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The Emerging Role of Microglial Hv1 as a Target for Immunomodulation in Myelin Repair. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1176-1203. [PMID: 38029392 PMCID: PMC11081154 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin sheath ensures efficient interconnection between neurons and contributes to the regulation of the proper function of neuronal networks. The maintenance of myelin and the well-organized subtle process of myelin plasticity requires cooperation among myelin-forming cells, glial cells, and neural networks. The process of cooperation is fragile, and the balance is highly susceptible to disruption by microenvironment influences. Reactive microglia play a critical and complicated role in the demyelination and remyelination process. Recent studies have shown that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is selectively expressed in microglia in CNS, which regulates intracellular pH and is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species, underlying multifaceted roles in maintaining microglia function. This paper begins by examining the molecular mechanisms of demyelination and emphasizes the crucial role of the microenvironment in demyelination. It focuses specifically on the role of Hv1 in myelin repair and its therapeutic potential in CNS demyelinating diseases.
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Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers of X(2370) as 0^{-+} from J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:181901. [PMID: 38759175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.181901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Based on (10087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'} is performed. The mass and width of the X(2370) are measured to be 2395±11(stat)_{-94}^{+26}(syst) MeV/c^{2} and 188_{-17}^{+18}(stat)_{-33}^{+124}(syst) MeV, respectively. The corresponding product branching fraction is B[J/ψ→γX(2370)]×B[X(2370)→f_{0}(980)η^{'}]×B[f_{0}(980)→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}]=(1.31±0.22(stat)_{-0.84}^{+2.85}(syst))×10^{-5}. The statistical significance of the X(2370) is greater than 11.7σ and the spin parity is determined to be 0^{-+} for the first time. The measured mass and spin parity of the X(2370) are consistent with the predictions of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball.
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3
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Observation of Structures in the Processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:161901. [PMID: 38701481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.161901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We present measurements of the Born cross sections for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2} at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s] from 4.308 to 4.951 GeV. The measurements are performed with data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.0 fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider storage ring. Assuming the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c2} signals come from a single resonance, the mass and width are determined to be M=(4413.6±9.0±0.8) MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(110.5±15.0±2.9) MeV, respectively, which is consistent with the parameters of the well-established resonance ψ(4415). In addition, we also use one single resonance to describe the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} line shape and determine the mass and width to be M=(4544.2±18.7±1.7) MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(116.1±33.5±1.7) MeV, respectively. The structure of this line shape, observed for the first time, requires further understanding.
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Coupled-Channel Analysis of the χ_{c1}(3872) Line Shape with BESIII Data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:151903. [PMID: 38682963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We perform a study of the χ_{c1}(3872) line shape using the data samples of e^{+}e^{-}→γχ_{c1}(3872), χ_{c1}(3872)→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0}, and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ collected with the BESIII detector. The effects of the coupled channels and the off-shell D^{*0} are included in the parametrization of the line shape. The line shape mass parameter is obtained to be M_{X}=(3871.63±0.13_{-0.05}^{+0.06}) MeV. Two poles are found on the first and second Riemann sheets corresponding to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} branch cut. The pole location on the first sheet is much closer to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} threshold than the other, and is determined to be 7.04±0.15_{-0.08}^{+0.07} MeV above the D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0} threshold with an imaginary part -0.19±0.08_{-0.19}^{+0.14} MeV.
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Observation of the Anomalous Shape of X(1840) in J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) Indicating a Second Resonance Near pp[over ¯] Threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:151901. [PMID: 38682972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Using a sample of (10087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events, which is about 45 times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84 GeV/c^{2} in the line shape of the 3(π^{+}π^{-}) invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, X(1840) and X(1880). The new state X(1880) is observed with a statistical significance larger than 10σ. The mass and width of X(1880) are determined to be 1882.1±1.7±0.7 MeV/c^{2} and 30.7±5.5±2.4 MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a pp[over ¯] bound state.
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Study of the f_{0}(980) and f_{0}(500) Scalar Mesons through the Decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:141901. [PMID: 38640399 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.141901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Using e^{+}e^{-} collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb^{-1} recorded by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, we present an analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}, where the D_{s}^{+} is produced via the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*±}D_{s}^{∓}. We observe the f_{0}(980) in the π^{+}π^{-} system and the branching fraction of the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} with f_{0}(980)→π^{+}π^{-} measured to be (1.72±0.13_{stat}±0.10_{syst})×10^{-3}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The dynamics of the D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} decay are studied with the simple pole parametrization of the hadronic form factor and the Flatté formula describing the f_{0}(980) in the differential decay rate, and the product of the form factor f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| is determined for the first time to be f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.017_{stat}±0.035_{syst}. Furthermore, the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e} is searched for the first time but no signal is found. The upper limit on the branching fraction of D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e}, f_{0}(500)→π^{+}π^{-} decay is set to be 3.3×10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.
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Mechanism studies for relativistic attosecond electron bunches from laser-illuminated nanotargets. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:045205. [PMID: 38755824 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.045205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
To find a way to control the electron-bunching process and the bunch-emitting directions when an ultraintense, linearly polarized laser pulse interacts with a nanoscale target, we explored the mechanisms for the periodical generation of relativistic attosecond electron bunches. By comparing the simulation results of three different target geometries, the results show that for nanofoil target, limiting the transverse target size to a small value and increasing the longitudinal size to a certain extent is an effective way to improve the total electron quantity in a single bunch. Then the subfemtosecond electronic dynamics when an ultrashort ultraintense laser grazing propagates along a nanofoil target was analyzed through particle-in-cell simulations and semiclassical analyses, which shows the detailed dynamics of the electron acceleration, radiation, and bunching process in the laser field. The analyses also show that the charge separation field produced by the ions plays a key role in the generation of electron bunches, which can be used to control the quantity of the corresponding attosecond radiation bunches by adjusting the length of the nanofoil target.
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Ultrasound-responsive spherical nucleic acid against c-Myc/PD-L1 to enhance anti-tumoral macrophages in triple-negative breast cancer progression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:698-710. [PMID: 38151609 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging breast cancer subtype because of its aggressive behavior and limited therapeutic targets. c-Myc is hyperactivated in the majority of TNBC tissues, however, it has been considered an "undruggable" target due to its disordered structure. Herein, we developed an ultrasound-responsive spherical nucleic acid (SNA) against c-Myc and PD-L1 in TNBC. It is a self-assembled and carrier-free system composed of a hydrophilic small-interfering RNA (siRNA) shell and a hydrophobic core made of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and a sonosensitizer. We accomplished significant enrichment in the tumor by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, the controllable release of effective elements by ultrasound activation, and the combination of targeted therapy, immunotherapy and physiotherapy. Our study demonstrated significant anti-tumoral effects in vitro and in vivo. Mass cytometry showed an invigorated tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by a significant alteration in the composition of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and decreased proportion of PD-1-positive (PD-1+) T effector cells after appropriate treatment of the ultrasound-responsive SNA (USNA). Further experiments verified that tumor-conditioned macrophages residing in the TME were transformed into the anti-tumoral population. Our finding offers a novel therapeutic strategy against the "undruggable" c-Myc, develops a new targeted therapy for c-Myc/PD-L1 and provides a treatment option for the TNBC.
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Observation of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} in the Amplitude Analysis of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131903. [PMID: 38613307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We perform for the first time an amplitude analysis of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η and report the observation of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} using 2.93 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector. As the only W-annihilation-free decay among D to a_{0}(980) pseudoscalar, D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} is the ideal decay in extracting the contributions of the W-emission amplitudes involving a_{0}(980) and to study the final-state interactions. The absolute branching fraction of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η is measured to be (1.27±0.04_{stat}±0.03_{syst})%. The branching fractions of intermediate processes D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} with a_{0}(980)^{+}→π^{+}η and D^{+}→π^{+}K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0} with K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0}→K_{S}^{0}η are measured to be (1.33±0.05_{stat}±0.04_{syst})% and (0.14±0.03_{stat}±0.01_{syst})%, respectively.
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Observation of Significant Flavor-SU(3) Breaking in the Kaon Wave Function at 12<Q^{2}<25 GeV^{2} and Discovery of the Charmless Decay ψ(3770)→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131901. [PMID: 38613263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present cross sections for the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0} at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.51 to 4.95 GeV using data samples collected in the BESIII experiment, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 26.5 fb^{-1}. The ratio of neutral-to-charged kaon form factors at large momentum transfers (12
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11
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Investigation of the ΔI=1/2 Rule and Test of CP Symmetry through the Measurement of Decay Asymmetry Parameters in Ξ^{-} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:101801. [PMID: 38518329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Using (10087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous Ξ^{-} and Λ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process J/ψ→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+}→Λ(pπ^{-})π^{-}Λ[over ¯](n[over ¯]π^{0})π^{+} and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of α_{Λ0} for Λ→nπ^{0} and α[over ¯]_{Λ0} for Λ[over ¯]→n[over ¯]π^{0} compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of Λ→nπ^{0} to that of Λ→pπ^{-}, ⟨α_{Λ0}⟩/⟨α_{Λ-}⟩, is determined to be 0.873±0.012_{-0.010}^{+0.011}, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than 5σ, which signifies the existence of the ΔI=3/2 transition in Λ for the first time. Besides, we test for CP symmetry in Ξ^{-}→Λπ^{-} and in Λ→nπ^{0} with the best precision to date.
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Observation of D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, Precision Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}l^{+}ν_{l}, and First Measurements of D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Decay Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:091802. [PMID: 38489649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
By analyzing 7.33 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the observation of the semileptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, with a statistical significance larger than 10σ, and the measurements of the D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} decay dynamics for the first time. The branching fractions of D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} are determined to be (2.235±0.051_{stat}±0.052_{syst})% and (0.801±0.055_{stat}±0.028_{syst})%, respectively, with precision improved by factors of 6.0 and 6.6 compared to the previous best measurements. Combined with the results for the decays D_{s}^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}e^{+}ν_{e}, the ratios of the decay widths are examined both inclusively and in several ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} four-momentum transfer ranges. No evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found within the current statistics. The products of the hadronic form factors f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| are determined. The results based on the two-parameter series expansion are f_{+,0}^{η}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.452±0.010_{stat}±0.007_{syst} and f_{+,0}^{η^{'}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.037_{stat}±0.012_{syst}, which help to constrain present models on f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0). The forward-backward asymmetries are determined to be ⟨A_{FB}^{η}⟩=-0.059±0.031_{stat}±0.005_{syst} and ⟨A_{FB}^{η^{'}}⟩=-0.064±0.079_{stat}±0.006_{syst} for the first time, which are consistent with the theoretical calculation.
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Determination of the Σ^{+} Timelike Electromagnetic Form Factors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081904. [PMID: 38457707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Based on data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process e^{+}e^{-}→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} is studied at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=2.3960, 2.6454, and 2.9000 GeV. Using a fully differential angular description of the final state particles, both the relative magnitude and phase information of the Σ^{+} electromagnetic form factors in the timelike region are extracted. The relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factors is determined to be sinΔΦ=-0.67±0.29(stat)±0.18(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.3960 GeV, ΔΦ=55°±19°(stat)±14°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.6454 GeV, and 78°±22°(stat)±9°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.9000 GeV. For the first time, the phase of the hyperon electromagnetic form factors is explored in a wide range of four-momentum transfer. The evolution of the phase along with four-momentum transfer is an important input for understanding its asymptotic behavior and the dynamics of baryons.
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First Measurement of the Decay Asymmetry in the Pure W-Boson-Exchange Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:031801. [PMID: 38307076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.031801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Based on 4.4 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.60 and 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the pure W-boson-exchange decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+} is studied with a full angular analysis. The corresponding decay asymmetry is measured for the first time to be α_{Ξ^{0}K^{+}}=0.01±0.16(stat)±0.03(syst). This result reflects the noninterference effect between the S- and P-wave amplitudes. The phase shift between S- and P-wave amplitudes has two solutions, which are δ_{p}-δ_{s}=-1.55±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst) rad or 1.59±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst) rad.
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Exploration of kiwi root on non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36852. [PMID: 38181243 PMCID: PMC10766307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwi root is a Chinese herb clinically used in the treatment of lung neoplasm; however, the multi-target mechanism of kiwi root in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of kiwi root in the treatment of NSCLC through network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. METHODS The active components and targets of kiwi root were obtained from the TCMSP database, and NSCLC-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. The intersection targets of NSCLC and kiwi root were obtained from VENNY 2.1.0. Then, the common targets were imported into the STRING database, and by using the Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, drug-disease network diagrams were created. Afterwards, the DAVID database was utilized to perform bioinformatic annotation. Finally, molecular docking of key components and key targets was performed by Autodock Tools. RESULTS A total of 4083 NSCLC-related disease genes were collected from the GeneCards, OMIM,and DrugBank databases, and 177 non-duplicated drug targets were acquired from the TCMSP database. A total of 138 intersection target genes were obtained, in which TP53, AKT1, and TNF were the key targets. CONCLUSION Through network pharmacology techniques, the mechanism of kiwi root in the treatment of NSCLC has been uncovered and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of NSCLC with kiwi root, which requires further experimental validation.
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Causal link between gut microbiota and osteoporosis analyzed via Mendelian randomization. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 28:542-555. [PMID: 38305631 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis (OP) is closely associated with gut microbiota (GM), yet the nature of their causal relationship remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to reverse causality between GM and OP by using population cohorts and two-sample MR (TSMR) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we conducted an extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) using publicly accessible summary statistics data for GM and OP. Employing rigorous criteria (p < 1*e-5), we identified independent genetic loci that exhibited significant associations with GM relative abundances as instrumental variables (IVs). A causal evaluation was primarily carried out using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by additional analyses such as MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. RESULTS We unveiled that increased abundances of the family Pasteurellaceae, order Pasteurellales, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG004 were linked to an increased risk of OP. Conversely, the family Oxalobacteraceae, unknown family id.1000006161, genus Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, unknown genus id.1000006162, and order NB1n were associated with a reduced risk of OP. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted quality assessments through Cochrane's Q test and a leave-one-out analysis. Furthermore, the stability and consistency of the results were confirmed by the MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test, and sensitivity analysis (p > 0.05). Our study reveals the causal relationships between 211 GM taxa and OP, pinpointing specific GM taxa associated with the risk of OP. This research sheds light on the genetic mechanisms that underlie GM-mediated OP and opens up promising avenues for identifying valuable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in future OP research. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a substantial GM-OP link with specific taxa being identified, offering biomarkers for early detection, tailored interventions, and improved patient education. These findings enhance OP diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, promising more effective, individualized care and inspiring future research.
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Delayed recanalization reduced neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits by enhancing liver-derived trefoil factor 3-mediated neuroprotection via LINGO2/EGFR/Src signaling pathway after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114607. [PMID: 37935323 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Delayed recanalization at days or weeks beyond the therapeutic window was shown to improve functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous preclinical study reported that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was secreted by liver after cerebral ischemia and acted a distant neuroprotective factor. Here, we investigated the liver-derived TFF3-mediated neuroprotective mechanism enhanced by delayed recanalization after AIS. A total of 327 male Sprague-Dawley rats and the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with permanent occlusion (pMCAO) or with delayed recanalization at 3 d post-occlusion (rMCAO) were used. Partial hepatectomy was performed within 5 min after MCAO. Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) siRNA was administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 h after MCAO. Recombinant rat TFF3 (rr-TFF3, 30 μg/Kg) or recombinant rat epidermal growth factor (rr-EGF, 100 μg/Kg) was administered intranasally at 1 h after recanalization, and EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib (75 mg/Kg) was administered intranasally at 30 min before recanalization. The evaluation of outcomes included neurobehavior, ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. TFF3 in hepatocytes and serum were upregulated in a similar time-dependent manner after MCAO. Compared to pMCAO, delayed recanalization increased brain TFF3 levels and attenuated brain damage with the reduction in neuronal apoptosis, infarct volume and neurological deficits. Partial hepatectomy reduced TFF3 levels in serum and ipsilateral brain hemisphere, and abolished the benefits of delayed recanalization on neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits in rMCAO rats. Intranasal rrTFF3 treatment reversed the changes associated with partial hepatectomy. Delayed recanalization after MCAO increased the co-immunoprecipitation of TFF3 and LINGO2, as well as expressions of p-EGFR, p-Src and Bcl-2 in the brain. LINGO2 siRNA knockdown or EGFR inhibitor reversed the effects of delayed recanalization on apoptosis and brain expressions of LINGO2, p-EGFR, p-Src and Bcl-2 in rMCAO rats. EGFR activator abolished the deleterious effects of LINGO2 siRNA. In conclusion, our investigation demonstrated for the first time that delayed recanalization may enhance the entry of liver-derived TFF3 into ischemic brain upon restoring blood flow after MCAO, which attenuated neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits at least in part via activating LINGO2/EGFR/Src pathway.
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Plaque Microbiome in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Teeth by Dentition. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:61-71. [PMID: 36154330 PMCID: PMC10725180 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 584 participants in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 1 (COHRA1). We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) of frozen supragingival plaque, collected 10 y prior, from 185 caries-active (enamel and dentinal) and 565 caries-free (no lesions) teeth using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were filtered using the R DADA2 package and assigned taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. RESULTS Microbiomes of caries-active and caries-free teeth were most similar in primary dentition and least similar in permanent dentition, but caries-active teeth were significantly less diverse than caries-free teeth in all dentition types. Streptococcus mutans had greater relative abundance in caries-active than caries-free teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01), as did Veillonella dispar in primary and mixed dentition (P < 0.01). Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 had significantly higher relative abundance in caries-free than caries-active teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01). In a linear mixed model adjusted for confounders, the relative abundance of S. mutans was significantly greater in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001), and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was significantly lower in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001). Adding an effect for family improved model fit for Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 but notS. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 with the caries-free state, but this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Patients' and dentists' concerns about transmission of bacteria within families causing caries should be tempered by the evidence that some shared bacteria may contribute to good oral health.
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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2024; 103:71-80. [PMID: 37982164 PMCID: PMC10850875 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231205283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of periodontal, periapical, and pulpal tissues is a complex process requiring the direct involvement of cells derived from pluripotent stem cells in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are spatially distinct with the potential to differentiate into similar functional and phenotypic cells. We aimed to identify the cell heterogeneity of DPSCs and PDLSCs and explore the differentiation potentials of their specialized organ-specific functions using single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Our results revealed 7 distinct clusters, with cluster 3 showing the highest potential for differentiation. Clusters 0 to 2 displayed features similar to fibroblasts. The trajectory route of the cell state transition from cluster 3 to clusters 0, 1, and 2 indicated the distinct nature of cell differentiation. PDLSCs had a higher proportion of cells (78.6%) at the G1 phase, while DPSCs had a higher proportion of cells at the S and G2/M phases (36.1%), mirroring the lower cell proliferation capacity of PDLSCs than DPSCs. Our study suggested the heterogeneity of stemness across PDLSCs and DPSCs, the similarities of these 2 stem cell compartments to be potentially integrated for regenerative strategies, and the distinct features between them potentially particularized for organ-specific functions of the dental pulp and periodontal ligament for a targeted regenerative dental tissue repair and other regeneration therapies.
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Test of CP Symmetry in Hyperon to Neutron Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:191802. [PMID: 38000397 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.191802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The quantum entangled J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} pairs from (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10} J/ψ events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the nonleptonic two-body weak decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-}. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} (α_{+}) and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-} (α[over ¯]_{-}) are determined to be 0.0481±0.0031_{stat}±0.0019_{syst} and -0.0565±0.0047_{stat}±0.0022_{syst}, respectively. The decay parameter α[over ¯]_{-} is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of α_{+} is improved by a factor of 4 compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of A_{CP}=(α_{+}+α[over ¯]_{-})/(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})=-0.080±0.052_{stat}±0.028_{syst}. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as ⟨α_{+}⟩=(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})/2=-0.0506±0.0026_{stat}±0.0019_{syst}, while the ratios α_{+}/α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{-}/α[over ¯]_{0} are -0.0490±0.0032_{stat}±0.0021_{syst} and -0.0571±0.0053_{stat}±0.0032_{syst}, where α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{0} are the decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→pπ^{0} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→p[over ¯]π^{0}, respectively.
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Measurement of Energy-Dependent Pair-Production Cross Section and Electromagnetic Form Factors of a Charmed Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:191901. [PMID: 38000396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.191901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the process e^{+}e^{-}→Λ_{c}^{+}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-} at twelve center-of-mass energies from 4.6119 to 4.9509 GeV using data samples collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections and effective form factors (|G_{eff}|) are determined with unprecedented precision after combining the single and double-tag methods based on the decay process Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}. Flat cross sections around 4.63 GeV are obtained and no indication of the resonant structure Y(4630), as reported by Belle, is found. In addition, no oscillatory behavior is discerned in the |G_{eff}| energy dependence of Λ_{c}^{+}, in contrast to what is seen for the proton and neutron cases. Analyzing the cross section together with the polar-angle distribution of the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon at each energy point, the moduli of electric and magnetic form factors (|G_{E}| and |G_{M}|) are extracted and separated. For the first time, the energy dependence of the form factor ratio |G_{E}/G_{M}| is observed, which can be well described by an oscillatory function.
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[Simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement and mitral balloon dilatation in patients with severe aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis: two case reports]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2023; 51:1082-1086. [PMID: 37859362 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230808-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
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Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers for the Narrow Structure near the pΛ[over ¯] Threshold in e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151901. [PMID: 37897776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A narrow structure in the pΛ[over ¯] system near the mass threshold, named as X(2085), is observed in the process e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯] with a statistical significance greater than 20σ. Its spin and parity are determined for the first time to be J^{P}=1^{+} in an amplitude analysis, with a statistical significance greater than 5σ over other quantum numbers (0^{-},1^{-} and 2^{+}). The pole positions of X(2085) are measured to be M_{pole}=(2084_{-2}^{+4}±9) MeV and Γ_{pole}=(58_{-3}^{+4}±25) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The analysis is based on the study of the process e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯] and uses the data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=4.008, 4.178, 4.226, 4.258, 4.416, and 4.682 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 8.35 fb^{-1}.
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Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} Cross Sections at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151903. [PMID: 37897771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1) MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1) MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.
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First Experimental Study of the Purely Leptonic Decay D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:141802. [PMID: 37862669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Using 7.33 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first experimental study of the purely leptonic decay D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e}. Our data contain a signal of this decay with a statistical significance of 2.9σ. The branching fraction of D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e} is measured to be (2.1_{-0.9_{stat}}^{+1.2}±0.2_{syst})×10^{-5}, corresponding to an upper limit of 4.0×10^{-5} at the 90% confidence level. Taking the total width of the D_{s}^{*+} [(0.070±0.028) keV] predicted with the radiative D_{s}^{*+} decay from the lattice QCD calculation as input, the decay constant of the D_{s}^{*+} is determined to be f_{D_{s}^{*+}}=(214_{-46_{stat}}^{+61}±44_{syst}) MeV, corresponding to an upper limit of 354 MeV at the 90% confidence level.
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Noninvasive Radiation Markers Based on Lung Cancer CT Images and Dosimetry Features to Predict the Immune Response to Radiotherapy in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e683-e684. [PMID: 37786010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) For lung cancer patients with complex conditions, doctors need to determine treatment plan in combination with changes of immune response during radiotherapy. It was urgent to find a strategy to predict immune response to intervene the treatment at an early stage. MATERIALS/METHODS The radiotherapy process and tumor microenvironment status of 105 lung cancer patients were tracked and recorded in our hospital from 2019 to 2022, public database TCGA-LUAD/LUSC queue of TCIA image data was downloaded as external verification set. Data was analyzed according to the following methods: First, the 3D slicer software was used to process the CT imageomics data, and the doseomics information was calculated by DVHmetrics package from R software. Then Python was brought in to develop a non-invasive radiation scoring system through machine learning methods (T-test, LASSO, random forest and Xgboost). Finally, combined with the clinical information related to the patient's immune response, a nomogram was made to study the correlation between the score markers and the ratio of CD4 cells/CD8 cells in the tumor microenvironment, the prognosis of lung cancer, as well as the incidence of radiation pneumonia. RESULTS The radiation markers score formula was obtained with CT imageomics and DVH dosimics features, which achieved an AUC of 0.67-0.75 in predicting CD4/CD8 condition in tumor microenvironment after radiotherapy. It was worth noticing that in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer, it was difficult to distinguish between the radiation score and the patient's survival status (P>0.05). However, we found that the radiation pneumonitis of lung cancer patients in the low score group (42.6%) was significantly higher than that in the high score group (13.4%). CONCLUSION Radiation markers score was a non-invasive method to evaluate the immune response of patients with lung cancer, which can be used to predict the incidence of radiation pneumonitis.
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Fibulin-1 Regulates Initiation of Successional Dental Lamina. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1220-1230. [PMID: 37448354 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, teeth are replaced only once, and the successional dental lamina (SDL) of the permanent tooth is maintained in a quiescent state until adolescence. Recently, we showed that biomechanical stress generated by the rapid growth of the deciduous tooth inhibits SDL development via integrin β1-RUNX2 signaling at embryonic day 60 (E60) in miniature pigs. However, the mechanism by which RUNX2 regulates SDL initiation within the SDL stem cell niche remains unclear. In the current study, we transcriptionally profiled single cells from SDL and surrounding mesenchyme at E60 and identified the landscape of cellular heterogeneity. We then identified a specific fibroblast subtype in the dental follicle mesenchyme between the deciduous tooth and the SDL of the permanent tooth (DFDP), which constitutes the inner part of the niche (deciduous tooth side). Compared with traditional dental follicle cells, the specific expression profile of DFDP was identified and found to be related to biomechanical stress. Subsequently, we found that RUNX2 could bind to the enhancer regions of Fbln1 (gene of fibulin-1), one of the marker genes for DFDP. Through gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we proved that the biomechanical stress-mediated RUNX2-fibulin-1 axis inhibits the initiation of SDL by maintaining SDL niche homeostasis.
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Clinical features of tumours and tumour-like pathologies involving the buccal fat pad. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 52:1028-1034. [PMID: 37019733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of pathologies involving the buccal fat pad (BFP) and to explore the treatment protocols. The cases of 109 patients with primary pathologies involving the BFP (pBFP) diagnosed between January 2013 and September 2021 were assessed. The patients' clinical presentations and radiological and histopathological findings were analysed retrospectively, and their treatment outcomes were evaluated. The 109 pBFP were categorized as benign tumours (n = 17), malignant tumours (n = 29), vascular malformations (n = 38), and inflammatory masses (n = 25). Of the 17 benign tumours, seven were lipomas, five were pleomorphic adenomas, three were solitary fibrous tumours, and two were other tumours. The 29 malignant tumours included five adenoid cystic carcinomas, six mucoepidermoid carcinomas, three synovial sarcomas, and 15 other tumours. Of the 38 vascular malformations, 37 were venous and one was arteriovenous. Regarding the inflammatory masses, the lesions appeared after cosmetic facial botulinum toxin injection in 13 cases and after other cosmetic facial procedures in five. The upper body of the BFP was the most frequently involved site (79/109), while other frequently involved sites were the lower body (67/109) and the masseteric (41/109), temporal (32/109), and pterygopalatine (30/109) extensions.
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Cost-Effectiveness of Short-Course Radiotherapy Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in China. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e356-e357. [PMID: 37785230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The phase III STELLAR (NCT02533271) trial demonstrated that four cycles of chemotherapy after short-course radiotherapy (SCRT-TNT) were not inferior to the standard care of long-course concurrent radiotherapy (LCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of SCRT-TNT versus LCRT in locally advanced rectal cancer in China on the basis of the STELLAR trial. MATERIALS/METHODS A Markov model was used to synthesize the healthcare costs and benefits of LARC patients based on results from the STELLAR trial. The model assumes that LARC who meet the inclusion criteria of the STELLAR trial experience four possible states: No Evidence of Disease (NED), locally recurrence, distant metastases, or any death from rectal cancer or other unrelated causes, where local recurrence continues to be classified as resectable and unresectable. The transition status period is 3 month, and 5 years is used to calculate direct medical costs and health benefits. The probabilities of states transition after SCRT-TNT or LCRT were derived from the results of the STELLAR trial and previous published article (Table.1). Costs were evaluated from the Chinese payer's perspective reported in early 2022 US dollars (US$1 = 6.78 Chinese Yuan). Sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefits. Effectiveness was defined as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at $43500/QALY. Data were collected from October 3, 2020, to September 20, 2021, and analyzed from November 15, 2020, to October 25, 2021. RESULTS During the 5-year horizon, for the base case scenario, SCRT-TNT incurred a lower total cost and higher QALYs compared with LCCRT. The total cost was $65767 and QALYs were 1.77 for SCRT-TNT; for LCCRT, the total cost was $72802 and QALYs were 1.64. This resulted in an ICER of -$ 55470.69 per QALY. Therefore, SCRT-TNT was a cost-saving and dominating treatment strategy compared with LCRT. Sensitivity analysis showed that ICERs were most sensitive to the parameters of distant metastases risk after treatment. CONCLUSION SCRT-TNT in locally advanced rectal cancer can be a cost-effective alternative to LCRT in China, and should be considered in appropriately selected patients.
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Search for Λ[over ¯]-Λ Baryon-Number-Violating Oscillations in the Decay J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:121801. [PMID: 37802947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first search for Λ[over ¯]-Λ oscillations in the decay J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c. by analyzing 1.31×10^{9} J/ψ events accumulated with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The J/ψ events are produced using e^{+}e^{-} collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt[s]=3.097 GeV. No evidence for hyperon oscillations is observed. The upper limit for the oscillation rate of Λ[over ¯] to Λ hyperons is determined to be P(Λ)=[B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ+c.c.)/B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c.)]<4.4×10^{-6} corresponding to an oscillation parameter δm_{ΛΛ[over ¯]} of less than 3.8×10^{-18} GeV at the 90% confidence level.
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[Cone-beam CT imaging features of common cystic lesions associated with the impacted mandibular third molar]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2023; 58:913-918. [PMID: 37659849 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230702-00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the imaging features of cone-beam CT (CBCT) of ameloblastoma (AB), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cysts (DC) associated with the mandibular impacted third molars,so as to provide useful information for differential diagnosis of these lesions. Methods: The patients who were with complete clinical data, pathological diagnosis and CBCT images from AB, OKC and DC around the mandibular impacted third molars were collected in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from August 2016 to December 2021. A total of 109 patients (14 were diagnosed as AB, 23 were diagnosed as OKC and the others were diagnosed as dental cysts) were collected, including 73 males and 36 females. The age ranged from 11 to 70. The analyzed imaging features included location and internal density of the lesions, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and types of the impacted teeth. The Chi square test was used to compare the gender of different lesions, and the Fisher's exact test was used to compare imaging features of lesions. When P<0.05, there was a significant difference among the three. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the imaging features that significantly contribute to correct imaging diagnosis. Corresponding P-values were calculated for all factors from multivariate models. Results: In the 23 cases of OKC, no special location was observed for the center of the lesion, heterogeneous high-density were seen in 21.7% of the cases, 56.5% of the cases had no significant bone expansion and the impacted teeth were not specially oriented. Among the 14 AB, 7 cases (7/14) were mainly located in the ramus of the mandible, and all cases (14/14) had buccal/lingual expansion of the jaw, 8 cases (8/14) presented root resorption of the adjacent teeth, and mesial impacted mandibular third molar were seen in 6 cases (6/14). Among the 72 DC, 88.9% (64/72) of the cases were mainly limited to the crown of the impacted third molar, 72.2% (52/72) of the cases had no obvious bone expansion, inverted impacted teeth were shown in 56.9% (41/72) of the cases. There was a significant difference among the three groups (χ2=7.30, P=0.026) in gender. AB and odontogenic cyst were more common in men than in women, while the incidence of OKC was roughly equal between men and women.There were significant differences in the location (P<0.001), internal density (P=0.001) of the lesions, bone expansion (P<0.001) and types of the impacted teeth (P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found for root resorption of adjacent teeth (P=0.153). Logistics regression analysis showed that the location of the lesion, internal density, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and the types of impacted teeth had significant effects on the accurate diagnosis of the three kinds of lesions. Conclusions: Location, internal density, bone expansion and types of the impacted teeth played an important role in the correct imaging diagnosis. Further analysis indicates that when the classification of impacted teeth and the location of lesions are considered synchronously, DC can be differentiated from AB and OKC.
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Learning Intention-Aware Policies in Deep Reinforcement Learning. Neural Comput 2023; 35:1657-1677. [PMID: 37523456 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides an agent with an optimal policy so as to maximize the cumulative rewards. The policy defined in DRL mainly depends on the state, historical memory, and policy model parameters. However, we humans usually take actions according to our own intentions, such as moving fast or slow, besides the elements included in the traditional policy models. In order to make the action-choosing mechanism more similar to humans and make the agent to select actions that incorporate intentions, we propose an intention-aware policy learning method in this letter To formalize this process, we first define an intention-aware policy by incorporating the intention information into the policy model, which is learned by maximizing the cumulative rewards with the mutual information (MI) between the intention and the action. Then we derive an approximation of the MI objective that can be optimized efficiently. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the intention-aware policy in the classical MuJoCo control task and the multigoal continuous chain walking task.
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[Short-term outcome of patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement receiving different anticoagulants]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2023; 51:838-843. [PMID: 37583332 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230629-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of different anticoagulants in patients with indications for anticoagulation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients who underwent TAVR from April 2016 to February 2022 in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and had indications for anticoagulation were included and divided into two groups according to the type of anticoagulants, i.e. non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and warfarin, and patients were followed up for 30 days. The primary endpoint was the combination of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, valve thrombosis, intracardiac thrombosis and major bleeding. The incidence of endpoints was compared between two groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to adjust the bias of potential confounders. Results: A total of 80 patients were included. Mean age was (74.4±7.1) years, 43 (53.8%) were male. Forty-nine (61.3%) patients used NOAC, 31 used warfarin, and major indication for anticoagulants was atrial fibrillation (76/80, 95.0%). The adjusted risks of the primary endpoint (OR=0.23, 95%CI 0.06-0.94, P=0.040) of NOAC were lower than that of warfarin, mainly driven by a lower risk of major bleeding (OR=0.19, 95%CI 0.04-0.92, P=0.039). Conclusions: The short-term outcome of NOAC is better than that of warfarin in patients with indications for anticoagulation after TAVR. Randomized controlled trials of large sample size with long-term follow-up are needed to further testify this finding.
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Homocysteine impedes neurite outgrowth recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage by downregulating pCAMK2A. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:335-348. [PMID: 36854487 PMCID: PMC10512087 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is independently associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH); however, the effect and mechanisms of HHcy on ICH are still unclear. Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. Collectively, we clarify the mechanism of HHcy-hindered neurite outgrowth recovery, and pCAMK2A may serve as a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery after ICH.
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The impact of CFTR modulator triple therapy on type 2 inflammatory response in patients with cystic fibrosis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:66. [PMID: 37525180 PMCID: PMC10391773 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) has been revolutionized by the use of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators such as elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) triple therapy. Prior studies support a role for type 2 (T2) inflammation in many people with CF (PwCF) and CF-asthma overlap syndrome (CFAOS) is considered a separate clinical entity. It is unknown whether initiation of ETI therapy impacts T2 inflammation in PwCF. We hypothesized that ETI initiation decreases T2 inflammation in PwCF. METHODS A single center retrospective chart review was conducted for adult PwCF. As markers of T2 inflammation, absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) data were collected longitudinally 12 months prior to ETI therapy initiation and 12 months following therapy initiation. Multivariable analyses adjusted for the age, gender, CFTR mutation, disease severity, inhaled steroid use, and microbiological colonization. RESULTS There was a statistically significant reduction (20.10%, p < 0.001) in 12-month mean total IgE following ETI initiation; this change remained statistically significant in the multivariate model. The longitudinal analysis demonstrated no change in AEC following therapy initiation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that there is a statistically significant percent reduction in mean total IgE but no change in AEC following ETI initiation. ETI may lead to decreased antigen and superantigen load in the airway as a result of improved mucociliary clearance and these changes may drive the decline in total IgE, without influencing the epigenetic drivers of eosinophilic inflammation. Further studies are warranted to determine the underlying mechanism of ETI impact on T2 inflammation and possible role for asthma immunomodulator therapy post ETI initiation in CFAOS.
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[Quality assessment indictors and benchmarks for pancreatic surgery]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2023; 61:562-566. [PMID: 37402684 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20221229-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic surgery is the most complex type of abdominal surgery,with high technical requirements and long learning curve,and the quality of surgery is directly related to the prognosis of the patients. In recent years,more and more indicators have been used to evaluate the quality of pancreatic surgery,such as operation time,intraoperative blood loss,morbidity,mortality, prognosis and so on,and different evaluation systems have been established,including benchmarking,auditing,outcome evaluation based on risk factor adjustment and textbook outcomes. Among them,the benchmark is the most widely used to evaluate surgical quality and is expected to become the standard for comparison among peers. This article reviews existing quality evaluation indicators and benchmarks for pancreatic surgery and anticipates its future application prospects.
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First Study of Reaction Ξ^{0}n→Ξ^{-}p Using Ξ^{0}-Nucleus Scattering at an Electron-Positron Collider. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:251902. [PMID: 37418739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Using (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ^{0}n→Ξ^{-}p is studied, where the Ξ^{0} baryon is produced in the process J/ψ→Ξ^{0}Ξ[over ¯]^{0} and the neutron is a component of the ^{9}Be, ^{12}C, and ^{197}Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1σ. The cross section of the reaction Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be is determined to be σ(Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be)=(22.1±5.3_{stat}±4.5_{sys}) mb at the Ξ^{0} momentum of 0.818 GeV/c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξ^{-}p final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
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Measurements of Normalized Differential Cross Sections of Inclusive π^{0} and K_{S}^{0} Production in e^{+}e^{-} Annihilation at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:231901. [PMID: 37354421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.231901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on electron positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage rings, the differential cross sections of inclusive π^{0} and K_{S}^{0} production as a function of hadron momentum, normalized by the total cross section of the e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons process, are measured at six center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. Our results, which cover a relative hadron energy range from 0.1 to 0.9, significantly deviate from several theoretical calculations based on existing fragmentation functions.
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Enabling early detection of knee osteoarthritis using diffusion-relaxation correlation spectrum imaging. Clin Radiol 2023:S0009-9260(23)00224-6. [PMID: 37336674 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To present a technique that enables detection of early stage OA of the knee using diffusion-relaxation correlation spectrum imaging (DR-CSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five early osteoarthritis patients (OA, Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] score 1 to 2; mean age, 56.4 years) and 49 healthy volunteers (mean age, 56.7 years) were underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T2-mapping and DR-CSI techniques. Maps of mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2 relaxation time and volume fraction Vi for DR-CSI compartment i (A, B, C, D) sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR) were assessed to determine the diagnostic accuracy for detection of early-stage degeneration of knee articular cartilage. The structural abnormalities of articular cartilage were evaluated using modified Whole-Organ MR Imaging Scores (WORMS). RESULTS All intra- and interobserver agreements for DR-CSI compartment volume fractions and modified WORMS of cartilage were excellent. Early OA versus the controls had higher VC, lower VA and VB (p<0.001), but comparable VD (p>0.05). VA, VB and VC had a moderate association with WORMS. No significant correlation was identified between VD and WORMS. VC had better ability than VA,VB, VD, T2 and ADC to discriminate early OA patients from healthy controls (area under the curve, 0.898). Sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of VC with a cut-off value of 29.9% were 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.1-90.9%), 95.9% (86-99.5%), 20.05% (5.13-78.34%), and 0.19% (0.11-0.33%). CONCLUSIONS DR-CSI compartment volume fractions may be sensitive indicators for detecting early-stage degeneration in knee articular cartilage.
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[Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery in the treatment of isolated non-syndromic sagittal synostosis in infants]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:1860-1863. [PMID: 37271586 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221215-02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the early efficacy in infants with isolated non-syndromic sagittal synostosis who underwent minimally invasive endoscopic-assisted surgery. The clinical data of infants with isolated non-syndromic sagittal synostosis who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and underwent endoscopic-assisted surgery from October 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the infants underwent minimally invasive endoscopic-assisted surgery, and were treated with supine sleeping position after surgery. Computer-aided reconstruction technique was used to reconstruct and measure the thin-slice CT scan images of the head before and 3 months after surgery, and the differences in cranial index (CI), cranial cavity volume and angle drawn between the cranial vertex, nasion, and opisthocranion (VNO angle) of preoperative and postoperative groups were analyzed. A total of 103 infants were included in the final analysis, including 85 males and 18 females. The age at surgery was (2.1±0.8) months, and the weight was (6.1±0.9) kg. The postoperative CI was (84±6)%, which increased obviously compared with the pre-operation [(70±5)%] (P<0.001). The cranial volume of post-operation was (947±130) cm³, which was larger than that of the pre-operation [(748±104) cm³] (P<0.001). The VNO angle after surgery was (45±4)°, which showed a significant reduction compared with the pre-operation [(55±4)°] (P<0.001). The correction of head shape was satisfactory. For the treatment of sagittal synostosis in infants, minimally invasive endoscopic-assisted surgery is safe and effective, and in the case of switching from an auxiliary helmet to a supine position, the postoperative correction efficacy of head shape is better.
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Precision Measurement of the Decay Σ^{+}→pγ in the Process J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:211901. [PMID: 37295102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.211901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using (10 087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the radiative hyperon decay Σ^{+}→pγ is studied at an electron-positron collider experiment for the first time. The absolute branching fraction is measured to be (0.996±0.021_{stat}±0.018_{syst})×10^{-3}, which is lower than its world average value by 4.2 standard deviations. Its decay asymmetry parameter is determined to be -0.652±0.056_{stat}±0.020_{syst}. The branching fraction and decay asymmetry parameter are the most precise to date, and the accuracies are improved by 78% and 34%, respectively.
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Diagnostic investigation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106172. [PMID: 37230257 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine with the typical clinical presentations of arthritis and polyserositis in postweaning pigs. However, it has also been associated with conjunctivitis and otitis media, and recently has been isolated from meningeal swabs and/or cerebrospinal fluid of piglets with neurological signs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of M. hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs. The presence of M. hyorhinis was evaluated in a clinical outbreak and a six-year retrospective study by qPCR detection, bacteriological culture, in situ hybridization (RNAscope®), and phylogenetic analysis and with immunohistochemistry characterization of the inflammatory response associated with its infection. M. hyorhinis was confirmed by bacteriological culture and within central nervous system lesions by in situ hybridization on animals with neurological signs during the clinical outbreak. The isolates from the brain had close genetic similarities from those previously reported and isolated from eye, lung, or fibrin. Nevertheless, the retrospective study confirmed by qPCR the presence of M. hyorhinis in 9.9% of cases reported with neurological clinical signs and histological lesions of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. M. hyorhinis mRNA was confirmed within cerebrum, cerebellum, and choroid plexus lesions by in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) with a positive rate of 72.7%. Here we present strong evidence that M. hyorhinis should be included as a differential etiology in pigs with neurological signs and central nervous system inflammatory lesions.
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[Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical decortication for stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2023; 46:474-479. [PMID: 37147809 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20221224-00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and feasibility of "double-portal" video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical(VATS) decortication among patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema, and then to evaluate the recovery of chest deformity. Method: This study was a single center retrospective study. A total of 49 patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema who underwent VATS pleural decortication at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 2017 and April 2021 were enrolled, including 38 males, and 11 females, aged 13-60 (27.5±10.4) years. The safety and feasibility of VATS were further evaluated. The inner circumference of the chest on sternal and xiphoid planes on chest CT scans before and 1, 3, 6, 12months after decortication were collected through the measuring software of the CT. The samples in-pair test was used to compare the changes in the chest to reflect the recovery of the chest deformity. Results: In the 49 patients, The surgical time was (186±61) min, and the volume of blood loss was (366±267) ml. There were 8 cases (16.33%) with postoperative complications during the perioperative period. Constant air leak and pneumonia were the main postoperative complications. No relapse of empyema or dissemination of tuberculosis occured during the period of follow-up. Before surgery, the inner thoracic circumference of the thorax at the level of the carina plane was (655±54) mm, and the inner thoracic circumference of the thorax at the level of the xiphoid plane was (720±69) mm. Patients were followed for 12-36 months. The inner thoracic circumference of the thoracic cavity at the level of carina was (666±51), (667±47) and (671±47) mm at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months after operation, which were significantly larger than that at the level of carina before operation (all P<0.05). The inner thoracic circumference diameter of the thoracic cavity measured at the xiphoid level at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the operation was (730±65), (733±63) and (735±63) mm respectively(all P<0.05).The inner thoracic circumference of the thoracic cavity increased significantly than that before surgery (P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, there was significant difference in the improvement of the inner thoracic circumference of the carina plane in patients with age less than 20 years and FEV1% less than 80% (P=0.015, P=0.003). The improvement in the inner thoracic circumference of the carina plane in patients with pleural thickening≥8 mm compared with those with less than 8 mm was not statistically different(P=0.070). Conclusions: For some patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema, pleural decortication under thoracoscopy is safe and feasible, and can significantly restore the inner thoracic circumference of the patient's chest, improve the collapse of the patient's chest, and have significant clinical effect. The "double-portal VATS" surgical technology has the advantage of less trauma, wide operation field, large operation space and is easy to master, which is worth further exploring for clinical application.
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Modifiable predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and roles of insulin resistance and β-cell function over a 6-year study and 30-year follow-up. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:883-891. [PMID: 36219314 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the modifiable predictors of T2DM and the roles of insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function over a 6-year study and 30-year follow-up. METHODS A total of 462 non-diabetic participants, 282 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 180 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this analysis. The Matsuda IR index and area under the curve of insulin-to-glucose ratio (AUCI/G-R) were used as IR and β-cell function indices in the analysis. RESULTS In all participants, multivariable analysis showed that BMI, glucose status, Matsuda IR index and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline were independently associated with an increased risk of T2DM over 30 years, whereas lifestyle intervention and AUCI/G-R were inversely associated with this risk. The predictive effect of the Matsuda IR index and AUCI/G-R in participants with IGT was consistent with the results of all participants, whereas in those with NGT, only the Matsuda IR index, not the AUCI/G-R, predicted the development of T2DM (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.89 vs HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.76-1.56). The predictive effect of the Matsuda IR index on T2DM existed even in participants with BMI < 25 (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION The modifiable predictors of T2DM in Chinese adults were high BMI, hypertension, mild hyperglycaemia, IR, and β-cell dysfunction. Both IR and β-cell function contributed to the development of T2DM in the long term; however, IR remains the initial and long-standing key risk factor for T2DM.
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[Clinical value of nomogram model in evaluating the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma after interventional therapy]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:1217-1224. [PMID: 37087405 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221124-02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical value and efficacy of the nomogram model in evaluating the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma after interventional therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 259 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who received interventional therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of zhengzhou University from January 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 148 males and 111 females, aged from 26 to 91 (65±12) years. They were randomly divided into a training group (181 cases) and a validation group (78 cases) in a ratio of 7∶3. Cox regression analysis was performed in the training group, independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were screened, and a nomogram for 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was analyzed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value, calibration curve, and decision curve, and the predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated in the validation group. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the training group and the validation group, which was comparable. Regression analysis showed that T stage (T2: HR=0.147,95%CI: 0.077-0.281;T3: HR=0.207,95%CI: 0.122-0.351;T4: HR=0.864,95%CI: 0.537-1.393), tumor diameter (17-33 mm: HR=0.201,95%CI: 0.119-0.341;≥33 mm: HR=0.795,95%CI: 0.521-1.211) and differentiation degree(middle differentiation: HR=3.318,95%CI: 2.082-5.289;highly differentiation: HR=1.842,95%CI: 1.184-2.867) were risk factors affecting the prognosis of interventional therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. The AUC values of the survival curve prediction models were generally consistent between the training and validation groups, and the AUC values of the training group at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 0.925 (95%CI: 0.888-0.963), 0.921 (95%CI: 0.877-0.964) and 0.974 (95%CI: 0.957-0.993), respectively. In the validation group, the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year AUC values were 0.951 (95%CI: 0.911-0.991), 0.917 (95%CI: 0.857-0.977) and 0.848 (95%CI: 0.737-0.959), respectively, and the AUC values were all greater than 0.8, suggesting that the nomogram had better discrimination ability. The calibration curves of the prediction models of the two groups were basically consistent, and the shape of the calibration curves at 6 months and 1 year fitted the ideal curve, while the fitting degree of the calibration curves at 2 years was relatively poor. The decision curve showed the high clinical utility of this nomogram in predicting the 6-month, 1-year survival of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: T stage, tumor diameter, and differentiation are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with interventional cholangiocarcinoma, and the nomogram model proposed in this study has good distinguishing ability and exact clinical value for prognosis evaluation.
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Measurements of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Neutron for Timelike Momentum Transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:151905. [PMID: 37115883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.151905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron in the timelike (positive q^{2}) region as function of four-momentum transfer. We explored the differential cross sections of the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→n[over ¯]n with data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 354.6 pb^{-1} in total at twelve center-of-mass energies between sqrt[s]=2.0-2.95 GeV. A relative uncertainty of 18% and 12% for the electric and magnetic form factors, respectively, is achieved at sqrt[s]=2.3935 GeV. Our results are comparable in accuracy to those from electron scattering in the comparable spacelike region of four-momentum transfer. The electromagnetic form factor ratio R_{em}≡|G_{E}|/|G_{M}| is within the uncertainties close to unity. We compare our result on |G_{E}| and |G_{M}| to recent model predictions, and the measurements in the spacelike region to test the analyticity of electromagnetic form factors.
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Observation of a New X(3872) Production Process e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:151904. [PMID: 37115900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.151904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using 4.7 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data at center-of-mass energies from 4.661 to 4.951 GeV collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we observe the X(3872) production process e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872) for the first time. The significance is 7.8σ, including both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872) Born cross section and the corresponding upper limit at 90% confidence level at each energy point are reported. The line shape of the cross section indicates that the ωX(3872) signals may be from the decays of some nontrivial structures.
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Exploration at the network pharmacology level of possible targeting mechanisms of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma for the treatment of osteoporosis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:3681-3698. [PMID: 37140318 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_32165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma (SGR) on osteoporosis at the level of network pharmacology, and to find new targets and mechanisms of SGR in the treatment of osteoporosis, to better find new drugs and their clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the original network pharmacology mode, we used an improved mode, such as screening the ingredients and targets of SGR through tools such as GEO database, Autodock Vina, and GROMACS. Through molecular docking, we conducted further screening for the targets acting on the effective ingredients of SGR, and finally we performed molecular dynamics simulation and consulted a large amount of related literature for the validation of the results. RESULTS By screening and validating the data, we finally confirmed that there were mainly 10 active ingredients in SGR, which were isoeruboside b, smilagenin, diosgenin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, sodium taurocholate, sitogluside, 4,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-8-formyl-flavan, simiglaside B, and simiglaside E, and mainly acted on eleven targets. These targets mainly exert therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by regulating 20 signaling pathways including Th17 cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study successfully explains the effective mechanism by which SGR ameliorates osteoporosis while predicting the potential targets NFKB1 and CTSK of SGR for the treatment of osteoporosis, which provides a novel basis for investigating the mechanism of action of new Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) at the network pharmacology level and a great support for subsequent studies on osteoporosis.
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[Safety and efficacy of the early administration of levosimendan in patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and elevated NT-proBNP levels: An Early Management Strategy of Acute Heart Failure (EMS-AHF)]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2023; 62:374-383. [PMID: 37032132 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220420-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
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Observation of Three Charmoniumlike States with J^{PC}=1^{--} in e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:121901. [PMID: 37027853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Born cross sections of the process e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+} at center-of-mass energies from 4.189 to 4.951 GeV are measured for the first time. The data samples used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 fb^{-1} and were collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Three enhancements around 4.20, 4.47, and 4.67 GeV are visible. The resonances have masses of 4209.6±4.7±5.9 MeV/c^{2}, 4469.1±26.2±3.6 MeV/c^{2}, and 4675.3±29.5±3.5 MeV/c^{2} and widths of 81.6±17.8±9.0 MeV, 246.3±36.7±9.4 MeV, and 218.3±72.9±9.3 MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The first and third resonances are consistent with the ψ(4230) and ψ(4660) states, respectively, while the second one is compatible with the ψ(4500) observed in the e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}J/ψ process. These three charmoniumlike ψ states are observed in the e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+} process for the first time.
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