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Glocker C, Grohmann R, Burkhardt G, Seifert J, Bleich S, Held T, Toto S, Stübner S, Schüle C. Antipsychotic drug-induced neutropenia: results from the AMSP drug surveillance program between 1993 and 2016. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:153-163. [PMID: 36653686 PMCID: PMC9902410 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis (N&A) are relatively rare, but potentially fatal adverse drug reactions (ADR). This study presents cases of N&A related to one or more antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in psychiatric inpatients. Data on APD utilization and reports of N&A caused by APDs were analyzed by using data from an observational pharmacovigilance program in German-speaking countries-Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie (AMSP)-from 1993 to 2016. 333,175 psychiatric inpatients were treated with APDs for schizophrenia and other indications during the observation period. A total of 124 cases of APD-induced N&A were documented, 48 of which fulfilled the criteria for agranulocytosis, corresponding to a rate of 0.37, respectively, 0.14 in 1000 inpatients treated with APDs. Neutropenia was more often detected in women, whereas there was no difference regarding sex in cases of agranulocytosis. Clozapine had the highest relative risk for inducing N&A and was imputed alone as a probable cause of N&A in 60 cases (1.57‰ of all patients exposed). Perazine showed the second highest relative risk with 8 cases and an incidence 0.52‰, followed by quetiapine (15 cases resp. 0.23‰ of all patients exposed) and olanzapine (7 cases; 0.13‰ of all patients exposed). N&A most often occurred during the first 3 months of treatment. Overall N&A are severe and potentially fatal complications that can occur during treatment with APDs. The results from this study largely agree with the currently available literature, highlighting the positive effects of alertness and established appropriate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Glocker
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, LMU Klinikum, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - R. Grohmann
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, LMU Klinikum, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - G. Burkhardt
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, LMU Klinikum, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Seifert
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. Held
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Toto
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Stübner
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Feuchtwanger Str. 38, 91522 Ansbach, Germany
| | - C. Schüle
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, LMU Klinikum, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Kálmán J, Burkhardt G, Pogarell O, Padberg F, Schulze T, Falkai P. Integration of real-world clinical data into the Munich Mental Health Biobank – clinical and scientific potential and challenges. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567776 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
New insights into the pathophysiology of mental disorders and innovations in psychiatric care depend on the availability of representative, longitudinal and multidimensional datasets across diverse, transdiagnostic populations. Biobanks usually attempt to collect such data in parallel to clinical routine, which is resource-intensive, puts additional burden on health-care providers, and may reduce the generalizability of the results. Despite containing rich phenotypic and biological information, data generated in routine clinical care is seldomly used for research purposes, because it is usually unstructured and locked in data silos. To truly link clinical practice and research, solutions that optimize the generation and scientific utilization of real-world clinical data are needed. Objectives Evaluation of a new digital infrastructure which warrants the efficient, automatized, and structured collection of real-world data in psychiatric care, and integrates the generated data into existing biobanking efforts. Methods We have developed a new documentation system which augments the existing IT-structures, enables the collection of routine clinical data in a structured format and involves patients in the data generation process. In an implementation science approach, to replicate and extend the findings of Blitz et al. (JMIR Ment Health 2021), we are investigating the acceptance, efficacy, and safety of the system in our outpatient clinic for affective disorders. Results First results describing the technical safety, usage metrics, and acceptance of the system, and the quality of the collected data will be presented. Conclusions Challenges of collecting real-world data for biobanking and research purposes and perspectives on future digital solutions will be discussed. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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McCleary BV, De Vries JW, Rader JI, Cohen G, Prosky L, Mugford DC, Champ M, Okuma K, Abercrombie L, Ames N, Bajoras T, Bhandari S, Burkhardt G, Camire M, Cohen G, Cui S, Dougherty MP, Erhardt S, Evans A, Grutters M, Hutton-Okpalaeke M, Illaens S, Kanaya K, Kohn A, Konings E, Lai G, Lee T, Marshak M, Neese U, Nishibata T, Santi A, Saylor D, Steegmans M, Themeier H, Thomsen A, Tervila-Wilo A, Walker R, Wang C. Determination of Total Dietary Fiber (CODEX Definition) by Enzymatic-Gravimetric Method and Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for the determination of total dietary fiber (TDF), as defined by the CODEX Alimentarius, was validated in foods. Based upon the principles of AOAC Official MethodsSM 985.29, 991.43, 2001.03, and 2002.02, the method quantitates high- and low-molecular-weight dietary fiber (HMWDF and LMWDF, respectively). In 2007, McCleary described a method of extended enzymatic digestion at 37C to simulate human intestinal digestion followed by gravimetric isolation and quantitation of HMWDF and the use of LC to quantitate low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMWSDF). The method thus quantitates the complete range of dietary fiber components from resistant starch (by utilizing the digestion conditions of AOAC Method 2002.02) to digestion resistant oligosaccharides (by incorporating the deionization and LC procedures of AOAC Method 2001.03). The method was evaluated through an AOAC collaborative study. Eighteen laboratories participated with 16 laboratories returning valid assay data for 16 test portions (eight blind duplicates) consisting of samples with a range of traditional dietary fiber, resistant starch, and nondigestible oligosaccharides. The dietary fiber content of the eight test pairs ranged from 11.57 to 47.83. Digestion of samples under the conditions of AOAC Method 2002.02 followed by the isolation and gravimetric procedures of AOAC Methods 985.29 and 991.43 results in quantitation of HMWDF. The filtrate from the quantitation of HMWDF is concentrated, deionized, concentrated again, and analyzed by LC to determine the LMWSDF, i.e., all nondigestible oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization 3. TDF is calculated as the sum of HMWDF and LMWSDF. Repeatability standard deviations (sr) ranged from 0.41 to 1.43, and reproducibility standard deviations (sR) ranged from 1.18 to 5.44. These results are comparable to other official dietary fiber methods, and the method is recommended for adoption as Official First Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry V McCleary
- Megazyme International, Bray Business Park, Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Jonathan W De Vries
- Medallion Laboratories/General Mills, 9000 Plymouth Ave N, Golden Valley, MN 55427
| | - Jeanne I Rader
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Gerald Cohen
- Kraft Foods, 555 S. Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10956
| | - Leon Prosky
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, retired, 10265 Nolan Dr, Rockville, MD 20850-3507
| | - David C Mugford
- BRI Research Pty. Ltd, PO Box 7, North Ryde, NSW, Australia 1670
| | - Martine Champ
- University of Nantes, Htel Dieu Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Kazuhiro Okuma
- Matsutani Chemical, Research Laboratory, Itami City, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan
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Anger HA, Dabash R, Durocher J, Hassanein N, Ononge S, Frye LJ, Diop A, Beye SB, Burkhardt G, Darwish E, Ramadan MC, Kayaga J, Charles D, Gaye A, Eckardt M, Winikoff B. The effectiveness and safety of introducing condom-catheter uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum haemorrhage at secondary level hospitals in Uganda, Egypt and Senegal: a stepped wedge, cluster-randomised trial. BJOG 2019; 126:1612-1621. [PMID: 31410966 PMCID: PMC6899652 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of introducing condom-catheter uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management in low- and middle-income settings. DESIGN Stepped wedge, cluster-randomised trial. SETTING Eighteen secondary-level hospitals in Uganda, Egypt and Senegal. POPULATION Women with vaginal delivery from October 2016 to March 2018. METHODS Use of condom-catheter UBT for PPH management was introduced using a half-day training and provision of pre-packaged UBT kits. Hospitals were randomised to when UBT was introduced. The incident rate (IR) of study outcomes was compared in the control (i.e. before UBT) and intervention (i.e. after UBT) periods. Mixed effects regression models accounted for clustering (random effect) and time period (fixed effect). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Combined IR of PPH-related invasive surgery and/or maternal death. RESULTS There were 28 183 and 31 928 deliveries in the control and intervention periods, respectively. UBT was used for 9/1357 and 55/1037 women diagnosed with PPH in control and intervention periods, respectively. PPH-related surgery or maternal death occurred in 19 women in the control period (IR = 6.7/10 000 deliveries) and 37 in the intervention period (IR = 11.6/10 000 deliveries). The adjusted IR ratio was 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.07-15.58). Secondary outcomes, including rates of transfer and blood transfusion, were similar in the trial periods. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of condom-catheter UBT in these settings did not improve maternal outcomes and was associated with an increase in the combined incidence of PPH-related surgery and maternal death. The lack of demonstrated benefit of UBT introduction with respect to severe outcomes warrants reflection on its role. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Stepped wedge trial shows UBT introduction does not reduce the combined incidence of PPH-related surgery or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Anger
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Dabash
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Durocher
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Hassanein
- Obstetrician/Gynaecologist consultant, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S Ononge
- Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - L J Frye
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Diop
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - S B Beye
- Centre De Santé Philippe Senghor, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - E Darwish
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M C Ramadan
- El Galaa Maternity Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Kayaga
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D Charles
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Gaye
- Obstetrician/Gynaecologist, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M Eckardt
- Division of Global Health Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Winikoff
- Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA
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Brambilla C, Burkhardt G, Borges J, Marques da Silva A. SU-FF-I-80: Monte Carlo Simulations of GSF Family Voxel Phantoms for Quantification of Renal Planar Scintigraphy. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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O'Brien KM, Burkhardt G, Caudill TS, Hoellein AR, Feddock CA, Wilson JF, Griffith CH. 229 DOES PATIENT CENSUS INFLUENCE THE NATURE OF TEACHING ROUNDS? J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Flatt R, Wilhelm J, Burkhardt G. Untersuchungen über Mischkrystallbildung in Lösungen. I. Die Gewinnung homogener Mischkrystalle. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.194402701204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Flatt R, Burkhardt G. Untersuchungen über Mischkrystallbildung in Lösungen. II. Die Systeme KCl + NH4Cl + H2O, KBr + NH4Br + H2O, KCl + KBr + H2O und NH4Cl + NH4Br + H2O bei 25°. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.194402701205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Surovaia AN, Grokhovskiĭ SL, Burkhardt G, Fritzsche H, Zimmer C, Gurskiĭ GV. [Effect of DNA local conformation on the affinity and binding specificity of bis-netropsins to DNA]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2002; 36:901-11. [PMID: 12391855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of short nucleotide duplexes with bis-netropsins, in which netropsin fragments are linked in the tail-to-tail orientation via cis-diammineplatinum group (<--Nt-Pt(NH3)-Nt-->) or aliphatic pentamethylene chain (<--Nt-(CH2)5-Nt-->), has been studied. Both the bis-netropsins have been shown to bind to DNA oligomer 5'-CCTATATCC-3' (I) as a hairpin with parallel orientation of netropsin fragments in 1:1 stoichiometry. Monodentate binding has been detected upon binding of bis-netropsins to other duplexes of sequences 5'-CCXCC-3'--where X = TTATT (II), TTAAT (III), TTTTT (IV), and AATTT (V)--along with the binding of bis-netropsins as a hairpin. The formation of dimeric antiparallel motif between the halves of two bound bis-netropsin molecules has been observed in the complexes of <--Nt-(CH2)5-Nt--> with DNA oligomers IV and V. The ratio of binding constant of bis-netropsin as a hairpin (K2) to monodentate binding constant (K1) has been shown to correlate with the width and/or conformational lability of DNA in the binding site. The share of bis-netropsin bound as a hairpin decreases in the order: TATAT > TTATT > TTAAT > TTTTT > AATTT, whereas the contribution of monodentate binding rises. The minimal strong binding site for <--Nt-Pt(NH3)-Nt--> and <--Nt-(CH2)5-Nt--> binding as a hairpin has been found to be DNA duplex 5'-CGTATACG-3'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Surovaia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
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Kozlovsky AG, Vinokurova NG, Adanin VM, Burkhardt G, Dahse HM, Gräfe U. New diketopiperazine alkaloids from Penicillium fellutanum. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:698-700. [PMID: 10843594 DOI: 10.1021/np9903853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four new diketopiperazine alkaloids (1-4) were isolated from cultures of Penicillium fellutanum, and their structures were determined by MS and NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Kozlovsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Federation
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11
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Surovaia AN, Grokhovskiĭ SL, Pis'menskiĭ VF, Burkhardt G, Zimmer C, Gurskiĭ GV. [Effect of local DNA conformation on bis-netropsin binding in the minor DNA groove]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 1999; 33:611-9. [PMID: 10546214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Kuhlmann MK, Burkhardt G, Horsch E, Wagner M, Köhler H. Inhibition of oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) by quercetin. Free Radic Res 1998; 29:451-60. [PMID: 9925038 DOI: 10.1080/10715769800300501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of quercetin against oxidant-induced cell injury (hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system) was studied in the renal tubular epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. Pretreatment with quercetin provided protection from structural and functional cell damage in a concentration-dependent manner (10-100 microM). Comparison with structural variants revealed that the protective property of quercetin depends on the number of hydroxyl substituents in the B-ring, the presence of an extended C-ring chromophore, 3-D-planarity and lipophilicity, indicating that membrane affinity is essential for protection. The hypothesis that quercetin exerts its protective effects via inhibition of lipid peroxidation was further examined. Protection by quercetin was found when lipid peroxidation, assessed by the release of malondialdehyde, was initiated by H2O2 or by the combination of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and aminotriazole. In contrast, the bioflavonoid was not protective when oxidative cell damage was induced by menadione and occurred in the absence of lipid peroxidation. These data suggest that cytoprotective effects of quercetin are related to membrane affinity and may be explained by interruption of membrane lipid peroxidation rather than by intracellular scavenging of oxygen free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kuhlmann
- Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Innere Medizin IV, Nephrologie, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Kuhlmann MK, Horsch E, Burkhardt G, Wagner M, Köhler H. Reduction of cisplatin toxicity in cultured renal tubular cells by the bioflavonoid quercetin. Arch Toxicol 1998; 72:536-40. [PMID: 9765070 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QC), a polyphenolic compound widely distributed in fruits and vegetables has recently gained interest due to its cisplatin (CP) sensitizing properties in cancer cells. It is currently unknown, whether quercetin also increases the susceptibility of the kidneys to cisplatin toxicity. We studied the effects of various bioflavonoids on CP toxicity in an in vitro model of cultured tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Viability of LLC-PK1 cells, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT-test, was affected by CP (100-400 microM) in a time and dose dependent fashion. Pretreatment of cells with QC for 3 h significantly reduced the extent of cell damage. The protective activity of QC was concentration dependent, starting at 10-25 microM and reaching a plateau between 50 and 100 microM. Other bioflavonoids (catechin, silibinin, rutin) did not diminish cellular injury, even at higher concentrations (100-500 microM). Quercetin itself showed some intrinsic cytotoxicity at concentrations exceeding 75 microM. Our data indicate that quercetin reduces cisplatin toxicity in cultured tubular epithelial cells. The exact mechanism of protection is unclear, though scavenging of free oxygen radicals may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kuhlmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Kuhlmann MK, Burkhardt G, Köhler H. Insights into potential cellular mechanisms of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and their clinical application. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:2478-80. [PMID: 9430835 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.12.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin preferentially accumulates in cells of the S3 segment of the renal proximal tubule and is toxified intracellularly by hydration. The earliest manifestation of toxicity is inhibition of protein synthesis. GSH depletion is another important mechanism causing CP toxicity. Intracellular binding to SH groups leads to GSH depletion, resulting in lipid peroxidation and eventually mitochondrial damage. New measures to prevent GSH depletion and scavenge intracellular free oxygen radicals have been tried in clinical studies. Promising results indicate that cisplatin nephrotoxicity can be further reduced in the future.
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Kroeger A, Dehlinger U, Burkhardt G, Atehortua W, Anaya H, Becker N. Community based dengue control in Columbia: people's knowledge and practice and the potential contribution of the biological larvicide Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis). Trop Med Parasitol 1995; 46:241-6. [PMID: 8826104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A study on dengue control was undertaken in a poor urban area in Cúcuta, Colombia. The first objective was to describe people's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue fever, the transmission of the disease and possible preventive measures. The second objective was to analyse the infestation of the community with Aedes aegypti larvae, and the third objective to test the efficacy of Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) with respect to the level and duration of reduction of Ae. aegypti larvae in water tanks. It was found that people had a very fragmentary knowledge about dengue and about the necessary protective measures which did not lead them to any action. The infestation of water containers, particularly the larger tanks, was very high (house index = 61; Breteau index = 96). The application of Bti in water tanks led to satisfactory results: For one month and longer, the water tanks treated with Bti were free of mosquito larvae. The effect was reduced by a lower dose, washing the tanks and a less potent formulation. People's acceptance of Bti was higher than that of temephos. Further studies are necessary to confirm the utility of Bti in dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kroeger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, U.K
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Abstract
This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses among the 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), who died between 1985-1988, using U.S. proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population. Statistically significant elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms (N = 3285, PMR = 1.13, CI = 1.09-1.17), as well as for site-specific neoplasms of the lung (N = 1208, PCMR = 1.06, CI = 1.00-1.12), stomach (N = 170, PCMR = 1.44, CI = 1.23-1.68), and thyroid gland (N = 10, PCMR = 2.24, CI = 1.07-4.12). The PCMRs for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and non-white males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age at death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The study also observed 20 mesothelioma deaths, which indicated that some LIUNA members had been previously exposed to asbestos. Statistically significant elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation injuries (N = 448, PMR = 1.37, CI = 1.25-1.51), falls (N = 85, PMR = 1.34, CI = 1.07-1.66), and other types of injuries (N = 245, PMR = 1.61, CI = 1.42-1.83). The deaths due to injuries were most often observed among those members who had the shortest amount of time within the union, were younger, and first entered the union after 1955. This is the first study that has examined the general mortality experience limited to construction laborers only (Bureau of Census code 869).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stern
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
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17
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Abstract
Investigation of the aerial parts of Rhyncholacis penicillata afforded the new chromenes, 7-hydroxy-6-(3-methylbutyryl)-5-oxymethyl-chromene (rhynchonin A) and 7-hydroxy-6-(2-methylbutyryl)-6-oxymethylchromene (rhynchonin B). Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and independent synthesis. Rhynchonin A showed broad insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal potency including strong biological activity against Heliothis zea.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burkhardt
- Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Bölcskei P, Burkhardt G, Klatte O, Dimpel M, Thoma B, Gill E. Penetration of ciprofloxacin in the pleural fluid. Chemioterapia 1987; 6:290-2. [PMID: 3509417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bölcskei
- Department of Pneumology, Klinikum of Nuremberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
The essential oil of anise (fruits and shoots) was investigated focusing on the composition of the hydrocarbon fraction. Several sesquiterpenes were identified by GC-MS and the relative composition of the fractions was established by GC analysis. gamma-Himachalene and the diterpene neophytadiene were isolated by TLC and column chromatography at low temperatures. Their structures were determined by MS and NMR including 1H-1H correlated COSY and NOE experiments.
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Reichling J, Becker H, Martin R, Burkhardt G. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Bildung und Akkumulation von ätherischem Öl in der intakten Pflanze und in Zellkulturen von Pimpinella anisum L. / Comparative Studies on the Production and Accumulation of Essential Oil in the W hole Plant and in the Cell Culture of Pimpinella anisum L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1985-7-801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Comparative studies on the essential oil of the whole plant and callus-and suspension cultures of Pimpinella anisum L. were carried out. Both the whole organism and the cell cultures were shown for the first time to be similar in their constituents e.g. anethole, pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methyl-butyrate), epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methyl-butyrate) and β-bisabolene. In difference to the plant, the callus-culture contained myristicine.
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Abstract
In situ host immunity to the EMT6/Ro mammary sarcoma tumor was evaluated by implanting multicellular spheroids of this tumor into the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic BALB/cKa mice and determining the kinetics of host cell infiltration and tumor cell killing. Spheroids grown in vitro and implanted into unsensitized mice continued to grow resulting in peritoneal tumor masses and eventual death of the animal. However, in mice previously sensitized with a single injection of heavily irradiated EMT6/Ro cells, spheroids implanted intraperitoneally were rapidly infiltrated by host immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and granulocytes), tumor cell killing was detectable within 1 day and by Day 6 essentially no clonogenic tumor cells were recoverable. Despite this marked loss of both total and clonogenic tumor cells, there was little decrease in the diameter of the spheroids recovered during this time period. Physical size thus does not provide a reliable estimation of tumor cell killing. The tumor cell killing was immunologically specific in that little killing was observed when EMT6/Ro spheroids were implanted into mice sensitized with other allogeneic or syngeneic tumor cells. Host cells from within the spheroids were found to be cytotoxic for EMT6/Ro tumor cells in a 51Cr release assay. A major portion of these cytotoxic cells appear to be T lymphocytes. However, other host cell types may also be involved in the in vivo tumor cell killing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Host vs Graft Reaction
- Kinetics
- Leukocyte Count
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Ruppert R, Burkhardt G. [Possibilities of high school education for disabled]. Arztl Jugendkd 1982; 73:87-93. [PMID: 6214929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Burkhardt G, Markwardt D, Weygandt A. [Kirschner's wire-binding technic in proximal femoral fractures]. Beitr Orthop Traumatol 1975; 22:267-72. [PMID: 1191221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Seifart VW, Burkhardt G. [Forced osmodiuresis in peritonitis]. Zentralbl Chir 1974; 99:1590-3. [PMID: 4460620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Burkhardt G, Starke G, Seifart W. [Conclusion to the comment of K.H. Weis and K. Eyrich on our article: Administration of human immunoglobulin in tetanus. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 95 (1970) 180]. Zentralbl Chir 1972; 97:340-1. [PMID: 5052014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Burkhardt G, Starke G, Seifart W. [Use of human immunoglobulin in tetanus]. Zentralbl Chir 1970; 95:180-4. [PMID: 4104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Burkhardt G. [Injuries by air pressure to the internal organs]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1968:Suppl 36:4. [PMID: 5695971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Burkhardt G, Falk H, Gläser C. [Pneumatic hammer damage to internal organs, especially the colon]. Med Monatsschr 1968; 22:159-63. [PMID: 5726957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Burkhardt G, Gabsch HC, Lantsch H. [Serum lipase determination within the scope of pancreas diagnosis]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1967; 22:112-7. [PMID: 5586039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Burkhardt G, Gabsch HC, Ohlow H. [Noninfluencability of transaminase activity by some medicaments and body fluids]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1966; 21:597-9. [PMID: 5998675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Burkhardt G, Gabsch HC, Bullmann H. [Possible modifications of transaminase activity in the blood unrelated to the course of the disease]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1966; 21:455-60. [PMID: 5990882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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32
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Burkhardt G, Eckhardt B. [Preservation of the muscular pelvic floor in coccyx preserving rectum amputation for carcinoma]. Chirurg 1966; 37:221-4. [PMID: 5987474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Burkhardt G. [To professor Dr. med. habil. Martin Stolze on his 65th birthday]. Z Urol Nephrol 1965; 58:433-5. [PMID: 5320615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Burkhardt G. [On the value of the sole blood level control of the test substance in kidney clearance tests]. Z Urol Nephrol 1965; 58:473-8. [PMID: 5841710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Neumann WP, Burkhardt G, Heymann E, Kleiner F, König K, Niermann H, Pedain J, Schick R, Sommer R, Weller H. Recent Developments in Organotin Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.196301651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Burkhardt G. Die Abhängigkeit der Diagnostik und Therapie des Carcioms von seiner Dissemination. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1960. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01493740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Flatt R, Burkhardt G. Untersuchungen über Mischkrystallbildung in Lösungen. III. Die Bildung ternärer Mischkrystalle im System K· + NH 4· + Cl′ + Br′ + H 2O. Helv Chim Acta 1944. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.194402701206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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