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Afrin S, Kirschen GW, Miyashita‐Ishiwata M, El Sabeh M, Borahay MA. Synergistic inhibition of progesterone receptor-A/B signalling by simvastatin and mifepristone in human uterine leiomyomas. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1672. [PMID: 38649749 PMCID: PMC11035378 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsThe Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsThe Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mostafa A. Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsThe Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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2
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Kirschen GW, Brown L, Davis J, Kim D, Berman DJ, Al-Khindi T, Caplan J, Osborne SM. A Case Report of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Under General Anesthesia in a Patient With a Large Cerebral Aneurysm. Cureus 2024; 16:e53822. [PMID: 38465162 PMCID: PMC10924630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms are rarely encountered in pregnancy. Their antepartum and intrapartum management remain clinically challenging, primarily due to concern regarding potential rupture. We present a case of a patient in preterm labor at risk for imminent delivery with a 10mm cerebral aneurysm. She was recommended for cesarean section (CS), yet delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery in the operating room after induction of general anesthesia for the intended CS. Her aneurysm and neurologic function remained intact postpartum. Cerebral aneurysms <5mm are unlikely to undergo significant growth during pregnancy. The presence of a cerebral aneurysm is not automatically a contraindication to the Valsalva maneuver. The recommendation for which patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms should deliver by CS, operative vaginal delivery, or unassisted vaginal delivery (i.e., which patients should avoid Valsalva maneuver intrapartum), is complex and requires multidisciplinary discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lucy Brown
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joy Davis
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Dan Kim
- Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - David J Berman
- Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Timour Al-Khindi
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Justin Caplan
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Shannon M Osborne
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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3
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Kirschen GW, Blakemore K, Al-Kouatly HB, Fridkis G, Baschat A, Gearhart J, Jelin AC. The genetic etiologies of bilateral renal agenesis. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:205-221. [PMID: 38180355 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to review and analyze the medical literature for cases of prenatal and/or postnatally diagnosed bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) and create a comprehensive summary of the genetic etiologies known to be associated with this condition. METHODS A literature search was conducted as a scoping review employing Online Mendeliain Inheritance in Man, PubMed, and Cochrane to identify cases of BRA with known underlying genetic (chromosomal vs. single gene) etiologies and those described in syndromes without any known genetic etiology. The cases were further categorized as isolated versus non-isolated, describing additional findings reported prenatally, postnatally, and postmortem. Inheritance pattern was also documented when appropriate in addition to the reported timing of diagnosis and sex. RESULTS We identified six cytogenetic abnormalities and 21 genes responsible for 20 single gene disorders associated with BRA. Five genes have been reported to associate with BRA without other renal anomalies; sixteen others associate with both BRA as well as unilateral renal agenesis. Six clinically recognized syndromes/associations were identified with an unknown underlying genetic etiology. Genetic etiologies of BRA are often phenotypically expressed as other urogenital anomalies as well as complex multi-system syndromes. CONCLUSION Multiple genetic etiologies of BRA have been described, including cytogenetic abnormalities and monogenic syndromes. The current era of the utilization of exome and genome-wide sequencing is likely to significantly expand our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of BRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Blakemore
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huda B Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, New York, USA
| | - Gila Fridkis
- Physician Affiliate Group of New York, P.C. (PAGNY), Department of Pediatrics, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ahmet Baschat
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Gearhart
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angie C Jelin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Kirschen GW, Shorey ME, Han J, Leppla I, Masear CG, Robinson J. Dissociative identity precipitated by emergence from general anesthesia: A case report and analytical framework. Psychiatry Res Case Rep 2023; 2:100152. [PMID: 37614702 PMCID: PMC10443949 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycr.2023.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex and controversial psychiatric condition in which one person maintains at least two separate and distinct personalities. Patients with DID often report a history of childhood abuse and may have other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Psychosocial stressors may be triggers for DID inception or recurrence. While anesthetic agents, in particular ketamine, may induce a temporary dissociative state, it has not yet been reported that anesthesia can precipitate a dissociative identity. Case report We report a case of a woman with a history of childhood sexual abuse and past suicide attempt who experienced an episode of dissociative identity on emergence from anesthesia. The episode resolved within 90 minutes and the patient was discharged home safely on hospital day two. Conclusion This case adds to the literature of potentially precipitating factors of DID and we provide a unifying mechanistic hypothesis linking anesthesia to functional brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Mary E. Shorey
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
- Department of Complex Family Planning, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Joan Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Idris Leppla
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Courtney G. Masear
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287
- Department of Complex Family Planning, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224
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Kirschen GW, Yanek L, Borahay M. Relationship Among Surgical Fibroid Removal, Blood Pressure, and Biomarkers of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Activation. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2736-2742. [PMID: 36943660 PMCID: PMC10511652 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroids are common benign neoplasms in women and have recently been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including hypertension. The objective of this study is to determine whether fibroid removal is associated with lower blood pressure (BP). We performed a single-center IRB-approved retrospective chart review of patients undergoing hysterectomy/myomectomy for fibroids and other benign gynecological surgical procedures from January 2016 to December 2019, and a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing hysterectomy/myomectomy for fibroids from August 2021 to April 2022. We measured demographic factors, preoperative/postoperative BP on day of surgery and at postoperative visit. In our prospective cohort, to evaluate for alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) induced by fibroid removal, we measured serum angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels pre- and post-operatively. In our retrospective study (n = 294; mean age 41.9 ± 10.6, 43.5% Black, 50% with fibroids), we found that compared to patients without fibroids, patients with fibroids had significantly elevated systolic BP (SBP) (pre-op: p = 0.0005; post-op: p = 0.02), although this did not hold after adjusting for covariates. Fibroid removal was associated with a marginally albeit not statistically significant decrease in SBP (p = 0.062). In our prospective study (n = 11), there was a significant decrease in SBP following fibroid removal, but no change in diastolic BP (p = 0.019, p = 0.18, respectively). Serum levels of Ang-II and ACE were not significantly altered following surgical fibroid removal (p = 0.72, p = 0.81, respectively). Altogether, these findings suggest that fibroids are not independently associated with BP or RAAS activation, but do suggest that fibroid removal may be associated with a small drop in SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Lisa Yanek
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mostafa Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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6
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Enazy SA, Kirschen GW, Vincent K, Yang J, Saada J, Shah M, Oberhauser AF, Bujalowski PJ, Motamedi M, Salama SA, Kilic G, Rytting E, Borahay MA. PEGylated Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with 2-Methoxyestradiol for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2552-2560. [PMID: 37482124 PMCID: PMC10529399 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyomas, the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract, currently have limited medical treatment options. Drugs targeting estrogen/progesterone signaling are used, but side effects and limited efficacy in many cases are major limitation of their clinical use. Previous studies from our laboratory and others demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is promising treatment for uterine fibroids. However, its poor bioavailability and rapid degradation hinder its development for clinical use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo effect of biodegradable and biocompatible 2-ME-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a patient-derived leiomyoma xenograft mouse model. PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with 2-ME were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Female 6-week age immunodeficient NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull) mice were used. Estrogen-progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously. Five days later, patient-derived human fibroid tumors were xenografted bilaterally subcutaneously. Engrafted mice were treated with 2-ME-loaded or blank (control) PEGylated nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and after 28 days of treatment, tumor volume was measured by caliper following hair removal, and tumors were removed and weighed. Up to 99.1% encapsulation efficiency was achieved, and the in vitro release profile showed minimal burst release, thus confirming the high encapsulation efficiency. In vivo administration of the 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles led to 51% growth inhibition of xenografted tumors compared to controls (P < 0.01). Thus, 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles may represent a novel approach for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaalarab Al Enazy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Vincent
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jinping Yang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jamal Saada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mansi Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Bujalowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Salama A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Kilic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Afrin S, Kirschen GW, Borahay MA. Obesity Contributes to Transformation of Myometrial Stem-Cell Niche to Leiomyoma via Inducing Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Proliferation, and Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1625. [PMID: 37628676 PMCID: PMC10454202 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyomas (fibroids) are monoclonal tumors in which myometrial stem cells (MSCs) turn tumorigenic after mutation, abnormal methylation, or aberrant signaling. Several factors contribute to metabolic dysfunction in obesity, including abnormal cellular proliferation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The present study aims to determine how adipocytes and adipocyte-secreted factors affect changes in MSCs in a manner that promotes the growth of uterine leiomyomas. Myometrial stem cells were isolated from the uteri of patients by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using CD44/Stro1 antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunocytochemistry assays were performed on human adipocytes (SW872) co-cultured with MSCs and treated with leptin or adiponectin to examine the effects of proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, oxidative damage, and DNA damage. Co-culture with SW872 increased MSC proliferation compared to MSC culture alone, according to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) results. The expressions of PCNA and COL1A increased significantly with SW872 co-culture. In addition, the expression of these markers was increased after leptin treatment and decreased after adiponectin treatment in MSCs. The Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathways promote proliferation and ECM deposition in uterine leiomyomas. The expression of Wnt4, β-catenin, TGFβ3, and pSMAD2/3 of MSCs was increased when co-cultured with adipocytes. We found that the co-culture of MSCs with adipocytes resulted in increased NOX4 expression, reactive oxygen species production, and γ-H2AX expression. Leptin acts by binding to its receptor (LEP-R), leading to signal transduction, resulting in the transcription of genes involved in cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and glycolysis. In MSCs, co-culture with adipocytes increased the expression of LEP-R, pSTAT3/STAT3, and pERK1/2/ERK/12. Based on the above results, we suggest that obesity may mediate MSC initiation of tumorigenesis, resulting in leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mostafa A. Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (G.W.K.)
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Kirschen GW, Hessami K, AlAshqar A, Afrin S, Lulseged B, Borahay M. Uterine Transcriptome: Understanding Physiology and Disease Processes. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:634. [PMID: 37106834 PMCID: PMC10136129 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, transcriptomics has enabled us to gain a deeper understanding of fundamental reproductive physiology, including the menstrual cycle, through a more precise molecular analysis. The endometrial mRNA transcript levels fluctuate during the normal menstrual cycle, indicating changes in the relative recruitment and abundance of inflammatory cells, as well as changes in the receptivity and remodeling of the endometrium. In addition to providing a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of pathological gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, leiomyomas, and adenomyosis through RNA sequencing, this has allowed researchers to create transcriptome profiles during both normal menstrual cycles and pathological gynecological conditions. Such insights could potentially lead to more targeted and personalized therapies for benign gynecological conditions. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in transcriptome analysis of normal and pathological endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Maternal Fetal Care Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdelrahman AlAshqar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Kirschen GW, Burd I. Modeling of vertical transmission and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus in pregnancy: Opportunities and challenges. Front Virol 2023; 3:1106634. [PMID: 36908829 PMCID: PMC9997718 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to facilitating nutrient, oxygen, and waste transfer between developing fetus and mother, the placenta provides important immune barrier function against infection. Elucidation of the complexity of placental barrier function at the maternal-fetal interface has been greatly aided through experimental model organism systems. In this review, we focus on models of vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA viruses whose vertical transmission during pregnancy can lead to devastating neurological and obstetric sequelae. We review the current evidence related to guinea pig and murine models of congenital CMV infection, discuss the possible translatability of a non-human primate model, and conclude with recently developed technology using human placental organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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McMillan N, Kirschen GW, Desai S, Xia E, Tsirka SE, Aguirre A. ADAM10 facilitates rapid neural stem cell cycling and proper positioning within the subventricular zone niche via JAMC/RAP1Gap signaling. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2472-2483. [PMID: 35535899 PMCID: PMC9120697 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.339007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate neural stem cell (NSC) lineage progression and maintain NSCs within different domains of the adult neural stem cell niche, the subventricular zone are not well defined. Quiescent NSCs are arranged at the apical ventricular wall, while mitotically activated NSCs are found in the basal, vascular region of the subventricular zone. Here, we found that ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10) is essential in NSC association with the ventricular wall, and via this adhesion to the apical domain, ADAM10 regulates the switch from quiescent and undifferentiated NSC to an actively proliferative and differentiating cell state. Processing of JAMC (junctional adhesion molecule C) by ADAM10 increases Rap1GAP activity. This molecular machinery promotes NSC transit from the apical to the basal compartment and subsequent lineage progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the proper positioning of NSCs within the subventricular zone niche and lineage progression of NSCs could provide new targets for drug development to enhance the regenerative properties of neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia McMillan
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanket Desai
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Emma Xia
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Adan Aguirre
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kirschen GW, Girard S, Racicot K, Burd I. Editorial: Host-pathogen interactions during pregnancy: Effects on maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1010288. [PMID: 36159647 PMCID: PMC9499351 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sylvie Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Karen Racicot
- Depatment of Gynecology & Obstetrics Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, NJ, United States
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Irina Burd,
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Kirschen GW, Ge S. Editorial: Changes in metabolic processes affecting brain development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002010. [PMID: 36148151 PMCID: PMC9487194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Gregory W. Kirschen
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Kirschen GW, Panda S, Burd I. Congenital Infection Influence on Early Brain Development Through the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:894955. [PMID: 35844234 PMCID: PMC9280077 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which various pathogens cause congenital infections have been studied extensively, aiding in the understanding of the detrimental effects these infections can have on fetal/neonatal neurological development. Recent studies have focused on the gut-brain axis as pivotal in neurodevelopment, with congenital infections causing substantial disruptions. There remains controversy surrounding the purported sterility of the placenta as well as concerns regarding the effects of exposure to antibiotics used during pregnancy on neonatal microbiome development and how early exposure to microbes or antibiotics can shape the gut-brain axis. Long-term neurodevelopmental consequences, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cerebral palsy, may be attributable, in part, to early life infection and changes in the immature gut microbiome. The goal of this review is thus to critically evaluate the current evidence related to early life infection affecting neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Snigdha Panda
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kirschen GW, Hoyt K, Johnson E, Patel S. Eclampsia with RCVS: Postpartum seizure provoked by methergine. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 27:131-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Kirschen GW, AlAshqar A, Miyashita-Ishiwata M, Reschke L, El Sabeh M, Borahay MA. Vascular biology of uterine fibroids: connecting fibroids and vascular disorders. Reproduction 2021; 162:R1-R18. [PMID: 34034234 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroids are benign tumors caused by the proliferation of myometrial smooth muscle cells in the uterus that can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, urinary retention, and infertility. While traditionally thought of as a disease process intrinsic to the uterus, accumulating evidence suggests that fibroid growth may be linked with the systemic vasculature system, although cell-intrinsic factors are certainly of principal importance in their inception. Fibroids are associated with essential hypertension and preeclampsia, as well as atherosclerosis, for reasons that are becoming increasingly elucidated. Factors such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, estrogen, and endothelial dysfunction all likely play a role in fibroid pathogenesis. In this review, we lay out a framework for reconceptualizing fibroids as a systemic vascular disorder, and discuss how pharmaceutical agents and other interventions targeting the vasculature may aid in the novel treatment of fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdelrahman AlAshqar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Lauren Reschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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AlAshqar A, Reschke L, Kirschen GW, Borahay MA. Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:7-31. [PMID: 33739368 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the notion that inflammation fosters the development of common benign gynecologic disorders, including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth and transcription factors have indisputable roles in the establishment and maintenance of benign gynecologic disorders by initiating complex cascades that promote proliferation, angiogenesis, and lesion progression. The interaction between inflammation and benign gynecologic disorders is orchestrated by a plethora of factors, including sex steroids, genetics, epigenetics, extracellular matrix, stem cells, cardiometabolic risk factors, diet, vitamin D, and the immune system. The role of inflammation in these disorders is not limited to local pathobiology but also extends to involve clinical sequelae that range from those confined to the reproductive tract, such as infertility and gynecologic malignancies, to systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease. Enhanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms of this association will introduce us to unvisited pathophysiological perspectives and guide future diagnostic and therapeutic implications aimed at reducing the burden of these disorders. Utilization of inflammatory markers, microRNA, and molecular imaging as diagnostic adjuncts may be valuable, noninvasive techniques for prompt detection of benign gynecologic disorders. Further, use of novel as well as previously established therapeutics, such as immunomodulators, hormonal treatments, cardiometabolic medications, and cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-κB inhibitors, can target inflammatory pathways involved in their pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to dissect the existing literature on the role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders, including the proposed underlying mechanisms and complex interactions, its contribution to clinical sequelae, and the clinical implications this role entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman AlAshqar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lauren Reschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Kirschen GW, Dayton SM, Blakey-Cheung S, Pearl ML. Which patients on a gynecologic oncology service will require perioperative transfusion? A single-center retrospective cohort study. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2021; 48:47-52. [PMID: 34305298 PMCID: PMC8301211 DOI: 10.31083/j.ceog.2021.01.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine which patient- or surgery-related factors are predictive of need for perioperative transfusion to avoid obtaining unnecessary pre-operative type and screens (T&S). We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study of 1200 women ≥ 18 years old undergoing gynecologic surgery for benign, possibly benign, or malignant indications on a gynecologic oncology service at a university medical center from 2009-2016. A logistic regression model was used to examine patient-related and surgery-related variables predictive of outcome of transfusion. Independent variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical indication surgical route, and surgical type. Dependent variable was transfusion outcome (T&S only, conversion to type and cross (T&C), or transfusion). Eight hundred ninety-nine (74.9%) women underwent pre-operative T&S, of which 118 (9.8%) were converted to T&C, and 80 (6.7%) received a transfusion of blood or blood products. Cancer indication, major surgery, and preoperative hematocrit less than 36% were significantly associated with need for transfusion (P = 0.002, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with a benign indication undergoing minor procedures and with normal preoperative hematocrit are least likely to require transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, MD 21287 Baltimore, United States
| | - Samantha M Dayton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, 11794 NY, United States
| | - Sophia Blakey-Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwell Health System, Southside Hospital, 11706 NY, United States
| | - Michael L Pearl
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, 11794 NY, United States
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Cochrane E, Pando C, Kirschen GW, Soucier D, Fuchs A, Garry DJ. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and placental abnormalities. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:825-828. [PMID: 32769227 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may be associated with placental abnormalities including placenta previa, umbilical cord abnormalities, and placental abruption. Our study evaluates the relationship between ART and placental abnormalities compared with spontaneously conceived controls. Methods An IRB-approved cohort study was conducted including women who delivered between January 2013 and December 2018. We excluded delivery prior to 23 weeks and known fetal anomalies. Patients were matched with controls (2:1) for parity, age, and mode of delivery. Controls were women who had spontaneously conceived and delivered immediately preceding and following the index delivery. The primary outcome was placental abnormalities found on both antenatal ultrasound and pathology in ART gestations compared with spontaneously conceived gestations. Results There were 120 ART pregnancies and 240 matched control pregnancies identified. The groups were similar for parity, BMI, comorbidities, number of multiples, mode of delivery, and female newborns. The ART group had a higher maternal age (37.1±5 y vs. 30.0±5 y; p<0.001), greater preterm birth (29 vs. 6%; p<0.001), and lower BW (2,928±803 g vs. 3,273±586 g; p<0.001). The ART group had a higher incidence of placenta previa on ultrasound (4.0 vs. 0.4%, p=0.01), adherent placentas at delivery (3 vs. 0% p=0.014), placental abruption (2 vs. 0%; p=0.04), as well as an increased rate of velamentous cord insertion (12 vs. 3%, p<0.001) and marginal cord insertion (28 vs. 15%, p=0.002). ART demonstrated a two-fold likelihood of abnormal placental pathology. Conclusions ART is associated with increased rate of placental abnormalities, including abnormal umbilical cord insertion and increased rates of adherent placentation. This information may be beneficial in planning and surveillance in patients with ART pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cochrane
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christine Pando
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Devon Soucier
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David J Garry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kirschen GW, Seidman R, Chitkara M, Cherian J. Progressive Bilateral Lower Extremity Weakness and Muscle Soreness in a 17-year-old Dancer. Pediatr Rev 2020; 41:S98-S100. [PMID: 33004596 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2018-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Residency, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Julie Cherian
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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20
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Wohl A, Kirschen GW. Reading the Child Within: How Bibliotherapy Can Help the Victim of Child Sexual Abuse. J Child Sex Abus 2020; 29:490-498. [PMID: 31448980 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1630882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bibliotherapy, the use of storytelling as part of the healing process, has been successfully incorporated into clinical practice for a variety of indications including psychological trauma. This therapeutic modality, which incorporates mindful meditation, non-threatening use of metaphor, and autonomic regulation, can help children and adults alike, who are willing to engage in a story. Yet, bibliotherapy has not been widely adapted as a routine part of the therapeutic toolbox in the context of sufferers of childhood sexual abuse. Here, we review current practices regarding the adjunctive use of bibliotherapy for victims of child sexual abuse, touch upon the theoretical basis of bibliotherapy, and lay out a number of readily-useable strategies for implementing bibliotherapy in one's practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Wohl
- Child, Adolescent, Adult Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Private Practice, Jericho, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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21
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Kirschen GW, Wood LF, Semenyuk N. A Practical Approach to Congenital Urogenital Anomalies in Female Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Ann 2020; 49:e188-e195. [PMID: 32275764 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200323-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract are relatively common and can be both confusing to understand as well as challenging to diagnose and manage in a busy pediatric clinical practice. Here, we lay out some of the most common genitourinary tract anomalies in female pediatric patients. We highlight the key embryologic development, present case examples, and discuss appropriate testing, treatment, and counseling for patients and their families regarding congenital disorders of the vulva, vagina, uterus, ovaries, and associated pathology. The goal of this review is to demystify these conditions and provide a practical guide for the general pediatrician who is often at the frontline making the initial diagnosis and caring for these patients. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(4):e188-e195.].
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22
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Ahamad A, Wang J, Ge S, Kirschen GW. Early Dendritic Morphogenesis of Adult-Born Dentate Granule Cells Is Regulated by FHL2. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:202. [PMID: 32256309 PMCID: PMC7090230 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentate granule cells (DGCs), the progeny of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG), must develop and functionally integrate with the mature cohort of neurons in order to maintain critical hippocampal functions throughout adulthood. Dysregulation in the continuum of DGC development can result in aberrant morphology and disrupted functional maturation, impairing neuroplasticity of the network. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of the signaling involved in adult-born DGC maturation including dendritic growth, which correlates with functional integration, remains incompletely understood. Given the high metabolic activity in the dentate gyrus (DG) required to achieve continuous neurogenesis, we investigated the potential regulatory role of a cellular metabolism-linked gene recently implicated in NSC cycling and neuroblast migration, called Four and a half LIM domain 2 (FHL2). The FHL2 protein modulates numerous pathways related to proliferation, migration, survival and cytoskeletal rearrangement in peripheral tissues, interacting with the machinery of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway, also known to be highly active especially in the hippocampus. Yet, the potential relevance of FHL2 to adult-born DGC development remains unknown. To elucidate the role of FHL2 in DGC development in the adult brain, we first confirmed the endogenous expression of FHL2 in NSCs and new granule cells within the DG, then engineered viral vectors for genetic manipulation experiments, investigating morphological changes in early stages of DGC development. Overexpression of FHL2 during early DGC development resulted in marked sprouting and branching of dendrites, while silencing of FHL2 increased dendritic length. Together, these findings suggest a novel role of FHL2 in adult-born DGC morphological maturation, which may open up a new line of investigation regarding the relevance of this gene in physiology and pathologies of the hippocampus such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrinash Ahamad
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jia Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Yang CH, Di Antonio A, Kirschen GW, Varma P, Hsieh J, Ge S. Circuit Integration Initiation of New Hippocampal Neurons in the Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 30:959-968.e3. [PMID: 31995766 PMCID: PMC7011119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, new dentate granule cells integrate into neural circuits and participate in hippocampal functioning. However, when and how they initiate this integration remain poorly understood. Using retroviral and live-imaging methods, we find that new neurons undergo neurite remodeling for competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning in the dentate gyrus prior to circuit integration. Gene expression profiling, lipidomics analysis, and molecular interrogation of new neurons during this period reveal a rapid activation of sphingolipid signaling mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Genetic manipulation of this G protein-coupled receptor reveals its requirement for successful repositioning of new neurons. This receptor is also activated by hippocampus-engaged behaviors, which enhances repositioning efficiency. These findings reveal that activity-dependent sphingolipid signaling regulates cellular repositioning of new dentate granule cells. The competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning of new neurons may provide a gating strategy in the adult brain to limit the integration of new neurons into pre-existing circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Adrian Di Antonio
- Program in Neuroscience, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Science Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Parul Varma
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Abstract
Astrocytes, glial cells that interact extensively with neurons and other support cells throughout the central nervous system, have recently come under the spotlight for their potential contribution to, or potential regenerative role in a host of neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that astrocytes, in concert with microglial cells, activate intrinsic immunological pathways in the setting of neurodegenerative injury, although the direct and indirect consequences of such activation are still largely unknown. We review the current literature on the astrocyte’s role in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as highlighting recent advances in genetic manipulation of astrocytes that may prove critical to modulating their response to neurological injury, potentially combatting neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kery
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Allen P F Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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25
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Kirschen GW, Altieri MS, Yelika S, Bates AT, Schnur J, Docimo S, Spaniolas K, Zhu C, Yang J, Talamini M, Pryor AD, Sbayi S. Does the adoption of an emergency general surgery service model influence volume of cholecystectomies at a tertiary care center. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:3064-3071. [PMID: 31399949 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of cholecystectomy before and after adoption of an emergency general surgery (EGS) model at our institution. METHODS A longitudinal, observational study was conducted prior to and following introduction of an EGS model at our institution. Using the New York SPARCS Administrative Database, all adult patients presenting to the emergency department with gallbladder-related emergencies were identified. The rates of laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies performed 3 years prior and 3 years following the adoption of the EGS model were examined. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the incidence of cholecystectomy at initial ED visit at our institution pre- and post-EGS introduction as well as to those in the rest of the state as an external control group, while adjusting for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS There were 176,159 total ED visits of patients with gallbladder emergencies (154,743 excluding repeat presenters) in the studied period in NY State. Of these, 63,912 patients (41.3%) had a concurrent cholecystectomy in NY State. The rate of cholecystectomy at these institutions remained relatively steady from 38.8% from 2010 to 2013 and 38.6% from 2013 to 2016. At our institution, there were 2039 gallbladder emergencies, and of those 755 underwent cholecystectomy. At our institution, there was an increase from 28.21% 3 years prior to the adoption of the EGS model to 40.2% in the following 3 years (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.0164-1.1078, p = 0.0069). CONCLUSION The initiation of the EGS model at a tertiary center was associated with a significant increase in the number of concurrent cholecystectomies from 28.21 to 40.2% over a 6-year period. This change was accompanied by an increase in the number of patient comorbidities and a lower insurance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Maria S Altieri
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Suresh Yelika
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Andrew T Bates
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Jessica Schnur
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Salvatore Docimo
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Konstantinos Spaniolas
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Chencan Zhu
- Graduate Program in Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Mark Talamini
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Aurora D Pryor
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Samer Sbayi
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA. .,Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced GI Surgery, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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26
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Kirschen GW, Singer DD, Thode HC, Singer AJ. Relationship between body temperature and heart rate in adults and children: A local and national study. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 38:929-933. [PMID: 31345594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A patient's vital signs are all inextricably interrelated, and together provide critical information regarding hemodynamic and physiological status. Yet, the precise relationship between body temperature (T) and heart rate (HR) in adults remains a fundamental gap in our knowledge. METHODS We performed a retrospective secondary analysis of (1) electronic medical records from a large academic center (annual ED census of 110,000) and (2) the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a large CDC-sponsored weighted sample of U.S. EDs and our own large tertiary care ED, extracting demographic and clinical data including vital signs. RESULTS We included 8715 local ED visits and approximately 123.3 million estimated national adult ED visits. Mean T was 36.9 °C, and 5.2% of patients had a T over 38 °C. Mean (SD) HR was 93.3 bpm, 28% had a HR over 100 bpm. Males had significantly lower HR than females (coefficient -1.6, 95%CI -2.4 to -0.8), while age was negatively associated with HR (coefficient -0.08, 95%CI -0.10 to -0.06). For national data, an increase of 1 °C in T corresponded to an increase in HR of 7.2 bpm (95%CI 6.2 to 8.3). After adjusting for age and gender, a 1 °C increase in T corresponded to a mean (95%CI) 10.4 (9.5-11.4) and 6.9 (5.9-7.8) increase in HR locally and nationally, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among adult ED patients nationally, for every increase in T of 1 °C, the HR increases by approximately 7 bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel D Singer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Henry C Thode
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Adam J Singer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
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Kirschen GW, Ge S. Young at heart: Insights into hippocampal neurogenesis in the aged brain. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111934. [PMID: 31054278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While the existence and importance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in young adult rodents has been well-established, such qualities in aged animals and humans have remained poorly understood. Most evidence in humans has come from hippocampal volumetric changes that provide no direct proof of new neurons in adulthood. Here, we review the basic neurobiological evidence for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the aged brain of experimental animals with short and long lifespans, and humans. The rate of cell cycling and addition of new hippocampal neurons to the existing hippocampal circuit undoubtedly decreases with age. Yet, neural stem/progenitor cells that persist into senescence may activate and produce a substantial number of functional new neurons that exhibit enhanced survival and integration given the right set of conditions. There thus exists remarkable potential for newly-generated neurons in the senescent hippocampus to make important circuit- and behavioral-level contributions, which may serve as a target for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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Abstract
Brain metabolism is a fragile balance between nutrient/oxygen supply provided by the blood and neuronal/glial demand. Small perturbations in these parameters are necessary for proper homeostatic functioning and information processing, but can also cause significant damage and cell death if dysregulated. During embryonic and early post-natal development, massive neurogenesis occurs, a process that continues at a limited rate in adulthood in two neurogenic niches, one in the lateral ventricle and the other in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. When metabolic demand does not correspond with supply, which can occur dramatically in the case of hypoxia or ischemia, or more subtly in the case of neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders, both of these neurogenic niches can respond—either in a beneficial manner, to regenerate damaged or lost tissue, or in a detrimental fashion—creating aberrant synaptic connections. In this review, we focus on the complex relationship that exists between the cerebral vasculature and neurogenesis across development and in disease states including hypoxic-ischemic injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although there is still much to be elucidated, we are beginning to appreciate how neurogenesis may help or harm the metabolically-injured brain, in the hopes that these insights can be used to tailor novel therapeutics to regenerate damaged tissue after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Kéry
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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30
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Kirschen GW, Ge S, Park IM. Probability of viral labeling of neural stem cells in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2018; 681:17-18. [PMID: 29777716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the neuroscience field over the past several decades, viral vectors have become powerful gene delivery systems to study neural populations of interest. For neural stem cell (NSC) biology, such viruses are often used to birth-date and track NSCs over developmental time in lineage tracing experiments. Yet, the probability of successful infection of a given stem cell in vivo remains unknown. This information would be helpful to inform investigators interested in titrating their viruses to selectively target sparsely-populated clusters of cells in the nervous system. Here, we describe a novel approach to calculate the probability of successful viral infection of NSCs using experimentally-derived cell cluster data from our newly-developed method to sparsely label adult NSCs, and a simple statistical derivation. Others interested in precisely defining their viral infection efficiency can use this method for a variety of basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook School of Medicine, United States; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Il Memming Park
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States.
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31
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Abstract
Hypo-sexuality, self-reported hypoactive sexual desire and/or sexual aversion, is a common symptom experienced by women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse. This symptom may be distressing to the patient herself, and may place strain on her romantic relationships in adulthood. Unfortunately, this problem often remains undiscussed between patient and provider, in part due to the provider's lack of comfort or knowledge regarding how best to address this issue. In this article, we explore several strategies that providers may employ in a group setting in order to help women realize their sexuality while minimizing untoward side effects such as feelings of guilt or shame, or flashbacks. We highlight the merits of each technique, and provide insights from clinical experience to guide practitioners to help their patients facing this difficult issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Wohl
- a Child, Adolescent, Adult Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Private Practice , Jericho , NY
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- b Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Department of Neurobiology & Behavior , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY
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32
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Kirschen GW, Kéry R, Liu H, Ahamad A, Chen L, Akmentin W, Kumar R, Levine J, Xiong Q, Ge S. Genetic dissection of the neuro-glio-vascular machinery in the adult brain. Mol Brain 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29335006 PMCID: PMC5769320 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult brain actively controls its metabolic homeostasis via the circulatory system at the blood brain barrier interface. The mechanisms underlying the functional coupling from neuron to vessel remain poorly understood. Here, we established a novel method to genetically isolate the individual components of this coupling machinery using a combination of viral vectors. We first discovered a surprising non-uniformity of the glio-vascular structure in different brain regions. We carried out a viral injection screen and found that intravenous Canine Adenovirus 2 (CAV2) preferentially targeted perivascular astrocytes throughout the adult brain, with sparing of the hippocampal hilus from infection. Using this new intravenous method to target astrocytes, we selectively ablated these cells and observed severe defects in hippocampus-dependent contextual memory and the metabolically regulated process of hippocampal neurogenesis. Combined with AAV9 targeting of neurons and endothelial cells, all components of the neuro-glio-vascular machinery can be simultaneously labeled for genetic manipulation. Together, we demonstrate a novel method, which we term CATNAP (CAV/AAV Targeting of Neurons and Astrocytes Perivascularly), to target and manipulate the neuro-glio-vascular machinery in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rachel Kéry
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Afrinash Ahamad
- School of Health Technology & Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wendy Akmentin
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Joel Levine
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Kirschen GW, Lane DS, Messina CR, Fisher PR. Do they practice what we preach: Findings from over a decade of breast imaging CME. Breast J 2017; 24:101-102. [PMID: 28585709 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Dorothy S Lane
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Catherine R Messina
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paul R Fisher
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kirschen GW, Liu H, Lang T, Liang X, Ge S, Xiong Q. The radial organization of neuronal primary cilia is acutely disrupted by seizure and ischemic brain injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:124-138. [PMID: 28473847 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal primary cilia are sensory organelles that are critically involved in the proper growth, development, and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent work also suggests that they signal in the context of CNS injury, and that abnormal ciliary signaling may be implicated in neurological diseases. METHODS We quantified the distribution of neuronal primary cilia alignment throughout the normal adult mouse brain by immunohistochemical staining for the primary cilia marker adenylyl cyclase III (ACIII) and measuring the angles of primary cilia with respect to global and local coordinate planes. We then introduced two different models of acute brain insult-temporal lobe seizure and cerebral ischemia, and re-examined neuronal primary cilia distribution, as well as ciliary lengths and the proportion of neurons harboring cilia. RESULTS Under basal conditions, cortical cilia align themselves radially with respect to the cortical surface, while cilia in the dentate gyrus align themselves radially with respect to the granule cell layer. Cilia of neurons in the striatum and thalamus, by contrast, exhibit a wide distribution of ciliary arrangements. In both cases of acute brain insult, primary cilia alignment was significantly disrupted in a region-specific manner, with areas affected by the insult preferentially disrupted. Further, the two models promoted differential effects on ciliary lengths, while only the ischemia model decreased the proportion of ciliated cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for the regional anatomical organization of neuronal primary cilia in the adult brain and suggest that various brain insults may disrupt this organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tracy Lang
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Simons Summer Research Program (SSRP)
| | - Xuelin Liang
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Abstract
The primary cilium, a hair-like sensory organelle found on most mammalian cells, has gained recent attention within the field of neuroscience. Although neural primary cilia have been known to play a role in embryonic central nervous system patterning, we are just beginning to appreciate their importance in the mature organism. After several decades of investigation and controversy, the neural primary cilium is emerging as an important regulator of neuroplasticity in the healthy adult central nervous system. Further, primary cilia have recently been implicated in disease states such as cancer and epilepsy. Intriguingly, while primary cilia are expressed throughout the central nervous system, their structure, receptors, and signaling pathways vary by anatomical region and neural cell type. These differences likely bear relevance to both their homeostatic and neuropathological functions, although much remains to be uncovered. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of neural primary cilia and highlight several key advances in the field over the past few decades. We then set forth a proposed research agenda to fill in the gaps in our knowledge regarding how the primary cilium functions and malfunctions in nervous tissue, with the ultimate goal of targeting this sensory structure for neural repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Rhee S, Kirschen GW, Gu Y, Ge S. Depletion of primary cilia from mature dentate granule cells impairs hippocampus-dependent contextual memory. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34370. [PMID: 27678193 PMCID: PMC5039642 DOI: 10.1038/srep34370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, a sensory organelle, regulates cell proliferation and neuronal development of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus. However, its role in the function of mature dentate granule cells remains unknown. Here we specifically depleted and disrupted ciliary proteins IFT20 and Kif3A (respectively) in mature dentate granule cells and investigated hippocampus-dependent contextual memory and long-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses. We found that depletion of IFT20 in these cells significantly impaired context-dependent fear-related memory. Furthermore, we tested synaptic plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in area CA3 and found increased long-term potentiation upon depletion of IFT20 or disruption of Kif3A. Our findings suggest a role of primary cilia in the memory function of mature dentate granule cells, which may result from abnormal mossy fiber synaptic plasticity. A direct link between the primary cilia of mature dentate granule cells and behavior will require further investigation using independent approaches to manipulate primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Rhee
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gregory W. Kirschen
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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