Enallagma hageni) have been published. Odonates have some of the most advanced visual systems among insects and several species are colour polymorphic, and genomic and transcriptomic data would allow studying the genomic architecture of these interesting traits and make detailed comparative studies between related species possible. Here, we present a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly for the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) built from short-read RNA-seq data. The transcriptome analysis in this paper provides a first step towards identifying genes and pathways underlying the visual and colour systems in this insect group. RESULTS Illumina RNA sequencing performed on tissues from the head, thorax and abdomen generated 428,744,100 paired-ends reads amounting to 110 Gb of sequence data, which was assembled de novo with Trinity. A transcriptome was produced after filtering and quality checking yielding a final set of 60,232 high quality transcripts for analysis. CEGMA software identified 247 out of 248 ultra-conserved core proteins as 'complete' in the transcriptome assembly, yielding a completeness of 99.6%. BLASTX and InterProScan annotated 55% of the assembled transcripts and showed that the three tissue types differed both qualitatively and quantitatively in I. elegans. Differential expression identified 8,625 transcripts to be differentially expressed in head, thorax and abdomen. Targeted analyses of vision and colour functional pathways identified the presence of four different opsin types and three pigmentation pathways. We also identified transcripts involved in temperature sensitivity, thermoregulation and olfaction. All these traits and their associated transcripts are of considerable ecological and evolutionary interest for this and other insect orders. CONCLUSIONS Our work presents a comprehensive transcriptome resource for the ancient insect order Odonata and provides insight into their biology and physiology. The transcriptomic resource can provide a foundation for future investigations into this diverse group, including the evolution of colour, vision, olfaction and thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chauhan
- />Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hansson
- />Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ken Kraaijeveld
- />Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Knijff
- />Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik I Svensson
- />Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- />Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE 22362 Lund, Sweden
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49
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Runemark A, Brydegaard M, Svensson EI. Does relaxed predation drive phenotypic divergence among insular populations? J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1676-90. [PMID: 24890841 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of striking phenotypes on islands is a well-known phenomenon, and there has been a long-standing debate on the patterns of body size evolution on islands. The ecological causes driving divergence in insular populations are, however, poorly understood. Reduced predator fauna is expected to lower escape propensity, increase body size and relax selection for crypsis in small-bodied, insular prey species. Here, we investigated whether escape behaviour, body size and dorsal coloration have diverged as predicted under predation release in spatially replicated islet and mainland populations of the lizard species Podarcis gaigeae. We show that islet lizards escape approaching observers at shorter distances and are larger than mainland lizards. Additionally, we found evidence for larger between-population variation in body size among the islet populations than mainland populations. Moreover, islet populations are significantly more divergent in dorsal coloration and match their respective habitats poorer than mainland lizards. These results strongly suggest that predation release on islets has driven population divergence in phenotypic and behavioural traits and that selective release has affected both trait means and variances. Relaxed predation pressure is therefore likely to be one of the major ecological factors driving body size divergence on these islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Runemark
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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50
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Neff BD, Svensson EI. The role of genes and environment in the phenotypic expression of alternative mating tactics: a reply to Buzatto et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20140052. [PMID: 24818300 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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