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Filiz G, Dobbins IG. The limited memory of value following value directed encoding. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01550-7. [PMID: 38499967 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Items associated with higher values during encoding are later recognized and recalled better than are lower valued items. During recall paradigms, these value directed encoding (VDE) effects heavily depend upon learned strategies acquired during repeated testing with earnings feedback. However, because VDE effects also occur in single test recognition designs, precluding such learning, it has been suggested that high value may automatically induce good encoding. We tested this by manipulating encoding instructions (Experiments 1a and 1b) and manipulating concurrent levels of processing (LOP) requirements during encoding (Experiment 2a and 2b). Two main findings emerged. First, subject initiated strategies played a dominant role in VDE effects with little evidence for automaticity. This was demonstrated in Experiment 1 by a more than three-fold increase in the VDE recognition effect when instructions specifically encouraged selective elaboration of high-value items. It was also shown by the complete elimination of VDE recognition effects in Experiment 2 when LOP tasks were concurrently performed during encoding. Critically, the blocking of VDE effects occurred even though a catch trial procedure verified that value was being processed during encoding and remained even when subjects had unlimited time to process the materials during encoding. Second, the data showed, for the first time, that when subjects attempted to specify the value of recognized items, they heavily depended upon a recognition heuristic in which increases in recognition strength, even when nondiagnostic, were inferred to reflect high encoding value. The tendency for subjects to conflate recognition strength and value may have important implications for behavioral economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Filiz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ian G Dobbins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Aklan I, Sayar Atasoy N, Yavuz Y, Ates T, Coban I, Koksalar F, Filiz G, Topcu IC, Oncul M, Dilsiz P, Cebecioglu U, Alp MI, Yilmaz B, Davis DR, Hajdukiewicz K, Saito K, Konopka W, Cui H, Atasoy D. NTS Catecholamine Neurons Mediate Hypoglycemic Hunger via Medial Hypothalamic Feeding Pathways. Cell Metab 2020; 31:313-326.e5. [PMID: 31839488 PMCID: PMC9017597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the essential energy source for the brain, whose deficit, triggered by energy deprivation or therapeutic agents, can be fatal. Increased appetite is the key behavioral defense against hypoglycemia; however, the central pathways involved are not well understood. Here, we describe a glucoprivic feeding pathway by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing neurons from nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), which project densely to the hypothalamus and elicit feeding through bidirectional adrenergic modulation of agouti-related peptide (AgRP)- and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons. Acute chemogenetic inhibition of arcuate nucleus (ARC)-projecting NTSTH neurons or their target, AgRP neurons, impaired glucoprivic feeding induced by 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) injection. Neuroanatomical tracing results suggested that ARC-projecting orexigenic NTSTH neurons are largely distinct from neighboring catecholamine neurons projecting to parabrachial nucleus (PBN) that promotes satiety. Collectively, we describe a circuit organization in which an ascending pathway from brainstem stimulates appetite through key hunger neurons in the hypothalamus in response to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iltan Aklan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nilufer Sayar Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ates
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Coban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Koksalar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Filiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iskalen Cansu Topcu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oncul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Cebecioglu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Alp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deborah R Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Karolina Hajdukiewicz
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Witold Konopka
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Dilsiz P, Aklan I, Sayar Atasoy N, Yavuz Y, Filiz G, Koksalar F, Ates T, Oncul M, Coban I, Ates Oz E, Cebecioglu U, Alp MI, Yilmaz B, Atasoy D. MCH Neuron Activity Is Sufficient for Reward and Reinforces Feeding. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:258-270. [PMID: 31154452 DOI: 10.1159/000501234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing neurons have been implicated in regulation of energy homeostasis and reward, yet the role of their electrical activity in short-term appetite and reward modulation has not been fully understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated short-term behavioral and physiological effects of MCH neuron activity manipulations. METHODS We used optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches in Pmch-cre transgenic mice to acutely stimulate/inhibit MCH neuronal activity while probing feeding, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors, glucose homeostasis, and reward. RESULTS MCH neuron activity is neither required nor sufficient for short-term appetite unless stimulation is temporally paired with consumption. MCH neuronal activation does not affect short-term locomotor activity, but inhibition improves glucose tolerance and is mildly anxiolytic. Finally, using two different operant tasks, we showed that activation of MCH neurons alone is sufficient to induce reward. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm diverse behavioral/physiological functions of MCH neurons and suggest a direct role in reward function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Dilsiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nilufer Sayar Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Filiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Koksalar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ates
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oncul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Coban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edanur Ates Oz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Cebecioglu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Alp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey,
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA,
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Mantamadiotis T, Daniel P, Filiz G, Christie M, Waring P, Zhang Y, Pouton C, Flanagan D, Vincan E, Phillips W. PO-202 PI3K activation in neural stem cells drives tumourigenesis which can be ameliorated by targeting the cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Filiz G, Dass CR. Reduction in tumour cell invasion by pigment epithelium-derived factor is mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase downregulation. Pharmazie 2012; 67:1010-1014. [PMID: 23346765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer and breast cancer are major killers among males and females respectively. In this study, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was examined for its effect on commonly used human prostate cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. PEDF increased adhesion of cells to collagen-I, with decreased expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-Fak) consistent between the two cell types. Invasion of both tumour cell types through collagen-I was also reduced by PEDF, with decreased expression of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). These results were confirmed with specific antibodies to MT-MMP1. This study provides some vital clues as to which molecular players are perturbed by PEDF treatment of human prostate and breast cancer cells, raising hope that PEDF can in future be trialled against these major cancers in attempts to procure safer yet effective therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Filiz
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia
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Adim SB, Filiz G, Kanat O, Yerci O. Simultaneous occurrence of synchronous and metachronous tumors with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. BRATISL MED J 2011; 112:623-625. [PMID: 22180988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency and clinicopathological features of synchronous and metachronous tumors which occur simultaneously with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS Clinical and pathologic records of 78 patients diagnosed with primary GIST and treated at our institution between 1997 and 2009 were reviewed. RESULTS GIST occurred simultaneously with other primary GI malignancies in 16.1 % (n = 13) of all patients with GIST. Of the simultaneous secondary tumors, 69.2 % (n = 9) were gastrointestinal tumors, and the remaining were biliary system and breast tumors. GIST most frequently had gastric localization (n = 6, 46.1%). CONCLUSION Although GIST are uncommon neoplasms, their synchronous and metachronous coexistence with other tumors is rather frequent, mostly as incidental tumors accompanying a gastrointestinal neoplasm. Therefore, during surgery on cases with gastrointestinal neoplasms, the surgeon needs to be careful about a synchronous GIST. At the same time, more detailed studies are needed about the carcinogenesis of dual tumors coexisting with GIST (Tab. 1, Ref. 14).
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Adim
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkiye.
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Abstract
Non-metastatic gene 23 (nm23) is a metastasis suppressor gene that is expressed in all tissues and decreased nm23 expression may be linked to poor prognosis. By immunohistochemical staining of nm23 protein antibodies this study examined the prognostic value of nm23 protein expression in 54 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and analysed its relationship with tumour, node, metastases (TNM) surgical stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, lymph node involvement and survival. Of the 54 RCC cases studied, 11 (20.4%) showed positive lymph node involvement while 43 (79.6%) were lymph node negative. There was no difference in nm23 protein expression between cases with and without lymph node involvement. In addition, nm23 protein expression was not related to TNM stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade or survival. More extensive studies are required to understand the effect of nm23 protein expression on the biological behaviour of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Filiz
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - S Adim
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - B Aytac
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - E Akar
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - H Vuruskan
- Department of Urology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
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Vuruskan H, Ersoy A, Girgin NK, Ozturk M, Filiz G, Yavascaoglu I, Oktay B. An Unusual Cause of Ureteral Obstruction in a Renal Transplant Recipient: Ureteric Aspergilloma. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:2115-7. [PMID: 15964354 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycotic infections in various organ transplant recipients represent severe and often fatal complications. Aspergillosis isolated from the urinary tract occurs quite infrequently in renal transplant recipients. Besides, fungus balls are rare causes of ureteral obstruction. We report a 51-year-old patient with the diagnosis of ureteral obstruction caused by aspergillosis in the early post-renal transplant period, who unfortunately died with the clinical picture of disseminated infection and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vuruskan
- Department of Urology, Uludağ University Medical School, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
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Ali R, Ozkalemkaş F, Ozçelik T, Ozkocaman V, Ozan U, Tunali A, Filiz G, Gözü O. Successful treatment of BALT lymphoma with combined chemotherapy. Thorax 2003; 58:368-9. [PMID: 12668812 PMCID: PMC1746648 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.4.368-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. The pathogenesis is still unknown and treatment has not yet been established. Rarely it can be associated with other disorders. Its association with hereditary lymphoedema is not reported before. We report four patients, a 60-year-old father, his two sons and his daughter, with hereditary lymphoedema. The family had nine members and in four of them lymphoedema was evident. The other members had neither lymphoedema nor IgA nephropathy. This is the first report of IgA nephropathy in association with hereditary lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usta
- Department of Nephrology, Uludağ University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
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Gürel S, Yerci O, Filiz G, Dolar E, Yilmazlar T, Nak SG, Gülten M, Zorluoğlu A, Memik F. High expression of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) and its relationship with multiple prognostic factors in gastric carcinomas in patients in Turkey. J Int Med Res 1999; 27:79-84. [PMID: 10446694 DOI: 10.1177/030006059902700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of gastric cancer. In Turkey, gastric carcinoma is the second most common cancer and, because the rate of early diagnosis is low, chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of the disease. We aimed to investigate expression of the multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR-1) and its relationship with multiple prognostic factors in gastric cancers. Between 1996 and 1998, a total of 55 patients (37 men and 19 women; median age 55 years) were studied. Sections from specimens of gastric carcinomas were immunohistochemically stained to detect P-glycoprotein (which is associated with MDR-1 expression). We found MDR-1 expression in 48 (87%) of the patients. None of the multiple prognostic factors, including histological type of tumour, correlated with expression of MDR-1. Patients who had low MDR-1 expression had better survival. We conclude that the expression of MDR-1 in gastric cancer is high in Turkey, and this may be related to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gürel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Ozuysal S, Yerci O, Uncu G, Filiz G. Acardiac fetus: a case report. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1998; 24:169-70. [PMID: 9478310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ozuysal
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Uludağ, Bursa, Turkey
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