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Castorina M, Antuzzi D, Richards SM, Cox GF, Xue Y. Successful pregnancy and breastfeeding in a woman with mucopolysaccharidosis type I while receiving laronidase enzyme replacement. therapy. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2015; 42:108-113. [PMID: 25864295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe the first mother-infant pair to complete an on-going, prospective, open-label, Phase 4 trial (ALIU) UU3, NCT00418821) determining the safety of laronidase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in pregnant women with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) and their breastfed infants. The mother, a 32-year-old with attenuated MPS I (Scheie syndrome), received laronidase for three years and continued treatment throughout her second pregnancy and while lactating. A healthy 2.5 kg male was delivered by elective cesarean section at 37 weeks. He was breastfed for three months. No laronidase was detected in breast milk. The infant never developed anti-laronidase IgM antibodies, never had inhibitory antibody activity in a cellular uptake assay, and always had normal urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels. No drug-related adverse events were reported. At 2.5 years of age, the boy is healthy with normal growth and development. In this first prospectively monitored mother-infant pair, laronidase during pregnancy and breastfeeding was uneventful.
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Lalani SR, Thakuria JV, Cox GF, Wang X, Bi W, Bray MS, Shaw C, Cheung SW, Chinault AC, Boggs BA, Ou Z, Brundage EK, Lupski JR, Gentile J, Waisbren S, Pursley A, Ma L, Khajavi M, Zapata G, Friedman R, Kim JJ, Towbin JA, Stankiewicz P, Schnittger S, Hansmann I, Ai T, Sood S, Wehrens XH, Martin JF, Belmont JW, Potocki L. 20p12.3 microdeletion predisposes to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with variable neurocognitive deficits. J Med Genet 2008; 46:168-75. [PMID: 18812404 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a bypass re-entrant tachycardia that results from an abnormal connection between the atria and ventricles. Mutations in PRKAG2 have been described in patients with familial WPW syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Based on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in the development of annulus fibrosus in mice, it has been proposed that BMP signalling through the type 1a receptor and other downstream components may play a role in pre-excitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), we identified five individuals with non-recurrent deletions of 20p12.3. Four of these individuals had WPW syndrome with variable dysmorphisms and neurocognitive delay. With the exception of one maternally inherited deletion, all occurred de novo, and the smallest of these harboured a single gene, BMP2. In two individuals with additional features of Alagille syndrome, deletion of both JAG1 and BMP2 were identified. Deletion of this region has not been described as a copy number variant in the Database of Genomic Variants and has not been identified in 13 321 individuals from other cohort examined by array CGH in our laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel genomic disorder characterised by deletion of BMP2 with variable cognitive deficits and dysmorphic features and show that individuals bearing microdeletions in 20p12.3 often present with WPW syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, BCM225, MARB, R713, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Miller DT, Shen Y, Weiss LA, Korn J, Anselm I, Bridgemohan C, Cox GF, Dickinson H, Gentile J, Harris DJ, Hegde V, Hundley R, Khwaja O, Kothare S, Luedke C, Nasir R, Poduri A, Prasad K, Raffalli P, Reinhard A, Smith SE, Sobeih MM, Soul JS, Stoler J, Takeoka M, Tan WH, Thakuria J, Wolff R, Yusupov R, Gusella JF, Daly MJ, Wu BL. Microdeletion/duplication at 15q13.2q13.3 among individuals with features of autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders. J Med Genet 2008; 46:242-8. [PMID: 18805830 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.059907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental duplications at breakpoints (BP4-BP5) of chromosome 15q13.2q13.3 mediate a recurrent genomic imbalance syndrome associated with mental retardation, epilepsy, and/or electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. PATIENTS DNA samples from 1445 unrelated patients submitted consecutively for clinical array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) testing at Children's Hospital Boston and DNA samples from 1441 individuals with autism from 751 families in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) repository. RESULTS We report the clinical features of five patients with a BP4-BP5 deletion, three with a BP4-BP5 duplication, and two with an overlapping but smaller duplication identified by whole genome high resolution oligonucleotide array CGH. These BP4-BP5 deletion cases exhibit minor dysmorphic features, significant expressive language deficits, and a spectrum of neuropsychiatric impairments that include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, and mood disorder. Cognitive impairment varied from moderate mental retardation to normal IQ with learning disability. BP4-BP5 covers approximately 1.5 Mb (chr15:28.719-30.298 Mb) and includes six reference genes and 1 miRNA gene, while the smaller duplications cover approximately 500 kb (chr15:28.902-29.404 Mb) and contain three reference genes and one miRNA gene. The BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication events span CHRNA7, a candidate gene for seizures. However, none of these individuals reported here have epilepsy, although two have an abnormal EEG. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of chromosome 15q13.2q13.3 BP4-BP5 microdeletion/duplication syndrome may include features of autism spectrum disorder, a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, and cognitive impairment. Recognition of this broader phenotype has implications for clinical diagnostic testing and efforts to understand the underlying aetiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
We report on a pair of monozygotic twins with Fryns syndrome discordant for severity of diaphragmatic defect. Both twins had macrocephaly, "coarse" facial appearance, hypoplasia of distal phalanges, and an extra pair of ribs. Twin A lacked an apparent diaphragmatic defect, and at 1 year of age had mild developmental delay. Twin B had a left congenital diaphragmatic hernia and died neonatally. Absence of diaphragmatic defect in Fryns syndrome may represent a subpopulation of more mildly affected patients whose developmental outcome is currently undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Vargas
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Grenier MA, Osganian SK, Cox GF, Towbin JA, Colan SD, Lurie PR, Sleeper LA, Orav EJ, Lipshultz SE. Design and implementation of the North American Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Am Heart J 2000; 139:S86-95. [PMID: 10650321 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2000.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (PCMR) was established to describe the epidemiologic features and clinical course of selected cardiomyopathies in patients aged 18 years or younger and to promote the development of etiology-specific treatments. Sixty-one private and institutional pediatric cardiomyopathy practices in the United States and Canada were recruited to participate in the PCMR. The registry consists of a prospective, population-based cohort of patients in 2 regions (New England and the Central Southwestern United States) and a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed between 1991 and 1996. Annual follow-up data are collected on all patients. As of June 1999, the PCMR consisted of 337 prospectively identified and 990 retrospectively identified patients. The PCMR has demonstrated the feasibility of establishing a large database of sociodemographic and clinical information on children with pediatric cardiomyopathy. Through this cooperative effort, the PCMR will obtain precise estimates of the incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy and a better understanding of the natural history of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Grenier
- Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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Bönnemann CG, Cox GF, Shapiro F, Wu JJ, Feener CA, Thompson TG, Anthony DC, Eyre DR, Darras BT, Kunkel LM. A mutation in the alpha 3 chain of type IX collagen causes autosomal dominant multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with mild myopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:1212-7. [PMID: 10655510 PMCID: PMC15572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.3.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a degenerative cartilage condition shown in some cases to be caused by mutations in genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or type IX collagen. We studied a family with autosomal dominant MED affecting predominantly the knee joints and a mild proximal myopathy. Genetic linkage to the COL9A3 locus on chromosome 20q13.3 was established with a peak log(10) odds ratio for linkage score of 3.87 for markers D20S93 and D20S164. Reverse transcription-PCR performed on the muscle biopsy revealed aberrant mRNA lacking exon 3, which predicted a protein lacking 12 amino acids from the COL3 domain of alpha3(IX) collagen. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA confirmed the presence of a splice acceptor mutation in intron 2 of the COL9A3 gene (intervening sequence 2, G-A, -1) only in affected family members. By electron microscopy, chondrocytes from epiphyseal cartilage exhibited dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing linear lamellae of alternating electron-dense and electron-lucent material, reflecting abnormal processing of mutant protein. Type IX collagen chains appeared normal in size and quantity but showed defective cross-linking by Western blotting. The novel phenotype of MED and mild myopathy is likely caused by a dominant-negative effect of the exon 3-skipping mutation in the COL9A3 gene. Patients with MED and a waddling gait but minimal radiographic hip involvement should be evaluated for a primary myopathy and a mutation in type IX collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Bönnemann
- Department of Medicine (Genetics), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Perez-Atayde AR, Fox V, Teitelbaum JE, Anthony DA, Fadic R, Kalsner L, Rivkin M, Johns DR, Cox GF. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: diagnosis by rectal biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22:1141-7. [PMID: 9737248 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199809000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 14-year-old girl with the mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome had an 8-year history of intestinal pseudoobstruction with abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, gastric and duodenal dilatation, and duodenal diverticulosis. The child appeared chronically malnourished and had severe growth failure. Multisystem involvement was evident with the presence of ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, muscle wasting, peripheral neuropathy, and diffuse white matter disease seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Lactic acidosis and increased cerebrospinal fluid protein were observed. Mitochondrial enzyme analysis of fresh-frozen skeletal muscle revealed a respiratory chain defect. Molecular genetic studies showed multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. Pathologic findings in the intestine included atrophy of the external layer of the muscularis propria and an increased number of abnormal-appearing mitochondria in ganglion and smooth-muscle cells. Microvesicular steatosis was observed in liver, skeletal, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and Schwann cells of peripheral nerve. Brightly eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of gastrointestinal ganglion cells were visible by light microscopy, which were confirmed to be megamitochondria by ultrastructural studies. This is the first report of abnormal mitochondria observed in intestinal ganglion and smooth-muscle cells in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Cox GF, Souri M, Aoyama T, Rockenmacher S, Varvogli L, Rohr F, Hashimoto T, Korson MS. Reversal of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and excellent neuropsychologic outcome in very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr 1998; 133:247-53. [PMID: 9709714 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is a disorder of fatty acid beta oxidation that reportedly has high rates of morbidity and mortality. We describe the outcome of a 5-year-old girl with VLCAD deficiency who was first seen at 5 months of age with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, encephalopathy, and hypotonia. Biochemical studies indicated VLCAD deficiency caused by a stable yet inactive enzyme. Molecular genetic analysis of her VLCAD gene revealed a T1372C (F458L) missense mutation and a 1668 ACAG 1669 splice site mutation. After initial treatment with intravenous glucose and carnitine, the patient has thrived on a low-fat diet supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride oil and carnitine and avoidance of fasting. Her ventricular hypertrophy resolved significantly over 1 year, and cognitively, she is in the superior range for age. Clinical recognition of VLCAD deficiency is important because it is one of the few directly treatable causes of cardiomyopathy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Cox
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is one of four flavoproteins which catalyze the initial step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation spiral. By sequence comparison with other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, Glu-422 of VLCAD has been presumed to be the catalytic residue that abstracts the alpha-proton in the alphabeta-dehydrogenation reaction. Replacing Glu-422 with glutamine (E422Q) caused a loss of enzyme activity by preventing the formation of a charge transfer complex between VLCAD and palmitoyl-CoA. This result provides further evidence for Glu-422 being part of the active site of VLCAD. F418L is a disease-causing mutation in human VLCAD deficiency. Unlike wild-type VLCAD, F418L and F418V contained no bound FAD when expressed at extremely high levels in the baculovirus expression system. Although F418T and F418Y bound FAD at a level similar to that of wild-type VLCAD, both showed reduced Vmax values toward palmitoyl-CoA, most likely due to a decrease in the rate of enzyme-bound FAD reduction. These data suggest that Phe-418 is involved in the binding and subsequent reduction of FAD. FAD-deficient VLCADs (F418L, F418V, and apo-VLCAD) showed increased sensitivity to trypsinization. Loss of FAD may change the folding of VLCAD subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Souri
- Department of Biochemistry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390, Japan.
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Johnston J, Kelley RI, Feigenbaum A, Cox GF, Iyer GS, Funanage VL, Proujansky R. Mutation characterization and genotype-phenotype correlation in Barth syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:1053-8. [PMID: 9345098 PMCID: PMC1716030 DOI: 10.1086/301604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an X-linked cardiomyopathy with neutropenia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Recently, mutations in the G4.5 gene, located in Xq28, have been described in four probands with Barth syndrome. We have now evaluated 14 Barth syndrome pedigrees for mutations in G4.5 and have identified unique mutations in all, including four splice-site mutations, three deletions, one insertion, five missense mutations, and one nonsense mutation. Nine of the 14 mutations are predicted to significantly disrupt the protein products of G4.5. The occurrence of missense mutations in exons 3 and 8 suggests that these exons encode essential portions of the G4. 5 proteins, whose functions remain unknown. We found no correlation between the location or type of mutation and any of the clinical or laboratory abnormalities of Barth syndrome, which suggests that additional factors modify the expression of the Barth phenotype. The characterization of mutations of the G4.5 gene will be useful for carrier detection, genetic counseling, and the identification of patients with Barth syndrome who do not manifest all of the cardinal features of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA
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Cox GF, Kunkel LM. Dystrophies and heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 1997; 12:329-43. [PMID: 9243091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal muscle-wasting diseases that differ widely in their frequency and pattern of cardiac involvement. Myocardial disease manifesting predominantly as cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure is characteristic of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas conduction system abnormalities that cause heart block, arrhythmias, and sudden death are more commonly seen in limb-girdle type 1B, myotonic, and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophies. Primary defects in the mechanical stabilization of the plasma membrane and signal transduction may underlie these two groups of muscular dystrophies. The identification of several new disease genes has yielded additional insights into the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy. Molecular genetic and biochemical analyses of patient samples now permit accurate diagnosis and genotype-phenotype correlations. Ultimately, this knowledge will provide the foundation for etiology-specific gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Cox
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy (CM) remains one of the leading cardiac causes of death in children, although in the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. To have an impact on morbidity and mortality, attention must shift to etiology-specific treatments. The diagnostic evaluation of children with CM of genetic origin is complicated by the large number of rare genetic causes, the broad range of clinical presentations, and the array of specialized diagnostic tests and biochemical assays. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to pediatric CM of genetic etiology. We specify criteria for abnormal left ventricular systolic performance and structure that suggest CM based on established normal echocardiographic measurements and list other indications to consider an evaluation for CM. We provide a differential diagnosis of genetic conditions associated with CM, classified as inborn errors of metabolism, malformation syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, and familial isolated CM disorders. A diagnostic strategy is offered that is based on the clinical presentation: biochemical abnormalities, encephalopathy, dysmorphic features or multiple malformations, neuromuscular disease, apparently isolated CM, and pathological specimen findings. Adjunctive treatment measures are recommended for severely ill patients in whom a metabolic cause of CM is suspected. A protocol is provided for the evaluation of moribund patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we hope to assist pediatric cardiologists and other subspecialists in the evaluation of children with CM for a possible genetic cause using a presentation-based approach. This should increase the percentage of children with CM for whom a diagnosis can be established, with important implications for treatment, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Schwartz
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
A novel cDNA which maps to human Xq28 has been isolated and characterized. Sequence similarity to DNase I is high at the DNA and peptide sequence levels. The transcript is present at highest levels in skeletal and cardiac muscle, with lower expression in other tissues. Mutation analysis has been performed using DNA samples from two unrelated patients with Barth syndrome, and from 11 unrelated patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, two genetic disorders linked to Xq28. No disease-associated mutations were detected in the coding region of the gene; however, a novel 190 base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism was found in the 3' untranslated region. Translation of the long open reading frame found in the cDNA yields a putative 302 amino acid protein with 37.6% identity to human DNase I. The protein is predicted to contain a signal sequence at the amino terminus, a transmembrane domain near the carboxyl terminus, and a helix-loop-helix domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Parrish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Appleyard NJ, Cox GF, Skrbek L, Sommerfeld PK, Vinen WF. Magnetoplasma resonances and nonlinear mode coupling in pools of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:5892-5898. [PMID: 9979503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
A simple method to facilitate good access to the palate of the adult patient using the Dingman gag is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Irvine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southmead General Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol
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Hatton JD, Cox GF, Miller AL, Nichol JA, Ellisman MH. Identification of polypeptides associated with sarcolemmal vesicles enriched in orthogonal arrays. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 904:373-80. [PMID: 2959324 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas from the sarcolemmas of fast-twitch muscle fibers reveals orthogonal arrays of particles. The biochemical nature of macromolecules associated with the sarcolemmal orthogonal array was investigated using muscle fragments and isolated sarcolemmal vesicles. Muscle fragments incubated in vitro with the lectin concanavalin A exhibited a clustering of orthogonal arrays into local patches. Treatment with other lectins did not result in the clustering of arrays. Clustering was inhibited by the addition of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, a ligand which also binds concanavalin A. These results suggest that the orthogonal arrays (or associated components) specifically bind concanavalin A. Sarcolemmal vesicles from rabbit sacrospinalis (SAC) and rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (both primarily fast-twitch) and rat soleus (SOL) (primarily slow-twitch) were obtained by a combination of low-salt fractionation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of proteins and glycoproteins solubilized from these vesicles revealed several bands. Four of these bands were present in gels from both the rabbit and rat fast-twitch muscle sarcolemmal preparations (that contained arrays), yet were absent in gels from rat slow-twitch muscle sarcolemmal preparations (not bearing arrays). An enrichment in vesicles containing arrays was achieved by binding SAC sarcolemmal vesicles to Con A-Sepharose 4B beads. SDS-PAGE analysis of array-enriched vesicles from the concanavalin A beads revealed enrichment of three major bands at Mr 93,000, 54,000 and 49,000. These enriched bands correlate with three of the four bands common to fast-twitch EDL and SAC, yet absent in slow-twitch SOL sarcolemmal preparations. We conclude that at least one macromolecular component associated with the sarcolemmal orthogonal array is a concanavalin A binding glycoprotein. We further conclude that three candidates for this component co-purify with the morphological array, and have approximate molecular weights of 93,000, 54,000 and 49,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hatton
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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Maher PA, Cox GF, Singer SJ. Zeugmatin: a new high molecular weight protein associated with Z lines in adult and early embryonic striated muscle. J Cell Biol 1985; 101:1871-83. [PMID: 3902856 PMCID: PMC2113980 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.101.5.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were generated to a purified preparation of the fascia adherens domains of the intercalated discs of chicken cardiac cell membranes. One of these antibodies, McAb 20, immunofluorescently labeled the Z lines of adult skeletal muscle, the Z lines and intercalated discs of adult cardiac muscle, and the dense bodies and dense plaques of adult gizzard smooth muscle. In addition, McAb 20 was found to label regenerating muscle cells in a cross-striated pattern much like that of Z lines in 24-h muscle cell cultures before the appearance of Z lines was detectable by phase or Nomarski optics and before the concentration of alpha-actinin occurred at the Z lines. Thus, McAb 20 appears to be directed against an antigen involved in early myofibrillar organization. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by McAb 20 indicates that it is a high molecular weight doublet of over 5 X 10(5) kD that is highly susceptible to proteolysis. By virtue of its presence in Z lines, and its possible role in the end-on attachment of microfilaments to Z lines and membranes, we have named this protein zeugmatin (xi epsilon nu gamma mu alpha identical to yoking).
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Abstract
Cutaneous bacterial infections, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been clearly linked to use of hot tubs. A 10-year-old female with atopic eczema developed eczema herpeticum after hot tub use with a friend who had "fever blisters"; herpes simplex virus was recovered from cutaneous vesicles. Since herpesvirus has been shown to survive in the hot tub environment, herpes simplex should be considered as another potential cause of disease in the spa setting.
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Abstract
Five patients with leprosy are presented. Each had had extensive and chronic contact with armadillos. No other potential risk factor for the development of leprosy could be identified. Since the nine-banded armadillo is a known carrier of leprosy in the southern area of the United States, we believe that these patients may have contracted leprosy from infected armadillos.
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Bean SF, Cox GF. Bullous diseases in the elderly. Geriatrics (Basel) 1980; 35:95-9. [PMID: 6993289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Fuerst JF, Cox GF, Weaver SM, Duncan WC. Comparison between undecylenic acid and tolnaftate in the treatment of tinea pedis. Cutis 1980; 25:544-6, 549. [PMID: 6991217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind parallel study comparing tolnaftate cream with undecylenic acid ointment and a placebo ointment in the treatment of symptomatic tinea pedis was conducted on the warm, humid Texas Gulf Coast. In one hundred and three patients studied, both the clinical and mycological effects of the two antifungal agents were indistinguishable. Both were significantly more effective than the placebo.
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Cox GF, Jarratt M. Linear porokeratosis and other linear cutaneous eruptions of childhood. Am J Dis Child 1979; 133:1258-9. [PMID: 517477 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1979.02130120050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several distinct linear cutaneous eruptions occur in childhood. They differ in natural history, response to therapy, and association with other abnormalities that may affect the child's general well-being.
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Cox GF, Davies DD. The effect of pH on the characteristics of the binding of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from pea mitochondria. Biochem J 1970; 116:819-24. [PMID: 4315048 PMCID: PMC1185504 DOI: 10.1042/bj1160819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of pH on the V(max.) and concentration of NAD(+) at half-maximum velocity at a constant isocitrate concentration was examined, and the results were related to the requirements for binding of H(+) ions to the enzyme. 2. The effect of varying the NAD(+) concentration on the pH optimum with constant isocitrate concentration was studied. 3. A comparison has been made between the effect of isocitrate concentration on the characteristics of binding of NAD(+) and the effect of NAD(+) concentration on the characteristics of isocitrate binding at three different pH values. 4. The mechanistic and metabolic significance of these studies is considered.
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Cox GF, Davies DD. The effects of pH and citrate on the activity of nicotinamideA-denine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from pea mitochondria. Biochem J 1969; 113:813-20. [PMID: 4309595 PMCID: PMC1184771 DOI: 10.1042/bj1130813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of pH on the co-operative activation of the NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from pea mitochondria by isocitrate is shown. 2. The interlinked effects of pH on the affinity of the NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase for isocitrate and the dependence of the pH optimum on the substrate concentration are presented. 3. A consideration of the conditions of pH and substrate concentration under which citrate activates the NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase demonstrates similarities between the binding of isocitrate and citrate. 4. A comparison of the effects of citrate and pH on the gross structure of the enzyme is investigated by density-gradient centrifugation. 5. The kinetic interpretations of these results are briefly considered. 6. The metabolic significance of these studies is discussed.
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Dawson AP, Cox GF, Selwyn MJ. An effect of malate on the redox state of a cytochrome B component in mitochondria from various sources. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1968; 32:579-87. [PMID: 5682280 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cox GF, Davies DD. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from pea mitochondria. Purification and properties. Biochem J 1967; 105:729-34. [PMID: 4296325 PMCID: PMC1198371 DOI: 10.1042/bj1050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. A method of stabilizing the enzyme by using glycerol is described. 2. A purification procedure is presented giving a higher purification than previously described. 3. Data showing substrate activation and activation by citrate are presented. 4. Kinetic constants for NAD(+), NADH and certain bivalent metal ions are given. 5. Pronounced inhibitory buffer effects are described. 6. A brief comparison between the NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from peas and that from other sources is made.
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Cox GF, Davies DD. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from pea mitochondria. Biochem J 1967; 104:49P. [PMID: 4292878 PMCID: PMC1271293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bryce-Smith D, Cox GF. 209. Formation of free radicals during the preparation of organomagnesium compounds in a hydrocarbon solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9580001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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