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Meng Y, Thornburg L, Dreisbach C, Orzolek C, Kautz A, Murphy H, Rivera-Núñez Z, Wang C, Miller R, O'Connor T, Barrett E. The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4178000. [PMID: 38659862 PMCID: PMC11042427 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178000/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective Intrauterine factors can impact fetal and child growth and may underlie the developmental origins of childhood obesity. Sex steroid hormone exposure during pregnancy is a plausible target because of the impact on placental vascularization, nutrient transportation, bone growth, adipogenesis, and epigenetic modifications. In this study we assessed maternal sex steroid hormones in each trimester in relation to birthweight, neonatal adiposity, and infant growth trajectories, and evaluate sensitive windows of development. Methods Participants from a prospective pregnancy cohort who delivered at term were included in the analysis (n=252). Estrone, estradiol, and estriol, as well as total and free testosterone throughout gestation were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Path analyses were used to assess the direct associations of sex steroid hormones in each trimester with birth outcomes and infant growth trajectories (birth to 12 months) adjusting for covariates and considering moderation by sex. Results The associations between prenatal sex steroid hormones and fetal/infant growth varied by sex and hormone assessment timing. First trimester estrone were associated with higher birthweight z-scores (β=0.37, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.73) and truncal skinfold thickness (TST) at birth (β=0.94, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.54) in female infants. Third trimester total testosterone was associated with higher TST at birth (β=0.61, 95%CI: 0.02, 1.21) in male infants. First trimester estrone/estradiol and first and third trimesters testosterone were associated with lower probabilities of high stable weight trajectory compared to low stable weight trajectory (Estrone: β=-3.87, 95%CI: -6.59, -1.16; First trimester testosterone: β=-3.53, 95%CI: -6.63, -0.43; Third trimester testosterone: β=-3.67, 95%CI: -6.66, -0.69) during infancy in male infants. Conclusions We observed associations between prenatal sex steroid hormone exposure and birthweight, neonatal adiposity and infant growth that were sex and gestational timing dependent. Our findings suggest further investigation on additional mechanisms linking prenatal sex steroid exposure and fetal/postnatal growth is needed.
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Maher RA, Wadden K, Fuller D, Basset F, Murphy H, McGowan E. The Current Landscape of Exercise and Female Fertility Research: A Narrative Review. Reproduction 2024:REP-22-0317. [PMID: 38642581 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Female infertility disproportionately affects people with obesity. Exercise often improves fertility outcomes for this population, however, there is limited prescriptive evidence. Specifically, there is a lack of information on the ideal type, frequency, intensity, and setting of exercise to improve fertility outcomes. Using principles of exercise prescription, this review aimed to describe the scope of exercise interventions that have been explored and fertility outcomes measured for people with female infertility and obesity. A search was completed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL, identifying 16 relevant published articles. Overall, exercise had a positive impact on female fertility outcomes in people with obesity, though there were large variations in the exercise interventions prescribed and outcomes measured. Cyclic exercise (i.e., walking, cycling) was the most common technique incorporated, though a combination of cyclic, acyclic (i.e., circuit training, boot camp), or individualization was often used. Several fertility outcomes were reported; however, rate of conception, pregnancy, and live birth rates were the most common, which, we suggest, should always be reported in fertility intervention research. We stress that future studies provide more thorough descriptions of their implemented exercise interventions to facilitate reproducibility and comparisons between studies. Closer attention to the principles of exercise prescription when developing and reporting exercise interventions will help improve fertility outcomes, mainly live birth rates, for those with female infertility and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Maher
- R Maher, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Katie Wadden
- K Wadden, Faculty of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- D Fuller, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Fabien Basset
- F Basset, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Hannah Murphy
- H Murphy, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Erin McGowan
- E McGowan, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Cavanaugh G, Bai J, Tartar JL, Lin J, Nunn T, Sangwan N, Patel D, Stanis S, Patel RK, Rrukiqi D, Murphy H. Enteric Dysbiosis in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Response to Stress. Cureus 2024; 16:e53305. [PMID: 38435887 PMCID: PMC10905207 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microbiome studies in humans, though limited, have facilitated the evaluation of the potential connection between the microbiome and brain function. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have several behavioral challenges and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, which may contribute to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Aim The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which the gut microbiome of children with ASD differs in comparison to children with neurotypical development (CWND) and to assess whether a probiotic intervention has the potential to influence the gut microbiome in mediating positive behavior change and stress regulation. Methods This pilot study collected data from three children with ASD and four CWND before and after a four-week probiotic intervention. Data collection included microbiome diversity screening from stool samples as well as the following biophysiological measures: salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels, response to simulated stressor and calming stimulus (behavior), including pulse rate, galvanic skin response, and pupil diameter (PD). In addition, telomere length was assessed. All measures, except for telomere length, were repeated after the four-week intervention on the ASD and CWND groups for pre-/post-comparison. Data analysis consisted of multivariate analyses, including ANOVA. Results While greater heterogeneity in the ASD group was evident in all measures, the gut microbiome of participants who received probiotic intervention differed from pretreatment results within and across the groups investigated. Further, the biophysiological parameter sAA displayed a significant increase between baseline and exposure to stress in both groups, whereas PD increased in both groups from baseline, F(11, 26615) = 123.43, p = 0.00. Conclusion Though gut microbiome diversity is diminished in children with ASD compared to CWND, the gap is narrowed following a brief probiotic intervention. The results suggest that probiotic interventions have the potential to rescue microbiome diversity and abundance, potentially supporting stress regulation in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesulla Cavanaugh
- Department of Nursing Research, Ron and Kathy Assaf College of Nursing, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jaime L Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Tina Nunn
- Lerner Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Lerner Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Diti Patel
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Stachyse Stanis
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Raina K Patel
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Djellza Rrukiqi
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
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Murphy H, Flannery B, Ly H. Beyond cancer: A new innate immune regulatory mechanism against virus infections. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28760. [PMID: 37185859 PMCID: PMC11060420 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Murphy
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Brigitte Flannery
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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5
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Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Khoury L, Brunner J, Murphy H, Wang C, Kannan K, Miller RK, O'Connor TG, Barrett ES. Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and maternal sex steroid hormones across pregnancy. Environ Res 2023; 220:115233. [PMID: 36621543 PMCID: PMC9977559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that may act as endocrine disruptors in utero, but the specific endocrine pathways are unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between maternal serum PFAS and sex steroid hormones at three time points during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women participating in the Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development (UPSIDE) study contributed biospecimens, questionnaire, and medical record data in each trimester (n = 285). PFAS (including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)) were analyzed in second-trimester serum samples by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [fT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and estriol [E3]) were measured by LC-MS/MS in serum samples from each trimester. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to examine associations between log-transformed PFAS concentrations and hormone levels, adjusting for covariates, and stratifying by fetal sex. Results are presented as the mean percentage difference (Δ%) in hormone levels per ln-unit increase in PFAS concentration. RESULTS In adjusted models, PFHxS was associated with higher TT (%Δ = 20.0, 95%CI: 1.7, 41.6), particularly among women carrying male fetuses (%Δ = 15.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 30.7); this association strengthened as the pregnancy progressed. PFNA (%Δ = 7.9, 95%CI: 3.4, 12.5) and PFDA (%Δ = 7.2, 95%CI: 4.9, 9.7) were associated with higher fT, with associations again observed only in women carrying male fetuses. PFHxS was associated with higher levels of E2 and E3 in women carrying female fetuses (%Δ = 13.2, 95%CI: 0.5, 29.1; %Δ = 17.9, 95%CI: 3.2, 34.8, respectively). No associations were observed for PFOS and PFOA. CONCLUSION PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDA may disrupt androgenic and estrogenic pathways in pregnancy in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Leena Khoury
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor -UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, And Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kirk NM, Huang Q, Vrba S, Rahman M, Block AM, Murphy H, White DW, Namugenyi SB, Ly H, Tischler AD, Liang Y. Recombinant Pichinde viral vector expressing tuberculosis antigens elicits strong T cell responses and protection in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127515. [PMID: 36845108 PMCID: PMC9945092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major global health threat. The only available vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) does not prevent adult pulmonary TB. New effective TB vaccines should aim to stimulate robust T cell responses in the lung mucosa to achieve high protective efficacy. We have previously developed a novel viral vaccine vector based on recombinant Pichinde virus (PICV), a non-pathogenic arenavirus with low seroprevalence in humans, and have demonstrated its efficacy to induce strong vaccine immunity with undetectable anti-vector neutralization activity. Methods Using this tri-segmented PICV vector (rP18tri), we have generated viral vectored TB vaccines (TBvac-1, TBvac-2, and TBvac-10) encoding several known TB immunogens (Ag85B, EsxH, and ESAT-6/EsxA). A P2A linker sequence was used to allow for the expression of two proteins from one open-reading-frame (ORF) on the viral RNA segments. The immunogenicity of TBvac-2 and TBvac-10 and the protective efficacy of TBvac-1 and TBvac-2 were evaluated in mice. Results Both viral vectored vaccines elicited strong antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells through intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) routes as evaluated by MHC-I and MHC-II tetramer analyses, respectively. The IN inoculation route helped to elicit strong lung T cell responses. The vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD4 T cells are functional, expressing multiple cytokines as detected by intracellular cytokine staining. Finally, immunization with TBvac-1 or TBvac-2, both expressing the same trivalent antigens (Ag85B, EsxH, ESAT6/EsxA), reduced Mtb lung tissue burden and dissemination in an aerosol challenge mouse model. Conclusions The novel PICV vector-based TB vaccine candidates can express more than two antigens via the use of P2A linker sequence and elicit strong systemic and lung T cell immunity with protective efficacy. Our study suggests the PICV vector as an attractive vaccine platform for the development of new and effective TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Qinfeng Huang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sophia Vrba
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Alisha M. Block
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Dylan W. White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah B. Namugenyi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Anna D. Tischler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Murphy
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA,
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Prandstetter K, Murphy H, Olderbak S, Foran H. Enhancing the understanding of parental burnout from an empirical and psychometric perspective. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parental burnout (PB) is a relatively new syndrome resulting from chronic parenting stress. Besides efforts to enhance scientific and public understanding of PB, little is known about its link to intimate partner violence (IPV), and the psychometrics of German measures for PB remain an under-researched topic. This study aims to address these gaps by 1) testing the interplay of PB, parenting, couple satisfaction, and IPV, 2) examining the psychometrics of the German version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA).
Methods
Data were collected online as part of an international PB study including Austrian parents aged 18 or older with at least one child at home (0-18). Overall, N = 121 mothers from a community sample reported on family functioning, PB, couple quality and gender roles. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the fit of the theoretical model. Furthermore, data from N = 220 Austrian and German parents on PB and familial variables during the Covid-19 pandemic were collected to analyze the psychometrics of the German PBA. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the validity of the PBA.
Results
SEM indicated a good model fit, χ^2(37) = 35.51, p = .54; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00, (95% CI = .00 -.06). Furthermore, an indirect effect of couple satisfaction on the link between IPV to PB and IPV to parenting was found.
Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence for the importance of couples’ relationship satisfaction in understanding links between IPV and PB as well as parenting in German-speaking mothers. On the basis of these findings, future public health efforts may be organized to focus on preventing PB indirectly or directly by targeting couples’ relationship. Additionally, psychometric results of this study can inform researchers and practitioners about the applicability of the German PBA, improving screening of at-risk parents, and offering support for parents at early stages.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prandstetter
- Department for Psychology, University of Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - H Murphy
- Department for Psychology, University of Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - S Olderbak
- Department for Diagnostic and Epidemiology, Institute for Therapy Research , Munich, Germany
| | - H Foran
- Department for Psychology, University of Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt, Austria
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Murphy H, Ly H. Understanding Immune Responses to Lassa Virus Infection and to Its Candidate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1668. [PMID: 36298533 PMCID: PMC9612042 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) is a deadly viral hemorrhagic fever disease that is endemic in several countries in West Africa. It is caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which has been estimated to be responsible for approximately 300,000 infections and 5000 deaths annually. LASV is a highly pathogenic human pathogen without effective therapeutics or FDA-approved vaccines. Here, we aim to provide a literature review of the current understanding of the basic mechanism of immune responses to LASV infection in animal models and patients, as well as to several of its candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hinh Ly
- Comparative & Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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10
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Murphy H, Ly H. What are the risk levels of humans contracting SARS-CoV-2 from pets and vice versa? J Med Virol 2022; 94:5613-5614. [PMID: 35906099 PMCID: PMC9353424 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Murphy
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
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Murphy H, Sanchez S, Ahmed S, Rhaman MM, Di D, Dileepan M, Heinrich D, Liang Y, Ly H. SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals: Do levels of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in pets correlate with those of pet's owners and with protection against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection? Virulence 2022; 13:1216-1220. [PMID: 35799426 PMCID: PMC9345533 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2098922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Di
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Daniel Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | | | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences
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12
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Dye TD, Barbosu M, Siddiqi S, Pérez Ramos JG, Murphy H, Alcántara L, Pressman E. Science, healthcare system, and government effectiveness perception and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in a global sample: an analytical cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049716. [PMID: 34815278 PMCID: PMC8611238 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are complex; how perceptions of the effectiveness of science, healthcare and government impact personal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is unclear, despite all three domains providing critical roles in development, funding and provision, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine. OBJECTIVE To estimate impact of perception of science, healthcare systems, and government along with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural characteristics on vaccine acceptance. DESIGN We conducted a global nested analytical cross-sectional study of how the perceptions of healthcare, government and science systems have impacted COVID-19 on vaccine acceptance. SETTING Global Facebook, Instagram and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) users from 173 countries. PARTICIPANTS 7411 people aged 18 years or over, and able to read English, Spanish, Italian, or French. MEASUREMENTS We used Χ2 analysis and logistic regression-derived adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs to evaluate the relationship between effectiveness perceptions and vaccine acceptance controlling for other factors. We used natural language processing and thematic analysis to analyse the role of vaccine-related narratives in open-ended explanations of effectiveness. RESULTS After controlling for confounding, attitude toward science was a strong predictor of vaccine acceptance, more so than other attitudes, demographic, psychosocial or COVID-19-related variables (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.5). The rationale for science effectiveness was dominated by vaccine narratives, which were uncommon in other domains. LIMITATIONS This study did not include participants from countries where Facebook and Amazon mTurk are not available, and vaccine acceptance reflected intention rather than actual behaviour. CONCLUSIONS As our findings show, vaccine-related issues dominate public perception of science's impact around COVID-19, and this perception of science relates strongly to the decision to obtain vaccination once available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Dye
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Monica Barbosu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shazia Siddiqi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - José G Pérez Ramos
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lisette Alcántara
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eva Pressman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Synnott A, Ryan C, O'Connell P, Steed F, Reale S, Carey L, English S, Fitzgibbon K, O'Connell Á, Smalle E, Ryan D, Shchetkovsky D, McCarthy A, Moran B, Murphy H, O'Shaughnessy Í. 178 A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF PROCESS OUTCOMES OF OLDER ADULTS REFERRED TO A COMMUNITY RE-ENABLEMENT TEAM FROM THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab216.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Emergency Departments (ED) are complex and challenging environments to provide care to older adults. There is currently a paucity of high quality methodological research investigating the effectiveness of interventions focused on transitions of care from the ED to primary care services (Hughes et al, 2019). This study aims to evaluate the impact of a collaborative model of care between primary and secondary care services for older adults discharged home following ED index visit.
Methods
This was an observational retrospective study. Participants aged ≥65 years discharged home from the ED of a University Teaching Hospital and referred to a Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team (MDCIT) were included. Referral pathways were via the OPTIMEND team (Cassarino et al, 2021) and MDCIT, which is a rapid access re-enablement team based in the community and compromises nursing staff, an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, therapy and healthcare assistants. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the baseline characteristics of study participants and to summarise data related to process outcomes. Ethical approval was granted for this study (020/2021).
Results
In the study period, January—December 2020, 54 patients were referred to the MDCIT. The mean age of participants was 80.1 years (SD 8.2), 57% were female, and the most common Manchester Triage System presenting complaint was ‘limb problems’. The median Patient Experience Time within the ED was 7.4 hours (IQR 13.1); 55% of participants were seen in their home within 24 hours of discharge. A mean of 10 interventions were delivered by the MDCIT. A 9.1% incidence rate of 30 day unscheduled hospital readmission was recorded.
Conclusion
Integrated care programmes have been advocated to improve the continuum of care from the ED into the community. This evaluation has demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such a model of care. However, further methodologically robust research is required to advance the evidence base and should also focus on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Synnott
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Ryan
- Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - P O'Connell
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - F Steed
- Medicine Directorate, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Reale
- Diagnostics Directorate, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - L Carey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - S English
- Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - K Fitzgibbon
- Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Á O'Connell
- Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - E Smalle
- Department of Medical Social Work, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - D Ryan
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - D Shchetkovsky
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - A McCarthy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - B Moran
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - H Murphy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Í O'Shaughnessy
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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O'Connor T, Best M, Brunner J, Ciesla AA, Cunning A, Kapula N, Kautz A, Khoury L, Macomber A, Meng Y, Miller RK, Murphy H, Salafia CM, Vallejo Sefair A, Serrano J, Barrett E. Cohort profile: Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development (UPSIDE): a pregnancy cohort study on prenatal exposure mechanisms for child health. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044798. [PMID: 33795306 PMCID: PMC8021752 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extensive research suggests that maternal prenatal distress is reliably related to perinatal and child health outcomes-which may persist into adulthood. However, basic questions remain regarding mechanisms involved. To better understand these mechanisms, we developed the Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development (UPSIDE) cohort study, which has several distinguishing features, including repeated assessments across trimesters, analysis of multiple biological pathways of interest, and incorporation of placental structure and function as mediators of child health outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Women with normal risk pregnancies were recruited at <14 weeks gestation. Study visits occurred in each trimester and included extensive psychological, sociodemographic, health behaviour and biospecimen collection. Placenta and cord blood were collected at birth. Child visits (ongoing) occur at birth and 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of age and use standard anthropometric, clinical, behavioural, biological and neuroimaging methods to assess child physical and neurodevelopment. FINDINGS TO DATE We recruited 326 pregnancies; 294 (90%) were retained through birth. Success rates for prenatal biospecimen collection were high across all trimesters (96%-99% for blood, 94%-97% for urine, 96%-99% for saliva, 96% of placentas, 88% for cord blood and 93% for buccal swab). Ninety-four per cent of eligible babies (n=277) participated in a birth examination; postnatal visits are ongoing. FUTURE PLANS The current phase of the study follows children through age 4 to examine child neurodevelopment and physical development. In addition, the cohort participates in the National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes programme, a national study of 50 000 families examining early environmental influences on perinatal outcomes, neurodevelopment, obesity and airway disease. Future research will leverage the rich repository of biological samples and clinical data to expand research on the mechanisms of child health outcomes in relation to environmental chemical exposures, genetics and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Connor
- Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Meghan Best
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Allison Cunning
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ntemena Kapula
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Amber Kautz
- Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Leena Khoury
- Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Allison Macomber
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ying Meng
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard K Miller
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Carolyn M Salafia
- Placental Modulation Laboratory, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
- Placental Analytics LLC, Larchmont, New York, USA
| | | | - Jishyra Serrano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Latendresse G, Bailey E, Iacob E, Murphy H, Pentecost R, Thompson N, Hogue C. A Group Videoconference Intervention for Reducing Perinatal Depressive Symptoms: A Telehealth Pilot Study. J Midwifery Womens Health 2021; 66:70-77. [PMID: 33576146 PMCID: PMC8684833 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal depression occurs in 12% to 18% of childbearing women. Telehealth is a promising platform for delivering perinatal mental health care, particularly during a pandemic when in-person services have been significantly curtailed. However, there is little research to document the feasibility of telehealth to address perinatal depression. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary results of an 8-week facilitated group videoconference intervention. METHODS The study enrolled pregnant and postpartum women into an 8-week group mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral intervention, delivered via videoconference platform. Women receiving care at outpatient clinics who either screened positive for perinatal depression symptoms or had risk factors predictive of perinatal depression were invited to participate. Women attended weekly one-hour group sessions using their own electronic device and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at several time points. Session attendance and survey completion rates were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 47 women enrolled (8 postpartum; 39 prenatal) into groups of 4 to 6. Twenty-four (51.1%) women were currently experiencing mild to moderate perinatal depression symptoms (EPDS score of 10-20), whereas 23 (48.9%) women had EPDS scores less than 10 but were at high risk for developing perinatal depression due to health history and significant life events. Seventy percent of women attended at least 5 of the 8 sessions. Trajectories of EPDS measures were promising (ie, downward among those with current perinatal depression symptoms and stable among those at high risk for developing perinatal depression). DISCUSSION These observational results are promising, suggesting further study of effectiveness for women with symptoms of perinatal depression, as well as for women at high risk for developing perinatal depression. Randomized trials could evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, compared with standard of care approaches. Telehealth interventions can be tailored to meet the needs of different communities, and increase access to care, regardless of where women live or inability to receive in-person services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ElLois Bailey
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eli Iacob
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hannah Murphy
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryoko Pentecost
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nancy Thompson
- Rollns School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carol Hogue
- Rollns School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
This article examines skin and disease in early modern medicine through the writings of the little-known Bohemian physician Jan Jessen (1566-1621). In 1601, Jessen published De cute, et cutaneis affectibus, a set of twenty-one theses dedicated to the question of whether skin disease existed. In considering Jessen and his relationship to a broader world of writing, this article makes three arguments. First, it suggests that, contrary to existing historiography, the question of skin disease was a common sixteenth-century concern. Second, it posits a professional channel for this concern, which arose from surgery and disease, rather than from anatomy and physiology. Finally, rather than positioning Jessen at the forefront of discovery, I suggest his text functions as a representative case study. It allows us to see material change in medicine within a stable Galenic framework.
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Keown P, McKenna D, Murphy H, McKinnon I. Offenders with mental disorders in prison and the courts: links to rates of civil detentions and the number of psychiatric beds in England - longitudinal data from 1984 to 2016. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e93. [PMID: 31685069 PMCID: PMC6854357 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mental Health Act in England and Wales allows for two types of detention in hospital: civil and forensic detentions. An association between the closure of mental illness beds and a rise in civil detentions has been reported. AIMS To examine changes in the rate of court orders and transfer from prison to hospital for treatment, and explore associations with civil involuntary detentions, psychiatric bed numbers and the prison population. METHOD Secondary analysis of routinely collected data with lagged time series analysis. We focused on two main types of forensic detentions in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals and private units: prison transfers and court treatment orders in England from 1984 to 2016. NHS bed numbers only were available. RESULTS There was an association between the number of psychiatric beds and the number of prison transfers. This was strongest at a time lag of 2 years with the change in psychiatric beds occurring first. There was an association between the rate of civil detentions and the rate of court orders. This was strongest at a time lag of 3 years. Linear regression indicated that 135 fewer psychiatric beds were associated with one additional transfer from prison to hospital; and as the rate of civil detentions increased by 72, the rate of court treatment orders fell by one. CONCLUSIONS The closure of psychiatric beds was associated with an increase in transfers from prison to hospital for treatment. The increase in civil detentions was associated with a reduction in the rate of courts detaining to hospital individuals who had offended. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keown
- Associate Medical Director, NTW NHS Foundation Trust; and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | | | - Iain McKinnon
- Consultant Psychiatrist, NTW NHS Foundation Trust; and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Newcastle University, UK
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Tandan M, Burns K, Murphy H, Hennessy S, Cormican M, Vellinga A. Antimicrobial prescribing and infections in long-term care facilities (LTCF): a multilevel analysis of the HALT 2016 study, Ireland, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 30458910 PMCID: PMC6247462 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.46.1800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The 2016 point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Irish long-term care facilities (LTCF) (HALT) showed a 9.8% AMU and 4.4% HAI prevalence, based on aggregated data analysis. Aim Our aim was to identify institutional and resident risk factors of AMU and HAI. Methods HALT 2016 gathered information using institutional and resident questionnaires, for residents who met the surveillance definition of active HAI and/or AMU, limiting analysis to the aggregated institutional level. In January 2017, we requested additional data on age, sex, urinary catheter use and disorientation of current residents from HALT 2016 LTCF and matched to 2016 HALT data. Results Of 224 HALT 2016 LTCF, 80 provided additional information on 3,816 residents; prevalence of AMU was 10.6% and HAI was 4.7%. Presence of a coordinating physician (Odds ratio (OR): 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.6), antimicrobial stewardship committee (OR: 0.2; 95%; CI: 0.1–0.6), healthcare assistants (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0), antimicrobial consumption feedback (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.6) and medical care by personal general practitioner (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.7–1.0) were associated with less AMU and feedback on surveillance of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) with less HAI. AMU and HAI varied significantly between LTCF. Conclusions Multilevel modelling identified significant inter-facility variation, as well as institutional factors associated with AMU and HAI. An antimicrobial stewardship committee linked with feedback on IPC and prescribing was associated with reduced AMU and HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tandan
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - K Burns
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Murphy
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Hennessy
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Cormican
- Discipline of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - A Vellinga
- Discipline of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised about the increase in the use of involuntary detentions under the Mental Health Act in England over a number of years, and whether this merits consideration of legislative change.AimsTo investigate changes in the rate of detentions under Part II (civil) and Part III (forensic) sections of the Mental Health Act in England between 1984 and 2016. METHOD Retrospective analysis of data on involuntary detentions from the National Archives and NHS Digital. Rates per 100 000 population were calculated with percentage changes. The odds of being formally admitted to a National Health Service hospital compared with a private hospital were calculated for each year. RESULTS Rates of detention have at least trebled since the 1980s and doubled since the 1990s. This has been because of a rise in Part II (civil) sections. Although the overall rate of detentions under Part III (forensic) sections did not rise, transfers from prison increased and detentions by the courts reduced. The odds of being detained in a private hospital increased fivefold. CONCLUSIONS The move to community-based mental health services in England has paradoxically led to an increase in the number of people being detained in hospital each year, and in particular an inexorable rise in involuntary admissions. This is likely to be partly because of improved case finding with an increased focus on treatment and risk management, and partly because of changes in legislation. An increasing proportion of this government-funded care is being provided by private hospitals.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keown
- Academic Psychiatry, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University,UK
| | - Hannah Murphy
- Academic Psychiatry, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University,UK
| | - Dannielle McKenna
- Academic Psychiatry, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University,UK
| | - Iain McKinnon
- Academic Psychiatry, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University,UK
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Murphy H, McCarthy T, Lyng A, Doherty K, Mullen L, Bonas F. Sexual Well-Being After Breast or Pelvic Cancer Treatment: A Guide for Women. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.68000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: As part of the National Cancer Strategy 2017-2026, the NCCP aims to improve the experience and care for cancer survivors. A key objective of survivorship care is to empower patients to achieve their best possible health outcomes while living with and beyond a diagnosis of cancer. Aim: To develop a guide to provide a support on sexual well-being for women who have completed cancer treatment of breast cancer; gynecologic cancer; bowel, rectal and anal cancer; or bladder cancer. Strategy/Tactics: A project design team was established with stakeholders including healthcare professionals and patients. Program/Policy process: The guides were designed to facilitate conversation around what is a sensitive subject for many people. Having cancer may change the relationships a cancer survivor has with their family and friends; it is natural to need some time to adjust. But while cancer treatment may affect sexuality, sex life doesn't have to end. The guide was reviewed by patient groups prior to printing. It is approved by National Adult Literacy Agency (NALA). The guide was nationally distributed to all clinical areas and is available on the Web. Outcomes: The final publication is entitled Sexual Well-Being After Breast or Pelvic Cancer Treatment: A Guide for Women. It gives details of treatments that may help improve sexual well-being and encourages women to be their own strongest resource. It includes advice on how to talk about sexual well-being, how to create physical and emotional intimacy, and what to do if you are not in a sexual relationship but would like to be. The guide is a companion to the previously published Information for Men on Sexual Well-Being After Pelvic Cancer Treatment, which has been widely used by men to understand the sexual changes caused by cancer treatment. The guide was launched in January 2018. With support from HSE communications it was promoted across social media. It received a positive response with the guides requested nationally. The guide was also distributed to all the cancer centers, support services, and primary care centers. What was learned: Healthcare professionals find it difficult to discuss sexuality with their patients and this booklet allows sexuality to be discussed. Workshops will be required with healthcare professionals to empower themselves and their patients to address the issue of sexuality in survivorship.
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Talati K, Joshi B, Prajapati K, Mishra S, Phatak A, Nimbalkar S, Murphy H, Dongre A. Summarizing Factors Contributing to Partial or Non-utilization of
Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) in Charutar Region of Gujarat,
India. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Maiman M, Sheldon S, Vasserman M, Murphy H, MacAllister W. B-57Sensitivity and Inter-rater Reliability of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version in Children with Epilepsy. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Smith R, Jones G, Murphy H, Curtis A, Flint G. Are established methods of physiotherapeutic management for long-term neurological conditions applicable to ‘orphan’ conditions such as syringomyelia? Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O'Connor L, Boland M, Murphy H. Preparedness of elderly long-term care facilities in HSE East for influenza outbreaks. Ir Med J 2015; 108:6-8. [PMID: 25702344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract We assessed preparedness of HSE East elderly long-term care facilities for an influenza outbreak, and identified Public Health Department support needs. We surveyed 166 facilities based on the HSE checklist document for influenza outbreaks, with 58% response rate. Client flu vaccination rates were > 75%; leading barriers were client anxiety and consent issues. Target flu vaccine uptake of 40% in staff occurred in 43% of facilities and was associated with staff vaccine administration by afacility-attached GP (p = 0.035), having a facility outbreak plan (p = 0.013) and being anon-HSE run facility (p = 0.013). Leading barriers were staff personal anxiety (94%) and lack of awareness of the protective effect on clients (21%). Eighty-nine percent found Public Health helpful, and requested further educational support and advocacy. Staff vaccine uptake focus, organisational leadership, optimal vaccine provision models, outbreak plans and Public Health support are central to the influenza campaign in elderly long-term care facilities.
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McCarthy T, Mullen L, Murphy H, Carey D, Laffoy M. Long-term follow-up of women with breast cancer: rationale for policy change. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:855-62. [PMID: 25271102 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of breast cancer survivors in our ageing population continues to rise. Policy makers internationally are seeking to identify alternatives to follow-up care in an acute setting. AIMS The National Cancer Control Programme set out to develop a new policy for long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors in Ireland. METHODS Policy development was informed by analysis of current attendances at breast surgical clinics for routine follow-up, extraction of the necessary components of follow-up from international guidelines and focus group research with Irish patients. RESULTS Intensive follow-up investigations, other than mammography, do not confer additional survival benefit or improved quality of life. Provision of routine follow-up care of breast cancer survivors by GPs has been shown to be equivalent to follow-up by specialist clinics, in terms of clinical outcomes, patient quality of life and patient satisfaction. In Ireland, routine follow-up accounted for 15.4% (95% CI: 13.8-17.0%) of clinic appointments. A third were at least 5 years post-operative. Women highlighted issues such as attachment to specialist services, importance of communication and need for clarity as to where responsibility of care lies. Reassurance, confidence in the primary care practitioner, and coordination of multiple appointments were also identified as important issues. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of breast cancer survivors attending hospital surgical clinics for long-term follow-up could be safely discharged at 5 years, with the hospital maintaining responsibility for annual mammography. Successful implementation will depend on informed patients, clinicians' acceptance and communication between primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McCarthy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Kings Inns House, 200 Parnell St, Dublin, 1, Ireland.
| | - L Mullen
- National Cancer Control Programme, Kings Inns House, 200 Parnell St, Dublin, 1, Ireland
| | - H Murphy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Kings Inns House, 200 Parnell St, Dublin, 1, Ireland
| | - D Carey
- Health Services Executive, Dr. Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - M Laffoy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Kings Inns House, 200 Parnell St, Dublin, 1, Ireland
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Holman N, Bell R, Murphy H, Maresh M. Women with pre-gestational diabetes have a higher risk of stillbirth at all gestations after 32 weeks. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1129-32. [PMID: 24836172 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the additional risk of stillbirths and to quantify that risk according to gestational age among women with diabetes. METHODS Data on pregnancies ending in 2007 and 2008 in women with pre-gestational diabetes in three English regional audits were identified. A prospective audit collected data on all pregnancies delivering between June 2010 and May 2011 in one region and in 13 other units across England. The data on all singleton pregnancies from these two cohorts were combined. Comparisons were made to all births in England and Wales for the same time period using data from the Office for National Statistics. RESULTS In the cohort of women with pre-gestational diabetes there were a total of 2085 singleton pregnancies, of which 29 resulted in a stillbirth (overall stillbirth rate 13.9 per 1000, 95% CI 9.7-19.9, relative risk compared with all pregnancies in England and Wales 2.73, 95% CI 2.61-2.84). The relative risk of stillbirth between 32 and 34 weeks' gestation was 4.95 (95% CI 4.24-5.78), 3.77 (95% CI 3.42-4.16) at 35 to 36 weeks, 5.75 (95% CI 5.43-6.09) for deliveries at 37 or 38 weeks and 7.34 (95% CI 6.52-8.25) for those born at 39 weeks or more. CONCLUSION Women with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of stillbirth at all gestations after 32 weeks and this additional risk is not just confined to pregnancies at 37 weeks or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Holman
- National Cardiovascular Intelligence Network, Public Health England, York, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Fitzpatrick G, Ward M, Ennis O, Johnson H, Cotter S, Carr MJ, O Riordan B, Waters A, Hassan J, Connell J, Hall W, Clarke A, Murphy H, Fitzgerald M. Use of a geographic information system to map cases of measles in real-time during an outbreak in Dublin, Ireland, 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17. [PMID: 23231894 DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.49.20330-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, there was a large measles outbreak in Dublin. Nationally 285 cases were notified to the end of December 2011, and 250 (88%) were located in the Dublin region. After the first case was notified in week 6, numbers gradually increased, with 25 notified in June and a peak of 53 cases in August. Following public health intervention including a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination campaign, no cases were reported in the Dublin region in December 2011. Most cases (82%) were children aged between 6 months and 14 years, and 46 cases (18%) were under 12 months-old. This is the first outbreak in Dublin to utilise a geographic information system for plotting measles cases on a digital map in real time. This approach, in combination with the analysis of case notifications, assisted the department of public health in demonstrating the extent of the outbreak. The digital mapping documented the evolution of two distinct clusters of 87 (35%) cases. These measles cases were infected with genotype D4-Manchester recently associated with large outbreaks across Europe. The two clusters occurred in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and were attributable to inadequate measles vaccination coverage due in part to the interruption of a school-based MMR2 vaccination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fitzpatrick
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) East, Dr Steeven's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tarnaris A, Tamangani J, Fayeye O, Kombogiorgas D, Murphy H, Gan YC, Flint G. Virchow-Robin spaces in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a surrogate imaging marker for coexisting microvascular disease? Acta Neurochir Suppl 2012; 113:33-7. [PMID: 22116419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0923-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) surround perforating cerebral arteries and are reported to be found with increasing frequency with advancing age. In addition, some studies indicate an association between VRSs and vascular dementias. The present study examined the incidence of VRSs in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) and considered their use as a potential surrogate imaging marker of coexisting microvascular disease in patients with this condition. METHODS The MRI incidence of VRS in the centrum semiovale (CS), basal ganglia (BG), mesencephalon (MES), and the subinsular (SI) region was measured in 12 patients with INPH and in 12 control subjects, using the scoring system proposed by Patankar et al. (Am J Neuroradiology 26:1512, 2005). Historical control data were also used for further comparison. RESULTS All 12 INPH patients had clearly visible VRSs, distributed in the CS (all 12), basal ganglia (11/12), SI region (9/12), and MES region (6/12). The mean Patankar scores of the INPH group were BG 2.25, CS 1.66, SI 0.91, and ME 0.5. The respective scores for our control group were 1.41, 1.5, 1.16, and 0.16, and for historical controls were 1.46, 0.51, 0.96, and 0.51. There were, however, no statistically significant differences between the INPH patients and either of the control groups. No correlation was found between age and the overall incidence of VRS. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that there may be a higher incidence of VRSs in patients with INPH, when compared with normal patients of similar age, but our small numbers prevent us from demonstrating statistical significance, and larger studies are clearly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarnaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Murphy H, Cogan T, Hughes R, Humphrey T. Porcine intestinal epithelial responses to Campylobacter infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 34:489-95. [PMID: 21944733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is estimated to cause diarrhoea in 1% of the population of developed countries every year, but our understanding of this disease has been hampered by a lack of a suitable animal model. Colostrum-deprived piglets have been suggested as models since they produce similar clinical signs to humans when infected but little information currently exists regarding the response of this species to Campylobacter at cellular and molecular level. This study shows that intestinal epithelial cells from both species respond in a similar manner to Campylobacter infection regarding invasion, induction of innate immune response and effect on barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murphy
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Infection and Immunity, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK.
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Murphy H, Lahtinen M. Understanding the impact of meditative homework on depression in the context of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT): An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NICE guidelines indicate one in five people will suffer from depression at some point in their lives with relapse rates of 50–80% in those who have experienced one or more episodes of depression (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE], 2007). By 2020, depression is predicted to be the second largest cause of death or disability and consequently there is a need to explore and develop the ways of working with depression. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group psycho-educational treatment designed to reduce the risk of recurrent depression by integrating mindfulness based meditation practices with cognitive therapy techniques (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002). MBCT comprises eight weekly two-hour group sessions with additional time for meditative homework practice. As yet, little is known about how patients experience meditative homework assignments in a UK public health setting. This study examines subjective accounts of the meaning of carrying out meditative homework assignments in terms of impact on the self as well as an exploration of barriers and facilitating factors from a participant's perspective. Six Individual in-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim and an Interpretative Phenomenological Approach was used to analyse the data. Results focus on perceived facilitating factors and difficulties experienced in carrying out meditative homework as well as implications for clinical practice in the prevention of recurrent depression. Transformation of participant’s experience of the self and social relatedness as a consequence of meditative homework is discussed in relation to existing psychological literature and the practise of MBCT.
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Cross JA, Brennan C, Gray T, Temple RC, Dozio N, Hughes JC, Levell NJ, Murphy H, Fowler D, Hughes DA, Sampson MJ. Absence of telomere shortening and oxidative DNA damage in the young adult offspring of women with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:226-34. [PMID: 19034420 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The offspring of mothers with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes (PGDM) may be at increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular disease in childhood. The underlying causes of these observations, and whether they persist into adulthood, are unknown. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that fetal chromosomal telomere oxidative DNA damage resulting from maternal PGDM programmes the offspring towards a senescent phenotype that is detectable in young adulthood. METHODS We studied 21 young adult offspring (age 16-23 years) with a maternal history of PGDM and 23 age- and weight-matched controls with no maternal history of diabetes. All participants underwent anthropometric assessments, a standard 75 g OGTT, measurement of peripheral blood mononuclear cell and skin fibroblast telomere length, fibroblast senescence, cell DNA damage (by determination of 8-oxoguanine levels using flow cytometry), plasma lipoprotein profiles (determined by nuclear magnetic resonance) and plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers. RESULTS The groups did not differ significantly with respect to anthropometric measures, glucose tolerance, fasting and 2 h plasma insulin levels during OGTT, estimated peripheral insulin resistance, peripheral blood mononuclear cell or fibroblast telomere length, DNA damage or senescence in vitro, plasma NMR lipoprotein profiles or levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1; p < 0.05) and IL-6 (p = 0.08) were higher in the PGDM offspring. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Young adult offspring of mothers with PGDM do not differ in terms of glucose tolerance, DNA damage or telomere length from controls of the same weight and BMI. This does not preclude such abnormalities at an earlier age, but there is no evidence of telomere damage as a pre-programming mechanism in the young adults enrolled in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cross
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
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Wuthrick E, Curran W, Lin A, Glass J, Evans J, Andrews D, Axelrod R, Murphy H, Werner-Wasik M, Dicker A. A Phase I Trial of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy with Sunitinib in Recurrent High Grade Glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wuthrick EJ, Curran WJ, Werner-Wasik M, Lin A, Axelrod RA, Pereira-Rico A, Murphy H, Machtay M, Dicker AP. A phase I trial of the combination of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib and radiation therapy for patients with primary and metastatic central nervous system malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Okpalugo TIT, Murphy H, Ogwu AA, Abbas G, Ray SC, Maguire PD, McLaughlin J, McCullough RW. Human microvascular endothelial cellular interaction with atomic N-doped DLC compared with Si-doped DLC thin films. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 78:222-9. [PMID: 16544310 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article reports results of endothelial cell interaction with atom beam source N-doped a-C:H (diamond-like carbon, DLC) as it compares with that of Si-doped DLC thin films. The RF plasma source exhibits up to 40% N-dissociation and N-atomic fluxes of approximately 0.85 x 10(18) atoms/s, which ensures better atomic nitrogen incorporation. Two different types of nitrogen species (with and without the use of sweep plates to remove charged ions) were employed for nitrogen doping. The number of attached endothelial cells is highest on Si-DLC, followed by the N-DLC (where the sweep plates were used to remove ions), the N-DLC (without the use of sweep plates), undoped DLC, and finally the uncoated sample. The contact angle values for these films suggest that water contact angle is higher in the atomic nitrogen neutral films and Si-DLC films compared to the ionized-nitrogen specie doped films and undoped DLC thin films, suggesting that the more hydrophobic films, semiconducting films, and film with relieved stress have better interaction with human microvascular endothelial cells. It seems evident that N-doping increases the Raman I(D)/I(G) ratios, whereas N-neutral doping decreases it slightly and Si-doping decreases it even further. In this study, lower Raman I(D)/I(G) ratios are associated with increased sp(3)/sp(2) ratio, an increased H concentration, photoluminescence intensity, and a higher endothelial cellular adhesion. These investigations could be relevant to biocompatibility assessment of nanostructured biomaterials and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I T Okpalugo
- NIBEC, School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulster, United Kingdom.
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Dent J, Hall GD, Wilkinson N, Perren TJ, Richmond I, Markham AF, Murphy H, Bell SM. Cytogenetic alterations in ovarian clear cell carcinoma detected by comparative genomic hybridisation. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1578-83. [PMID: 12771925 PMCID: PMC2377123 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) accounts for a small but significant proportion of all ovarian cancers and is a distinct clinical and pathological entity. It tends to be associated with poorer response rates to chemotherapy and with a worse prognosis. Little is known about possible underlying genetic changes. DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded samples of 18 pure OCCC cases was analysed for genetic imbalances using comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). All of the 18 cases showed genomic alterations. The mean number of alterations detected by CGH was 6 (range 1-15) indicating a moderate level of genetic instability. Chromosome deletions were more common than amplifications. The most prominent change involved chromosome 9 deletions in 10 cases (55%). This correlates with changes seen in other epithelial ovarian cancers. This deletion was confirmed using microsatellite markers to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at four separate loci on chromosome 9. The most distinct region of loss detected was around the IFNA marker at 9p21 with 41% (11 out of 27 cases) LOH. Other frequent deletions involved 1p (five out of 18; 28%); 11q (four out of 18; 22%) and 16 (five out of 18; 28%). Amplification was most common at chromosome 3 (six out of 18; 33%); 13q (four out of 18; 22%) and 15 (three out of 18; 17%). No high-level amplifications were identified. These features may serve as useful prognostic indicators in the management of OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dent
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Cancer Centre in Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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Abstract
Necrobiosis lipoidica is a well recognized but comparatively rare cutaneous complication of diabetes mellitus. The aetiology is probably multifactorial with microangiopathy, immune complex formation, abnormal collagen synthesis and breakdown, and altered haemostasis all thought to play a part. Necrobiosis lipoidica often proves very resistant to treatment. We report a case of a 44-year-old woman with ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica that healed following grafting with a tissue-engineered living dermal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Owen
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, UK.
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Murphy H, George C, de Kretser D, Judd S. Successful treatment with ICSI of infertility caused by azoospermia associated with adrenal rests in the testes: case report. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:263-7. [PMID: 11157817 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a well-recognized, but uncommon, cause of azoospermia and infertility in men. Commonly this is due to undertreatment of excessive adrenal androgen secretion which suppresses gonadotrophin stimulation of the testes. A less common complication of CAH is development of adrenal tissue within the testes; this is important to recognize because it may be confused with malignancy leading to unnecessary surgery. In this case report, a man is described with simple virilizing CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency who presented with azoospermia and was found to have adrenal rests. Investigations concluded that there was adequate adrenal suppression with glucocorticoids and that azoospermia was due to obstruction by adrenal rest tissue, strategically situated at the hilum of the testes. Spermatozoa were able to be retrieved by testicular aspiration from the man and these were used to successfully establish a pregnancy using intracytoplasmic sperm injection of his wife's oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murphy
- Departments of Medicine and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Chan CC, Murphy H, Munroe GA. Treatment of chronic digital septic tenosynovitis in 12 horses by modified open annular ligament desmotomy and passive open drainage. Vet Rec 2000; 147:388-93. [PMID: 11073001 DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.14.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A modified open annular ligament desmotomy followed by passive open drainage was used to treat 12 horses with chronic digital septic tenosynovitis due to trauma in the form of open wounds or self-sealing punctures. The surgical approach included complete transection of the palmar/plantar annular ligament of the fetlock and proximal digital annular ligament, which facilitated the removal of fibrin, selective debridement and synovectomy, followed by lavage of the digital sheath. The incision was partially closed leaving a 2 cm gap open distally to allow for passive open drainage. Gentamicin was administered intrathecally during surgery. Postoperatively the horses received ceftiofur and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A sterile bandage was used to protect the wound until the gap had healed completely by second intention. Infection was controlled in 11 of the horses which all returned to their previous levels of work, but one horse was euthanased as a result of the persistence of the infection and financial considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chan
- The Ashbrook Equine Hospital, Knutsford, Cheshire
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Humphreys H, Murphy H. Safe disposal of waste, not a waste of resources. Ir Med J 2000; 93:168-9. [PMID: 11105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Nourse C, Byrne C, Murphy H, Kaufmann ME, Clarke A, Butler K. Eradication of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium from a paediatric oncology unit and prevalence of colonization in hospitalized and community-based children. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124:53-9. [PMID: 10722130 PMCID: PMC2810883 DOI: 10.1017/s095026889900326x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an outbreak of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a paediatric oncology unit in December 1995 which was associated with widespread environmental contamination of the unit with VRE. We undertook this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the infection control policy instituted subsequent to the outbreak and to investigate the underlying prevalence of VRE colonization in hospitalized, outpatient and community-based children. We sought to establish the molecular similarity of VRE isolates from the study. Stool specimens were obtained from outpatients at risk of VRE, hospital inpatients and from healthy community-based children. VRE colonization was eradicated from the inpatient unit within 11 months, but in outpatients, 16 months after the outbreak, 4 of 137 (2.9 %) attending oncology outpatients, 5 of 65 (7.7%) with cystic fibrosis and 1 of 12 (8.3 %) with liver disease were found to be colonized with VRE. The isolates were all Enterococcus faecium, Van A phenotype except one E. casseliflavus of the Van C phenotype. All were unique in SmaI DNA macrorestriction patterns with the exception of two isolates, which were similar to the original outbreak strain and three further isolates of a single strain but which differed from the outbreak strain. Of 315 hospital inpatients, 2.5 % were colonized with VRE of the Van C resistance phenotype but VRE was not detected in 116 healthy, community-based children. We conclude that effective strategies can successfully control spread of VRE but despite a low prevalence of VRE colonization in hospital patients and in community-based children, outbreaks can occur when infection control practices are not optimal. Continued vigilance to detect VRE and limit spread within hospitals is therefore necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nourse
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Dublin, Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumblin
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Betts PR, Logatchov M, Volkov I, Murphy H, Dombrowskaya N, Borzikh S, Ivanova I, Twyman S, Vartan J. An assessment of paediatric diabetes care in three centres in Russia and in Southampton, UK. The Paediatric Teams in Moscow, Tula, Tambov, Southampton. Diabet Med 1999; 16:772-8. [PMID: 10510955 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Young people in Russia with diabetes have an increased morbidity and a 10-fold increase in mortality compared with many European countries. This joint international study was set up to compare of care and outcomes against published guidelines in three Russian centres and one UK centre. METHODS An assessment of the diabetic care of 368 children, based on the principles of the St Vincent Declaration, was undertaken in each centre. Data on prevalence, management, control and complications were collected in young people with diabetes < 16 years of age in each of the four centres over a 4-week period. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was greater in Southampton (1:702 vs. 1:1378). At diagnosis Russian children had a higher incidence of ketoacidosis (69 vs. 29%) and stayed in hospital longer (30 vs. 3 days). In management Russian children received more injections per day (5 vs. 2). There was no significant difference in insulin dose for those under 10 years between countries (Southampton 0.69 U/kg vs. Russian 0.73 U/kg, P=NS). Older Russian children did not increase their insulin dosage, while children over 10 years in Southampton received significantly more insulin than the Russian children (Southampton 1.0 U/kg vs. Russian 0.77 U/kg, P< or =0.001). Twenty-nine per cent of the Russian children reported that they had insufficient insulin and 14% had to buy extra. HbA1c was higher in the Russian children (9.8% vs. 8.3%), increasing significantly with age. The Russian children showed a height deficit which correlated with HbA1c and diabetes duration. The Southampton children were heavier and with a higher body-mass index and their HbA1c did not rise similarly as in Russia. Severe hypoglycaemia was more common in the Southampton children (32 vs. 12%). Retinopathy was reported in 12% of the Russian children (Southampton 0%) and systolic blood pressure > 95th centile in 21% (Southampton 8%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a significant difference in diabetic control and complications between the two countries which could be partially explained by a decreased availability and prescribing of insulin and blood glucose monitoring in Russia. Southampton has an education and management policy based on ambulatory care resulting in reduced hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Betts
- Southampton University Hospitals Trust, UK.
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Abstract
This study aimed to establish the relationship between depression, illness perception, coping strategies, and adverse childhood events in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sixty-two out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire, London Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire, and Childhood Development Questionnaire, and underwent a clinical assessment of their physical state. Depressed patients were more disabled than the nondepressed, had a more negative view of their illness, and used more negative coping strategies. There was no association between depression and childhood adversity. Once disability was controlled for, there continued to be a significant correlation between depression and: (i) viewing the consequences of the illness negatively (Spearman's correlation coefficient [r]=0.37, p=0.003); and (ii) the perceived ability to control the illness (r= -0.26, p=0.04). The relationship between depression and negative coping strategies became insignificant. This study indicates the close relationship between depression and a negative view of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murphy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, University of Manchester, UK
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McAlinden MG, Magowan J, Wilson DJ, Insley G, Ferris P, Prendergast PJ, Rice J, Blayney AW, Dalstra M, Walsh M, McGloughlin T, Grace P, Colgan D, Bray D, McCormack BAO, Reilly R, Tancred D, Carr AJ, McCormack BAO, Leyland NS, Meenan J, Boyd A, Akay M, O’Dwyer B, McCormack BAO, Dunne NJ, Ryan K, Orr JF, Stungo B, Brennan EG, O’Hare NJ, Walsh MJ, Jordan MF, Rasheed AM, Kelly C, Kay E, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, Maher SA, O’Reilly D, Foley J, Gillan MA, Cole JS, Raghunathan S, O’Reilly MJG, Kenny T, Foley J, Hourigan TF, Lyons GM, Cox SL, Kernohan WG, Fitzpatrick C, Kernohan WG, Dempsey GJ, Millar I, Kelly S, Charlwood AP, O’Brien S, Beverland DE, Kavanagh A, McGloughlin T, Neligan MF, McKenna J, Laracy P, Moran D, O’Beirne J, Charlwood AP, Kelly S, Nixon JR, Beverland DE, Kenny P, Maher SA, Murphy LA, Prendergast PJ, O’Rourke SK, O’Donoghue D, Gilchrist MD, Caulfield B, O’Brien B, Simms C, Lyons CG, Brady CL, Badran S, Clifford PM, Burden DJ, Orr JF, Taylor D, Hill R, Griffin S, De Barra E, Brook I, Reytil P, Blades M, O’Reilly JP, Masterson BF, Macauley D, Toner M, Walker J, Gillan J, Boyd A, Meenan J, Akay M, Leyland NS, Murphy H, McNamara P, Jones E, Kelly P, Rajah L, Dhaif B, Colville J, Waide DV, Waide DV, Lawlor G, McCormack A, Carr AJ, McCartney W, McNamara BP, Connolly P, Devitt A, McElwaine J, O’Reilly P, Maher SA, Eames MHA, Cosgrove AP, Baker RJ, Condron J, Coyle E, Nugent D, Webb J, Black ND, Mclntyre M, Lowery M, O’Malley M, Vaughan L, Sweeney PC, Lyons GM, McGiven R, Collins AD, Gibson MJ, Lyons GM, Clernon GF, Wilcox DJ, Shanahan A, Buckley PJ, Hanna S, McGrellis N, Orr JF, Fennel B, Hill R, Akinmade A, Mitchell A, Pintado MR, Douglas WH, Ryan EE, Savage EJ, Orr JF, Mitchell E, Silbermann M, Mullett H, Ranjith P, Burke T, Hill R, Dorreil P, Watters EP, Spedding PL, Grimshaw J, M Bowler DJ, Felle P, Allen D, McCormack BAO, Moran R, Lennon AB, McCormack BAO, Prendergast PJ, Thompson NS, Cosgrove AP, Baker RJ, Saunders JL, Taylor T, Grimson J, Grimson W, Azuaje F, Black ND, Adamson K, Lopes P, Dubitzky W, Wu X, White J, Murtagh F, Campbell JG, Adamson K, O’Tiarnaigh RI, Cormack WA, Hume A, Starck JL, Lardillier P, Kernohan WG, Mao WE, Bell D, Chambers MGA, McCammon C, Leane GE, Lyons GM, Lyons DJ, Lacrox D, Murphy LA, Prendergast PJ, FitzPatrick DP, McClorey M, Meenen J, O’Brien FJ, Lee TC, Pellegrini F, Dickson GR, Taylor D. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland section of bioengineering. Ir J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02937426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nourse C, Kaufmann M, Byrne M, Byrne C, Moylett E, Murphy H, Butler K. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis with reduced susceptibilities to teicoplanin in a paediatric hospital in Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42:118-9. [PMID: 9700543 DOI: 10.1093/jac/42.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Grogan J, Murphy H, Butler K. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Dublin paediatric hospital. Br J Biomed Sci 1998; 55:111-7. [PMID: 10198468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and gentamicin was isolated from two patients in a paediatric intensive care unit within a two-week period. The double-disc diffusion test indicated the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The unit was closed to admissions, and stringent infection control procedures were implemented. Environmental screening and screening of staff and patients on the unit were commenced. Two weeks later, K. pneumoniae with an identical antibiogram was isolated from the urine of a patient in a different ward. Blood-culture isolates possessed the K16 antigen, while the urine isolate was non-typeable. The isolates were shown to be similar when banding patterns of XbaI chromosomal DNA digests were compared. The resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins was shown to be transferable in association with a large plasmid > 98 mDa. Resistance to gentamicin always co-transferred with beta-lactamase resistance and appeared to be encoded by the same plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grogan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Willison HJ, Lastovica AJ, Prendergast MM, Moran AP, Walsh C, Flitcroft I, Eustace P, McMahon C, Smith J, Smith OP, Lakshmandass G, Taylor MRH, Holland CV, Cox D, Good B, Kearns GM, Gaffney P, Shark K, Frauenshuh M, Ortmann W, Messner R, King R, Rich S, Behrens T, Mahmud N, Molloy A, McPartlin J, Scott JM, Weir DG, Walsh KM, Thorburn D, Mills P, Morris AJ, Good T, Cameron S, McCruden EAB, Bennett MW, O’Connell J, Brady C, Roche D, Collins JK, Shanahan F, O’Sullivant GC, Henry M, Koston S, McMahon K, MacNee W, FitzGerald MX, O’Connor CM, McGonagle D, Gibbon W, O’Connor P, Emery P, Murphy M, Watson R, Casey E, Naidu E, Murphy M, Watson R, Barnes L, McCann S, Murphy M, Watson R, Barnes L, Sweeney E, Barrett EJ, Graham H, Cunningham RT, Johnston CF, Curry WJ, Buchanan KD, Courtney CH, McAllister AS, McCance DR, Hadden DR, Bell PM, Leslie H, Sheridan B, Atkinson AB, Kilbane MT, Smith DF, Murray MJ, Shering SG, McDermott EWM, O’Higgins NJ, Smyth PPA, McEneny J, Trimble ER, Young IS, Sharpe P, Mercer C, McMaster D, Young IS, Evans AE, Young IS, Cundick J, Hasselwander O, McMaster D, McGeough J, Savage D, Maxwell AP, Evans AE, Kee F, Larkin CJ, Watson RGP, Johnston C, Ardill JES, Buchanan KD, McNamara DA, Walsh TN, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Madden C, Timon C, Gardiner N, Lawler M, O’Riordan J, Duggan C, McCann SR, Gowing H, Braakman E, Lawler M, Byrne C, Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A, McCann SR, Kinsella N, Cusack S, Lawler M, Baker H, White B, Smith OP, Lawler M, Gardiner N, Molloy K, Gowing H, Wogan A, McCann SR, McElwaine S, Lawler M, Hollywood D, McCann SR, Mcmahon C, Merry C, Ryan M, Smith O, Mulcahy FM, Murphy C, Briones J, Gardiner N, McCann SR, Lawler M, White B, Lawler M, Cusack S, Kinsella N, Smith OP, Lavin P, McCaffrey M, Gillen P, White B, Smith OP, Thompson L, Lalloz M, Layton M, Barnes L, Corish C, Kennedy NP, Flood P, Mulligan S, McNamara E, Kennedy NP, Flood P, Mathias PM, Ball E, Duiculescu D, Calistru P, O’Gorman N, Kennedy NP, Abuzakouk M, Feighery C, Brannigan M, Pender S, Keeling F, Varghese J, Lee M, Colreavy M, Gaffney R, Hone S, Herzig M, Walsh M, Dolan C, Wogan A, Lawler M, McCann SR, Hollywood D, Donovan D, Harmey J, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Haverty A, Wang JH, Harmey JH, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, McGreal G, Shering SG, Moriarty MJ, Shortt A, Kilbane MT, Smith DF, McDermott EWM, O’Higgins NJ, Smyth PPA, McNamara DA, Harmey J, Wang JH, Donovan D, Walsh TN, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Kay E, Pidgeon G, Harmey J, McNamara DA, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Dunne P, Lambkin H, Russell JM, O’Neill AJ, Dunne BM, O’Donovan M, Lawler M, Gaffney EF, Gillan JE, Cotter TG, Horan J, Jones D, Biswas SK, Mulkerrin EC, Brady H, O’Donnell J, Neary J, Healy E, Watson A, Keogh B, Ryan M, Cassidy C, Ward S, Stokes E, Keoghan F, Barrett A, O’Connell P, Ryall N, O’Connell PA, Jenkinson A, O’Brien T, O’Connell PG, Harrison R, Barrett T, Bailey DMD, Butler A, Barton DE, Byrne C, McElwaine S, McCann SR, Lawler M, Cusack S, Lawler M, White B, Smith OP, Daly G, Gill M, Heron S, Hawi Z, Fitzgerald M, Hawi Z, Mynett-Johnson L, Shiels D, Kendler K, McKeon P, Gill M, Straub R, Walsh D, Ryan F, Barton DE, McCabe D, Murphy R, Segurado R, Mulcahy T, Larson B, Comerford C, O’Connell R, O’Mahony E, Gill M, Donnelly J, Minahan F, O’Neill D, Farrell Z, O’Neill D, Jones D, Horan J, Glynn C, Biswas SK, Mulkerrin E, Brady H, Lennox SE, Murphy A, Rea IM, McNulty H, McMeel C, O’Neill D, McEvoy H, Freaney R, McKenna MJ, Crowe M, Keating D, Colreavy M, Hone S, Norman G, Widda S, Viani L, Galvin, Nolan CM, Hardiman O, Hardiman O, Brett F, Droogan O, Gallagher P, Harmey M, King M, Murphy J, Perryrnan R, Sukumaran S, Walsh J, Farrell MA, Hughes G, Cunningham C, Walsh JB, Coakley D, O’Neill D, Hurson M, Flood P, McMonagle P, Hardiman O, Ryan F, O’Sullivan S, Merry C, Dodd P, Redmond J, Mulcahy FM, Browne R, Keating S, O’Connor J, Cassidy BP, Smyth R, Sheppard NP, Cullivan R, Crown J, Walsh N, Denihan A, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Bridges PK, O’Doherty M, Farrington A, O’Doherty M, Farragher B, Fahy S, Kelly R, Carey T, Owens J, Gallagher O, Sloan D, McDonough C, Casey P, Horgan A, Elneihum A, O’Neill C, McMonagle T, Quinn J, Meagher D, Murphy P, Kinsella A, Mullaney J, Waddington JL, Rooney S, Rooney S, Bamford L, Sloan D, O’Connor JJ, Franklin R, O’Brien K, Fitzpatrick G, Laffey JG, Boylan JF, Laffey J, Coleman M, Boylan J, Laffey JG, McShane AJ, Boylan JF, Loughrey JPR, Gardiner J, McGinley J, Leonard I, Carey M, Neligan P, O’Rourke J, Cunningham A, Fennessy F, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D, Fennessy F, Wang JH, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D, Fennessy F, Wang JH, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Kellett J, Laffey J, Murphy D, Regan J, O’Keeffe D, Mahmud A, Hemeryck L, Feely J, Mahmud A, Hemeryck L, Hall M, Feely J, Menown IBA, Mathew TP, Nesbitt GS, Syme M, Young IS, Adgey AAJ, Menown IBA, Turtle F, Allen J, Anderson J, Adgey AAJ, O’Hanlon R, Codd MB, Walkin S, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Rasheed AM, Chen G, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, Rasheed AM, Kay E, Jina S, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, McDowell I, Rasheed AM, Wang JH, Wo Q, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, Shuhaibar MN, McGovern E, Turtle F, Menown IBA, Manoharan G, Kirkpatrick R, Campbell NPS, Walkin S, Codd MB, O’Hanlon R, McCarthy C, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Wen Y, Killalea S, Hall M, Hemeryck L, Feely J, Fahy CJ, Griffith A, McGinley J, McCabe D, Fraser A, Casey E, Ryan T, Murphy R, Browne M, Fenton J, Hughes J, Timon CI, Fenton J, Curran A, Smyth D, Viani L, Walsh M, Hughes JP, Fenton J, Lee P, Kelly A, Timon CI, Hughes JP, Fenton J, Shine N, Blayney A, McShane DP, Timon CI, Hussey J, Howlett M, Langton A, McEvoy A, Slevin J, Fitzpatrick C, Turner MJ, Enright F, Goggin N, Costigan C, Duff D, Osizlok P, Wood F, Watson R, Fitzsimons RB, Flanagan N, Enright F, Barnes L, Watson R, Molloy E, Griffin E, Deasy PF, Sheridan M, White MJ, Moore R, Gray A, Hill J, Glasgow JFT, Middleton B, Slattery D, Donoghue V, McMahon A, Murphy J, Slattery D, McCarthy A, Oslislok P, Duff D, Colreavy M, Keogh I, Hone S, Walsh M, Henry M, Koston S, McMahon K, MacNee W, FitzGerald MX, O’Connor CM, Russell KJ, Henry M, Fitzgerald MX, O’Connor CM, Kavanagh PV, McNamara SM, Feely J, Barry M, O’Brien JE, McCormick P, Molony C, Doyle RM, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Codd MB, O’Connell PR, Dowey LC, McGlynn H, Thurnham DI, Elborn SJ, Flynn L, Carton J, Byrne B, O’Farrelly C, Kelehan P, O’Herlihy C, O’Hara AM, Moran AP, Orren A, Fernie BA, Merry C, Clarke S, Courtney G, de Gascun C, Mulcahy FM, Merry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Merry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Byrne M, Moylett E, Murphy H, Butler K, Nourse C, Thaker H, Barry C, Russell J, Sheehan G, Boyle B, Hone R, Conboy B, Butler C, Moris D, Cormican M, Flynn J, McCormack O, Corbally N, Murray A, Kirrane S, O’Keane C, Hone R, Lynch SM, Cryan B, Whyte D, Morris D, Butler C, Cormican M, Flynn J, Corbett-Feeney G, Murray A, Corbally N, Hone R, Mackle T, Colreavy M, Perkins J, Saidlear C, Young A, Eustace P, Wrigley M, Clifford J, Waddington JL, Tighe O, Croke DT, Drago J, Sibley DR, Feely J, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Hennessy M, Kelly M, Feely J, Hughes C, Hanlon M, Feely J, Sabra K, Keane T, Egan D, Ryan M, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Sharma SC, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Codd MB, Mahon NG, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Sayers GM, Johnson Z, McNamara SM, Kavanagh PV, Feely J. National scientific medical meeting 1997 abstracts. Ir J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02937234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wróbel B, Murphy H, Cashel M, Wegrzyn G. Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp)-mediated inhibition of the activity of the bacteriophage lambda pR promoter in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 1998; 257:490-5. [PMID: 9529531 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that the activity of bacteriophage lambda promoter pR is decreased in wild-type Escherichia coli cells starved for amino acids (during the stringent response). Since pR activity is necessary for the transcriptional activation of ori lambda, this leads to inhibition of the replication of plasmids derived from phage lambda. These results led to the proposal that the pR promoter susceptible to control by the stringent response. However, subsequent studies demonstrated that this promoter is activated by the host dnaA gene product and since the dnaA promoter was reported to be controlled by the stringent response, it is possible that the inhibition of pR activity in amino acid-starved cells is indirect, and results from the impairment of DnaA-mediated transcriptional activation. Here we present evidence that pR is negatively regulated by ppGpp, even when DnaA protein is provided in excess as well as in cells devoid of DnaA function. We have checked that the level of ppGpp is increased during prolonged (up to 4 h) starvation for isoleucine in relA+ cells but not in the relA- mutant. At the same time we observed inhibition of lambda plasmid replication during the stringent, but not relaxed, response, even when DnaA was overproduced. Finally, we found that the activity of a pR-lacZ fusion is inhibited after gratuitously induced overproduction of ppGpp in unstarved cells, irrespective of the status of the dnaA gene product. We conclude that the activity of the pR promoter is inhibited directly by ppGpp.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wróbel
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdañsk, Poland
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Nourse C, Murphy H, Byrne C, O'Meara A, Breatnach F, Kaufmann M, Clarke A, Butler K. Control of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium in a paediatric oncology unit: risk factors for colonisation. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157:20-7. [PMID: 9461358 DOI: 10.1007/s004310050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In order to determine the extent of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) colonisation within a paediatric oncology unit, the risk factors for the acquisition of the organism, the molecular epidemiology of the isolates and the impact of infection control measures, extensive patient and environmental surveillance was undertaken with identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of all VRE isolates. A matched case control study was carried out. Fourteen patients (19% of screened patients) with VRE colonisation were identified (12 with Enterococcus faecium). All isolates manifested the Van A phenotype. Extensive environmental contamination with VRE was present. PFGE of E. faecium isolates from 10 patients and from five of six environmental cultures revealed patterns suggesting genetic relatedness. Following comparison of the 14 cases with 41 controls matched for age (+/- 4 years) and cohabitation on the oncology unit, risk factors for colonisation with VRE included duration of neutropenia, (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.0-13.1), and antibiotic therapy, (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.08-15.3), the number of antibiotic agents received, (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.34-34.3) and the duration of therapy with amikacin, (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 1.4-81.5), ceftazidime, (OR, 11.5; 95% CI, 2.2 59.9) or teicoplanin, (OR, 12.3; 95% CI, 2.25-67.4). Implementation of stringent infection control measures reduced environmental contamination from 25% of samples in week 1 to none in week 11. Two additional colonised patients were identified during the subsequent 6 months. CONCLUSION Risk factors for VRE colonization in paediatric oncology patients included duration of neutropenia, duration of any antibiotic therapy, exposure to ceftazidime, amikacin or teicoplanin and the number of antibiotics used. The study suggests that environmental contamination played an important role in patient-to-patient transmission of VRE and interventions including implementation of infection control measures were associated with a decreased incidence of gastro-intestinal colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nourse
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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