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Vuorela T, Vikatmaa P, Seppänen H. Response to: "Comparison of spiral grafts, end-to-end grafts and tangential/patches as reconstruction techniques in pancreatectomy patients with venous resection". Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 64:280. [PMID: 36031047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Vuorela
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
| | - P Vikatmaa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - H Seppänen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Mattila N, Hisada Y, Przybyla B, Posma J, Jouppila A, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Mackman N, Lassila R. Levels of the cancer biomarker CA 19-9 are associated with thrombin generation in plasma from treatment-naïve pancreatic cancer patients. Thromb Res 2020; 199:21-31. [PMID: 33385797 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a hypercoagulable state and high mortality. Increases in the plasma levels of tumor marker carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 are used in diagnosis and follow-up but have also been reported to precede venous thromboembolism (VTE). AIMS We examined the association between CA 19-9 and thrombin generation (TG) in plasma from PDAC patients, as well as their association with coagulation biomarkers prior to pancreatic surgery. In addition, we determined the effect of commercial sources of CA 19-9 on TG. METHODS We collected plasma from 58 treatment-naïve PDAC patients without any signs of VTE. We measured levels of CA 19-9, FVIII, fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin and extracellular vesicle (EV) tissue factor (TF) activity and TG using a Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT). The effect of different commercial sources of CA 19-9 on TG in Standard Human Plasma (SHP) was also studied. RESULTS Patient plasma samples were divided into 4 preoperative groups based on the level of CA 19-9: none < 2, low = 3-200, high = 201-1000, and very high > 1000 U/mL. CA 19-9 levels were associated with several of the TG parameters, including endogenous thrombin potential, peak, and time to peak. CA 19-9 did not associate with any of the coagulation biomarkers. Spiking of SHP with CA 19-9 increased TG but this was decreased by an anti-TF antibody. CONCLUSIONS CA 19-9 was associated with TG in patients prior to any pancreatic cancer treatments or signs of VTE. Some commercial sources of CA 19-9 enhanced TG in SHP seemingly due to contaminating TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mattila
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Hematology, Coagulation Disorders Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y Hisada
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B Przybyla
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Disorders Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Posma
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - A Jouppila
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Disorders Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Research Institute HUCH, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Lassila
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Disorders Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a common disease, the incidence of which is 75-100/100,000/year in Finland. The worldwide incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing. The identified mildcases usually show rapid recovery with conservative treatment allowing early discharge. Severe cases need early intensive care to reduce the risk of serious complications such as multi-organ failure. The revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis was introduced in 2012-2013. A recurrent acute pancreatitis is defined as two or more well-documented separate attacks of acute pancreatitis with complete resolution in between. Alcoholic pancreatitis is the most common recurrent acute pancreatitis type. METHODS In this review current severity classifications and literature on the prevention of recurrent acute pancreatitis are analyzed. RESULTS The severity of the disease is classified as mild, moderately severe, and severe acute pancreatitis. Novel entities include acute peripancreatic fluid collections in mild acute pancreatitis and acute necrotic collections in necrotizing acute pancreatitis lesser than 4 weeks after the onset and pancreatic pseudocyst in mild acute pancreatitis and walled-off necrosis in necrotizing acute pancreatitis more than 4 weeks after the onset of the disease. After the first attack of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis, 46% of the patients develop at least one recurrence within 10- to 20-year follow-up. With repeated intervention against alcohol consumption, it is possible to reduce the recurrences. Removing the gall bladder after biliary pancreatitis is the key preventing recurrences. In mild cases, even during the index admission; in severe cases, it is recommended to wait until the inflammatory changes have resolved. Of total, 59% of the idiopathic pancreatitis had sludge of stones in the gall bladder. In other etiologies, addressing the etiological factor may prevent recurrent acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS This review describes current use of novel severity classifications and also different possibilities to prevent recurrent acute pancreatitis with different etiologies including idiopathic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Puolakkainen
- Department of Surgery, Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Seppänen H, Juuti A, Mustonen H, Haapamäki C, Nordling S, Carpelan-Holmström M, Sirén J, Luettges J, Haglund C, Kiviluoto T. The Results of Pancreatic Resections and Long-Term Survival for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institution Experience. Scand J Surg 2016; 106:54-61. [PMID: 27130378 DOI: 10.1177/1457496916645963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the early 1990s, low long-term survival rates following pancreatic surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have challenged us to improve treatment. In this series, we aim to show improved survival from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma during the era of centralized pancreatic surgery. METHODS Analysis of all pancreatic resections performed at Helsinki University Hospital and survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients during 2000-2013 were included. Post-operative complications such as fistulas, reoperations, and mortality rates were recorded. Patient and tumor characteristics were compared with survival data. RESULTS Of the 853 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, 581 (68%) were pancreaticoduodenectomies, 195 (21%) distal resections, 28 (3%) total pancreatectomies, and 49 (6%) other procedures. Mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy was 2.1%. The clinically relevant B/C fistula rate was 7% after pancreaticoduodenectomy and 13% after distal resection, and the re-operation rate was 5%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were 22% and 14%; for T1-2, N0 and R0 tumors, the corresponding survival rates were 49% and 31%. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 >75 kU/L, carcinoembryonic antigen >5 µg/L, N1, lymph-node ratio >20%, R1, and lack of adjuvant therapy were independent risk factors for decreased survival. CONCLUSION After centralization of pancreatic surgery in southern Finland, we have managed to enable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients to survive markedly longer than in the early 1990s. Based on a 1.7-million population in our clinic, mortality rates are equal to those of other high-volume centers and long-term survival rates for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have now risen to some of the highest reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seppänen
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Juuti
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Mustonen
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Haapamäki
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Nordling
- 2 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Carpelan-Holmström
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sirén
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Luettges
- 3 Department of Pathology, Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Haglund
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kiviluoto
- 1 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Haapamäki C, Seppänen H, Udd M, Juuti A, Halttunen J, Kiviluoto T, Sirén J, Mustonen H, Kylänpää L. Preoperative biliary decompression preceding pancreaticoduodenectomy with plastic or self-expandable metallic stent. Scand J Surg 2014; 104:79-85. [PMID: 25028410 DOI: 10.1177/1457496914543975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The rainage (PBD) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial. If PBD is required, large bore self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are thought to maintain better drainage and have fewer postoperative complications than plastic stents. The confirming evidence is scarce. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of surgery in patients who underwent PBD with SEMS or plastic stents deployed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of 366 patients having had PD during 2000-2009. Preceding endoscopic PBD was performed in 191 patients and nine had had percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD). At the time of operation, 163 patients had a plastic stent and 28 had SEMS. Due to stent exchanges, 176 plastic stents and 29 SEMS were placed in all. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The stent failure rate was 7.4% for plastic stents and 3.4% for SEMS (p = 0.697). A bilirubin level under 50 µmol/L was reached by 80% of the patients with plastic stents and by 61% of the patients with SEMS (p = 0.058). A postoperative infection complication and/or a pancreatic fistula was found in 26% while using plastic stents and in 25% using SEMS (p = 1.000). In unstented patients with biliary obstruction, the bile juice was sterile significantly more often than in endoscopically stented patients (100% vs 1%, p < 0.001). When the stented and unstented patients were compared regarding postoperative infection complications, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.365). Plastic stents did not differ from SEMS regarding the stent failure rate, bilirubin level decrease, amount of bacteria in the bile juice, or postoperative complications when used for PBD. The significantly higher price of SEMS suggests their use in selected cases only.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haapamäki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - H Seppänen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - M Udd
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - A Juuti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - J Halttunen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - T Kiviluoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - J Sirén
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - H Mustonen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - L Kylänpää
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Finland
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Envall J, Janhunen P, Toivanen P, Pajusalu M, Ilbis E, Kalde J, Averin M, Kuuste H, Laizans K, Allik V, Rauhala T, Seppänen H, Kiprich S, Ukkonen J, Haeggström E, Kalvas T, Tarvainen O, Kauppinen J, Nuottajärvi A, Koivisto H. E-sail test payload of the ESTCube-1 nanosatellite. Proc Estonian Acad Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2014.2s.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lätt S, Slavinskis A, Ilbis E, Kvell U, Voormansik K, Kulu E, Pajusalu M, Kuuste H, Sünter I, Eenmäe T, Laizans K, Zalite K, Vendt R, Piepenbrock J, Ansko I, Leitu A, Vahter A, Agu A, Eilonen E, Soolo E, Ehrpais H, Lillmaa H, Mahhonin I, Mõttus J, Viru J, Kalde J, Šubitidze J, Mucenieks J, Šate J, Kütt J, Poļevskis J, Laks J, Kivistik K, Kusmin KL, Kruus KG, Tarbe K, Tuude K, Kalniņa K, Joost L, Lõoke M, Järve M, Vellak M, Neerot M, Valgur M, Pelakauskas M, Averin M, Mikkor M, Veske M, Scheler O, Liias P, Laes P, Rantsus R, Soosaar R, Reinumägi R, Valner R, Kurvits S, Mändmaa SE, Ilves T, Peet T, Ani T, Tilk T, Tamm TC, Scheffler T, Vahter T, Uiboupin T, Evard V, Sisask A, Kimmel L, Krömer O, Rosta R, Janhunen P, Envall J, Toivanen P, Rauhala T, Seppänen H, Ukkonen J, Haeggström E, Kurppa R, Kalvas T, Tarvainen O, Kauppinen J, Nuottajärvi A, Koivisto H, Kiprich S, Obraztsov A, Allik V, Reinart A, Noorma M. ESTCube-1 nanosatellite for electric solar wind sail in-orbit technology demonstration. Proc Estonian Acad Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2014.2s.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Janhunen P, Toivanen PK, Polkko J, Merikallio S, Salminen P, Haeggström E, Seppänen H, Kurppa R, Ukkonen J, Kiprich S, Thornell G, Kratz H, Richter L, Krömer O, Rosta R, Noorma M, Envall J, Lätt S, Mengali G, Quarta AA, Koivisto H, Tarvainen O, Kalvas T, Kauppinen J, Nuottajärvi A, Obraztsov A. Invited article: Electric solar wind sail: toward test missions. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:111301. [PMID: 21133454 DOI: 10.1063/1.3514548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electric solar wind sail (E-sail) is a space propulsion concept that uses the natural solar wind dynamic pressure for producing spacecraft thrust. In its baseline form, the E-sail consists of a number of long, thin, conducting, and centrifugally stretched tethers, which are kept in a high positive potential by an onboard electron gun. The concept gains its efficiency from the fact that the effective sail area, i.e., the potential structure of the tethers, can be millions of times larger than the physical area of the thin tethers wires, which offsets the fact that the dynamic pressure of the solar wind is very weak. Indeed, according to the most recent published estimates, an E-sail of 1 N thrust and 100 kg mass could be built in the rather near future, providing a revolutionary level of propulsive performance (specific acceleration) for travel in the solar system. Here we give a review of the ongoing technical development work of the E-sail, covering tether construction, overall mechanical design alternatives, guidance and navigation strategies, and dynamical and orbital simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Janhunen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki FIN-00100, Finland.
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Tuuminen T, Seppänen H, Pitkänen EM, Palomäki P, Käpyaho K. Improvement of immunoglobulin M capture immunoassay specificity: toxoplasma antibody detection method as a model. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:270-3. [PMID: 9854112 PMCID: PMC84235 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.1.270-273.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture fluorometric enzyme immunoassay used as a model, nonspecific responses due to the binding of human IgM to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates were observed despite the removal of the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin. This interaction may be mediated through the binding of human IgM to the HRP moiety of the conjugate. Addition of polymerized HRP into the reaction mixture reduced nonspecific signals in the majority of low false-positive serum reactions. Other plausible sites of interaction are conserved epitopes of mouse immunoglobulins presenting antigenic similarities with the allotopes of other species. Fragmentation of mouse antimicrobial IgG to Fab' and selection of proper conjugation procedure improved assay specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tuuminen
- Labsystems Research Laboratories, Labsystems OY, 00881 Helsinki, Finland.
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Eaton RB, Petersen E, Seppänen H, Tuuminen T. Multicenter evaluation of a fluorometric enzyme immunocapture assay to detect toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin M in dried blood filter paper specimens from newborns. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:3147-50. [PMID: 8940462 PMCID: PMC229473 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.12.3147-3150.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy-to-perform fluorometric enzyme immunocapture assay (FEIA) was developed by Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland, to detect toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) in dried blood spots. Assay materials were distributed to two sites that have programs in place designed to identify infants born with congenital toxoplasma infection: the Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, and the New England Regional Newborn Screening Program, Boston, Mass. Each site tested over 700 dried blood samples from healthy newborns to define a cutoff at the 99.5 percentile (5 enzyme immunounits for Copenhagen and 4 enzyme immunounits for Boston). Each site then applied its own cutoff of interpret results for dried blood spots prepared from either adults with serology suggestive of acute infection (Copenhagen) or infants determined to be congenitally infected on the basis of serological criteria (Boston). In Copenhagen, 35 of 38 adult samples were either positive to a small degree or borderline positive for IgA. These samples thus may not represent acute infection. In Boston, of 26 congenitally infected infants, 22 were positive by FEIA. The four infant specimens not positive by FEIA were either negative or borderline positive by the standard Boston assay. These results demonstrate that the IgM FEIA is a potential alternative to other filter paper assay for toxoplasma-specific IgM currently in use for newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Eaton
- New England Regional Newborn Screening Program, State Laboratory Institute, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 02130-3523, USA.
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Löfberg M, Junes M, Seppänen H, Rautakorpi I, Paetau A, Härkönen M, Somer H. [McArdle's disease]. Duodecim 1993; 109:1676-1682. [PMID: 7736987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Löfberg
- HYKS:n neurologian klinikka, Helsinki
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Ilonen J, Seppänen H, Närvänen A, Korkolainen M, Salmi AA. Recognition of synthetic peptides with sequences of rubella virus E1 polypeptide by antibodies and T lymphocytes. Viral Immunol 1992; 5:221-8. [PMID: 1384533 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1992.5.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenicity of rubella virus E1 polypeptide was analyzed using synthetic peptides with predicted amino acid sequences. Overlapping solid-phase bound peptides were used to define antibody binding domains and a panel of free peptides to study T-cell responsiveness. Several antibody-binding areas including those earlier described to contain major neutralizing epitopes were recognized by human sera positive for rubella antibodies. T-cell lines specific for rubella virus were established from 14 rubella immune subjects. All cell lines responded to rubella virion-derived antigen but only eight (57%) responded to one or more of the synthetic peptides. Individual patterns of peptide recognition were found but peptide 8 representing amino acids 402-422 was most often stimulatory to T-cells lines, either alone (3 subjects) or in combination with peptide 3 (amino acids 245-269) or 3 and 4 (amino acids 269-287). The response was HLA restricted but no single DR specificity for this restriction was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ilonen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
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Abstract
The envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 of rubella virus were abundantly expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells by using a baculovirus expression vector. The recombinant protein products were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The purified recombinant antigen consisted of the envelope polypeptides, corresponding to the viral E1 and E2 proteins, and a polyprotein precursor (molecular mass, 90 to 95 kDa). The antigen was reactive with human convalescent-phase sera in immunoblot analysis, and the reactivity correlated well (r = 0.861) with that of a whole-virus antigen when tested by EIA by using a total of 106 rubella virus immunoglobulin G-positive and -negative serum specimens. When the sera from patients with recent rubella virus infection were tested with the recombinant glycoproteins by EIA, the correlation was not as close (r = 0.690). However, all of the 26 serum specimens were reactive with the recombinant antigen. The results demonstrate that these bioengineered antigens have a potential for use in routine diagnostic assays of rubella virus immunity and recent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seppänen
- Labsystems Research Laboratories, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Seppänen H. Development of a highly specific and sensitive rubella immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme immunoassay that uses enzyme-labeled antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:719-23. [PMID: 2185260 PMCID: PMC267783 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.4.719-723.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to rubella virus based on enzyme labeling of viral antigen was developed. The sensitivity of the EIA for the detection of recent rubella virus infection was evaluated by using 115 rubella-IgM-antibody-positive serum specimens, which were confirmed as positive by Rubazyme M (Abbott Diagnostics). In addition, 12 individuals, 2 of whom were exposed to rubella through vaccination and 10 of whom were exposed through natural infection, were studied, and the results were compared with those obtained by indirect EIA (Rubelisa M; Electro-Nucleonics, Inc.) and immunoblotting. The sensitivity of the newly developed EIA with sera from these individuals was 100%. Serum specimens from two patients indicated that the IgM antibodies were detected by the newly developed EIA at the same time as IgM antibodies were detected by immunoblotting and before positive reactions were detected by an indirect EIA. The reference population consisted of 564 healthy blood donors and hospitalized patients (150 serum specimens). In addition, 145 serum specimens commonly giving false-positive reactions in conventional rubella IgM EIAs were studied. With these specimens, no false-positive reactions were observed. Positive IgM responses, which could not be confirmed by immunoblotting, were observed in two samples from the reference population. However, these two samples were rubella IgG positive. The overall specificity of the EIA was 99.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seppänen
- Labsystems Research Laboratories, Helsinki, Finland
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Ristolainen E, Seppänen H. Polymerization catalyst surface. Ultramicroscopy 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(86)90145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Partanen P, Seppänen H, Suni J, Vaheri A. Selective reactivity of antibodies to human immunoglobulins G, M, and A with rubella virus proteins. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21:800-2. [PMID: 3998114 PMCID: PMC271785 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.21.5.800-802.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of purified rubella virus were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with human sera and immunoglobulin class heavy-chain-specific peroxidase conjugates. The levels of rubella antibodies in these sera were predetermined by the radial hemolysis test, the density gradient centrifugation method for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, and IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-specific enzyme immunoassays. In immunoblotting, rubella-specific IgG antibodies reacted with both envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) and the capsid protein (C). In contrast, rubella IgM antibodies reacted predominantly with E1, whereas the specific reactivity of IgA antibodies was directed mainly to the capsid protein. Purified IgM rheumatoid factor added to IgG-positive, IgM-negative serum did not give false-positive reactivity in the immunoblotting test as it did in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays. The immunoglobulin class-specific reactivities with the different viral proteins are expected to have diagnostic applications.
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Ojanen TH, Katila ML, Mäntyjärvi R, Seppänen H, Muittari A, Kuusisto P, Virtanen P. Exposure of water consumers to mesophilic actinomycetes. J Hyg (Lond) 1983; 91:535-41. [PMID: 6663066 PMCID: PMC2129329 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In autumn 1978 an epidemic of respiratory disease resembling allergic alveolitis occurred in a small Finnish community. The disease was caused by repeated exposures to tap water aerosol. The raw water of the community and the sand filters of the purification system were heavily contaminated with mesophilic actinomycetes. Fourteen different strains of actinomycetes were isolated. Exposed persons with and without symptoms as well as unexposed control persons were tested for antibodies against five of these actinomycetes and against Enterobacter agglomerans. Both the exposed and the control persons had antibodies to actinomycetes but the exposed persons had antibodies against more actinomycete strains than the control persons. Precipitating antibodies against E. agglomerans were also found in control persons as well as in patients. There was a significant difference between the patients and the exposed healthy persons in bacterial agglutination tests with flagellar antigen of one E. agglomerans strain. However, the role of mesophilic actinomycetes and E. agglomerans in the aetiology of the disease could not be firmly established.
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