1
|
Moccia M, Affinito G, Marrazzo G, Ciarambino T, Di Procolo P, Confalonieri L, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Utilization of Ocrelizumab within Different Treatment Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis: A 5-Year Population-Based Study. Neurol Int 2024; 16:394-405. [PMID: 38668126 PMCID: PMC11054722 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to provide up-to-date real-world evidence on the persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization, and costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing ocrelizumab to other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and within different DMT sequences. METHODS We included 3371 people with MS who first received or switched DMT prescriptions from January 2018 to December 2022; they were identified through hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, and exemption codes from the Campania Region (South Italy). We calculated persistence (time from the first prescription to discontinuation or switching to another DMT), adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)), DMT costs, and MS hospital admissions and related costs. RESULTS The most frequently prescribed DMT was dimethyl fumarate (n = 815; age 38.90 ± 11.91 years; 69.5% females), followed by ocrelizumab (n = 682; age 46.46 ± 11.29 years; 56.3%); 28.8% of the patients treated with ocrelizumab were naïve to DMTs. Using ocrelizumab as a statistical reference, the risk of discontinuation was higher for other highly active (HR = 6.32; 95%CI = 3.16, 12.63; p < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (HR = 10.10; 95%CI = 5.10, 19.77; p < 0.01); adherence was lower for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = -0.07; 95%CI = -0.10, -0.04; p < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -0.16; 95%CI = -0.19, -0.14; p < 0.01). monthly DMT costs were higher for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 77.45; 95%CI = 29.36, 125.53; p < 0.01) but lower for low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -772.31; 95%CI = -816.95, -727.66; p < 0.01). The hospital admissions and related costs of MS were similar between ocrelizumab, other highly active DMTs, and other low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, and with ocrelizumab as the first-line DMT after other highly active DMTs and after low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, which was possibly due to the low number of observations. CONCLUSIONS From 2018 to 2022, ocrelizumab was among the most frequently prescribed DMTs, with 28.8% prescriptions to incident MS patients, confirming its relevance in clinical practice. Ocrelizumab was associated with the highest persistence and adherence, pointing towards its favorable benefit-risk profile. The costs of ocrelizumab were lower than those of other highly active DMTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (V.B.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (M.T.); (R.P.)
| | | | - Tiziana Ciarambino
- General Directorate for Healthcare Protection and Management of the Regional Healthcare Service, Strategic Management Office, Caserta Healthcare Authority, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | | | | | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (V.B.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (V.B.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (M.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (V.B.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (M.T.); (R.P.)
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London W6 8RP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moccia M, Affinito G, Berera G, Marrazzo G, Piscitelli R, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization and costs for ocrelizumab in the real-world of the Campania Region of Italy. J Neurol 2022; 269:6504-6511. [PMID: 35953597 PMCID: PMC9618479 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims We aim to provide real-world evidence on the use of ocrelizumab for treating multiple sclerosis (MS), with specific regard to prescription pattern, adherence, persistence, healthcare resource utilization and related costs, also in relation to other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). Methods We included 2495 people with MS from the Campania Region (South Italy) who received first or switch DMT prescription from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020, and with at least 6-month follow-up. We collected hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, and related costs, and calculated persistence (time from first prescription to discontinuation or switch to other DMT), adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)), annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) for MS-related hospital admissions, and DMT costs. Results Ocrelizumab was the most commonly prescribed DMT (n = 399; age = 45.74 ± 10.98 years; females = 224), after dimethyl fumarate (n = 588) and fingolimod (n = 401); 26% patients treated with ocrelizumab were naïve. When compared with ocrelizumab, the risk of discontinuation was higher for other highly active DMTs (HR = 3.78; p = 0.01), and low/medium efficacy DMTs (HR = 7.59; p < 0.01). When compared with ocrelizumab, PDC was similar to other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.31), but higher for low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = 0.09; p < 0.01). When compared with ocrelizumab, AHR was similar to other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.51), and low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.55). When compared with ocrelizumab, DMT monthly costs were higher for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 92.30; p < 0.01), but lower for low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = − 1043.61; p < 0.01). Discussion Ocrelizumab was among the most frequently prescribed DMTs, with 26% prescriptions to treatment-naïve patients, suggesting its relevance in addressing unmet clinical needs (e.g., first approved treatment for primary progressive MS). Ocrelizumab was associated with the highest persistence, confirming its favorable benefit-risk profile. Costs for ocrelizumab were lower than those associated to similarly effective DMTs, in absence of changes in healthcare resource utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Berera
- ROCHE Spa, Viale GB Stucchi 110, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Longhini F, Pelaia C, Garofalo E, Bruni A, Placida R, Iaquinta C, Arrighi E, Perri G, Procopio G, Cancelliere A, Rovida S, Marrazzo G, Pelaia G, Navalesi P. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for outpatients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2021; 77:58-64. [PMID: 33927023 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provides benefits to patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy (FOB). We compared the effects of HFNC versus standard therapy (ST) on gas exchange, lung volume and diaphragm function in patients undergoing FOB for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). METHODS 36 outpatients were randomised to ST or HFNC. Arterial blood gases, episodes of severe desaturation, changes of end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI), diaphragm ultrasound were recorded. Measurements were done at baseline (T0), after bronchoscope insertion (T1), at the end of the procedure (T2) and 10 min afterwards (T3). RESULTS Arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was not different between T0 (10.8 (95% CI 8.7 to 12.0) kPa and T2 (11.1 (95% CI 10.4 to 12.0) kPa) with HFNC, while decreased from 11.1 (95% CI 10.5 to 12.1) to 9.1 (95% CI 8.4 to 9.8) kPa with ST. At T2, PaO2 was significantly higher with HFNC than with ST (p<0.001). Also, with HFNC, compared with ST, fewer desaturations occurred (11% vs 56%; p<0.01). ΔEELI was no different at the different time points with HFNC, while with ST there was a significant decrease at T1 (-170 (95% CI -382 to -32) mL, p=0.003), T2 (-211 (95% CI -425 to -148) mL, p<0.001) and T3 (-213 (95% CI -398 to -81) mL, p<0.001), as opposed to T0. EELI was lower with ST than HFNC at T1 (p=0.006), T2 (p=0.001) and T3 (p=0.002). Diaphragm displacement was no different between groups (p=0.748), while the thickening fraction significantly increased at T1 and T2 with ST only (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS During FOB for BAL, HFNC improves gas exchange, avoiding loss of end-expiratory lung volume and preventing increase of diaphragm activation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04016480.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Longhini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Placida
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Iaquinta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Arrighi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graziella Perri
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Cancelliere
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trecarichi EM, Mazzitelli M, Serapide F, Pelle MC, Tassone B, Arrighi E, Perri G, Fusco P, Scaglione V, Davoli C, Lionello R, La Gamba V, Marrazzo G, Busceti MT, Giudice A, Ricchio M, Cancelliere A, Lio E, Procopio G, Costanzo FS, Foti DP, Matera G, Torti C. Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 in elderly patients from a long-term care facility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20834. [PMID: 33257703 PMCID: PMC7705720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread from China all over the world and many COVID-19 outbreaks have been reported in long-term care facilities (LCTF). However, data on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in such settings are scarce. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess clinical characteristics and baseline predictors of mortality of COVID-19 patients hospitalized after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a LTCF. A total of 50 patients were included. Mean age was 80 years (SD, 12 years), and 24/50 (57.1%) patients were males. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 32%. At Cox regression analysis, significant predictors of in-hospital mortality were: hypernatremia (HR 9.12), lymphocyte count < 1000 cells/µL (HR 7.45), cardiovascular diseases other than hypertension (HR 6.41), and higher levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) (HR 1.005). Our study shows a high in-hospital mortality rate in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19 and hypernatremia, lymphopenia, CVD other than hypertension, and higher IL-6 serum levels were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Given the small population size as major limitation of our study, further investigations are necessary to better understand and confirm our findings in elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Mazzitelli
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelle
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tassone
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Arrighi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graziella Perri
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scaglione
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Davoli
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina La Gamba
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Ricchio
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Cancelliere
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Lio
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Procopio
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iaffaldano P, Lucisano G, Patti F, Brescia Morra V, De Luca G, Lugaresi A, Zaffaroni M, Inglese M, Salemi G, Cocco E, Conte A, Ferraro D, Galgani S, Bergamaschi R, Pozzilli C, Salvetti M, Lus G, Rovaris M, Maniscalco GT, Logullo FO, Paolicelli D, Achille M, Marrazzo G, Lovato V, Comi G, Filippi M, Amato MP, Trojano M. Transition to secondary progression in relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis: Definitions and risk factors. Mult Scler 2020; 27:430-438. [PMID: 33210986 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520974366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No uniform criteria for a sensitive identification of the transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) are available. OBJECTIVE To compare risk factors of SPMS using two definitions: one based on the neurologist judgment (ND) and an objective data-driven algorithm (DDA). METHODS Relapsing-onset MS patients (n = 19,318) were extracted from the Italian MS Registry. Risk factors for SPMS and for reaching irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6.0, after SP transition, were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS SPMS identified by the DDA (n = 2343, 12.1%) were older, more disabled and with a faster progression to severe disability (p < 0.0001), than those identified by the ND (n = 3868, 20.0%). In both groups, the most consistent risk factors (p < 0.05) for SPMS were a multifocal onset, an age at onset >40 years, higher baseline EDSS score and a higher number of relapses; the most consistent protective factor was the disease-modifying therapy (DMT) exposure. DMT exposure during SP did not impact the risk of reaching irreversible EDSS 6.0. CONCLUSION A DDA definition of SPMS identifies more aggressive progressive patients. DMT exposure reduces the risk of SPMS conversion, but it does not prevent the disability accumulation after the SP transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Iaffaldano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy/Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate, GF Ingrassia, Sez. Neuroscienze, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Center, Department of Neuroscience (NSRO), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Clinica Neurologica, Policlinico SS Annunziata, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugaresi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Riabilitazione Sclerosi Multipla, Bologna, Italy/Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaffaroni
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, S.Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica E Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Genova, Italy/Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department Medical Science and Public health, University of Cagliari/ Centro Sclerosi Multipla, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy/IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Diana Ferraro
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. Agostino/Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Galgani
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla-Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Pozzilli
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, S.Andrea Hospital, Dept. of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy/CENTERS Centro Neurologico Terapie Sperimentali-Sapienza University, S.Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lus
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, II Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Rovaris
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Damiano Paolicelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Mariaclara Achille
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Amato
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy/IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazzitelli M, Arrighi E, Serapide F, Pelle MC, Tassone B, Lionello R, Marrazzo G, Laganà D, Costanzo FS, Matera G, Trecarichi EM, Torti C. Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J Med Virol 2020; 93:32-34. [PMID: 32410234 PMCID: PMC7272953 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazzitelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Arrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelle
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tassone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Laganà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Radiodiagnostic Institute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Magna Grecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, "Magna Grecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, "Magna Grecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cattaruzza MS, Gorini G, Bosetti C, Boffi R, Lugo A, Veronese C, Carreras G, Santucci C, Stival C, Pacifici R, Zagà V, Gallus S, Giulietti F, Sarzani R, Spannella F, Del Donno M, Tartaglione S, Marrazzo G, Pelaia G, D'Agosto V, Berti A, Voller F, Cardellicchio S, Cresci C, Foschino Barbaro MP, De Palma R, Negrini S, Sicbaldi V, Serafini A, Bisconti M, Refolo L, Landoni G, Rovere P, Veronesi G, Faverio P, Garavello W, Pesci A, Giacobbe R, Martucci P, Parrella R, Scarano F, Aiello M, Chetta A, Franco C, Mangia A, Carrozzi L, Maggi F, Monzani F, Pistelli F, Russo P, Sanna A, Barreca FM, Conti V, Rossi E, Ruli M, Ruli S, Eslami Varzaneh S, Principe R, Guerrini S, Sebastiani A, Galluccio G, Pezzuto A, Ricci A, Casali E, Mastroianni C, Pirina P, Polo F, Beatrice F, Romagnoli M, Baraldo M, Cojutti PG, Tascini C, Pecori D, Graziano E, Tinghino B. Covid-19 and the role of smoking: the protocol of the multicentric prospective study COSMO-IT (COvid19 and SMOking in ITaly). Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020062. [PMID: 32921714 PMCID: PMC7716969 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergency caused by Covid-19 pandemic raised interest in studying lifestyles and comorbidities as important determinants of poor Covid-19 prognosis. Data on tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity are still limited, while no data are available on the role of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTP). To clarify the role of tobacco smoking and other lifestyle habits on COVID-19 severity and progression, we designed a longitudinal observational study titled COvid19 and SMOking in ITaly (COSMO-IT). About 30 Italian hospitals in North, Centre and South of Italy joined the study. Its main aims are: 1) to quantify the role of tobacco smoking and smoking cessation on the severity and progression of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients; 2) to compare smoking prevalence and severity of the disease in relation to smoking in hospitalized COVID-19 patients versus patients treated at home; 3) to quantify the association between other lifestyle factors, such as e-cigarette and HTP use, alcohol and obesity and the risk of unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical history information will be gathered for around 3000 hospitalized and 700-1000 home-isolated, laboratory-confirmed, COVID-19 patients. Given the current absence of a vaccine against SARS-COV-2 and the lack of a specific treatment for COVID-19, prevention strategies are of extreme importance. This project, designed to highly contribute to the international scientific debate on the role of avoidable lifestyle habits on COVID-19 severity, will provide valuable epidemiological data in order to support important recommendations to prevent COVID-19 incidence, progression and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncologic network, prevention and research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy .
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Giulia Carreras
- Oncologic network, prevention and research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy .
| | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Stival
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- National Observatory on Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Sanna
- Ospedale San Jacopo Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Pistoia.
| | | | | | | | - Mei Ruli
- Ospedale di Stato, Repubblica di San Marino.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aldo Pezzuto
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma.
| | - Elena Casali
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Roma.
| | | | - Pietro Pirina
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari.
| | | | - Fabio Beatrice
- Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, ASL Città di Torino, Torino.
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Tascini
- Azienza Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine.
| | - Davide Pecori
- Azienza Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maiuri G, Corsonello A, Monteleone F, Nicoletti A, Fedele F, Marrazzo G, Sapiente V, Vivona P, Mazzei B. Overlooked dysphagia: a life-threatening condition. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:217-219. [PMID: 28534302 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Leporini C, Marrazzo G, Mumoli L, Esposito S, Gallelli L, Mangano G, Brancati G, De Francesco EA, Russo E, De Sarro G. Adverse drug reactions reporting in Calabria (Southern Italy) in the four-year period 2011-2014: impact of a regional pharmacovigilance project in light of the new European Legislation. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:515-522. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1316486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leporini
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Mumoli
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangano
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giacomino Brancati
- Department of Health and Health Politics, Calabria Region, Sector 3 Area 3 LEA, Department of health and health politics, Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bellner L, Marrazzo G, van Rooijen N, Dunn MW, Abraham NG, Schwartzman ML. Heme oxygenase-2 deletion impairs macrophage function: implication in wound healing. FASEB J 2014; 29:105-15. [PMID: 25342128 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-256503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-2 deficiency impairs wound healing and exacerbates inflammation following injury. We examine the impact of HO-2 deficiency on macrophage function and the contribution of macrophage HO-2 to inflammatory and repair responses to injury. Corneal epithelial debridement was performed in control and macrophage-depleted HO-2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice and in bone marrow chimeras. Peritoneal macrophages were collected for determination of phagocytic activity and classically activated macrophage (M1)-alternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization. Depletion of macrophages delayed corneal healing (13.2%) and increased neutrophil infiltration (54.1%) by day 4 in WT mice, whereas in HO-2(-/-) mice, it did not worsen the already impaired wound healing and exacerbated inflammation. HO-2(-/-) macrophages displayed an altered M1 phenotype with no significant expression of M2 or M2-like activated cells and a 31.3% reduction in phagocytic capacity that was restored by inducing HO-1 activity or supplementing biliverdin. Macrophage depletion had no effect, whereas adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow improved wound healing (34% on day 4) but did not resolve the exaggerated inflammatory response in HO-2(-/-) mice. These findings indicate that HO-2-deficient macrophages are dysfunctional and that macrophage HO-2 is required for proper macrophage function but is insufficient to correct the impaired healing of the HO-2(-/-) cornea, suggesting that corneal epithelial expression of HO-2 is a key to resolution and repair in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marrazzo G, Barbagallo I, Galvano F, Malaguarnera M, Gazzolo D, Frigiola A, D'Orazio N, Li Volti G. Role of dietary and endogenous antioxidants in diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1599-616. [PMID: 24580561 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.644874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes affects different people of all ages, race, and sex. This is a condition characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycaemia that leads to an increase of intracellular oxidative stress linked to the overproduction of free radicals. In the present review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms leading to oxidative stress-mediates complications with particular regard to central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the present review reports the effects of different kind of antioxidants with enzymatic and nonenzymatic action that may significantly decrease the intracellular free radicals' overproduction and prevents the hyperglycaemia-mediated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Marrazzo
- a Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry , University of Catania , Catanina , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ventrice P, Leporini C, Aloe JF, Greco E, Leuzzi G, Marrazzo G, Scorcia GB, Bruzzichesi D, Nicola V, Scorcia V. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs safety and efficacy in ophthalmic diseases. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2014; 4:S38-42. [PMID: 24347979 PMCID: PMC3853666 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. In the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has emerged as a key target for therapy. The intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has been widely employed to reduce the disease progression and improve the visual outcomes of the affected patients. However, each intravitreal inoculation poses a risk of several complications as infection, inflammation, endophthalmitis, intraocular inflammation, increase of intraocular pressure and vitreous hemorrhage. This short review evaluates the efficacy and the incidence of adverse drug reactions related to intravitreal administration of the main anti-VEGF drugs actually available: Bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ventrice
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Science of Health, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Science of Health, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Greco
- Department of Oncology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Giacomo Leuzzi
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Science of Health, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Science of Health, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Varano Nicola
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Allegri P, Murialdo U, Peri S, Carniglia R, Crivelli MG, Compiano S, Autuori S, Mastromarino A, Zurria M, Marrazzo G. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of 0.5% indomethacin eye drops in uveitic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:1463-70. [PMID: 24519421 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% indomethacin (INDOM) eye drops in adult patients suffering from macular edema (ME) related to different etiology uveitis. METHODS Forty-six eyes of 31 adult patients (20 females and 11 males) mean age 39 years, affected by inflammatory ME, were randomized to receive a dose of commercial 0.5% INDOM eye-drops four times per day (16 subjects = 23 eyes) or placebo (the vehicle of INDOM, 15 subjects = 23 eyes) during a 6-month active therapy follow-up. Study assessment at each visit included visual acuity testing (VA), slit-lamp examination, IOP evaluation, and Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) central foveal thickness (CFT) measurement. Any variation in subjective symptoms and tolerability was also detected. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed, from baseline to the 6-month visit, a significant reduction in CFT (P < 0.0001) and a significant improvement in VA only in the 0.5% INDOM-treated group; a global reduction of discomfort symptoms was present in both groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The four times per day administration of 0.5% INDOM eye drops in eyes affected with uveitic ME from different etiologies, compared with placebo, is associated with a significant reduction in ME at the 6-month follow-up visit, as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). However, not all eyes showed a complete resolution of ME because of vitreoretinal traction. (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/index.html number, EUDRACT 2011-001522-20.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Allegri
- Ophthalmology Department, Uveitis Tertiary Referral Center, Rapallo Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bucolo C, Marrazzo G, Platania CBM, Romano GL, Drago F, Salomone S. Effects of topical indomethacin, bromfenac and nepafenac on lipopolysaccharide-induced ocular inflammation†. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:954-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on retinal vascular leakage, and inflammatory markers in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats.
Methods
EIU was induced in rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Topical 0.5% indomethacin, 0.09% bromfenac and 0.1% nepafenac were given before and after LPS. Twenty-four hours after LPS, the animals were euthanized and plasma along with retina were collected to assess prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Retinal vascular leakage was assessed by Evans blue. Molecular modelling was used to evaluate interaction of compounds with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Key findings
All NSAIDs tested significantly prevented PGE2 production with higher effect of indomethacin and bromfenac in comparison with nepafenac. The three drugs did not affect plasma CRP levels. The analysis of retinal vascular leakage revealed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease after treatment with indomethacin, but no significant changes were observed after treatment with bromfenac and nepafenac. Indomethacin had a different interaction with COX-2 in comparison with bromfenac and amfenac (active metabolite of nepafenac).
Conclusions
Topical treatment with indomethacin, bromfenac and nepafenac has significant anti-inflammatory effects. However, only indomethacin was able to prevent retinal vascular leakage in LPS-injected rats, likely due to the distinctive molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Romano MR, Biagioni F, Carrizzo A, Lorusso M, Spadaro A, Micelli Ferrari T, Vecchione C, Zurria M, Marrazzo G, Mascio G, Sacchetti B, Madonna M, Fornai F, Nicoletti F, Lograno MD. Effects of vitamin B12 on the corneal nerve regeneration in rats. Exp Eye Res 2014; 120:109-17. [PMID: 24486457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effects of a new ophthalmic solution containing 0.05% vitamin B12 0.05% on corneal nerve regeneration in rats after corneal injury. Eyes of anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to corneal injury by removing the corneal epithelium with corneal brush (Algerbrush). After the epithelial debridement, the right eye of each animal received the instillation of one drop of the ophthalmic solution containing vitamin B12 0.05% plus taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% four time per day for 10 or 30 days. Left eyes were used as control and treated with solution containing taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% alone following the same regimen. Fluorescein staining by slit-lamp and morphological analysis was used to determine corneal wound healing. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and confocal microscopy were used to examine corneal re-innervation. Slit-lamp and histological analyses showed that re-epithelization of the corneas was accelerated in rats treated with vitamin B12. A clear-cut difference between the two groups of rats was seen after 10 days of treatment, whereas a near-to-complete re-epithelization was observed in both groups at 30 days. Vitamin B12 treatment had also a remarkable effect on corneal re-innervation, as shown by substantial increased in the expression of neurofilament 160 and β-III tubulin at both 10 and 30 days. The presence of SV2A-positive nerve endings suggests the presence of synapse-like specialized structures in corneal epithelium of the eye treated with vitamin B12. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 treatment represents a powerful strategy to accelerate not only re-epithelization but also corneal re-innervation after mechanical injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Romano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Massimo Lorusso
- Ecclesiastical Authority Regional General Hospital Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Angelo Spadaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Diego Lograno
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palleria C, Leporini C, Chimirri S, Marrazzo G, Sacchetta S, Bruno L, Lista RM, Staltari O, Scuteri A, Scicchitano F, Russo E. Limitations and obstacles of the spontaneous adverse drugs reactions reporting: Two "challenging" case reports. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013; 4:S66-72. [PMID: 24347986 PMCID: PMC3853673 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, based on several epidemiological data, iatrogenic disease is an emerging public health problem, especially in industrialized countries. Adverse drugs reactions (ADRs) are extremely common and, therefore, clinically, socially, and economically worthy of attention. Spontaneous reporting system for suspected ADRs represents the cornerstone of the pharmacovigilance, because it allows rapid detection of potential alarm signals related to drugs use. However, spontaneous reporting system shows several limitations, which are mainly related to under-reporting. In this paper, we describe two particular case reports, which emphasize some reasons of under-reporting and other common criticisms of spontaneous reporting systems. Materials and Methods: We performed a computer-aided search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, national and international databases of suspected ADRs reports in order to identify previous published case reports and spontaneous reports about the ADRs reviewed in this paper, and to examine the role of suspected drugs in the pathogenesis of the described adverse reactions. Results: First, we reported a case of tizanidine-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. In the second case report, we presented an episode of asthma exacerbation after taking bimatoprost. Through the review of these two cases, we highlighted some common criticisms of spontaneous reporting systems: under-reporting and false causality attribution. Discussion and Conclusion: Healthcare workers sometimes do not report ADRs because it is challenging to establish with certainty the causal relationship between drug and adverse reaction; however, according to a key principle of pharmacovigilance, it is always better to report even a suspicion to generate an alarm in the interest of protecting public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Palleria
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serafina Chimirri
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sacchetta
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bruno
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria M Lista
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Cosenza, Farmacovigilanza Territorio Paola, Italy
| | - Orietta Staltari
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Scuteri
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scicchitano
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Giofrè C, Scicchitano F, Palleria C, Mazzitello C, Ciriaco M, Gallelli L, Paletta L, Marrazzo G, Leporini C, Ventrice P, Carbone C, Saullo F, Rende P, Menniti M, Mumoli L, Chimirri S, Patanè M, Esposito S, Cilurzo F, Staltari O, Russo E, De Sarro G. Pharmacovigilance and drug safety in Calabria (Italy): 2012 adverse events analysis. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013; 4:S55-60. [PMID: 24347984 PMCID: PMC3853671 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacovigilance (PV) is designed to monitor drugs continuously after their commercialization, assessing and improving their safety profile. The main objective is to increase the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), in order to have a wide variety of information. The Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco [AIFA]) is financing several projects to increase reporting. In Calabria, a PV information center has been created in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained data using the database of the National Health Information System AIFA relatively to Italy and Calabria in the year 2012. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the ADRs. RESULTS A total number of 461 ADRs have been reported in the year 2012 with an increase of 234% compared with 2011 (138 reports). Hospital doctors are the main source of this reporting (51.62%). Sorafenib (Nexavar(®)), the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ketoprofen represent the drugs most frequently reported causing adverse reactions. Adverse events in female patients (61.83%) were more frequently reported, whereas the age groups "41-65" (39.07%) and "over 65" (27.9%) were the most affected. CONCLUSIONS Calabria has had a positive increase in the number of ADRs reported, although it has not yet reached the gold standard set by World Health Organization (about 600 reports), the data have shown that PV culture is making inroads in this region and that PV projects stimulating and increasing PV knowledge are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giofrè
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scicchitano
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzitello
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciriaco
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Paletta
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ventrice
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Saullo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Rende
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Menniti
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Mumoli
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serafina Chimirri
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marinella Patanè
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Esposito
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Orietta Staltari
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bucolo C, Marrazzo G, Platania CBM, Drago F, Leggio GM, Salomone S. Fortified extract of red berry, Ginkgo biloba, and white willow bark in experimental early diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:432695. [PMID: 23762874 PMCID: PMC3676923 DOI: 10.1155/2013/432695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a complex condition where inflammation and oxidative stress represent crucial pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a fortified extract of red berries, Ginkgo biloba and white willow bark containing carnosine and α-lipoic acid in early retinal and plasma changes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection in Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetics and nondiabetic (control) rats were treated daily with the fortified extract for the ten days. Retina samples were collected and analyzed for their TNF-α and VEGF content. Moreover, plasma oxidative stress was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Increased TNF-α and VEGF levels were observed in the retina of diabetic rats. Treatment with the fortified extract significantly lowered retinal cytokine levels and suppressed diabetes-related lipid peroxidation. These data demonstrate that the fortified extract attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the retina in early diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bellner L, Marrazzo G, Castellano K, Dunn MW, Schwartzman ML. Macrophage Dysfunction and Impaired Wound Healing in Corneas of Heme Oxygenase (HO)‐2 Deficient Mice. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.649.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Barbagallo I, Marrazzo G, Frigiola A, Zappala A, Li Volti G. Role of carbon monoxide in vascular diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 13:787-96. [PMID: 22201604 DOI: 10.2174/138920112800399086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the degradation of heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase (HO), Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated. Although it is considered as a non-significant and potentially toxic waste gas of heme catabolism, CO is a key signaling molecule used to regulate different cardiovascular functions. In this review, we focus the protective roles of CO in vascular injury/disease, which may be important to explore the overall protective roles of HO-1/CO system in the pathogenesis of human vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marrazzo G, Bosco P, La Delia F, Scapagnini G, Di Giacomo C, Malaguarnera M, Galvano F, Nicolosi A, Li Volti G. Neuroprotective effect of silibinin in diabetic mice. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:252-6. [PMID: 21970972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher oxidative stress and reduced activity of the antioxidant defense system in different brain regions. Results from numerous studies reported impaired cognitive and neurochemical function in diabetic patients and streptozotocin induced diabetic rodents. It is well established that polyphenols exert potent antioxidant and protective functions. Based on recent findings, one potential target for the antioxidant/antinflammatory properties of polyphenols is the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway. Among various compounds tested silibinin, the main component of silymarin, has been shown to possess a strong antioxidant effect in various experimental models; however a study on the possible neuroprotective effect of this compound on the brain of diabetic animals is currently lacking. Therefore, we studied and measured in lean mice (db/m) and knock out mice for the leptin receptors mice (db/db) the effect of silibinin on HO-1 protein levels, non proteic thiol groups, isoprostanes and 8-OH deoxyguanosine (markers of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, respectively) in different brain regions. Our results showed that HO-1 is differently expressed in various brain regions in db/db mice when compared to lean animals. Furthermore, silibinin provides DNA protection and reduces oxidative stress in a brain specific area, in part via the activation of the HO system. Silibinin may provide a valid tool to counteract oxidative stress in the diabetic status in the central nervous system under diabetic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Halilovic A, Patil KA, Bellner L, Marrazzo G, Castellano K, Cullaro G, Dunn MW, Schwartzman ML. Knockdown of heme oxygenase-2 impairs corneal epithelial cell wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1732-40. [PMID: 21506105 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) represents an intrinsic cytoprotective system based on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties mediated via its products biliverdin/bilirubin and carbon monoxide (CO). We showed that deletion of HO-2 results in impaired corneal wound healing with associated chronic inflammatory complications. This study was undertaken to examine the role of HO activity and the contribution of HO-1 and HO-2 to corneal wound healing in an in vitro epithelial scratch injury model. A scratch wound model was established using human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. These cells expressed both HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Injury elicited a rapid and transient increase in HO-1 and HO activity; HO-2 expression was unchanged. Treatment with biliverdin or CORM-A1, a CO donor, accelerated wound closure by 10% at 24 h. Inhibition of HO activity impaired wound closure by more than 50%. However, addition of biliverdin or CORM-A1 reversed the effect of HO inhibition on wound healing. Moreover, knockdown of HO-2 expression, but not HO-1, significantly impaired wound healing. These results indicate that HO activity is required for corneal epithelial cell migration. Inhibition of HO activity impairs wound healing while amplification of its activity restores and accelerates healing. Importantly, HO-2, which is highly expressed in the corneal epithelium, appears to be critical for the wound healing process in the cornea. The mechanisms by which it contributes to cell migration in response to injury may reside in the cytoprotective properties of CO and biliverdin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adna Halilovic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marrazzo G, Bellner L, Halilovic A, Li Volti G, Drago F, Dunn MW, Schwartzman ML. The role of neutrophils in corneal wound healing in HO-2 null mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21180. [PMID: 21695050 PMCID: PMC3117875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our studies demonstrated that Heme oxygenase (HO), in particular, the constitutive HO-2, is critical for a self-resolving inflammatory and repair response in the cornea. Epithelial injury in HO-2 null mice leads to impaired wound closure and chronic inflammation in the cornea. This study was undertaken to examine the possible relationship between HO-2 and the recruitment of neutrophils following a corneal surface injury in wild type (WT) and HO-2 knockout (HO-2−/−) mice treated with Gr-1 monoclonal antibody to deplete peripheral neutrophils. Epithelial injury was performed by removing the entire corneal epithelium. Infiltration of inflammatory cell into the cornea in response to injury was higher in HO-2−/− than in WT. However, the rate of corneal wound closure following neutrophil depletion was markedly inhibited in both WT and HO-2−/− mice by 60% and 85%, respectively. Neutropenia induced HO-1 expression in WT but not in HO-2−/− mice. Moreover, endothelial cells lacking HO-2 expressed higher levels of the Midkine and VE-cadherin and displayed strong adhesion to neutrophils suggesting that perturbation in endothelial cell function caused by HO-2 depletion underlies the increased infiltration of neutrophils into the HO-2−/− cornea. Moreover, the fact that neutropenia worsened epithelial healing of the injured cornea in both WT and HO-2−/− mice suggest that cells other than neutrophils contribute to the exaggerated inflammation and impaired wound healing seen in the HO-2 null cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Marrazzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- Department of Drug Sciences Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (GM); (MLS)
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Adna Halilovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Drug Sciences Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michael W. Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Michal Laniado Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GM); (MLS)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marrazzo A, Cobos EJ, Parenti C, Aricò G, Marrazzo G, Ronsisvalle S, Pasquinucci L, Prezzavento O, Colabufo NA, Contino M, González LG, Scoto GM, Ronsisvalle G. Novel potent and selective σ ligands: evaluation of their agonist and antagonist properties. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3669-73. [PMID: 21476493 DOI: 10.1021/jm200144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel enantiomers and diastereoisomers structurally related to σ ligand (+)-MR200 were synthesized to improve σ(1)/σ(2) subtype selectivity. The selective σ(1) ligand (-)-8 showed an antagonist profile determined by phenytoin differential modulation of binding affinity in vitro, confirmed in vivo by an increase of κ opioid analgesia. The σ(2) ligand (-)-9 displayed agonist properties in an in vitro isolated organ bath assay and antiproliferative effects on LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
La Grutta S, Lo Baido R, Castelli M, Marrazzo G, Schiera G, Gentile MC, Sarno L, Roccella M. Predictive signs and indicators of aggressiveness and violence: a comparison between a group of adolescents attending an external penal area, a group of prisoners and a group of patients with borderline personality disorder. Minerva Pediatr 2006; 58:121-9. [PMID: 16835572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Aggressive and violent behaviours in juveniles and young adults have become increasingly widespread. Most such behaviours have 2 common roots: lack of actual motivation and brutality. The most reliable indicators and predictive signs have been linked to structural personality features (e.g. defensive strategies, impulse control). With this cross-sectional study we wanted to determine specific indicators and predictive signs of violent and aggressive behaviours in these population segments. METHODS We compared the structural personality features of 3 groups: one with 26 male adolescents with conduct disorder (F91.8), one with 29 male patients with borderline personality disorder (F60.31) and one with 34 male prisoners with antisocial personality disorder (F60.2). The test battery included: the ''Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders'' (for the recruitment of adult groups); the ''Indicators of aggressive conduct'' and the ''Profile of mood states'' (for the recruitment of the adolescent group); the ''Defense mechanisms inventory'' (DMI). RESULTS The predominant defensive strategies and starting emotional backgrounds differed significantly among the groups. A profile of low emotional response was found to support aggressiveness, while a profile of aggressiveness and violence was associated with clinically significant impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Several indicators and clinical predictors of aggressiveness and violence, as well as high-risk-profiles, may be determined using these instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S La Grutta
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Passariello N, Sepe J, Marrazzo G, De Cicco A, Peluso A, Pisano MC, Sgambato S, Tesauro P, D'Onofrio F. Effect of aldose reductase inhibitor (tolrestat) on urinary albumin excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate in IDDM subjects with nephropathy. Diabetes Care 1993; 16:789-95. [PMID: 8495620 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.16.5.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible link between diabetic nephropathy and the enhanced activity of the polyol pathway, known to occur in IDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor tolrestat (200 mg/day) on urinary albumin excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate in 20 IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS Six months of placebo treatment produced no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion rate, and renal plasma flow. Consequently, filtration fraction remained unchanged. During tolrestat treatment, glomerular filtration rate decreased from the basal value of 156 +/- 14 ml.min-1.1.73 m2 to 142 +/- 13.7 ml.min-1.1.73 m2 (P < 0.001) at 2 mo; 128 +/- 12.4 ml.min-1.1.73 m2 (P < 0.001) at 4 mo; and 123.7 +/- 13.0 ml.min-1.1.73 m2 at 6 mo. A significant decrease of urinary albumin excretion rate was observed during the trial (basal values 219 +/- 32.5 vs. 196.9 +/- 28.5 micrograms/min at 2 mo [P < 0.05]; 171.6 +/- 25.5 micrograms/min at 4 mo [P < 0.001]; and 58.6 +/- 19.3 micrograms/min at 6 mo [P < 0.001]). No significant change in renal plasma flow was seen during tolrestat treatment. Filtration fraction significantly decreased in the tolrestat group from the basal value of 0.23 +/- 0.02 to 0.21 +/- 0.01 at 2 mo (P < 0.005); 0.18 +/- 0.02 at 4 mo (P < 0.001); and 0.17 +/- 0.02 at 6 mo (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The polyol pathway is implicated in hemodynamic changes associated with early diabetic nephropathy, and aldose reductase treatment can positively influence these parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Passariello
- Institute of General Medicine, Therapy and Metabolic Disease, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paolisso G, Marrazzo G, de Riu S, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, d'Onofrio F, Lefèbvre P. Effects of mild-to-moderate hyperglycaemia per se on glucose production and uptake in the elderly. Eur J Med 1992; 1:6-12. [PMID: 1341981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the diminished glucose tolerance that occurs in the elderly, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of mild hyperglycaemia on glucose production and uptake in a group of aged subjects. For comparison, a group of young subjects was simultaneously investigated. METHODS Seven aged (71.8 +/- 2.3 yrs) and seven young (25.5 +/- 1.7 yrs) healthy non-obese subjects underwent two hyperglycaemic glucose-clamps having as targets plasma glucose levels 7.5 and 10.0 mmol/L. Contemporary infusion of D-[3-3H]-glucose allowed determination of glucose turnover parameters in basal conditions and during the clamps. Endogenous pancreatic secretion was inhibited by somatostatin (8.3 micrograms/min) while glucagon (67 ng/min) and insulin (0.15 mU/kg/min) were replaced by exogenous infusions. RESULTS In basal conditions, glucose uptake (12.9 +/- 0.5 vs 14.4 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg/min; p < 0.05) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (2.58 +/- 0.15 vs 3.35 +/- 0.10 ml/kg/min; p < 0.01) were lower in elderly vs young subjects. In the hyperglycaemic glucose-clamps, we observed, in the elderly subjects, the persistence of a greater glucose production during mild (7.5 mmol/L) (11.6 +/- 0.4 vs 9.7 +/- 0.2 mumol/kg/min; p < 0.005) but not moderate (10 mmol/L) (3.5 +/- 0.1 vs 3.4 +/- 0.1 mumol/kg/min; NS) hyperglycaemia. In contrast, glucose-induced glucose uptake and glucose metabolic clearance rate were similarly affected by glucose infusions in both groups of subjects. Moreover, in elderly but not in young subjects, basal glucose disappearance rate was significantly negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels (r = -0.84; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the basal state, glucose uptake and glucose metabolic clearance rate are slightly impaired in elderly, compared to young subjects. Furthermore, in the elderly, endogenous glucose production is less suppressed by mild hyperglycaemia i.e. 7.5 mmol/L, than it is in young people. Such impairment in the inhibition of endogenous glucose production is not seen when blood glucose attains 10 mmol/L. We suggest that impairment in glucose tolerance in the elderly results from both reduced glucose uptake (in basal conditions) and excessive glucose production (at mild hyperglycaemic levels).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Istituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Paolisso G, Gambardella A, Marrazzo G, Verza M, Teasuro P, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits deriving from beta-adrenergic blockade in chronic congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1992; 123:103-10. [PMID: 1729814 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90753-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ten patients with congestive heart failure were given metoprolol (50 mg/day) or placebo during a double-blind, crossover, randomized study. After a run-in period of 4 weeks, metoprolol and placebo were administered over a period of 3 months, which was separated by a washout period of 4 weeks. At the end of the run-in, metoprolol, and placebo periods, all patients underwent metabolic (oral glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp tests) and noninvasive cardiologic (New York Heart Association classification, bimodal echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic determination, maximal oxygen consumption, left ventricular radionuclide ejection fraction) tests. Our results show that beta-adrenergic blockade significantly enhances insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output (p less than 0.005) and increase in glucose uptake (p less than 0.01) with a concurrent improvement in New York Heart Association functional class (p less than 0.05) and the multistage exercise treadmill test score (p less than 0.05). After administration of metoprolol all changes in glucose turnover parameters were found to correlate with the decrease in basal plasma free fatty acid levels. In conclusion, our findings confirm the beneficial cardiologic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade in congestive heart failure and demonstrate that metoprolol is also useful for reversing the metabolic damage caused by exaggerated plasma norepinephrine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Instituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, First Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paolisso G, Valentini G, Giugliano D, Marrazzo G, Tirri R, Gallo M, Tirri G, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Evidence for peripheral impaired glucose handling in patients with connective tissue diseases. Metabolism 1991; 40:902-7. [PMID: 1895954 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 8), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 5), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) (n = 3), and 10 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index, were submitted to an intravenous (IV) glucose tolerance test (GTT) (0.33 g/kg of body weight in 3 minutes) and to a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp to study insulin response and action. In the euglycemic clamp, along with the two insulin infusion rates (0.5 mU/kg.min from 0 to 120 minutes and 1 mU/kg.min from 121 to 240 minutes), a primed (20 microCi) continuous (0.2 microCi/min) infusion of 3H-glucose allowed determination of glucose kinetics. Our data show that patients versus controls have (1) a significant increase in basal plasma insulin levels (87.2 +/- 14.8 v 41.3 +/- 6.0 pmol/L, P less than .05); (2) similar glucose-induced acute insulin response; and (3) a lower glucose disappearance rate (Rd), glucose metabolic clearance rate (gMCR), and glucose infusion rate (GIR) when the lowest insulin infusion rate was delivered. These differences disappeared when the insulin infusion rate was doubled. Furthermore, basal plasma insulin levels and glucose disappearance rate significantly correlated with the main inflammatory indices of each disease studied. We conclude that in our patients impaired glucose handling is mainly due to peripheral insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Istituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, Terapia Medica e Malattie del Metabolismo, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Congestive heart failure is a condition associated with increased plasma norepinephrine levels. Moreover, norepinephrine has been recently demonstrated to affect glucose homeostasis by decreasing insulin sensitivity. In the present study, eight patients suffering from chronic congestive heart failure and 10 healthy age- and body mass index-matched subjected were submitted to both an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. During the 360 minutes of the glucose clamp, insulin was infused at three different rates (25, 50, and 100 mU/kg/h), while D-3H glucose infusion allowed determination of glucose turnover. In basal conditions, patients versus controls had similar plasma glucose (5.2 +/- 0.1 v 4.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L,P = NS), but higher plasma insulin (125.7 +/- 9.2 v 35.7 +/- 3.3 pmol/L,P less than .01), norepinephrine (5.39 +/- 0.13 v 1.47 +/- 0.22 nmol/L,P less than .001), and free fatty acid (FFA) (927 +/- 79 v 792 +/- 88 mumol/L,P less than .05) levels. In patients, basal plasma norepinephrine correlated with FFA levels (r = .65, P less than .025). After loading glucose, plasma glucose and insulin levels were still significantly higher in patients than controls. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp produced a lower insulin-mediated inhibition of endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (HGP) and a greater increase in both glucose disappearance rate (Rd) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (gMCR) in patients than in controls during the first two insulin infusion rates (25 and 50 mU/kg/h). By contrast, these differences disappeared during the highest insulin infusion rate (100 mU/kg/h). Insulin-mediated decrease in plasma FFA levels was also lower in patients than controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Paolisso G, Pizza G, De Riu S, Marrazzo G, Sgambato S, Giugliano D, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Effects of oxytocin upon the endocrine pancreas secretion and glucose turnover in normal man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1990; 123:504-10. [PMID: 1979464 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In normal man oxytocin infusion under basal conditions and at pharmacological doses evoked a rapid surge in plasma glucose and glucagon levels followed by a later increase in plasma insulin levels. Simultaneous [D-3H]glucose infusion indicated that oxytocin also produced a prompt and significant increase in hepatic glucose output with a secondary increase in glucose disappearance rate. Eight healthy volunteers were studied during euglycemic glucose clamp and simultaneous [D-3H]glucose infusion, during suppression of endogenous pancreatic secretion by cyclic somatostatin (250 micrograms/h) and during exogenous glucagon (67 ng/min) and insulin (0.15 mU.kg-1.min-1 from 0 to 120 min and 0.40 mU.kg-1.min-1 from 121 to 240 min) replacement. During the first 60 min oxytocin (0.2 U/min) evoked a transient but significant increase in plasma glucose levels and hepatic glucose output with a simultaneous suppression of the glucose infusion rate. No difference in glucose disappearance and metabolic clearance rates were recorded throughout the clamp irrespective of whether oxytocin was infused or not. So we conclude that oxytocin exerts a hyperglycemic effect through an A-cell stimulation and a glycogenolytic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Istituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paolisso G, Pizza G, De Riu S, Marrazzo G, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Impaired insulin-mediated erythrocyte magnesium accumulation is correlated to impaired insulin-mediated glucose diposal in aged non-diabetic obese patients. Diabete Metab 1990; 16:328-33. [PMID: 2265738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Basal erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly lower in obese than lean subjects. In vitro incubation in the presence of 100 mU/l insulin significantly increased magnesium erythrocyte levels in both groups of subjects. However, even in the presence of 100 mU/l, the erythrocyte magnesium content of obese patients was lower than that of control subjects. The in vitro dose-response curve of the effect of insulin on magnesium erythrocyte accumulation was shifted to the right when the red cells of obese were used, with a highly significant reduction of the maximal effect. Such reduction of the maximal effect of insulin suggests that the impairment of insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium accumulation observed in obese patients results essentially from a post-receptor defect. In obese patients, net increase in erythrocyte magnesium levels (calculated as the difference between basal and 100 mU/l insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium levels) was negatively correlated with basal plasma insulin levels (r = 0.79 p less than 0.01), and with body mass index (r = 0.81 p less than 0.01) while it was positively correlated with the glucose disappearance rate after glucose load (r = 0.67 p less than 0.05) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (r = 0.71 p less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium accumulation is impaired in patients with obesity and that such defect is correlated to impaired -- mediated glucosal disposal in the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Instituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Paolisso G, Marrazzo G, De Riu S, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Insulin resistance as cause of increased blood pressure in the elderly: effects on intracellular ion contents. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1990; 11:23-32. [PMID: 15374490 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(90)90053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1989] [Revised: 04/10/1990] [Accepted: 04/11/1990] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have evidenced a strong relationship between high plasma insulin levels and blood pressure in diabetic and obese subjects but not in the elderly. During aging many patho-physiological changes in cardiovascular functions and autonomic nervous system occur, so that aging per se might be a cause of a 'physiological' increase in blood pressure. Nevertheless, an insulin resistance also develops during aging. The present study investigates the possible role of age-dependent insulin resistance in the genesis of increased blood pressure. Our data show that insulin resistance calculated by the glucose infusion rate during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp procedure is significantly correlated with the insulin-mediated net decrease in erythrocyte Na+ content (r = 0.58, P < 0.05), as well as with net increase in erythrocyte K+ (r = 0.64, P < 0.05) and Mg2+ (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) content and to basal diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.63, P < 0.05). We conclude that in elderly subjects the age-related and normally occurring insulin resistance might contribute to the increase of arterial blood pressure through its effect on cell cation content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Istituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, Terapia Medica e Malattie del Metabolismo, 1st Medical School, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stoppoloni G, Prisco F, Alfano C, Iafusco D, Marrazzo G, Paolisso G. Characteristics of insulin resistance in Turner syndrome. Diabete Metab 1990; 16:267-71. [PMID: 1979950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of insulin resistance, in Turner syndrome are still unclear. For this purpose in 4 patients with Turner syndrome and in 8 control females we performed an euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp at the following insulin infusion rates (50 and 100 mU/Kg x h), each period lasting 120 min. A simultaneous infusion of D-3-H-glucose allowed us to determine in basal conditions and during the clamp hepatic glucose output and glucose disappearance rate (Rd). In basal conditions plasma glucose (4.8 +/- 0.1 vs 4.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/1 p = NS) and plasma glucagon (102 +/- 7.5 vs 112 +/- 11.3 ng/l p = NS) were similar in both groups despite higher plasma insulin (19 +/- 1.8 vs 7 +/- 2.2 mU/l p less than 0.05) and C-peptide (1.0 less than 0.1 vs 0.8 +/- 0.06 pmol/l p less than 0.05) levels in patients with Turner syndrome. In the last 60 min of the lower insulin infusion rate glucose infusion rate (4.1 +/- 0.3 vs 2.9 +/- 0.4 mg/Kg x min p less than 0.05) and glucose disappearance rate (3.89 +/- 0.12 vs 2.63 +/- 0.11 mg/Kg x min p less than 0.01) were significantly reduced in patients with Turner. On the contrary hepatic glucose output was similarly suppressed in both groups of subjects. Doubling the insulin infusion rate, we obtained similar results in patients and controls respectively. So we conclude that in Turner syndrome the insulin resistance state is mainly due to a muscular receptor defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Stoppoloni
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, 1st Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paolisso G, Passariello N, Pizza G, Marrazzo G, Giunta R, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Dietary magnesium supplements improve B-cell response to glucose and arginine in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1989; 121:16-20. [PMID: 2662695 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1210016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia and low erythrocyte magnesium content are both common findings in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Moreover, intracellular magnesium may play a crucial role in modulating B-cell response to glucose by interfering with potassium permeability. Eight elderly, moderately obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were treated with either magnesium supplementation (3 g/day) to the diet or placebo. Both treatment schemes lasted 4-weeks and were separated by a 'wash-out' of 3 weeks. At the end of each treatment period, in glucose test (0.33 g/kg for 3 min) and an iv arginine (5 g) test were performed to determine the B-and A-cell responses. Dietary magnesium supplementation vs placebo produced a slight but significant decrease in basal plasma glucose (8.6 +/- 0.3 vs 8.0 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, p less than 0.05) and an increase in acute insulin response after iv glucose (3.7 +/- 2.3 vs - 14.7 +/- 0.9 pmol.l 1. (10 min)-1, p less than 0.01) and after iv arginine (151 +/- vs 81 +/- 15 pmol.l-1. (10 min)-1, p less than 0.01), respectively. Plasma glucagon levels were unaffected by chronic dietary magnesium supplementation as well under basal conditions as in response to arginine. Net increase in acute insulin response after iv glucose and after iv arginine was significantly correlated to the net increase in erythrocyte magnesium content after dietary magnesium supplementation. We conclude that magnesium administration may be a useful adjuvant to the classic hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolisso
- Institute di Gerontalogia e Geriateria, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Passariello N, Paolisso G, Iannuzzi F, Pizza G, Marrazzo G, Sgambato S, D'Onofrio F. Lack of diabetogenic action of calcitonin in subjects affected by insulinoma. Diabete Metab 1989; 15:88-92. [PMID: 2544469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin has been shown to affect calcium handling within cells thus impairing insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. In the present study we investigate the effects of calcitonin on basal and nutrients-induced plasma glucose and insulin levels variations in healthy subjects (n = 10) and in patients affected by islet cell tumor (n = 6). In healthy subjects calcitonin markedly decreased basal and nutrients-induced plasma insulin levels while in patients with islet cell tumor this calcitonin-mediated effect was lost. So we conclude that the lack of calcitonin effect upon insulin secretion in patients with insulinoma is probably due to the autonomous insulin secretion characterizing islet cell tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Passariello
- Istituto di Medicina Generale, Terapia Medica e Malattie del Metabolismo, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|