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Gull S, Ejaz S, Ali S, Ali MM, Sardar H, Azam M, Deng H, Yousef AF, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH. Xanthan gum-based edible coating effectively preserve postharvest quality of 'Gola' guava fruits by regulating physiological and biochemical processes. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:450. [PMID: 38783216 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guava is a fruit prone to rapid spoilage following harvest, attributed to continuous and swift physicochemical transformations, leading to substantial postharvest losses. This study explored the efficacy of xanthan gum (XG) coatings applied at various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%) on guava fruits (Gola cultivar) over a 15-day storage period. RESULTS The results indicated that XG coatings, particularly at 0.75%, substantially mitigated moisture loss and decay, presenting an optimal concentration. The coated fruits exhibited a modified total soluble soluble solids, an increased total titratable acidity, and an enhanced sugar-acid ratio, collectively enhancing overall quality. Furthermore, the XG coatings demonstrated the remarkable ability to preserve bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants, while minimizing the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and H2O2. The coatings also influenced cell wall components, maintaining levels of hemicellulose, cellulose, and protopectin while reducing water-soluble pectin. Quantitative analysis of ROS-scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, revealed significant increases in their activities in the XG-coated fruits compared to those in the control fruits. Specifically, on day 15, the 0.75% XG coating demonstrated the highest SOD and CAT activities while minimizing the reduction in APX activity. Moreover, XG coatings mitigated the activities of fruit-softening enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, and cellulase. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that XG coatings play a crucial role in preserving postharvest quality of guava fruits by regulating various physiological and biochemical processes. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential application of XG as a natural coating to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of guava fruits during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Gull
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Pomology Laboratory, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Branch Assiut), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abou Fayssal S, Kumar P, Popescu SM, Khanday MUD, Sardar H, Ahmad R, Gupta D, Kumar Gaur S, Alharby HF, Al-Ghamdi AG. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) cultivated in domestic wastewater and lake water irrigated soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27138. [PMID: 38455530 PMCID: PMC10918222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Irrigation of crops with domestic wastewater (DW) is a common practice in developing countries like India. However, domestic wastewater irrigation poses a risk of migration of toxic heavy metals to edible parts of crops, which requires serious measures to prevent their uptake. In this study, the effect of DW irrigation in comparison with Sarbal Lake water (SLW) and borewell water (BW) on soil characteristics and cultivated saffron (Crocus sativus L.) was investigated. For this purpose, samples of water, soil, and saffron (corm, petal, and stigma) were collected from the suburban area of Pampore, Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The results showed that DW irrigation had the maximum significant (p < 0.05) influence on the physico-chemical and nutrient characteristics of the soil, followed by SLW and BW irrigation, respectively. The growth and yield parameters of saffron were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the case of DW irrigation as compared to SLW and BW. The quality ranking of the cultivated saffron was found to be in accordance with the ISO standard (III: BW and II: DW and SLW). On the other hand, DW irrigation showed a significant increase in heavy metal contents (mg/kg) of saffron plant parts such as As (0.21-0.40), Cd (0.04-0.09), Cr (0.16-0.41), Cu (7.31-14. 75), Fe (142.38-303.15), Pb (0.18-0.31), Mn (15.26-22.81), Hg (0.18-0.25), Ni (0.74-1.18), Se (0.13-0.22), and Zn (3.44-4.59), followed by SLW and BW. However, the levels of heavy metals did not exceed the FAO/WHO safe limits. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), dietary intake modeling (DIM<0.006496), health risk assessment (HRI<0.028571), and target hazard quotient (THQ<1) analyses showed no potential health hazard associated with the consumption of saffron irrigated with DW and SLW. Therefore, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of irrigation sources for saffron cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agroecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
- Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Simona M. Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mehraj ud-din Khanday
- Division of Soil Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
| | - Deep Gupta
- College of Smart Agriculture, COER University, Roorkee 247667, India
| | | | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Javed MS, Alvi SQ, Amjad A, Sardar H, Anwar MJ, Javid A, Abou Fayssal S, Kumar P, Abou Fayssal T, Wabaidur SM, Okla MK, Saleh IA, AbdElgawad H. Protein extracted from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves: Bio-evaluation and characterization as suitable plant-based meat-protein alternative. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 146:105536. [PMID: 38056705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and characterize moringa leaf protein (MLP) via HPLC and evaluate its consumption's effects through rat model. Four groups of Albino Wistar rats (n = 25 each) along with a control group (n = 25) were acclimatized. The isolated MLP was added to the basal diet (casein; control) in various percentages (25, 50, 75, 100%) for a 21-day experimental period. On three intervals (1st, 11th, 21st days), blood samples were collected and subjected for hematological and biochemical examination (Renal Function Test (RFT), Liver Function Test (LFT)). MLP contained a variety of essential and non-essential amino acids in substantial amounts. The Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of 50% MLP-treated group was the highest (1.72) among MLP treatments. Increases in feed intake and weight were observed in treated rats compared to the control. The hematological profile of the rats revealed increases in Hemoglobin (Hb) (7.9-14.0%), White Blood Cell (WBC) (35.9-51.5%), Red Blood Cell (RBC) (17.1-22.2%), Hematocrit (HCT) (13.1-22.9%), and platelets levels (36.5-40.6%) from day 1. Protein isolates decreased liver parameters but resulted in non-significant changes in liver and kidney functions in rats. Further investigation is needed to determine the safe daily intake of MLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sameem Javed
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Smara Qaiser Alvi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Amjad
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Junaid Anwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Javid
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India; Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Tracy Abou Fayssal
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, 90656 Jdeidet El Metn, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | - Saikh M Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Sardar H, Khalid Z, Ahsan M, Naz S, Nawaz A, Ahmad R, Razzaq K, Wabaidur SM, Jacquard C, Širić I, Kumar P, Abou Fayssal S. Enhancement of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) via Foliar Application of Nitric Oxide. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12051115. [PMID: 36903975 PMCID: PMC10005404 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a signaling molecule that plays a key role in the plant defense system under salt stress. This study investigated the impact of exogenous application of 0.2 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) on the salt tolerance and physiological and morphological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under salt stress (25, 50, 75, and 100 mM). Salt stress caused a marked decrease in growth, yield, carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants as compared to control ones. Results showed that salt stress significantly affected the oxidative compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and non-oxidative compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and H2O2) in lettuce. Moreover, salt stress decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium ions (K+) while increasing Na ions (Na+) in the leaves of lettuce under salt stress. The exogenous application of NO increased ascorbic acid, total phenols, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and MDA content in the leaves of lettuce under salt stress. In addition, the exogenous application of NO decreased H2O2 content in plants under salt stress. Moreover, the exogenous application of NO increased leaf N in control, and leaf P and leaf and root K+ content in all treatments while decreasing leaf Na+ in salt-stressed lettuce plants. These results provide evidence that the exogenous application of NO on lettuce helps mitigate salt stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Khalid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Razzaq
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Saikh M. Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Research Unit Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, University of Reims, EA 4707 USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ivan Širić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
| | - Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
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Shakir MS, Ejaz S, Hussain S, Ali S, Sardar H, Azam M, Ullah S, Khaliq G, Saleem MS, Nawaz A, Anjum MA, Canan İ. Synergistic effect of gum Arabic and carboxymethyl cellulose as biocomposite coating delays senescence in stored tomatoes by regulating antioxidants and cell wall degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:641-652. [PMID: 35041889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study tested a novel combination of hydrocolloid gum arabic (GA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to extend postharvest life of tomatoes. For this purpose, tomato fruits were coated with GA 10%, CMC 0.5% and GA 10% + CMC 0.5%, and stored for 20 days at 20 °C and 90 ± 2% RH. Application of biocomposite hydrocolloid coating reduced physiological weight loss, respiration rate, ethylene production, decay percentage and stress markers viz. malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Biocomposite hydrocolloid coating inhibited change in bioactive compounds (phenolics, ascorbic acid, and lycopene), color, organic acids, soluble sugars and up-regulated enzymatic ROS scavenging mechanism in tomato fruit more than GA or CMC coating. Moreover, biocomposite coatings delayed senescence by reducing activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and maintaining cell wall fractions. Conclusively, the biocomposite coating based on GA and CMC was superior to their individual coating in prolonging ripening phase, delaying senescence and increasing the acceptability of tomato fruits for longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Khaliq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
| | - İhsan Canan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
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Saleem MS, Anjum MA, Naz S, Ali S, Hussain S, Azam M, Sardar H, Khaliq G, Canan İ, Ejaz S. Incorporation of ascorbic acid in chitosan-based edible coating improves postharvest quality and storability of strawberry fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:160-169. [PMID: 34411616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent postharvest studies have shown that adding an antioxidative agent in a polysaccharide-based edible coating reduces postharvest losses and extends the shelf life of a coated fruit. Therefore, the effect of addition of ascorbic acid (AA, 1%) in chitosan-based coating (CH, 1%) on strawberry fruits under cold storage conditions at 4 ± 1 °C and 85 ± 5% RH was investigated for 15 days. It was observed that addition of AA in CH coating reduced weight loss, decay percentage, malondialdehyde content and hydrogen peroxide compared to CH alone. The combined CH + AA application also suppressed fruit softening by reducing cell wall degrading enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase, cellulase and pectin methyl esterase) activities. In addition, AA incorporation catalyzed ROS scavenging enzymes (i.e. ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) activities. CH + AA treatment also maintained fruit quality by conserving higher total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Sensory quality (color, taste, glossiness and overall acceptability) of fruits coated with CH + AA treatment was also stable during storage. Conclusively, the combined CH + AA application is an effective approach to maintain the postharvest quality of strawberry fruits under cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Khaliq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - İhsan Canan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
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Naz S, Anjum MA, Ejaz S, Ali S, Saddiq B, Sardar H, Haider STA. Sewage wastewater reclamation with sand column filter and reduction of heavy metal accumulation in tomato and okra. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:45962-45970. [PMID: 33890214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation has much increased in edible parts of fresh fruits and vegetables due to use of industrial waste/effluent, and wastewater. In the current work, sewage wastewater was reclaimed through a column filled with sand having a mesh size of 0.5 mm and its effect was investigated on concentration of different heavy metals, vegetative growth, and yield of okra and tomato. The use of unfiltered sewage wastewater (UFSW) had considerably higher concentrations of heavy metals but it substantially increased plant height, leaf number, and leaf area in both okra and tomato plants in contrast to filtered sewage wastewater (FSW). The application of UFSW resulted in a significantly higher accumulation of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in roots and edible parts of okra and tomato as compared with FSW treatment. However, FSW and UFSW did not significantly influence concentrations of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) in roots and edible parts of both okra and tomato. In conclusion, sand column filtration technique could be efficiently used for the reclamation of sewage wastewater, and reduction of various heavy metals present in sewage wastewater-irrigated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Saddiq
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Ali S, Anjum MA, Ejaz S, Hussain S, Ercisli S, Saleem MS, Sardar H. Carboxymethyl cellulose coating delays chilling injury development and maintains eating quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin fruits during low temperature storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:77-85. [PMID: 33301851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of edible coatings is an efficient way to reduce mass loss and to conserve the quality of a coated fresh produce during postharvest storage. In the present research, the impact of carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC (1%] coating was studied on 'Kinnow' mandarins during cold storage at 5 ± 1 °C for 30 days. Results showed that CMC treatment substantially suppressed chilling injury symptoms, disease incidence, fresh weight loss, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage compared with control. The CMC coated 'Kinnow' mandarins showed markedly higher ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities compared to control. The treatment of 'Kinnow' mandarins with CMC also suppressed the increase in total soluble solids, ripening index and showed substantially higher titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity along with better sensory quality in contrast with uncoated fruits. In conclusion, CMC coating could be an effective approach for the chilling injury reduction and quality maintenance of harvested 'Kinnow' mandarin fruits during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Saleem
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Ali S, Anjum MA, Nawaz A, Naz S, Hussain S, Ejaz S, Sardar H. Effect of pre-storage ascorbic acid and Aloe vera gel coating application on enzymatic browning and quality of lotus root slices. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13136. [PMID: 31907949 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ascorbic acid [AA (1%)] and Aloe vera gel [AVG (50%)] coating alone and in combination was investigated on enzymatic browning and quality of lotus root slices during storage at 20 ± 1°C. The combined application of AA and AVG coating delayed surface browning, reduced increase in relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and showed higher overall visual quality (OVQ). Similarly, AA and AVG combined treatment reduced superoxide anion ( O 2 - · ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and suppressed peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. In addition, AA and AVG treatment conserved higher AA content, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activities along with higher total phenolics and radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, the combined application of AA and AVG coating could be an appropriate treatment to delay surface browning and quality loss of lotus root slices. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lotus root is an aquatic rhizome vegetable. The fresh-cut slices of lotus roots are prone to post-cut enzymatic browning and quality deterioration during postharvest storage. Browning induced loss of visual quality and microbial infestations are the leading constraints in extending storage and/or shelf life of lotus root slices. Surface browning results in loss of characteristic color eventually leading to significant reduction in market potential and visual quality. However, quality deterioration and development of browning could be delayed with some suitable postharvest treatments. So, the effect of AA and Aloe vera gel based coating was investigated for quality conservation of lotus root slices. The findings of the current work are of global importance in reducing browning and conserving visual quality of lotus root slices in particular and fresh-cut produce in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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10
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Nawaz F, Naeem M, Akram A, Ashraf MY, Ahmad KS, Zulfiqar B, Sardar H, Shabbir RN, Majeed S, Shehzad MA, Anwar I. Seed priming with KNO 3 mediates biochemical processes to inhibit lead toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:4780-4789. [PMID: 28369913 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of lead (Pb) in agricultural soils has become a major factor for reduced crop yields and poses serious threats to humans consuming agricultural products. The present study investigated the effects of KNO3 seed priming (0 and 0.5% KNO3 ) on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings exposed to Pb toxicity (0, 1300 and 2550 mg kg-1 Pb). RESULTS Pb exposure markedly reduced the growth of maize seedlings and resulted in higher Pb accumulation in roots than shoots. Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 significantly improved the germination percentage and increased physiological indices. A stimulating effect of KNO3 seed priming was also observed on pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) of Pb-stressed plants. Low translocation of Pb from roots to shoots caused an increased accumulation of total free amino acids and higher activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots as compared to shoot, which were further enhanced by exogenous KNO3 supply to prevent Pb toxicity. CONCLUSION Maize accumulates more Pb in roots than shoot at early growth stages. Priming of seeds with KNO3 prevents Pb toxicity, which may be exploited to improve seedling establishment in crop species grown under Pb contaminated soils. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asim Akram
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Khawaja S Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rana N Shabbir
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Majeed
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Anwar
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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11
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Chowdhury RA, Azad AK, Sardar H, Siddiqui MR, Saad S, Rahman S, Sikder AS. Pattern of Pulmonary Involvement and Outcome of Aspiration Pneumonia in Patients with Altered Consciousness Admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:132-137. [PMID: 26931262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspiration is well recognized as a cause of pulmonary disease and is not uncommon in patients with altered consciousness.The mortality rate of aspiration pneumonia is approximately 1% in outpatient setting and upto 25% in those requiring hospitalization. This study was done to see the pattern of pulmonary involvement and outcome of aspiration pneumonia in patients with altered consciousness admitted in medicine department of a tertiary care hospital in our country. This was a prospective observational study conducted among the 52 adult patients of aspiration pneumonia with altered consciousness admitted in the medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), during June 2010 to December 2010. Aspiration pneumonia was confirmed by clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Hematologic measurements (TC of WBC, Hb%, ESR, platelet count), chest X-ray, blood gas analysis, blood urea, creatinine and random blood sugar, sputum for Gram staining, sputum for culture sensitivity and blood culture were done in all patients.Assessment of altered conscious patient was done by application of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Case record forms with appropriate questionnaire were filled for all patients. The mean±SD age was 57.42±13.63 years with ranged from 25 to 90 years. Out of 52 patients, 37(71.15%) patients were male and 15(28.85%) patients were female. Following aspiration 76.92% patients developed pneumonitis, 13.46% patients developed lung abscess and only 9.62% patients developed ARDS. Most (33) of the patients had opacity in right lower zone and 13 patients had opacity in the left lower zone, 6 patients had opacity in right mid zone. Only 10 patients had opacity in both lower zones. In this study overall mortality rate was 23%. If only one lobe was involved radiologically, mortality was 8.33%. If two or more lobes on one or both sides were involved, mortality was in the range of 25-91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chowdhury
- Dr Md Rashed Alam Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Bajitpur, Kishoregonj, Bangladesh
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