Noonan Syndrome Presenting with Stunted Growth: A Case Report

Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that prevents normal development in various parts of the body. A spontaneous mutation without any family history may also result in the condition. Noonan syndrome can affect normal growth. Birth weight may be normal, but growth slows over time. The growth spurt usually seen during the teenage years may be delayed, and bone maturity also is delayed. In this case A 13 year's male admitted inpatient Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital in April 2021 with not attaining appropriate height and delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics. His birth weight was normal; gestational and neonatal history was uneventful. He was diagnosed with severe pulmonary stenosis at four years and underwent cardiac surgery at his four and eleven years. He was noted to have growth failure from the age of 9 years onward. He had no family history of such type of disease. On examination, he was short statured, underweight, having an upper: lower segment ratio of 1.05 with an arm span of 126cm. He had craniosynostosis, high arched palate, the thick helix of ears (outer rim), small, upturned nose, depressed broad nose, deeply grooved philtrum, keratosis pilaris of the face and upper arm, slant eyes with proptosis, keloid scar over mid-chest, widely spaced nipple, shield chest, pectus excavatum and cubitus valgus. His sexual maturation score was A1, P1, B1. He had pulmonary stenosis with pulmonary hypertension. He had mild microcytic anemia with normal liver, renal, blood glucose, and calcium profile. His bone age was delayed (9 years), thyroid function was normal. The growth hormone dynamic test after clonidine stimulation was normal. His karyotype was 46XY. We have considered giving recombinant growth hormone therapy to accelerate his height.

Life cycle of Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tea leaves in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India

The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.), has been cultivated since ancient time and is host to several pest species that can significant reduce productivity. One such pest species is the tea red spider mite. The life cycle of this species, Oligonychus coffeae, Nienter was studied on tea leaves in Darjeeling under laboratory conditions at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. Observations were recorded on freshly laid eggs on tea leaves and continued until individuals reached adulthood. The eggs required an average of 16.17 days to develop into adults. The average longevity of adult was 28.67 days. Our findings contribute to the understanding of mite abundance and population fluctuations in different seasons and climates, and will hopefully help to devise a management strategy for this pest species.

Seasonal effects on the air-water carbon dioxide exchange in the Hooghly estuary, NE coast of Bay of Bengal, India

Monthly variation of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in surface water and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in the Hooghly estuary which is one of the most important estuaries, since it is fed by one of the world's largest rivers, the Ganges with a flow of 15,646 m3 s-1 (1.6% of the world's combined river flow). Carbon dioxide fluxes averaged over the entire estuary are in the range of -2.78 to 84.4 mmol m-2 d-1. This estuary acts as a sink for CO2 during monsoon months and seasonal variation of its flux is controlled by dilution of seawater by river water. Since the solubility of CO2 and the disassociation of carbonic acid in estuarine water are controlled by temperature and salinity, the observed variations of CO2 fluxes are compared with those predicted from seasonal changes in temperature, salinity and the ratio of gross primary production to community respiration using empirical equations with an explained variability of 55%.

Field trial of cyfluthrin as an effective and safe insecticide for control of malaria vectors in triple insecticide resistant areas

Cyfluthrin (Solfac**) 10 wp, a synthetic pyrethroid was evaluated for its efficacy in malaria control through primary health centre approach, and for its acceptance by the community and effect on human health, and non target organisms, in predominantly tribal areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat from 1988 to 1990. Two dosage schedules; 2 rounds of indoor residual sparying a year, at 25 mg/sq. m2 in Maharashtra, and 3 rounds a year at 15 mg/sq. m2, in Gujarat were followed. There was significant reduction in per man hour densities of An. culicifacies the principal malaria vector, and collaterally of C. quinquefasciatus also. Significant reductions in slide positivity rates and slide falciparum rates were observed in both the areas as compared to the controls. The community acceptance of Cyfluthrin in terms of room coverage was 96% in Gujarat, and 89% in Maharashtra, as against average 68.5% and 55% in case of DDT and Malathion respectively. There were no reported ill-effects on humans or non-target organisms.

Malaria transmission during post-spray period of pirimiphos-methyl in Arunachal Pradesh

Observations made for a period of four years from 1985 to 1988 on post-spray impact of pirimiphos-methyl (25 per cent Wp) on malaria vectors in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh showed that a low density (0.0 to 0.02 PMH) of Anopheles dirus was maintained in the areas sprayed with the insecticide at the dosages of 1 and 2 g/m2 from 1981 to 1984. The post-spray data (1985 to 1988) showed a reduction of 62.5 to 62.8 per cent in SPR, 55.6 to 64.7 per cent in SRF and 72.3 to 75.5 per cent decline in API as compared to baseline data of 1980 in areas sprayed with pirimiphos methyl.

Success of integrated methods of control of mosquitoes in India--a review

The integrated methodology for the control of vectors of diseases as well as mosquitoes has become an accepted concept amongst the public health experts. The feasibility of adopting this approach in different situations for mosquito control as per field trials by various institutions has been reviewed in this article. This concept, to some extent, has been in vogue under National Malaria Eradication Programme since long in a practicable way. Satisfactory results have been obtained wherever this approach has been applied carefully. The applicability of the integrated control methodology is not difficult provided various methods to be integrated are chosen and utilized in a rational way. Thorough health education is a prerequisite to awaken the community to accept the methods as part and parcel of routine life.

Filariasis control in rural areas through detection and treatment with diethylcarbamazine

A pilot study for control of bancroftian filariasis through detection and treatment of microfilaria (mf) carriers and filaria disease cases with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) undertaken in the rural areas of Srikakulam and Vizianagaram of Andhra Pradesh showed that this chemotherapeutic method of control of filaria in rural areas is feasible and acceptable to society. During first round of detection and treatment 20,300 mf carriers (90.6 per cent of detected) and 6,588 disease persons (86 per cent of detected) in Srikakulam and 7,097 mf carriers (94.8 per cent of detected) and 1,436 disease persons (93.4 per cent of detected) in Vizianagaram were treated with DEC tablets. These areas were again surveyed after five years and detected cases were treated with DEC with coverage of treatment ranging from 82.3 per cent to 95 per cent for both mf & disease cases and decline in mf and disease rate was noted to be 52.4 per cent and 50.9 per cent respectively in Srikakulam and 42.2 per cent for mf rate in Vizianagaram. The mf reduction was appreciably high (50 per cent or more) in 11 PHCs of Srikakulam and 4 PHCs of Vizianagaram. The mf rate reduction was the highest in the age group of 1 to 4 year indicating that the transmission has been cut down significantly. The vector infection rate showed reduction by 50 per cent during second round of detection and treatment as compared to first round, indicating significant reduction in transmission potential.