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Meng W, Cheng Y, Shen G, Shen H, Su H, Tao S. The Long Hazy Tail: Analysis of the Impacts and Trends of Severe Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution in North China. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:8326-8335. [PMID: 38696616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
China, especially the densely populated North China region, experienced severe haze events in the past decade that concerned the public. Although the most extreme cases have been largely eliminated through recent mitigation measures, severe outdoor air pollution persists and its environmental impact needs to be understood. Severe indoor pollution draws less public attention due to the short visible distance indoors, but its public health impacts cannot be ignored. Herein, we assess the trends and impacts of severe outdoor and indoor air pollution in North China from 2014 to 2021. Our results demonstrate the uneven contribution of severe hazy days to ambient and exposure concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5). Although severe indoor pollution contributes to indoor PM2.5 concentrations (23%) to a similar extent as severe haze contributes to ambient PM2.5 concentrations (21%), the former's contribution to premature deaths was significantly higher. Furthermore, residential emissions contributed more in the higher PM2.5 concentration range both indoors and outdoors. Notably, severe haze had greater health impacts on urban residents, while severe indoor pollution was more impactful in rural areas. Our findings suggest that, besides reducing severe haze, mitigating severe indoor pollution is an important aspect of combating air pollution, especially toward improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Su
- Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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2
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Puzzolo E, Fleeman N, Lorenzetti F, Rubinstein F, Li Y, Xing R, Shen G, Nix E, Maden M, Bresnahan R, Duarte R, Abebe L, Lewis J, Williams KN, Adahir-Rohani H, Pope D. Estimated health effects from domestic use of gaseous fuels for cooking and heating in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Lancet Respir Med 2024; 12:281-293. [PMID: 38310914 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to household air pollution from polluting domestic fuel (solid fuel and kerosene) represents a substantial global public health burden and there is an urgent need for rapid transition to clean domestic fuels. Gas for cooking and heating might possibly affect child asthma, wheezing, and respiratory health. The aim of this review was to synthesise the evidence on the health effects of gaseous fuels to inform policies for scalable clean household energy. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarised the health effects from cooking or heating with gas compared with polluting fuels (eg, wood or charcoal) and clean energy (eg, electricity and solar energy). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Environment Complete, GreenFile, Google Scholar, Wanfang DATA, and CNKI for articles published between Dec 16, 2020, and Feb 6, 2021. Studies eligible for inclusion had to compare gas for cooking or heating with polluting fuels (eg, wood or charcoal) or clean energy (eg, electricity or solar energy) and present data for health outcomes in general populations. Studies that reported health outcomes that were exacerbations of existing underlying conditions were excluded. Several of our reviewers were involved in screening studies, data extraction, and quality assessment (including risk of bias) of included studies; 20% of studies were independently screened, extracted and quality assessed by another reviewer. Disagreements were reconciled through discussion with the wider review team. Included studies were appraised for quality using the Liverpool Quality Assessment Tools. Key health outcomes were grouped for meta-analysis and analysed using Cochrane's RevMan software. Primary outcomes were health effects (eg, acute lower respiratory infections) and secondary outcomes were health symptoms (eg, respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, cough, or breathlessness). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021227092. FINDINGS 116 studies were included in the meta-analysis (two [2%] randomised controlled trials, 13 [11%] case-control studies, 23 [20%] cohort studies, and 78 [67%] cross-sectional studies), contributing 215 effect estimates for five grouped health outcomes. Compared with polluting fuels, use of gas significantly lowered the risk of pneumonia (OR 0·54, 95% CI 0·38-0·77; p=0·00080), wheeze (OR 0·42, 0·30-0·59; p<0·0001), cough (OR 0·44, 0·32-0·62; p<0·0001), breathlessness (OR 0·40, 0·21-0·76; p=0·0052), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0·37, 0·23-0·60; p<0·0001), bronchitis (OR 0·60, 0·43-0·82; p=0·0015), pulmonary function deficit (OR 0·27, 0·17-0·44; p<0·0001), severe respiratory illness or death (OR 0·27, 0·11-0·63; p=0·0024), preterm birth (OR 0·66, 0·45-0·97; p=0·033), and low birth weight (OR 0·70, 0·53-0·93; p=0·015). Non-statistically significant effects were observed for asthma in children (OR 1·04, 0·70-1·55; p=0·84), asthma in adults (OR 0·65, 0·43-1·00; p=0·052), and small for gestational age (OR 1·04, 0·89-1·21; p=0·62). Compared with electricity, use of gas significantly increased risk of pneumonia (OR 1·26, 1·03-1·53; p=0·025) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1·15, 1·06-1·25; p=0·0011), although smaller non-significant effects were observed for higher-quality studies. In addition, a small increased risk of asthma in children was not significant (OR 1·09, 0·99-1·19; p=0·071) and no significant associations were found for adult asthma, wheeze, cough, and breathlessness (p>0·05). A significant decreased risk of bronchitis was observed (OR 0·87, 0·81-0·93; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Switching from polluting fuels to gaseous household fuels could lower health risk and associated morbidity and mortality in resource-poor countries where reliance on polluting fuels is greatest. Although gas fuel use was associated with a slightly higher risk for some health outcomes compared with electricity, gas is an important transitional option for health in countries where access to reliable electricity supply for cooking or heating is not feasible in the near term. FUNDING WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Puzzolo
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Nigel Fleeman
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Federico Lorenzetti
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fernando Rubinstein
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yaojie Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xing
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Emily Nix
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Bresnahan
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rui Duarte
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lydia Abebe
- Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Lewis
- Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kendra N Williams
- Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heather Adahir-Rohani
- Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Pope
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Zhou Y, Xiao K, Zhang Y, Fu D, Jiang K, Luo J, Li Y, Shen G, Liu W, Tao S, Lu S. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in industrial soils from northwestern of China: occurrence, distribution, exposure risk, and implications on risk-based controls. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:135. [PMID: 38483670 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Some Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) such as nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) and methyl-PAHs (MPAHs) have attracted significant concern due to derivatives have greater potential to be more toxic at low environmental concentrations compared to their PPAHs, particularly in petrochemical industrial region and its surrounding areas surface soils in China. Hence, this article provides an insight into the fate, sources, impacts, and relevance to the external environment of PAH-derivatives based on important emissions source. Moreover, prospective health risk due to their exposure has also been discussed. In this study, the concentration (10-3 ng/g) of Ʃ18PPAHs, Ʃ11MPAHs, Ʃ12NPAHs, and Ʃ4OPAHs in the park were 9.67 ± 1.40, 3.24 ± 0.54, 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.65, respectively, which were 4.47, 3.89, 2.04 and 1.17 times than of them surrounding the region. A decreasing trend of the low molecular weight (2-4Rings) contribution to the total amount of PAHs, while the fraction of high molecular weight (5-6Rings) species showed the opposite trend. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios indicated PAHs in the soil samples have mixed sources from industrial activities, solid fuel combustion, and heavy traffic. Despite the high concentrations of MPAHs and OPAHs, the toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQs) of them were not calculated due to the lack of toxic equivalent factors (TEF), thus current studies on PAH and derivatives could have underestimated their exposure risks. The quality and sustainable management of soils are crucial for human health and sustainable development, while there is lack of public awareness of the severe issue of soil pollution. It is recommended to conduct more intensive monitoring and regional assessments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Donglei Fu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinmu Luo
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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4
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Xing R, Luo Z, Zhang W, Xiong R, Jiang K, Meng W, Meng J, Dai H, Xue B, Shen H, Shen G. Household fuel and direct carbon emission disparity in rural China. Environ Int 2024; 185:108549. [PMID: 38447453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Universal access to clean fuels in household use is one explicit indicator of sustainable development while currently still billions of people rely on solid fuels for daily cooking. Despite of the recognized clean transition trend in general, disparities in household energy mix in different activities (e.g. cooking and heating) and historical trends remain to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed the historical changing trend of the disparity in household cooking and heating activities and associated carbon emissions in rural China. The study found that the poor had higher total direct energy consumption but used less modern energy, especially in cooking activities, in which the poor consumed 60 % more energy than the rich. The disparity in modern household energy use decreased over time, but conversely the disparity in total residential energy consumption increased due to the different energy elasticities as income increases. Though per-capita household CO2 and Black Carbon (BC) emissions were decreasing under switching to modern energies, the disparity in household CO2 and BC deepened over time, and the low-income groups emitted ∼ 10 kg CO2 more compared to the high-income population. Relying solely on spontaneous clean cooking transition had limited impacts in reducing disparities in household energy and carbon emissions, whereas improving access to modern energy had substantial potential to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions and its disparity. Differentiated energy-related policies to promote high-efficiency modern heating energies affordable for the low-income population should be developed to reduce the disparity, and consequently benefit human health and climate change equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xing
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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5
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Zheng L, Adalibieke W, Zhou F, He P, Chen Y, Guo P, He J, Zhang Y, Xu P, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Shen G, Fu TM, Yang X, Zhao S, Hakami A, Russell AG, Tao S, Meng J, Shen H. Health burden from food systems is highly unequal across income groups. Nat Food 2024; 5:251-261. [PMID: 38486126 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Food consumption contributes to the degradation of air quality in regions where food is produced, creating a contrast between the health burden caused by a specific population through its food consumption and that faced by this same population as a consequence of food production activities. Here we explore this inequality within China's food system by linking air-pollution-related health burden from production to consumption, at high levels of spatial and sectorial granularity. We find that low-income groups bear a 70% higher air-pollution-related health burden from food production than from food consumption, while high-income groups benefit from a 29% lower health burden relative to their food consumption. This discrepancy largely stems from a concentration of low-income residents in food production areas, exposed to higher emissions from agriculture. Comprehensive interventions targeting both production and consumption sides can effectively reduce health damages and concurrently mitigate associated inequalities, while singular interventions exhibit limited efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pan He
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Yilin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinling He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunliu Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir Hakami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shu Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Vilcins D, Christofferson RC, Yoon JH, Nazli SN, Sly PD, Cormier SA, Shen G. Updates in Air Pollution: Current Research and Future Challenges. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:9. [PMID: 38312715 PMCID: PMC10836163 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The United Nations has declared that humans have a right to clean air. Despite this, many deaths and disability-adjusted life years are attributed to air pollution exposure each year. We face both challenges to air quality and opportunities to improve, but several areas need to be addressed with urgency. Objective This paper summarises the recent research presented at the Pacific Basin Consortium for Environment and Health Symposium and focuses on three key areas of air pollution that are important to human health and require more research. Findings and conclusion Indoor spaces are commonly places of exposure to poor air quality and are difficult to monitor and regulate. Global climate change risks worsening air quality in a bi-directional fashion. The rising use of electric vehicles may offer opportunities to improve air quality, but it also presents new challenges. Government policies and initiatives could lead to improved air and environmental justice. Several populations, such as older people and children, face increased harm from air pollution and should become priority groups for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwan Vilcins
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca C. Christofferson
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jin-Ho Yoon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Siti Nurshahida Nazli
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephania A. Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College and the Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Liu D, Li G, Wang S, Liu Z, Wang Y, Connolly L, Usevitch DE, Shen G, Cleary K, Iordachita I. A magnetic resonance conditional robot for lumbar spinal injection: Development and preliminary validation. Int J Med Robot 2024; 20:e2618. [PMID: 38536711 PMCID: PMC10982612 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work presents the design and preliminary validation of a Magnetic Resonance (MR) conditional robot for lumbar injection for the treatment of lower back pain. METHODS This is a 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot that is 200 × 230 × 130 mm3 in volume and has a mass of 0.8 kg. Its lightweight and compact features allow it to be directly affixed to patient's back, establishing a rigid connection, thus reducing positional errors caused by patient movements during treatment. RESULTS To validate the positioning accuracy of the needle by the robot, an electromagnetic (EM) tracking system and a needle with an EM sensor embedded in the tip were used for the free space evaluation with position accuracy of 0.88 ± 0.46 mm and phantom mock insertions using the Loop-X CBCT scanner with target position accuracy of 3.62 ± 0.92 mm. CONCLUSION Preliminary experiments demonstrated that the proposed robot showed improvements and benefits in its rotation range, flexible needle adjustment, and sensor protection compared with previous and existing systems, offering broader clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Connolly
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Usevitch
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guofeng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin Cleary
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Ling J, Yu W, Zhang L, Wu R, Yang D, Qu J, Jin H, Tao Z, Shen Y, Meng R, Yu J, Zheng Q, Shen G, Du W, Sun H, Zhao M. Identification of point and nonpoint emission sources of neonicotinoid pollution in regional surface water. Water Res 2024; 248:120863. [PMID: 37976945 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely applied in farmland, with high detection rates in soils and surface waters, posing potential risks to biodiversity and human health. As a nonpoint emission, surface runoff is widely regarded as the major source of neonicotinoid pollution in surface waters, but few studies have determined the point source contribution to rivers that may be primarily from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Here, we collected the surface water from eight river basins in Zhejiang Province of China and quantified residual concentrations of eight widely commercialized neonicotinoids. Four of these were detected in all samples, with concentrations of dinotefuran and nitenpyram of 119 ± 166 and 87.6 ± 25.3 ng/L, respectively, representing more than 90 % of the total (282 ± 174 ng/L). Neonicotinoid residues were higher in tributaries due to nearby farmland and more dilution effects in the mainstream, and the residues were higher in lower reaches which can be explained by the water flow direction. Significant spatial differences in neonicotinoid distribution between surface water and agricultural soils result from environmental factors (e.g., water turbidity, precipitation, temperature) impacting migration and transport processes. Neonicotinoid residues in surface water showed a significant positive correlation with total WWTP emissions after adjusting for environmental factors. Conversely, no significant association was observed with cropland density (a nonpoint emission source), indicating that point emission source (contributing 20.6 %) predominantly influenced neonicotinoid residue spatial variation in river basin-scale surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China.
| | - Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Ruxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Jiajia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China.
| | - Zhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Yuexin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Ruirui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Jingtong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Qingyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Haitong Sun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
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9
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He J, Shen H, Lei T, Chen Y, Meng J, Sun H, Li M, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Shen G, Guan D, Fu TM, Yang X, Tao S. Investigation of Plant-Level Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Chemical Industry Highlights the Importance of Differentiated Control in China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21295-21305. [PMID: 38064660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The chemical industry is a significant source of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), pivotal precursors to ambient ozone (O3), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Despite their importance, precise estimation of these emissions remains challenging, impeding the implementation of NMVOC controls. Here, we present the first comprehensive plant-level assessment of NMVOC emissions from the chemical industry in China, encompassing 3461 plants, 127 products, and 50 NMVOC compounds from 2010 to 2019. Our findings revealed that the chemical industry in China emitted a total of 3105 (interquartile range: 1179-8113) Gg of NMVOCs in 2019, with a few specific products accounting for the majority of the emissions. Generally, plants engaged in chemical fibers production or situated in eastern China pose a greater risk to public health due to their higher formation potentials of O3 and SOA or their proximity to residential areas or both. We demonstrated that targeting these high-risk plants for emission reduction could enhance health benefits by 7-37% per unit of emission reduction on average compared to the current situation. Consequently, this study provides essential insights for developing effective plant-specific NMVOC control strategies within China's chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling He
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianyang Lei
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K
| | - Haitong Sun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 EW, U.K
- Centre for Sustainable Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Hu Y, Kong S, Cheng Y, Shen G, Liu D, Wang S, Guo L, Fu P. Identification and Parametrization of Key Factors Affecting Levoglucosan Emission During Solid Fuel Burning. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20043-20052. [PMID: 37992316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (LG) is a pyrolysis product of cellulose and hemicellulose at low combustion temperatures. However, LG release cannot be determined only by considering the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose exclusively due to the complexity of combustion processes and the physical-chemical properties of the fuel. This study detected the emission factors (EFs) of LG from 22 different solid fuel samples (including coal and biomass) by considering 18 different fuel properties and five combustion parameters. The average LGEFs during solid fuel burning varied in a range of 0.03-136 mg kg-1, with a magnitude difference of 1-4 orders. While the variations in cellulose (59.5-368 mg g-1) and hemicellulose (73.5-165 mg g-1) contents of fuel samples were only one- to 6-fold. A short combustion duration (<150 min) and a medium combustion temperature (200-400 °C) influenced by volatile and ash contents are crucial for the generation and accumulation of LG. A random forest coupled with the Akaike information criterion stepwise regression model successfully explained 96% of the total LG emission variation using three variables (ash content, cellulose content, and modified combustion efficiency). The ash content promoted coke formation and LG chain cracking by increasing the pyrolysis temperature and is considered the most important factor. The alkali metal in ash can reduce the energy barrier of intramolecular ring contraction reactions and inhibit the dehydration reactions, which led to additional heat being utilized by the competitive pathways of LG formation. This study provided a method to address the parametrization and release mechanisms of combustion source emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Limin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Chen R, Xing C, Shen G, Jones KC, Zhu Y. Indirect Emissions from Organophosphite Antioxidants Result in Significant Organophosphate Ester Contamination in China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20304-20314. [PMID: 37978933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) have been seriously neglected as potential sources of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in environments. This study utilizes a modeling approach to quantify for the first time national emissions and multimedia distributions of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)─a well-known flame retardant─and three novel OPEs: tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O), bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626═O2), and trisnonylphenol phosphate (TNPP). Emphasis is on the quantitative assessment of OPA source in China. TPHP has 1.1-9.7 times higher emission (300 Mg/year in 2019 with half from OPA sources) than AO168═O (278 Mg/year), AO626═O2 (53 Mg/year), and TNPP (32 Mg/year), but AO168═O is predominant in environments (63-79%) except freshwaters. About 72-99% of the studied OPEs are emitted via air, with 88-99% ultimately distributed into soils as the major sink. OPA-source emissions contribute 9.5-57% and 4.7-56% of TPHP masses and concentrations (except in sediments) in different media, respectively. Both AO168═O and AO626═O2 exhibit high overall persistence ranging between 2 and 11 years. Source emissions and environmental concentrations are elevated in economically developed areas, while persistence is higher in northern areas, where precipitation and temperature are lower. This study shows the significance of the sources of OPA to OPE contamination, which supports chemical management of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changyue Xing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Xu P, Wu N, Shen G. A rapid element pressure field simulation method for transcranial phase correction in focused ultrasound therapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:235015. [PMID: 37934058 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0a59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound ablation has emerged as a promising technique for treating neurological disorders. The clinical system exclusively employed the ray tracing method to compute phase aberrations induced by the human skull, taking into account computational time constraints. However, this method compromises slightly on accuracy compared to simulation-based methods. This study evaluates a fast simulation method that simulates the time-harmonic pressure field within the region of interest for effective phase correction. Experimental validation was carried out using a 512-element, 670 kHz hemispherical transducer for fourex vivoskulls. The ray tracing method achieved a restoration ratio of 64.81% ± 4.33% of acoustic intensity normalized to hydrophone measurements. In comparison, the rapid simulation method demonstrated improved results with a restoration ratio of 73.10% ± 7.46%, albeit slightly lower than the full-wave simulation which achieved a restoration ratio of 75.87% ± 5.40%. The rapid simulation methods exhibited computational times that were less than five minutes for parallel computation with 8 threads. The incident angle was calculated, and a maximum difference of 6.8 degrees was found when the fixed position of the skull was changed. Meanwhile, the restoration ratio of acoustic intensity was validated to be above 70% for different target positions away from the geometrical focus of the transducer. The favorable balance between time consumption and correction accuracy makes this method valuable for clinical treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- Shanghai Shende Green Medical Era Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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Men Y, Li Y, Luo Z, Jiang K, Yi F, Liu X, Xing R, Cheng H, Shen G, Tao S. Interpreting Highly Variable Indoor PM 2.5 in Rural North China Using Machine Learning. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18183-18192. [PMID: 37150969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution associated with solid fuel use is a long-standing public concern. The global population mainly using solid fuels for cooking remains large. Besides cooking, large amounts of coal and biomass fuels are burned for space heating during cold seasons in many regions. In this study, a wintertime multiple-region field campaign was carried out in north China to evaluate indoor PM2.5 variations. With hourly resolved data from ∼1600 households, key influencing factors of indoor PM2.5 were identified from a machine learning approach, and a random forest regression (RFR) model was further developed to quantitatively assess the impacts of household energy transition on indoor PM2.5. The indoor PM2.5 concentration averaged at 120 μg/m3 but ranged from 16 to ∼400 μg/m3. Indoor PM2.5 was ∼60% lower in families using clean heating approaches compared to those burning traditional coal or biomass fuels. The RFR model had a good performance (R2 = 0.85), and the interpretation was consistent with the field observation. A transition to clean coals or biomass pellets can reduce indoor PM2.5 by 20%, and further switching to clean modern energies would reduce it an additional 30%, suggesting many significant benefits in promoting clean transitions in household heating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatai Men
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Beijing Key Lab Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 45001, China
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Liang X, Wang L, Du W, Chen Y, Yun X, Chen Y, Shen G, Shen H, Yang X, Tao S. Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122483. [PMID: 37669698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of maritime traffic, transportation, and fishery activities has increased shipping emissions and degraded the air quality in coastal areas. As a result, controlling ocean-based pollution sources have become increasingly important. This study investigated the real-world emission characteristics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs, a group of highly toxic semi-volatile organic compounds) from five types of offshore ships using diesel oil: small and medium fishing ships, tug boats, ferry, and engineering ships, under various driving mode. Both gaseous and particle emission factors (EF) of four specific OPAHs were determined in our study. Among the OPAHs species emitted from ships, 9-fluorenone (9FO; 72%) and anthrathrace-9,10-quinone (ATQ; 25%) were the most abundant. The arithmetic mean of the sum of gaseous OPAHs EFs for all ships in this study was 2.5 ± 4.4 mg/kg fuel burned, and the mean particulate OPAHs EF was 4.7 ± 7.9 mg/kg. Small fishing ships had the highest total OPAHs EFs (31.0 ± 17.0 mg/kg). Apart from small fishing ships, there was no significant difference in the total EF of OPAHs for the other four types of ships. The emissions of the four OPAHs are predominantly in the particulate phase. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the four OPAHs under different driving mode. According to estimates, the annual OPAH emissions from the four types of ships in Hainan in 2017 were approximately 4.2 (range: 2.7-7.0) tons, dwarfing the OPAH emissions from diesel-powered on-road vehicles in China (23.5 kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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15
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Jiang K, Xing R, Luo Z, Li J, Men Y, Shen H, Shen G, Tao S. Trends in air pollutants emissions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas under different socioeconomic scenarios. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165745. [PMID: 37495127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and its surrounding areas are undergoing rapid changes in socioeconomic conditions, activity sectors, and emission levels. These changes underscore the significance of conducting local environmental assessments in the future and generating air pollutant emission forecasts necessary for effective evaluation. Current pollutants emissions pathways exhibit regional limitation since their based historical inventory could not accurately reflect the emission characteristics in QTP. This study constructed a high spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) atmospheric pollutant emissions dataset in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding Areas (QTPA) based on updated emission inventory and various socioeconomic scenarios. We found that the pollutant emissions levels are distinct among different social development scenarios, with SSP3-7.0 demonstrating the highest magnitude of emissions. Regional and sectoral contributions exhibit substantial variations. Notably, solid fuel combustion originating from residential sectors in Northeast India and open fires in Myanmar are identified as high-density sources of PM2.5 emissions. Current pollutant emission patterns in the QTPA are more akin to SSP2-4.5, however, specific regions such as Qinghai and Tibet have exhibited more pronounced trends of emission reduction. The comparison with previous datasets reveals that the predicted pollutant emissions in this study are lower than Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (SMIP) dataset but higher than Asian-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) dataset due to the revised inventory data and model variations, in which the latter might be the main obstacle to accurate emissions prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 45001, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Jiao X, Xiong R, Luo Z, Li Y, Cheng H, Rashid A, Shen G, Tao S. Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan - Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 133:152-160. [PMID: 37451784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid fuel use (SFU) is common in most developing countries and would release many hazardous air pollutants posing high risks on human health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study highlighted risks associated with household SFU in Pakistan, however, high uncertainties prevail because of scanty data on SFU and unaccounted energy stacking. This study conducted a field campaign aiming at collecting first-hand data on household energy mix in Pakistan. The first survey was in Punjab and Azad Kashmir, and revealed that stacked energy use was pervasive, especially for cooking. The stacking was found to be much more obvious in SFU households (defined as those using SFU dominantly) compared to those non-SFU. There were significantly substantial differences between Azad Kashmir and Punjab because of distinct resources available and economic conditions. Woody materials comprised up to nearly 70% in Azad Kashmir, but in Punjab, gas was frequently used for cooking. Only investigating primary household energy would probably overestimate main energy types that being used for a longer time but underestimated other supplements, suggesting the preference of multiple-energy surveys in household energy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Jiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Xiao K, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Fu D, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Lin Y, Wang Q, Pei J, Shen G. Size-resolved environmentally persistent free radicals in urban road dust and association with transition metals. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:7829-7839. [PMID: 37486413 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are receiving growing concerns owing to their potentially adverse impacts on human health. Road dust is one important source of air pollution in most cities and may pose significant health risks. Characteristics of EPFRs in urban road dusts and its formation mechanism(s) are still rarely studied. Here, we evaluated occurrence and size distributions of EPFRs in road dusts from different functional areas of an urban city, and assessed relationship between EPFRs and some transition metals. Strong electron paramagnetic resonance signals of 6.01 × 1016 - 1.3 × 1019 spins/g with the mean g value of 2.0029 ± 0.0019 were observed, indicating that EPFRs consisted of a mixture of C-centered radicals, and C-centered radicals with an adjacent oxygen atom in the urban road dust. Much more EPFRs enriched in finer dust particles. EPFRs significantly correlated with the total Fe, but not water-soluble Fe, suggesting different impacts of water-soluble and insoluble metals in the formation of EFPRs. Health risk assessment results indicated high risk potentials via the ingestion and dermal exposure to EPFRs in road dusts. Future studies are calling to look into formation mechanisms of EPFRs in urban road dusts and to quantitatively evaluate its potential risks on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yousong Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Donglei Fu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yichun Lin
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Juan Pei
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., No.29 Hongcao Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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18
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Li S, Men Y, Luo Z, Huang W, Xing R, Sun C, Shen G. Indoor exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with solid fuel use in rural China. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:8761-8770. [PMID: 37737552 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants associated with various health risks including lung cancer. Indoor exposure to PAHs, particularly from the indoor burning of fuels, is significant; however, long-term large-scale assessments of indoor PAHs are hampered by high costs and time-consuming in field sampling and laboratory experiments. A simple fuel-based approach and statistical regression models were developed as a trial to predict indoor BaP, as a typical PAH, in China, and consequently spatiotemporal variations in indoor BaP and indoor exposure contributions were discussed. The results show that the national population-weighted indoor BaP concentration has decreased substantially from 46.1 ng/m3 in 1992 to 6.60 ng/m3 in 2017, primarily due to the increased use of clean energies for cooking and heating. Indoor BaP exposure contributed to > 70% of the total inhalation exposure in most cities, particularly in regions where solid fuels are widely utilized. With limited experimental observation data in building statistical models, quantitative results of the study are associated with high uncertainties; however, the study undoubtedly supports effective countermeasures on indoor PAHs from solid fuel use and the importance of promoting clean household energy usage to improve household air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Li
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Shandong Warm Valley New Energy & Environmental Protection, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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19
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Zhang J, Shen H, Chen Y, Meng J, Li J, He J, Guo P, Dai R, Zhang Y, Xu R, Wang J, Zheng S, Lei T, Shen G, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Sun HZ, Fu TM, Yang X, Guan D, Tao S. Iron and Steel Industry Emissions: A Global Analysis of Trends and Drivers. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16477-16488. [PMID: 37867432 PMCID: PMC10621597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The iron and steel industry (ISI) is important for socio-economic progress but emits greenhouse gases and air pollutants detrimental to climate and human health. Understanding its historical emission trends and drivers is crucial for future warming and pollution interventions. Here, we offer an exhaustive analysis of global ISI emissions over the past 60 years, forecasting up to 2050. We evaluate emissions of carbon dioxide and conventional and unconventional air pollutants, including heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Based on this newly established inventory, we dissect the determinants of past emission trends and future trajectories. Results show varied trends for different pollutants. Specifically, PM2.5 emissions decreased consistently during the period 1970 to 2000, attributed to adoption of advanced production technologies. Conversely, NOx and SO2 began declining recently due to stringent controls in major contributors such as China, a trend expected to persist. Currently, end-of-pipe abatement technologies are key to PM2.5 reduction, whereas process modifications are central to CO2 mitigation. Projections suggest that by 2050, developing nations (excluding China) will contribute 52-54% of global ISI PM2.5 emissions, a rise from 29% in 2019. Long-term emission curtailment will necessitate the innovation and widespread adoption of new production and abatement technologies in emerging economies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Zhang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School
of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The
Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K.
| | - Jin Li
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinling He
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Dai
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinghang Wang
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuxiu Zheng
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyang Lei
- Department
of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitong Zhe Sun
- Centre
for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 EW, U.K.
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department
of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute
of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Zhang Q, Yin Z, Lu X, Gong J, Lei Y, Cai B, Cai C, Chai Q, Chen H, Dai H, Dong Z, Geng G, Guan D, Hu J, Huang C, Kang J, Li T, Li W, Lin Y, Liu J, Liu X, Liu Z, Ma J, Shen G, Tong D, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Xie Y, Xu H, Xue T, Zhang B, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zheng B, Zheng Y, Zhu T, Wang J, He K. Synergetic roadmap of carbon neutrality and clean air for China. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2023; 16:100280. [PMID: 37273886 PMCID: PMC10236195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that carbon dioxide and air pollutants share similar emission sources so that synergetic policies on climate change mitigation and air pollution control can lead to remarkable co-benefits on greenhouse gas reduction, air quality improvement, and improved health. In the context of carbon peak, carbon neutrality, and clean air policies, this perspective tracks and analyzes the process of the synergetic governance of air pollution and climate change in China by developing and monitoring 18 indicators. The 18 indicators cover the following five aspects: air pollution and associated weather-climate conditions, progress in structural transition, sources, inks, and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition, health impacts and benefits of coordinated control, and synergetic governance system and practices. By tracking the progress in each indicator, this perspective presents the major accomplishment of coordinated control, identifies the emerging challenges toward the synergetic governance, and provides policy recommendations for designing a synergetic roadmap of Carbon Neutrality and Clean Air for China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhicong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
- Center for Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bofeng Cai
- Center for Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Cilan Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qimin Chai
- National Center for Climate Change, Strategy and International Cooperation, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Huopo Chen
- Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhanfeng Dong
- Institute of Environmental Policy Management, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianing Kang
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongsheng Lin
- School of Economics and Resource Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Energy Foundation China, Beijing, 100004, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinghui Ma
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuying Wang
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Honglei Xu
- Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Environment, and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21 (ACCA21), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
- Center for Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
- Institute of Environmental Policy Management, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Ma T, Zhang S, Xiao Y, Liu X, Wang M, Wu K, Shen G, Huang C, Fang YR, Xie Y. Costs and health benefits of the rural energy transition to carbon neutrality in China. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6101. [PMID: 37773252 PMCID: PMC10541415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rural energy transition is critical in China's efforts to achieve carbon neutrality and improve air quality. However, the costs and health benefits associated with the transition to carbon neutrality remain unclear. Here we explore the cost-effective transition pathways and air quality-related health impacts using an integrated energy-air quality-health modeling framework. We find that decarbonizing rural cooking and heating would triple contemporary energy consumption from 2014 to 2060, considerably reducing energy poverty nationwide. By 2060, electric cooking ranges and air-to-air heat pumps should be widely integrated, costing an additional 13 billion USD nationally in transformation costs, with ~40% concentrated in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Rural residential decarbonization would remarkably improve air quality in northern China, yielding substantial health co-benefits. Notably, monetized health benefits in most provinces are projected to offset transformation costs, except for certain relatively lower-development southwestern provinces, implying more financial support for rural residents in these areas will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Silu Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Xiao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Yan Ru Fang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory for Low-carbon Intelligent Governance, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
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22
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Xiong Y, Shen G, Shi L, Lin Y, Zhang HW, Li SL, Di Q, Chen CH, Cao JJ. [A case of intrarenal artery stenosis treated by transcathether segmental renal artery embolization]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:742-744. [PMID: 37528020 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20221214-01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiong
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - G Shen
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - L Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - H W Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - S L Li
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Q Di
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J J Cao
- Department of Intervention and Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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23
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Song X, Shen G, Grishenkov D. A comparative study on detection of polymer-shelled microbubbles by different excitation pulses. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 154:482-493. [PMID: 37490275 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents are widely used in ultrasound imaging. Many imaging techniques have been developed to improve the contrast between tissue and the agents, based on the nonlinear response of microbubbles. In this study, heterodyne excitation was introduced and was compared with traditional sinusoidal signal and chirp excitation for visualizing polymer-shelled microbubbles and degassed water in a tissue-mimicking phantom. Pulse inversion technique was implemented under plane wave (PW) and focused imaging mode. Image enhancement was evaluated by contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) at different transmitting peak negative pressures (PNPs). Experimental results showed that heterodyne excitation had a better suppression effect on tissue signals in PW imaging. The CTR reached an approximation of 17 dB at a low peak negative pressure, which was much higher compared to other excitations. In focused wave imaging, a saturation threshold of CTR was observed for the sinusoidal wave burst and chirp excitation at high PNPs. Heterodyne excitation showed considerable contrast-to-noise ratio under both imaging modes. The response of a polymer-shelled microbubble under heterodyne excitation was simulated. Simulations suggest that in future work, specific filters are required to extract the nonlinear components, such as at the two-peak frequencies around fundamental frequency, to achieve a better image enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dmitry Grishenkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health System, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
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24
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Meng W, Zhu L, Liang Z, Xu H, Zhang W, Li J, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Shen G, Shen H, Chen Y, Cheng H, Ma J, Tao S. Significant but Inequitable Cost-Effective Benefits of a Clean Heating Campaign in Northern China. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37256786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Residential emissions significantly contribute to air pollution. To address this issue, a clean heating campaign was implemented to replace coal with electricity or natural gas among 13.9 million rural households in northern China. Despite great success, the cost-benefits and environmental equity of this campaign have never been fully investigated. Here, we modeled the environmental and health benefits, as well as the total costs of the campaign, and analyzed the inequality and inequity. We found that even though the campaign decreased only 1.1% of the total energy consumption, PM2.5 emissions and PM2.5 exposure experienced 20% and 36% reduction, respectively, revealing the amplification effects along the causal pathway. Furthermore, the number of premature deaths attributable to residential emissions reduced by 32%, suggesting that the campaign was highly beneficial. Governments and residents shared the cost of 2,520 RMB/household. However, the benefits and the costs were unevenly distributed, as the residents in mountainous areas were not only less benefited from the campaign but also paid more because of the higher costs, resulting in a notably lower cost-effectiveness. Moreover, villages in less developed areas tended to choose natural gas with a lower initial investment but a higher total cost (2,720 RMB/household) over electricity (2,190 RMB/household). With targeted investment and subsidies in less developed areas and the promotion of electricity and other less expensive alternatives, the multidevelopment goals of improved air quality, reduced health impacts, and reduced inequity in future clean heating interventions could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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25
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Ren H, Ge X, Qi Z, Lin Q, Shen G, Yu Y, An T. Emission and gas-particle partitioning characteristics of atmospheric halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants in decabromodiphenyl ethane-manufacturing functional areas. Environ Pollut 2023; 329:121709. [PMID: 37116567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The emission and gas-particle partitioning characteristics in various functional areas of production lines are still unknown. However, flame-retardant manufacturing activities are the primary emission source of flame retardants. Thus, fine particles and gases were investigated in three functional areas of a decabromodiphenyl ethane production line, i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DPs), and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in a flame-retardant manufacturing factory. High levels of PBDEs (8.02 × 103-4.16 × 104 pg/m3), NBFRs (6.05 × 103-1.92 × 105 pg/m3), and DPs (89.5-5.20 × 103 pg/m3) were found in various functional areas, suggesting manufacturing activities were a primary emission source. In contrast, OPFRs were derived from long-range transport or other non-industrial sources. Varied concentrations of PBDEs, NBFRs, and DPs were observed in different production lines, higher in the reaction zone area than others. As the predominant compounds, decabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ethane, syn-DP, and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate accounted for 54.7%, 89.3%, 93.4%, and 34.7% of PBDEs, NBFRs, DPs, and OPFRs, respectively. Three models were used to predict the gas-particle partitioning of the halogenated flame retardants emitted from manufacturing activities. The Li-Jia Empirical Model predicted the gas-particle partitioning behavior well. This research shows that the adsorption-desorption process of the halogenated flame retardants between the gaseous and particulate phases did not reach equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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26
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Zhu Y, Jiao X, Meng W, Yu X, Cheng H, Shen G, Wang X, Tao S. Drinking Water in Rural China: Water Sources, Treatment, and Boiling Energy. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6465-6473. [PMID: 37040484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water is a major public concern in China. A national survey of 57 029 households was conducted to fill major knowledge gaps on drinking water sources, end-of-use treatment methods, and energy used to boil water. Herein, we show that surface water and well water were frequently used by >147 million rural residents living in low-income inland and mountainous areas. Driven by socioeconomic development and government intervention, the level of access to tap water in rural China increased to 70% by 2017. Nevertheless, the rate was considerably lower than that in cities and unevenly distributed across the country. Approximately 90% of drinking water was boiled, an increase from 85% a decade ago. The contribution of electricity, mainly electric kettles, to the boiling of water was 69%. Similar to cooking, living conditions and heating requirements are the main influencing indicators of energy used to boil water. In addition to socioeconomic development, government intervention is a key factor driving the transition to safe water sources, universal access to tap water, and clean energy. Further improvement in drinking water safety in poor and remote rural areas remains challenging, and more intervention and more investment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Jiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Liu D, Shen G, Tang N, Lu H, Wei B. Robotic system for magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focus ultrasound application: Feasibility of breast fibroadenoma treatment. Int J Med Robot 2023:e2519. [PMID: 37081747 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents a high-intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU) robotic system for treating breast fibroadenoma under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound, the system aims to deliver ultrasound energy to a target precisely without damaging the normal tissue. The temperature elevation can be monitored in real time by MRI, and the treatment plan can be adjusted during the procedure. The requirements, design specifications, control system and registration of the robotic system are specified. METHODS The robotic system was designed with a 3 degrees of freedom manipulator with limit switches and encoders, a customised MRI-compatible breast coil, a water bladder with sets of breast-conforming brackets, and a probe capable of generating ultrasound. Twenty volunteers were recruited for this study, and their data were analysed to provide more precise data for the design. The accuracy of the robot was evaluated in free space using a coordinate measuring machine, phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue in MRI room. The study also verified the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the MRI with the effect of the robotic system. RESULTS The research findings revealed that the manipulator exhibited a translational precision of 0.10 ± 0.14 mm, a rotational fidelity around the X direction of 0.11 ± 0.09°, and an oscillatory exactness around the Y direction of 0.10 ± 0.08°. The investigation of positioning accuracy demonstrated that the robot's error in free space was 0.26 ± 0.07 mm. When subjected to MRI room with agar-silica phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue, the positioning accuracy amounted to 1.11 ± 0.47 mm and 1.57 ± 0.52 mm. In the presence of the robotic system, the SNR of the MRI experienced a 4.2% reduction, which had a negligible impact on image quality. CONCLUSIONS The conducted experiments validate the efficacy of the proposed MRI-guided HIFU robotic system in executing agar-silica phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue investigations with adequate positioning accuracy. Consequently, this system exhibits certain feasibility for the treatment of breast fibroadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Tang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxin Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Shanghai Shende Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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28
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Chen Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Cao L, Ling J, Liao K, Shen G, Du W, Chen K, Zhao M, Wu J, Jin H. First evidence of neonicotinoid insecticides in human bile and associated hepatotoxicity risk. J Hazard Mater 2023; 446:130715. [PMID: 36603418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely applied in agricultural lands and are widespread in different environments, accelerating threats to ecosystems and human health. A number of in vitro/in vivo studies have reported adverse effects of NEOs on mammalian health, but the link between NEO exposure and toxic effects on human liver remains unclear. We randomly recruited 201 participants and quantified eight commercialized NEOs in bile. High frequency and concentration of detection indicate low degradation of human liver on NEOs. The main NEOs are nitenpyram and dinotefuran, which contribute to about 86% of the total residual levels of eight NEOs, due to the highest solubility in bile and are not degraded easily in liver. In contrast, imidacloprid and thiacloprid are major compounds in human blood, according to previous studies, suggesting that individual NEOs behave differently in blood and bile distribution. There was no statistical difference in NEO residues between cancer and non-cancer participants and among the different participant demographics (e.g., age, gender, and body mass index). The serum hematological parameters -bile acid, total bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase -were positively correlated with individual NEO concentrations, suggesting that NEO exposure affects liver metabolism and even enterohepatic circulation. The study first examined the NEO residues in human bile and provided new insights into their bioavailability and hepatoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Kaizhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Kangjie Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China.
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29
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Wang X, Yin Y, Yu Z, Shen G, Cheng H, Tao S. Distinct distribution patterns of the abundant and rare bacteria in high plateau hot spring sediments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 863:160832. [PMID: 36521602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and distribution patterns of the abundant and rare microbial sub-communities in hot spring ecosystems and their assembly mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study investigated the diversity and distribution patterns of the total, abundant, conditionally rare, and always rare taxa in the low- and moderate-temperature hot spring sediments on the Tibetan Plateau based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and explored their major environmental drivers. The diversity of these four bacterial taxa showed no significant change between the low-temperature and moderate-temperature hot spring sediments, whereas the bacterial compositions were obviously different. Stochasticity dominated the bacterial sub-community assemblages, while heterogeneous selection also played an important role in shaping the abundant and conditionally rare taxa between the low-temperature and moderate-temperature hot spring sediments. No significant difference in the topological properties of co-occurrence networks was found between the conditionally rare and abundant taxa, and the connections between the paired operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were almost positive. The diversity of the total, abundant, and conditionally rare taxa was governed by the salinity of hot spring sediments, while that of the always rare taxa was determined by the content of S element. In contrast, temperature had significant direct effect on the composition of the total, abundant, and conditionally rare taxa, but relatively weak influence on that of the always rare taxa. Besides, salinity was another major environmental factor driving the composition of the abundant and rare sub-communities in the hot spring sediments. These results reveal the assembly processes and major environmental drivers that shaped different bacterial sub-communities in the hot spring sediments on the Tibetan Plateau, and indicate the importance of conditionally rare taxa in constructing bacterial communities. These findings enhance the current understanding of the ecological mechanisms maintaining the ecosystem stability and services in extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Yin
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Liu X, Li Y, Luo Z, Xing R, Men Y, Huang W, Jiang K, Zhang L, Sun C, Xie L, Cheng H, Shen H, Chen Y, Du W, Shen G, Tao S. Identification of Factors Determining Household PM 2.5 Variations at Regional Scale and Their Implications for Pollution Mitigation. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3722-3732. [PMID: 36826460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Indoor PM2.5, particulate matter no more than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic equivalent diameter, has very high spatiotemporal variabilities; and exploring the key factors influencing the variabilities is critical for purifying air and protecting human health. Here, we conducted a longer-term field monitoring campaign using low-cost sensors and evaluated inter- and intra-household PM2.5 variations in rural areas where energy or stove stacking is common. Household PM2.5 varied largely across different homes but also within households. Using generalized linear models and dominance analysis, we estimated that outdoor PM2.5 explained 19% of the intrahousehold variation in indoor daily PM2.5, whereas factors like the outdoor temperature and indoor-outdoor temperature difference that was associated with energy use directly or indirectly, explained 26% of the temporal variation. Inter-household variation was lower than intrahousehold variation. The inter-household variation was strongly associated with distinct internal sources, with energy-use-associated factors explaining 35% of the variation. The statistical source apportionment model estimated that solid fuel burning for heating contributed an average of 31%-55% of PM2.5 annually, whereas the contribution of sources originating from the outdoors was ≤10%. By replacing raw biomass or coal with biomass pellets in gasifier burners for heating, indoor PM2.5 could be significantly reduced and indoor temperature substantially increased, providing thermal comforts in addition to improved air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resource Utilization Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Shandong Warm Valley New Energy and Environmental Protection, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Longjiao Xie
- Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wei Du
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Huang L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ye Z, Ren F, Liu X, Shen G. Impact of Stove Renovation on PM 2.5 Exposure, Risk Perception, Self-Protective Willingness of Rural Residents. Toxics 2023; 11:245. [PMID: 36977010 PMCID: PMC10051283 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve household air quality, the Chinese government has launched a number of pilot stove renovation projects, but few studies have explored the impact of the project on people's perception of and willingness to participate in these renovations; moreover, factors affecting willingness to pay for the project in rural China are not yet clear. We conducted a field measurement and a corresponding door-to-door questionnaire survey using the renovated group and the unrenovated group. The results showed that (1) the stove renovation project could not only reduce PM2.5 exposure and the excess mortality risk of rural residents, but also (2) improve residents' risk perception and self-protective willingness. (3) Specifically, the project had a deeper impact on female and low-income residents. (4) Meanwhile, the higher the income and the larger family size, the higher the risk perception and self-protective willingness. (5) Furthermore, willingness to pay for the project was related with residents' support for the project, benefit from renovation, income, and family size. Our results recommended that stove renovation policies should pay more attention to families with lower income and smaller size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziwen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Futian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Jiang K, Men Y, Xing R, Fu B, Shen G, Li B, Tao S. Divergent Energy-Climate Nexus in the Global Fuel Combustion Processes. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2506-2515. [PMID: 36734358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fuel combustion provides basic energy for the society but also produces CO2 and incomplete combustion products that threaten human survival, climate change, and global sustainability. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly have distinct impacts on climate, which remains to be quantitatively assessed. This study uses updated emission inventories and an earth system model to evaluate absolute and relative contributions in combustion emission-associated climate forcing by fuels, sectors, and regions. We showed that, from 1970 to 2014, coal burned in the energy sector and oil used in the transportation sector contributed comparable energies consumed (24 and 20% of the total) but had distinct climate forcing (1 and 40%, respectively). Globally, coal burned for energy production had negative impacts on climate forcing but positive effects in the residential sector. In many developing countries, coal combustion in the energy sector had negative radiative forcing (RF) per unit energy consumed due to insufficient controls on sulfur and scattering aerosol levels, but oils in the transportation sector had high positive RF values. These results had important implications on the energy transition and emission reduction actions in response to climate change. Distinct climate efficiencies of energies and the spatial heterogeneity implied differentiated energy utilization strategies and pollution control policies by region and sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou45001, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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33
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Cao JJ, Di Q, Shen G, Li SL, Chen CH, Xiong Y, Jiao YH, Guo XF. [Clinical analysis of 4 acute ischemic stroke children treated with endovascular thrombectomy]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:159-163. [PMID: 36720599 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220927-00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the feasibility of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children. Methods: Clinical data and follow-up information of 4 AIS children who received EVT in the Department of Intervention & Hemangioma at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2020 to June 2021 were collected retrospectively. The vascular recanalization after EVT was assessed by the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. Efficacy outcomes were assessed with initial and postprocedural Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) score, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Safety assessments included perioperative complications and intracranial hemorrhage post-treatment. Results: A total of 5 EVT treatment were performed on 4 children with AIS, of whom 3 were male. The age of onset was 4.6, 13.8, 7.8, 8.0, 8.9 years, respectively. The time from symptom onset to initiation of EVT was 19.0, 25.0, 22.0, 4.0, 16.5 hours, respectively and all patients achieved successful recanalization of the vessel after EVT (mTICI≥2b). The PedNIHSS score was 39, 14, 25, 39, 24 before treatment and decreased to 8, 1, 12, 39, 5 at discharge. All the procedures were performed with no perioperative complications. Only 1 patient with congenital heart disease had a recurrent AIS with malignant brain oedema and brain hernia. Although the occluded vessels were successfully recanalized,the symptoms were not improved and this patient died after treatment abandonment. The other 3 patients achieved good recovery at 6 months postoperatively. The mRS score of 3 patients was 3, 1, 2 at 3 months after EVT and decreased to 2, 1, 1 at 6 months. Conclusion: EVT treatment may be feasible and safe for pediatric AIS due to large vessel occlusion even when the treatment was initiated 6 hours post stroke, but children with heart disease may have a dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cao
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Q Di
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - G Shen
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - S L Li
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y Xiong
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y H Jiao
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - X F Guo
- Department of Intervention & Hemangioma, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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34
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Long S, Hamilton PB, Fu B, Xu J, Han L, Suo X, Lai Y, Shen G, Xu F, Li B. Bioaccumulation and emission of organophosphate esters in plants affecting the atmosphere's phosphorus cycle. Environ Pollut 2023; 318:120803. [PMID: 36503012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic phosphorus budgets remains a research conundrum and global concern. In this work, the uptake, distribution, bioaccumulation and emission of organophosphate esters (OPEs) by clove trees (Syzygium aromaticum), lemon trees (Citrus limon) and cape jasmine trees (Gardenia jasminoides var. fortuniana) was investigated as conduits for phosphorus transfer or sinks and sources. The objective was to assess the role OPEs in soils play as atmospheric phosphorus sources through plant bioaccumulation and emission. Results demonstrated OPEs in experimental soil plots ranging from 0.01 to 81.0 ng g-1 dry weight, were absorbed and transported through plants to the atmosphere. The total emission of OPEs varied greatly from 0.2 to 588.9 pg g-1 L-1 h-1, with a mean of 47.6 pg g-1 L-1 h-1. There was a negative linear relationship between the concentrations of total phosphorus and four OPEs, tri-iso-butyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate, tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate and tripentyl phosphate. Trimethyl phosphate levels were positively correlated with total nitrogen, and the concentrations of tri-iso-butyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate, tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate and tripentyl phosphate decreased along with available potassium in leaves after 72 h. There was a significantly positive linear relationship between higher emission concentrations of OPEs and the emission factor of OPEs concentration (F = 4.2, P = 0.002), with lower emissions of OPEs and the bioaccumulation of OPEs in leaves (F = 4.8, P = 0.004). OPEs releases to the atmosphere were enriched in aerosols, and participate in atmospheric chemical reactions like photolysis, thereby affecting the phosphorus balance and cycling in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Long
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Paul B Hamilton
- Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Bo Fu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luchao Han
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhao Suo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuqin Lai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
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35
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Wang X, Yu Z, Shen G, Cheng H, Tao S. Distribution of microbial communities in seasonally frozen soil layers on the Tibetan Plateau and the driving environmental factors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:1919-1937. [PMID: 35925461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large stocks of carbon and nitrogen stored in permafrost regions can potentially feed back to global biogeochemical cycles under climate warming. To understand the response of microbial communities to environmental changes, this study investigated the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in the upper layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) of seasonally frozen soil on the Tibetan Plateau and their relationships with the environmental factors. A total of 135 soil samples were collected from the soils at depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm in the Lhasa River and Nyang River basins, and the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in them were identified by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial diversity changed significantly with soil depth in the Nyang River basin (p < 0.001), while no obvious change was found in the Lhasa River basin. The whole bacterial composition exhibited small variations across different soil layers (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of aerobic bacteria, Sphingomonas and Arthrobacter, decreased with soil depth, while that of the other aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and anaerobic bacteria did not exhibit this trend. Soil pH was the key driving edaphic factor of the whole bacterial composition in all three depth layers, while vegetation also had an important influence on bacterial composition. Arthrobacter, Bradyrhizobium, and Bacillus had obvious correlations with soil nutrients or vegetation, while the other species were not significantly correlated with any environmental factors. Structural equation modeling revealed that vegetation and mean annual temperature had a key direct impact on the bacterial diversity and composition, respectively. Climate also indirectly affected bacterial communities, mainly through shaping soil pH and vegetation. These results indicate that the soil depth has a different impact on the bacterial α-diversity, whole bacterial composition, and specific taxa in the 0-30-cm surface layers of seasonally frozen soil, which were mainly determined by various environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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36
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Mutlu E, Cristy T, Stiffler B, Waidyanatha S, Chartier R, Jetter J, Krantz T, Shen G, Champion W, Miller B, Richey J, Burback B, Rider CV. Do Storage Conditions Affect Collected Cookstove Emission Samples? Implications for Field Studies. ANAL LETT 2022; 56:1911-1931. [PMID: 37200484 PMCID: PMC10054858 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cookstove emissions are a significant source of indoor air pollution in developing countries and rural communities world-wide. Considering that many research sites for evaluating cookstove emissions and interventions are remote and require potentially lengthy periods of particulate matter (PM) filter sample storage in sub-optimal conditions (e.g., lack of cold storage), an important question is whether samples collected in the field are stable over time. To investigate this, red oak was burned in a natural-draft stove, and fine PM (PM2.5) was collected on polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Filters were stored at either ambient temperature or more optimal conditions (-20°C or -80°C) for up to 3 months and extracted. The effects of storage temperature and length on stability were evaluated for measurements of extractable organic matter (EOM), PM2.5, and polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) levels in the filter extracts. A parallel, controlled laboratory condition was also evaluated to further explore sources of variability. In general, PM2.5 and EOM in both simulated field and laboratory samples were similar regardless of the storage condition or duration. The extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography to quantify 22 PACs and determine similarities and/or differences between the conditions. PAC levels were a more sensitive stability measure in differentiating between storage conditions. The findings suggest that measurements are relatively consistent across storage duration/temperatures for filter samples with relatively low EOM levels. This study aims to inform protocols and filter storage procedures for exposure and intervention research conducted in low- and middle-income countries where studies may be budget- and infrastructure-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Mutlu
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jim Jetter
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Todd Krantz
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Wyatt Champion
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow at U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, RTP, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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37
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Wang J, Du W, Chen Y, Lei Y, Chen L, Shen G, Pan B, Tao S. Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from solid fuel combustion in rural China: Database of 12 real-world scenarios for residential cooking and heating activities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158501. [PMID: 36063949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0-682.1 μg/kg and 0.01-131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Wang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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38
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Luo Z, Shen G, Men Y, Zhang W, Meng W, Zhu W, Meng J, Liu X, Cheng Q, Jiang K, Yun X, Cheng H, Xue T, Shen H, Tao S. Reduced inequality in ambient and household PM 2.5 exposure in China. Environ Int 2022; 170:107599. [PMID: 36323065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The society has high concerns on the inequality that people are disproportionately exposed to ambient air pollution, but with more time spent indoors, the disparity in the total exposure considering both indoor and outdoor exposure has not been explored; and with the socioeconomical development and efforts in fighting against air pollution, it is unknown how the exposure inequality changed over time. Based on the city-level panel data, this study revealed the Concentration Index (C) in ambient PM2.5 exposure inequality was positive, indicating the low-income group exposed to lower ambient PM2.5; however, the total PM2.5 exposure was negatively correlated with the income, showing a negative C value. The low-income population exposed to high PM2.5 associated with larger contributions of indoor exposure from the residential emissions. The total PM2.5 exposure caused 1.13 (0.63-1.73) million premature deaths in 2019, with only 14 % were high-income population. The toughest-ever air pollution countermeasures have reduced ambient PM2.5 exposures effectively that, however, benefited the rich population more than the others. The transition to clean household energy sources significantly affected on indoor air quality improvements, as well as alleviation of ambient air pollution, resulting in notable reductions of the total PM2.5 exposure and especially benefiting the low-income groups. The negative C values decreased from 2000 to 2019, indicating a significantly reducing trend in the total PM2.5 exposure inequality over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yatai Men
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Xinlei Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang X, Shen Z, Huang S, Che H, Zhang L, Lei Y, Sun J, Shen G, Xu H, Cao J. Water-soluble iron in PM 2.5 in winter over six Chinese megacities: Distributions, sources, and environmental implications. Environ Pollut 2022; 314:120329. [PMID: 36195196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble iron (ws-Fe) in PM2.5 plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric chemical processes. The anthropogenic sources of ws-Fe have attracted considerable attention owing to its high solubility. However, few studies have investigated the content of PM2.5 ws-Fe in the urban environment. In the present study, we characterized the spatial distributions of ws-Fe in six Chinese megacities in the winter of 2019. Furthermore, we investigated the speciation of PM2.5 ws-Fe (ws-Fe(II) and ws-Fe(III)), potential sources of ws-Fe, and association between ws-Fe and particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher ws-Fe concentrations were observed in northern cities (Harbin, Beijing, and Xi'an) than in southern cities (Chengdu, Wuhan, and Guangzhou). Moreover, atmospheric ws-Fe concentrations in urban China were several folds higher than those in urban areas of the United States and several orders of magnitude higher than those in remote oceans, indicating that China is a key contributor to global atmospheric ws-Fe. The dominant form of ws-Fe was ws-Fe(III) in Beijing, whereas ws-Fe(II) was more abundant in the other five cities. The concentrations of ws-Fe and ws-Fe(II) concentrations increased with increasing PM2.5 levels in all the six cities, however, we did not observe any consistent pattern of ws-Fe(III) concentration. Biomass burning was a dominant source of ws-Fe in all cities except Beijing. A strong positive correlation was observed between particle-bound ROS content and ws-Fe; this finding is consistent with those of previous studies indicating that ws-Fe in PM2.5 notably influences atmospheric chemical processes and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Hu H, Wu R, Ling J, Yue S, Yang D, Yu W, Du W, Shen G, Zhao M. Neonicotinoid pollution in marine sediments of the East China Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156658. [PMID: 35691346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely and exceedingly applied in farmlands worldwide and are ubiquitous in various environments, including surface water, soil, river sediments, etc. However, few studies reported neonicotinoid residues in the marine environment. Considering the large application of neonicotinoids in China, here, we collected marine sediments in offshore and far sea areas of the East China Sea, including the Hangzhou Bay and the area along the Zhejiang Province coast, and measured the concentrations of nine commercialized neonicotinoids. The total concentration of neonicotinoids was 11.9 ± 6.22 ng/g (dry weight) (range: 4.77-29.9 ng/g), which was higher than other regions reported in previous studies. Neonicotinoid residues found in far sea areas were statistically lower than those in offshore areas. Nitenpyram and dinotefuran were the dominant compounds, contributing to >75 % of the total residue. It is thought that the flux of the Yangtze River is the main source of the neonicotinoid pollution in the East China Sea and the sediment is the sink of neonicotinoid residue from mainland China. Neonicotinoid residues were found to be negatively correlated with sediment pH, and positively correlated with microbial diversity and nitrate content. Based on structural equation modeling, we also illustrated the associations between neonicotinoid residues and different factors, suggesting that the change in sediment pH and microbial diversity were related to the degradation of neonicotinoid residues. Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirota were found to be the key bacterial community at the phylum level on the degradation of neonicotinoids. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of spatial distribution, source, and migration of neonicotinoids and their impacts on marine microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Ruxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Siqing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Zhang L, Hu B, Liu X, Luo Z, Xing R, Li Y, Xiong R, Li G, Cheng H, Lu Q, Shen G, Tao S. Variabilities in Primary N-Containing Aromatic Compound Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion and Implications for Source Tracers. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13622-13633. [PMID: 36129490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) not only are strongly absorbing chromophores but also adversely affect human health. NACs can be emitted from incomplete combustions and can derive secondarily through photochemical reactions. Here, emission experiments were conducted for 31 fuel-stove combinations to elucidate variations in, and influencing factors of, NAC emission factors (EF∑NACs) and to explore potential tracers for different combustion sources. EF∑NACs varied by 2 orders of magnitude among different combinations. Differences in fuel type contributed more than the stove difference to the observed variation. EF∑NACs for biomass pellets was approximately 66% lower than that for raw biomass, although the bulk organic and brown carbon EFs were 95% lower. 2-Nitro-1-naphthol was the most abundant individual compound, followed by 4-nitrocatechol, while acid compounds (salicylic acid and benzoic acid) were low in abundance (<1%). Substantially different profiles were observed between coal and biomass burning emissions. Biomass burning had more single-ring-based phenolic compounds with more 4-nitrocatechol, while in coal combustion, more two-ring products were produced. This study demonstrated much lower ratios of 2-nitro-1-naphthol/4-nitrocatechol for biomass in both traditional (2.0 ± 3.5) and improved stoves (3.0 ± 2.1) than for coals (15 ± 6). Coal and biomass burning differed in not only EF∑NACs but also compound profile, consequently leading to distinct health and climate impacts; moreover, the ratio of 2-nitro-1-naphthol/4-nitrocatechol may be used in source apportionment of NACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resource Utilization Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Xiong R, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Jiang K, Zheng H, Kong S, Shen H, Cheng H, Shen G, Tao S. Global brown carbon emissions from combustion sources. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2022; 12:100201. [PMID: 36157345 PMCID: PMC9500369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), sometimes known as Brown Carbon (BrC), has been recognized as an important fraction of carbonaceous aerosols substantially affecting radiative forcing. This study firstly developed a bottom-up estimate of global primary BrC, and discussed its spatiotemporal distribution and source contributions from 1960 to 2010. The global total primary BrC emission from both natural and anthropogenic sources in 2010 was 7.26 (5.98-8.93 as an interquartile range) Tg, with 43.5% from anthropogenic sources. High primary BrC emissions were in regions such as Africa, South America, South and East Asia with natural sources (wild fires and deforestation) contributing over 70% in the former two regions, while in East Asia, anthropogenic sources, especially residential solid fuel combustion, accounted for over 80% of the regional total BrC emissions. Globally, the historical trend was mainly driven by anthropogenic sources, which increased from 1960 to 1990 and then started to decline. Residential emissions significantly impacted on emissions and temporal trends that varied by region. In South and Southeast Asia, the emissions increased obviously due to population growth and a slow transition from solid fuels to clean modern energies in the residential sector. It is estimated that in primary OC, the global average was about 20% BrC, but this ratio varied from 13% to 47%, depending on sector and region. In areas with high residential solid fuel combustion emissions, the ratio was generally twice the value in other areas. Uncertainties in the work are associated with the concept of BrC and measurement technologies, pointing to the need for more studies on BrC analysis and quantification in both emissions and the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Corresponding author. Peking University, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Zheng S, Shen H, Shen G, Chen Y, Ma J, Cheng H, Tao S. Vertically-resolved indoor measurements of air pollution during Chinese cooking. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2022; 12:100200. [PMID: 36157347 PMCID: PMC9500372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cooking features several unique processes, e.g., stir-frying and pan-frying, which represent important sources of household air pollution. However, factors affecting household air pollution and the vertical variations of indoor pollutants during Chinese cooking are less clear. Here, using low-cost sensors with high time resolutions, we measured concentrations of five gas species and particulate matter (PM) in three different sizes at multiple heights in a kitchen during eighteen different Chinese cooking events. We found indoor gas species were elevated by 21%-106% during cooking, compared to the background, and PMs were elevated by 44%-159%. Vertically, the pollutants concentrations were highly variable during cooking periods. Gas species generally showed a monotonic increase with height, while PMs changed more diversely depending on the cooking activity's intensity. Intense cooking, e.g., stir-frying, pan-frying, or cooking on high heat, tended to shoot PMs to the upper layers, while moderate ones left PMs within the breathing zone. Individuals with different heights would be subject to different levels of household air pollution exposure during cooking. The high vertical variability challenges the current indoor standard that presumes a uniform pollution level within the breathing zone and thus has important implications for public health and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiu Zheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Ren H, Su P, Kang W, Ge X, Ma S, Shen G, Chen Q, Yu Y, An T. Heterologous spatial distribution of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the primary influencing factors in three industrial parks. Environ Pollut 2022; 310:119912. [PMID: 35961570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from industrial processes are highly spatially heterologous, with limited quantitative studies on their main influencing factors. The present study evaluated the soil PAHs in three types of industrial parks (a petrochemical industrial park, a brominated flame retardant manufacturing park, and an e-waste dismantling park) and their surroundings. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the parks were 340-2.43 × 103, 26.2-2.63 × 103, and 394-2.01 × 104 ng/g, which were significantly higher than those in the surrounding areas by 1-2 orders of magnitude, respectively. The highest soil PAH contamination was observed in the e-waste dismantling park. Nap can be considered as characteristic pollutant in the petrochemical industrial park, while Phe in the flame retardant manufacturing park and e-waste dismantling park. Low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 rings) predominated in the petrochemical industrial park (73.0%) and the surrounding area of brominated flame retardant manufacturing park (80.3%). However, high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were enriched in the other sampling sites, indicating distinct sources and determinants of soil PAHs. Source apportionment results suggested that PAHs in the parks were mainly derived from the leakage of petroleum products in the petroleum manufacturing process and pyrolysis or combustion of fossil fuels. Contrarily, the PAHs in the surrounding areas could have been derived from the historical coal combustion and traffic emissions. Source emissions, wind direction, and local topography influenced the PAH spatial distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peixin Su
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Kang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Wang X, Ren Y, Yu Z, Shen G, Cheng H, Tao S. Effects of environmental factors on the distribution of microbial communities across soils and lake sediments in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156148. [PMID: 35609688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of microbial community diversity and composition of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in undisturbed regions could expand our understanding on the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and ecosystem responses to environmental change. This study investigated the spatial distribution of bacterial community diversity and composition in the lakeshore soils and lake sediments from one of the best preserved nature reserves, Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and explored the corresponding environmental drivers. A total of 36 sediment and soil samples were collected from six alpine lakes and the corresponding shore zones, and their bacterial community structure was identified by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant difference (p < 0.05) in diversity and composition of bacterial communities between the soils and sediments was observed. Heterogeneous selection played a dominant role in shaping the spatial variations of bacterial communities between the soils and sediments. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that the difference in composition of bacterial communities at OTU level between the soils and sediments was mainly determined by the mean annual temperature, salinity, and contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Structural equation modeling revealed that salinity played a significantly direct role in soil bacterial composition, while mean annual temperature indirectly affected the bacterial composition mainly through changing soil salinity. In contrast, the sediment bacterial composition was directly influenced primarily by the contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen, while pH also had an important indirect effect on sediment bacterial composition. These results shed light on the distribution patterns of bacterial communities between lakeshore soils and lake sediments in high-altitude permafrost regions, and the major ecological processes and environmental drivers that shaped their bacterial communities, and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly in such regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuxuan Ren
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ainiwaer S, Chen Y, Shen G, Shen H, Ma J, Cheng H, Tao S. Characterization of the vertical variation in indoor PM 2.5 in an urban apartment in China. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119652. [PMID: 35760202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution has aroused increasing concerns due to its significant adverse health impacts. Indoor PM2.5 exposure assessments often rely on PM2.5 concentration measured at a single height, which overlooks the vertical variation of PM2.5 concentrations accompanied by various indoor activities. In this study, we characterize the vertical profile of PM2.5 concentration by monitoring PM2.5 concentration at eight different heights in the kitchen and the bedroom, respectively, using low-cost sensors with high temporal resolution. The localized enhancement of PM2.5 concentration in elevated heights in the kitchen during cooking was observed on clean and polluted days, showing dominating contribution from cooking activities. The source contribution from cooking and outdoor penetration was semi-quantified using regression models. Stratified source contribution from cooking activities was evident in the kitchen during the cooking period. The contribution in elevated heights (above 170 cm) almost tripled the contrition in bottom layers (below 140 cm). In contrast, little vertical variation was observed during other times of the day in the kitchen or the bedroom. The exposure level calculated using the multi-height measurement in this study is consistently higher than the exposure level estimated from the single-height (at 110 cm) measurement. A more significant discrepancy existed for the cookers (17.8%) than the non-cookers (13.5%). By profiling the vertical gradient of PM2.5 concentration, we show the necessity to conduct multi-height measurements or proper breathing-height measurements to obtain unbiased concentration information for source apportionment and exposure assessment. In particular, the multi-height measuring scheme will be crucial to inform household cooking emission regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subinuer Ainiwaer
- College of Urban Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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47
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Luan M, Zhang T, Li X, Yan C, Sun J, Zhi G, Shen G, Liu X, Zheng M. Investigating the relationship between mass concentration of particulate matter and reactive oxygen species based on residential coal combustion source tests. Environ Res 2022; 212:113499. [PMID: 35618007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been considered to be closely related to human health, especially fine particulate matter. However, whether PM mass concentration alone is a good indicator for health impact remains a challenging question. In this study, emissions from residential coal combustion (RCC), one of the important PM sources in northern China, were tested to examine the relationship between the emission factors of particle-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) (EFROS) and PM (EFPM). A total of 24 combinations of source tests were conducted, including eight types of coal with different geological maturities (two anthracites and six bituminous) burned in three types of stoves (one honeycomb coal stove, one old chunk stove, and one new chunk stove). Here, ROS was defined as generated hydroxyl radical (·OH) by PM, and results showed EFROS from 24 residential coal combustion varied greatly by nearly 20 times. EFROS ranged 0.78-14.85 and 2.99-12.91 mg kg-1 for the emissions from honeycomb and chunk coals, respectively. Moreover, the correlation between EFROS and EFPM was significantly positive in honeycomb coal emissions (r = 0.82, p < 0.05), but it was insignificant in chunk coal emissions (r = 0.07, p > 0.05). For honeycomb coal emissions, organic carbon (OC) was quite abundant in PM and it might be the predominant contributor to both EFPM and EFROS, resulting in a strong and positive correlation. For chunk coal emissions, high EFROS was mainly related to relatively high metal emissions in AN and LVB, while the metals were not major components in PM, leading to a poor correlation between EFPM and EFROS. Therefore, this study revealed that PM was not always positively correlated with ROS from residential coal burning, and the relationship was mainly determined by the compositions of PM, suggesting PM mass concentration alone may not be the best indicator for assessing health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Luan
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of Physical Education, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Guorui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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48
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Li Z, Zhang X, Wang B, Shen G, Zhang Q, Zhu Y. Indoor exposure to selected flame retardants and quantifying importance of environmental, human behavioral and physiological parameters. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155422. [PMID: 35461943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indoor exposure to organic flame retardants (FRs) has raised extensive concern due to associated adverse health effects. Indoor-exposure induced daily intakes of six widely used FRs individually ranged 0.002-611 ng/day and 0.02-463 ng/day, respectively, for adults and 2-6-year-old children; and resulting internal exposure levels ranged 0.1-159 and 2.1-4500 ng/g lipid, respectively. A proportion of 0.001-5.9% and 0.006-10.3% of individual FRs emitted into indoor air ultimately entered bodies of adults and children respectively. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate dominated in emissions, whilst 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate dominated in human bodies. Hand-to-mouth contact was the most important exposure pathway for less volatile FRs including most brominated FRs, whilst inhalation was the predominant intake pathway of tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate. Relative importance of 29 environmental, behavioral and physiological parameters was ranked to explore key drivers influencing exposure and accumulation of FRs in humans. Results suggested that frequent bathing and handwashing can reduce exposure effectively, especially for children. Bodyweight and lipid fraction were only positively related to internal accumulation and body-weight-normalized concentrations of compounds with low metabolic rates (half-lives ≥103 h) in humans. Our findings help control indoor exposure to FRs and are supportive of human exposome studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Big Data and Intelligent Decision-making, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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49
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Wang Y, Su P, Ge X, Ren H, Ma S, Shen G, Chen Q, Yu Y, An T. Identification of specific halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils of petrochemical, flame retardant, and electronic waste dismantling industrial parks. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129160. [PMID: 35605502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/Br-PAHs) have received tremendous attention due to their high toxicity. To identify the emission pattern of Cl/Br-PAHs from various industrial productions, understand the formation mechanisms and the influence on the surroundings, this study investigated the surface soils of three typical industrial parks. Generally, traces of Cl-PAHs were much lower than Br-PAHs. The mean Cl-PAH concentrations followed the trend of petrochemical industrial park (3.12 ng/g), brominated flame retardant (BFR) manufacturing park (1.48 ng/g), and electronic waste dismantling park (0.26 ng/g). However, the BFR manufacturing park had the highest mean Br-PAH concentration (21.6 ng/g), significantly higher than the other two parks. Generally, higher levels of the chemicals were found in the parks than in their surroundings, except for the electronic waste dismantling park. The massive addition of chlorine additives in crude oil and its by-products, plus the enormous quantity of brominated brines used in BFR productions, favor Cl/Br-PAH formation. Analyzing the homolog compositions of Cl/Br-PAHs suggested that 3- or 4-ring Cl/Br-PAHs were typically come from the petrochemical industrial park and electronic waste dismantling park. Contrarily, 4- or 5-ring Cl/Br-PAHs were predominantly come from the BFR manufacturing activity. This study provides fingerprints to trace the Cl/Br-PAH emissions during industrial production and analyzes the formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peixin Su
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Helong Ren
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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50
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Jiang K, Fu B, Luo Z, Xiong R, Men Y, Shen H, Li B, Shen G, Tao S. Attributed radiative forcing of air pollutants from biomass and fossil burning emissions. Environ Pollut 2022; 306:119378. [PMID: 35500713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy is vital to human society but significantly contributes to the deterioration of environmental quality and the global issue of climate change. Biomass and fossil fuels are important energy sources but have distinct pollutant emission characteristics during the burning process. This study aimed at attributing radiative forcing of climate forcers, including greenhouse gases but also short-lived climate pollutants, from the burning of fossil and biomass fuels, and the spatiotemporal characteristics. We found that air pollutant emissions from the burning process of biofuel and fossil fuels induced RFs of 68.2 ± 36.8 mW m-2 and 840 ± 225 mW m-2, respectively. The relatively contribution of biomass burning emissions was 7.6% of that from both fossil and biofuel combustion processes, while its contribution in energy supply was 11%. These relative contributions varied obviously across different regions. The per unit energy consumption of biomass fuel in the developed regions, such as North America (0.57 ± 0.33 mW m-2/107TJ) and Western Europe (0.98 ± 0.79 mW m-2/107TJ), had higher impacts of combustion emission related RFs compared to that of developing regions, like China (0.40 ± 0.26 mW m-2/107TJ), and South and South-East Asia (0.31 ± 0.71 mW m-2/107TJ) where low efficiency biomass burning in residential sector produced significant amounts of organic matter that had a cooling effect. Note that the study only evaluated fuel combustion emission related RFs, and those associated with the production of fuels and land use change should be studied later in promoting a comprehensive understanding on the climate impacts of biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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