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Shichijo T, Yasunaga JI, Sato K, Nosaka K, Toyoda K, Watanabe M, Zhang W, Koyanagi Y, Murphy EL, Bruhn RL, Koh KR, Akari H, Ikeda T, Harris RS, Green PL, Matsuoka M. Vulnerability to APOBEC3G linked to the pathogenicity of deltaretroviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309925121. [PMID: 38502701 PMCID: PMC10990082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309925121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human retroviruses are derived from simian ones through cross-species transmission. These retroviruses are associated with little pathogenicity in their natural hosts, but in humans, HIV causes AIDS, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). We analyzed the proviral sequences of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) from Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and found that APOBEC3G (A3G) frequently generates G-to-A mutations in the HTLV-1 provirus, whereas such mutations are rare in the HTLV-2 and STLV-1 proviruses. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of how HTLV-2 is resistant to human A3G (hA3G). HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and STLV-1 encode the so-called antisense proteins, HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), Antisense protein of HTLV-2 (APH-2), and STLV-1 bZIP factor (SBZ), respectively. APH-2 efficiently inhibits the deaminase activity of both hA3G and simian A3G (sA3G). HBZ and SBZ strongly suppress sA3G activity but only weakly inhibit hA3G, suggesting that HTLV-1 is incompletely adapted to humans. Unexpectedly, hA3G augments the activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway by HBZ, and this activation is associated with ATL cell proliferation by up-regulating BATF3/IRF4 and MYC. In contrast, the combination of APH-2 and hA3G, or the combination of SBZ and sA3G, does not enhance the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Thus, HTLV-1 is vulnerable to hA3G but utilizes it to promote the proliferation of infected cells via the activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Antisense factors in each virus, differently adapted to control host cellular functions through A3G, seem to dictate the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Shichijo
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toyoda
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Edward L. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco94158
- Department of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco94105
| | | | - Ki-Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka545-0053, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi484-8506, Japan
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
- HHMI, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
- HHMI, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-8556, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
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Maki J, Hanaki Y, Yanagita RC, Kikumori M, Kovba A, Washizaki A, Tsukano C, Akari H, Irie K. Biological evaluation of a phosphate ester prodrug of 10-methyl-aplog-1, a simplified analog of aplysiatoxin, as a possible latency-reversing agent for HIV reactivation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1453-1461. [PMID: 37682524 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
10-Methyl-aplog-1 (10MA-1), a simplified analog of aplysiatoxin, exhibits a high binding affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes with minimal tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory activities. A recent study suggests that 10MA-1 could reactivate latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro for HIV eradication strategy. However, further in vivo studies were abandoned by a dose limit caused by the minimal water solubility of 10MA-1. To overcome this problem, we synthesized a phosphate ester of 10MA-1, 18-O-phospho-10-methyl-aplog-1 (phos-10MA-1), to improve water solubility for in vivo studies. The solubility, PKC binding affinity, and biological activity of phos-10MA-1 were examined in vitro, and the biological activity was comparable with 10MA-1. The pharmacokinetic studies in vivo were also examined, which suggest that further optimization for improving metabolic stability is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Maki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kikumori
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anastasiia Kovba
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Murata M, Kovba A, Kaneko A, Morimoto M, Ishigami A, Natsume T, Washizaki A, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Suzuki J, Akari H. Annual two-dose tetanus toxoid vaccination induces protective humoral immunity to all age groups of rhesus macaques. Exp Anim 2023; 72:490-495. [PMID: 37286479 PMCID: PMC10658093 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A tetanus outbreak occurred during 2014-2015 in the rhesus macaques reared in an open enclosure in our facility. As the soil of the facility was suspected to be contaminated with Clostridium tetani spores, there was a risk of further tetanus occurring among the macaques. To protect them from tetanus, a tetanus toxoid vaccination was recommended; however, the vaccinated elderly animals might not be effectively protected due to insufficient humoral immune responses. Hence, we evaluated the dynamics of antibody responses among rhesus macaques of all age groups vaccinated with two-dose tetanus toxoid at a 1-year interval during a 3-year follow-up study. The vaccination developed anti-tetanus toxin-specific antibodies in animals of all age groups, the antibody levels peaked 1 year after the second vaccination, and the peak levels decreased with age. However, the levels among elderly individuals (aged ≥13 years) were still higher than the threshold level, which was supposed to protect them from tetanus development. Although the rhesus macaques in our facility had a risk of occasional exposure to the spores due to the outbreak, no incidence of tetanus has ever occurred to date. These results indicate that the vaccination protocol is effective in protecting not only younger but also older animals from tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Murata
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Anastasiia Kovba
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akiyo Ishigami
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Natsume
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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Murayama A, Akari H, Kato T. Production and Purification of Cell Culture-generated Hepatitis B Virus by Transient Transfection and Density Gradient. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4779. [PMID: 37497458 PMCID: PMC10366991 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient cell culture system for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is indispensable for research on viral characteristics and antiviral agents. Currently, for HBV infection assays in cell culture, HBV genome-integrated cell line-derived viruses are commonly used. However, these viruses are not suitable for the evaluation of polymorphism-dependent viral characteristics or resistant mutations against anti-viral agents. To detect the infection of cell culture-generated HBV (HBVcc) by the transient transfection of the HBV molecular clone, a large amount of purified viruses is needed, because such viruses exhibit limited infection efficiencies in cell culture. Here, we describe how to generate and purify HBVcc by the transient transfection of HBV molecular clones. This system provides a powerful tool for studying the infection and propagation of HBV and for developing anti-viral agents against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Hasegawa A, Murata M, Fujikawa T, Katagiri K, Nagano Y, Masuda T, Kuramitsu M, Nakajima S, Fujisawa JI, Okuma K, Grover P, Kidiga M, Akari H, Kannagi M. Vaccination with short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs efficiently activated STLV-1-specific CTLs in naturally STLV-1-infected Japanese monkeys with impaired CTL responses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011104. [PMID: 36730466 PMCID: PMC9928132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3-4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hasegawa
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Murata
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoka Fujikawa
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Katagiri
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nagano
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Masuda
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Poonam Grover
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maureen Kidiga
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Kannagi
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kato T, Akari H. [Neutralization of hepatitis B virus with vaccine-escape mutations by novel hepatitis B vaccine with large-HBs antigen]. Uirusu 2023; 72:149-158. [PMID: 38220203 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Although the current hepatitis B (HB) vaccine comprising yeast-derived small hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is potent and safe and used worldwide, specific concerns should not be ignored, such as the attenuated prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with specific amino acid polymorphisms, called vaccine-escape mutations (VEMs). We investigated a novel HB vaccine consisting of large-HBsAg that covers the shortcomings of the current HB vaccine in a nonhuman primate model. The yeast-derived large-HBsAg was mixed with the adjuvant and used to immunize rhesus macaques, and the induction of antibodies to HBsAg was compared with that of the current HB vaccine. The current HB vaccine predominantly induced antibodies to small-HBsAg, whereas immunization with the large-HBsAg vaccine mainly induced antibodies to the preS1 region. Although the antibodies induced by the current HB vaccine could not prevent infection of HBV with VEMs, the large-HBsAg vaccine-induced antibodies neutralized infection of HBV with VEMs at levels similar to those of the wild type. The HBV genotypes that exhibited attenuated neutralization by induced antibodies differed between these vaccines. In conclusion, the novel HB vaccine consisting of large-HBsAg was revealed to be useful to compensate for shortcomings of the current HB vaccine. The combined use of these HB vaccines may be able to induce antibodies that can neutralize HBV strains with VEMs or multiple HBV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
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Ode H, Saito A, Washizaki A, Seki Y, Yoshida T, Harada S, Ishii H, Shioda T, Yasutomi Y, Matano T, Miura T, Akari H, Iwatani Y. Development of a novel Macaque-Tropic HIV-1 adapted to cynomolgus macaques. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36205476 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1mt) variants have been developed to establish preferable primate models that are advantageous in understanding HIV-1 infection pathogenesis and in assessing the preclinical efficacy of novel prevention/treatment strategies. We previously reported that a CXCR4-tropic HIV-1mt, MN4Rh-3, efficiently replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cynomolgus macaques homozygous for TRIMCyp (CMsTC). However, the CMsTC challenged with MN4Rh-3 displayed low viral loads during the acute infection phase and subsequently exhibited short-term viremia. These virological phenotypes in vivo differed from those observed in most HIV-1-infected people. Therefore, further development of the HIV-1mt variant was needed. In this study, we first reconstructed the MN4Rh-3 clone to produce a CCR5-tropic HIV-1mt, AS38. In addition, serial in vivo passages allowed us to produce a highly adapted AS38-derived virus that exhibits high viral loads (up to approximately 106 copies ml-1) during the acute infection phase and prolonged periods of persistent viremia (lasting approximately 16 weeks postinfection) upon infection of CMsTC. Whole-genome sequencing of the viral genomes demonstrated that the emergence of a unique 15-nt deletion within the vif gene was associated with in vivo adaptation. The deletion resulted in a significant increase in Vpr protein expression but did not affect Vif-mediated antagonism of antiretroviral APOBEC3s, suggesting that Vpr is important for HIV-1mt adaptation to CMsTC. In summary, we developed a novel CCR5-tropic HIV-1mt that can induce high peak viral loads and long-term viremia and exhibits increased Vpr expression in CMsTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Sato H, Murakami T, Matsuura R, Abe M, Matsuoka S, Yashiroda Y, Yoshida M, Akari H, Nagasawa Y, Takei M, Aida Y. A Novel Class of HIV-1 Inhibitors Targeting the Vpr-Induced G2-Arrest in Macrophages by New Yeast- and Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061321. [PMID: 35746791 PMCID: PMC9227106 DOI: 10.3390/v14061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein, Vpr, arrests the cell cycle of the G2 phase, and this Vpr-mediated G2 arrest is implicated in an efficient HIV-1 spread in monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we screened new candidates for Vpr-targeting HIV-1 inhibitors by using fission yeast- and mammalian cell-based high-throughput screening. First, fission yeast strains expressing the HIV-1 Vpr protein were generated and then treated for 48 h with 20 μM of a synthetic library, including 140,000 chemical compounds. We identified 268 compounds that recovered the growth of Vpr-overexpressing yeast. The selected compounds were then tested in mammalian cells, and those displaying high cytotoxicity were excluded from further cell cycle analysis and imaging-based screening. A flow cytometry analysis confirmed that seven compounds recovered from the Vpr-induced G2 arrest. The cell toxicity and inhibitory effect of HIV-1 replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were examined, and three independent structural compounds, VTD227, VTD232, and VTD263, were able to inhibit HIV-1 replication in MDM. Furthermore, we showed that VTD227, but not VTD232 and VTD263, can directly bind to Vpr. Our results indicate that three new compounds and their derivatives represent new drugs targeting HIV-1 replication and can be potentially used in clinics to improve the current antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (H.S.); (T.M.); (R.M.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Murakami
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (H.S.); (T.M.); (R.M.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (H.S.); (T.M.); (R.M.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (M.A.); (S.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Seiji Matsuoka
- Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (M.A.); (S.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (M.A.); (S.M.); (M.Y.)
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Nagasawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (H.S.); (T.M.); (R.M.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence:
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9
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Seki Y, Kitamura T, Tezuka K, Murata M, Akari H, Hamaguchi I, Okuma K. Cytolytic Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses Expressing STLV-1 Receptor Specifically Eliminate STLV-1 Env-Expressing Cells in an HTLV-1 Surrogate Model In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040740. [PMID: 35458470 PMCID: PMC9030509 DOI: 10.3390/v14040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes serious and intractable diseases in some carriers after infection. The elimination of infected cells is considered important to prevent this onset, but there are currently no means by which to accomplish this. We previously developed “virotherapy”, a therapeutic method that targets and kills HTLV-1-infected cells using a cytolytic recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV). Infection with rVSV expressing an HTLV-1 primary receptor elicits therapeutic effects on HTLV-1-infected envelope protein (Env)-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is closely related genetically to HTLV-1, and STLV-1-infected Japanese macaques (JMs) are considered a useful HTLV-1 surrogate, non-human primate model in vivo. Here, we performed an in vitro drug evaluation of rVSVs against STLV-1 as a preclinical study. We generated novel rVSVs encoding the STLV-1 primary receptor, simian glucose transporter 1 (JM GLUT1), with or without an AcGFP reporter gene. Our data demonstrate that these rVSVs specifically and efficiently infected/eliminated the STLV-1 Env-expressing cells in vitro. These results indicate that rVSVs carrying the STLV-1 receptor could be an excellent candidate for unique anti-STLV-1 virotherapy; therefore, such antivirals can now be applied to STLV-1-infected JMs to determine their therapeutic usefulness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Seki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
- Exotic Disease Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo 187-0022, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Megumi Murata
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan; (M.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan; (M.M.); (H.A.)
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-2381
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10
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Iwamoto Y, Seki Y, Taya K, Tanaka M, Iriguchi S, Miyake Y, Nakayama EE, Miura T, Shioda T, Akari H, Takaori-Kondo A, Kaneko S. Generation of macrophages with altered viral sensitivity from genome-edited rhesus macaque iPSCs to model human disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:262-273. [PMID: 33869654 PMCID: PMC8039773 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of their close biological similarity to humans, non-human primate (NHP) models are very useful for the development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based cell and regenerative organ transplantation therapies. However, knowledge on the establishment, differentiation, and genetic modification of NHP-iPSCs, especially rhesus macaque iPSCs, is limited. We succeeded in establishing iPSCs from the peripheral blood of rhesus macaques (Rh-iPSCs) by combining the Yamanaka reprograming factors and two inhibitors (GSK-3 inhibitor [CHIR 99021] and MEK1/2 inhibitor [PD0325901]) and differentiated the cells into functional macrophages through hematopoietic progenitor cells. To confirm feasibility of the Rh-iPSC-derived macrophages as a platform for bioassays to model diseases, we knocked out TRIM5 gene in Rh-iPSCs by CRISPR-Cas9, which is a species-specific HIV resistance factor. TRIM5 knockout (KO) iPSCs had the same differentiation potential to macrophages as did Rh-iPSCs, but the differentiated macrophages showed a gain of sensitivity to HIV infection in vitro. Our reprogramming, gene editing, and differentiation protocols used to obtain Rh-iPSC-derived macrophages can be applied to other gene mutations, expanding the number of NHP gene therapy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Iwamoto
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kahoru Taya
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iriguchi
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyake
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Development, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Izaki M, Yasunaga JI, Nosaka K, Sugata K, Utsunomiya H, Suehiro Y, Shichijo T, Yamada A, Sugawara Y, Hibi T, Inomata Y, Akari H, Melamed A, Bangham C, Matsuoka M. In vivo dynamics and adaptation of HTLV-1-infected clones under different clinical conditions. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009271. [PMID: 33524072 PMCID: PMC7877780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) spreads through cell contact. Therefore, this virus persists and propagates within the host by two routes: clonal proliferation of infected cells and de novo infection. The proliferation is influenced by the host immune responses and expression of viral genes. However, the detailed mechanisms that control clonal expansion of infected cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that newly infected clones were strongly suppressed, and then stable clones were selected, in a patient who was infected by live liver transplantation from a seropositive donor. Conversely, most HTLV-1+ clones persisted in patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from seropositive donors. To clarify the role of cell-mediated immunity in this clonal selection, we suppressed CD8+ or CD16+ cells in simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1)-infected Japanese macaques. Decreasing CD8+ T cells had marginal effects on proviral load (PVL). However, the clonality of infected cells changed after depletion of CD8+ T cells. Consistent with this, PVL at 24 hours in vitro culture increased, suggesting that infected cells with higher proliferative ability increased. Analyses of provirus in a patient who received Tax-peptide pulsed dendritic cells indicate that enhanced anti-Tax immunity did not result in a decreased PVL although it inhibited recurrence of ATL. We postulate that in vivo selection, due to the immune response, cytopathic effects of HTLV-1 and intrinsic attributes of infected cells, results in the emergence of clones of HTLV-1-infected T cells that proliferate with minimized HTLV-1 antigen expression. HTLV-1 spreads in vivo through two routes: de novo infection and clonal proliferation of infected cells. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors and integrase inhibitors do not influence the PVL in HTLV-1-infected individuals, indicating that clonal proliferation is dominant to maintain and increase PVL in vivo in the chronic phase. It is assumed that the host immune responses are critical factors for clonal proliferation. We found that HTLV-1-infected clones dramatically changed during de novo infection whereas the clones in the chronic phase survived long-term after transplantation, indicating that HTLV-1-infected clones are selected for survival in vivo. Surprisingly, depletion of CD8+ cells had a small impact on PVL in a STLV-1 infected Japanese macaque, but modified the clonality of infected cells. The cells after depletion of CD8+ cells showed a higher proliferative activity during short-term in vitro culture. This study reveals that intrinsic attributes of selected clones contribute to clonal proliferation of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Izaki
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shichijo
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Asami Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sugawara
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Inomata
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anat Melamed
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Bangham
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Murata M, Yasunaga JI, Washizaki A, Seki Y, Kuramitsu M, Tan WK, Hu A, Okuma K, Hamaguchi I, Mizukami T, Matsuoka M, Akari H. Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques. Retrovirology 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32576215 PMCID: PMC7310504 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is disseminated among various non-human primate species and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Notably, the prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques (JMs) is estimated to be > 60%, much greater than that in other non-human primates; however, the mechanism and mode of STLV-1 transmission remain unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiological background by which STLV-1 infection is highly prevalent in JMs. Results The prevalence of STLV-1 in the JMs rearing in our free-range facility reached up to 64% (180/280 JMs) with variation from 55 to 77% among five independent troops. Anti-STLV-1 antibody titers (ABTs) and STLV-1 proviral loads (PVLs) were normally distributed with mean values of 4076 and 0.62%, respectively, which were mostly comparable to those of HTLV-1-infected humans. Our initial hypothesis that some of the macaques might contribute to frequent horizontal STLV-1 transmission as viral super-spreaders was unlikely because of the absence of the macaques exhibiting abnormally high PVLs but poor ABTs. Rather, ABTs and PVLs were statistically correlated (p < 0.0001), indicating that the increasing PVLs led to the greater humoral immune response. Further analyses demonstrated that the STLV-1 prevalence as determined by detection of the proviral DNA was dramatically increased with age; 11%, 31%, and 58% at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, respectively, which was generally consistent with the result of seroprevalence and suggested the frequent incidence of mother-to-child transmission. Moreover, our longitudinal follow-up study indicated that 24 of 28 seronegative JMs during the periods from 2011 to 2012 converted to seropositive (86%) 4 years later; among them, the seroconversion rates of sexually matured (4 years of age and older) macaques and immature macaques (3 years of age and younger) at the beginning of study were comparably high (80% and 89%, respectively), suggesting the frequent incidence of horizontal transmission. Conclusions Together with the fact that almost all of the full-adult JMs older than 9 years old were infected with STLV-1, our results of this study demonstrated for the first time that frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in JMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Murata
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Wei Keat Tan
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Anna Hu
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan. .,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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13
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Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, MacIntosh AJJ, Kaneko A, Morimoto M, Suzuki J, Akari H, Okamoto M. Hematological and blood chemistry values in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata). J Med Primatol 2019; 48:338-350. [PMID: 31418873 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological information about captive Japanese macaques, including hematology and blood chemistry, is still lacking despite the fact that ethological and ecological data have accumulated during decades of field research. METHODS Hematological (511 examinations of 280 Japanese macaques) and blood chemistry data (between 33 and 284 examinations from between 29 and 257 individual macaques) in clinically healthy, simian retrovirus-free Japanese macaques tested between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Specific hematological and blood chemistry data for Japanese macaques without clinical signs of disease were provided in this study. Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for Japanese macaques. Some differences between Japanese macaques and other closely related macaque species were found. Some parameters varied according to macaque age and sex, as well as regional origin. The data in this study will provide useful clinical indices for Japanese macaques in captive and similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J J MacIntosh
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabh, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Juri Suzuki
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
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14
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Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Yokoyama M, Nomaguchi M, Kimura Y, Nishi M, Kimura H, Sato H, Hirano H, Tamura T, Akari H, Miura T, Adachi A, Sawasaki T, Yamamoto N, Ryo A. PIM kinases facilitate lentiviral evasion from SAMHD1 restriction via Vpx phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1844. [PMID: 31015445 PMCID: PMC6479052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses have evolved to acquire an auxiliary protein Vpx to counteract the intrinsic host restriction factor SAMHD1. Although Vpx is phosphorylated, it remains unclear whether such phosphorylation indeed regulates its activity toward SAMHD1. Here we identify the PIM family of serine/threonine protein kinases as the factors responsible for the phosphorylation of Vpx and the promotion of Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 counteraction. Integrated proteomics and subsequent functional analysis reveal that PIM family kinases, PIM1 and PIM3, phosphorylate HIV-2 Vpx at Ser13 and stabilize the interaction of Vpx with SAMHD1 thereby promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of SAMHD1. Inhibition of the PIM kinases promotes the antiviral activity of SAMHD1, ultimately reducing viral replication. Our results highlight a new mode of virus–host cell interaction in which host PIM kinases facilitate promotion of viral infectivity by counteracting the host antiviral system, and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy involving restoration of SAMHD1-mediated antiviral response. The accessory lentiviral protein X (Vpx) of the SIVsmm/mac and HIV-2 lineage targets the host-restriction factor SAMHD1 for proteasomal degradation. Here, the authors show that host PIM kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Vpx stabilizes its interaction with SAMHD1, suggesting PIM as potential antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Yamamoto
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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15
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Yokokawa H, Higashino A, Suzuki S, Moriyama M, Nakamura N, Suzuki T, Suzuki R, Ishii K, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ, Wakita T, Akari H, Kato T. Induction of humoural and cellular immunity by immunisation with HCV particle vaccine in a non-human primate model. Gut 2018; 67:372-379. [PMID: 27797937 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although HCV is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, there is currently no prophylactic vaccine for this virus. Thus, the development of an HCV vaccine that can induce both humoural and cellular immunity is urgently needed. To create an effective HCV vaccine, we evaluated neutralising antibody induction and cellular immune responses following the immunisation of a non-human primate model with cell culture-generated HCV (HCVcc). DESIGN To accomplish this, 10 common marmosets were immunised with purified, inactivated HCVcc in combination with two different adjuvants: the classically used aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and the recently established adjuvant: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) wrapped by schizophyllan (K3-SPG). RESULTS The coadministration of HCVcc with K3-SPG efficiently induced immune responses against HCV, as demonstrated by the production of antibodies with specific neutralising activity against chimaeric HCVcc with structural proteins from multiple HCV genotypes (1a, 1b, 2a and 3a). The induction of cellular immunity was also demonstrated by the production of interferon-γ mRNA in spleen cells following stimulation with the HCV core protein. These changes were not observed following immunisation with HCVcc/Alum preparation. No vaccination-related abnormalities were detected in any of the immunised animals. CONCLUSIONS The current preclinical study demonstrated that a vaccine included both HCVcc and K3-SPG induced humoural and cellular immunity in marmosets. Vaccination with this combination resulted in the production of antibodies exhibiting cross-neutralising activity against multiple HCV genotypes. Based on these findings, the vaccine created in this study represents a promising, potent and safe prophylactic option against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokokawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsunori Higashino
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Furuta R, Yasunaga JI, Miura M, Sugata K, Saito A, Akari H, Ueno T, Takenouchi N, Fujisawa JI, Koh KR, Higuchi Y, Mahgoub M, Shimizu M, Matsuda F, Melamed A, Bangham CR, Matsuoka M. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infects multiple lineage hematopoietic cells in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006722. [PMID: 29186194 PMCID: PMC5724899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects mainly CD4+CCR4+ effector/memory T cells in vivo. However, it remains unknown whether HTLV-1 preferentially infects these T cells or this virus converts infected precursor cells to specialized T cells. Expression of viral genes in vivo is critical to study viral replication and proliferation of infected cells. Therefore, we first analyzed viral gene expression in non-human primates naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1), whose virological attributes closely resemble those of HTLV-1. Although the tax transcript was detected only in certain tissues, Tax expression was much higher in the bone marrow, indicating the possibility of de novo infection. Furthermore, Tax expression of non-T cells was suspected in bone marrow. These data suggest that HTLV-1 infects hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. To explore the possibility that HTLV-1 infects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we analyzed integration sites of HTLV-1 provirus in various lineages of hematopoietic cells in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and a HTLV-1 carrier using the high-throughput sequencing method. Identical integration sites were detected in neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells, indicating that HTLV-1 infects HSCs in vivo. We also detected Tax protein in myeloperoxidase positive neutrophils. Furthermore, dendritic cells differentiated from HTLV-1 infected monocytes caused de novo infection to T cells, indicating that infected monocytes are implicated in viral spreading in vivo. Certain integration sites were re-detected in neutrophils from HAM/TSP patients at different time points, indicating that infected HSCs persist and differentiate in vivo. This study demonstrates that HTLV-1 infects HSCs, and infected stem cells differentiate into diverse cell lineages. These data indicate that infection of HSCs can contribute to the persistence and spread of HTLV-1 in vivo. HTLV-1 primarily infects peripheral CD4+CCR4+CADM1+ T cells in vivo. In this study, we show that HTLV-1 infects HSCs, which differentiate into multiple lineages of hematopoietic cells, and likely act as viral reservoir, giving rise to infected neutrophils, monocytes and B cells. Infected monocytes are thought to spread virus in vivo. Infected T cells in the periphery are chimeric in origin: T cells newly infected in the periphery, and infected T cells differentiated from infected HSCs. This observation suggests that viral genes such as HBZ and tax are responsible for converging the molecular differentiation program into a single direction with the characteristic immunophenotype associated with the expression of CCR4 and CADM1. It has been believed that HTLV-1 infects target cells in the periphery. However, this study reveals a new strategy of HTLV-1 spreading in vivo. These findings have implications for understanding of HTLV-1 pathogenesis as well as treatment of HTLV-1 associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Furuta
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michi Miura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aich, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aich, Japan.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Takenouchi
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujisawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ki-Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mohamed Mahgoub
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shimizu
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anat Melamed
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Bangham
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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17
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Nakashima M, Tsuzuki S, Awazu H, Hamano A, Okada A, Ode H, Maejima M, Hachiya A, Yokomaku Y, Watanabe N, Akari H, Iwatani Y. Mapping Region of Human Restriction Factor APOBEC3H Critical for Interaction with HIV-1 Vif. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1262-1276. [PMID: 28336404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The APOBEC3 (A3) family of cellular cytidine deaminases comprises seven members (A, B, C, D, F, G, and H) that potently inhibit retroviral replication. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif is a small pleiotropic protein that specifically inactivates these enzymes, targeting them for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. A3 Vif-interaction sites are presumed to fall into three distinct types: A3C/D/F, A3G, and A3H. To date, two types of A3G and A3C/D/F sites have been well characterized, whereas the A3H Vif-binding site remains poorly defined. Here, we explore the residues critical for the A3H-type Vif interaction. To avoid technical difficulties in performing experiments with human A3H haplotype II (hapII), which is relatively resistant to HIV-1 Vif, we employed its ortholog chimpanzee A3H (cA3H), which displays high Vif sensitivity, for a comparison of sensitivity with that of A3H hapII. The Vif susceptibility of A3H hapII-cA3H chimeras and their substitution mutants revealed a single residue at position 97 as a major determinant for the difference in their Vif sensitivities. We further surveyed critical residues by structure-guided mutagenesis using an A3H structural model and thus identified eight additional residues important for Vif sensitivity, which mapped to the α3 and α4 helices of A3H. Interestingly, this area is located on a surface adjacent to the A3G and A3C/D/F interfaces and is composed of negatively charged and hydrophobic patches. These findings suggest that HIV-1 Vif has evolved to utilize three dispersed surfaces for recognizing three types of interfaces on A3 proteins under certain structural constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nakashima
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Awazu
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Akiko Hamano
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Masami Maejima
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hachiya
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yokomaku
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 489-0965, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan; Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
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18
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Suzuki S, Mori KI, Higashino A, Iwasaki Y, Yasutomi Y, Maki N, Akari H. Persistent replication of a hepatitis C virus genotype 1b-based chimeric clone carrying E1, E2 and p6 regions from GB virus B in a New World monkey. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:26-34. [PMID: 26634303 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines is essential for the prevention of further HCV dissemination, especially in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study is to establish a feasible and immunocompetent surrogate animal model of HCV infection that will help in evaluation of the protective efficacy of newly developing HCV vaccine candidates. To circumvent the narrow host range of HCV, an HCV genotype 1b-based chimeric clone carrying E1, E2 and p6 regions from GB virus B (GBV-B), which is closely related to HCV, was generated. The chimera between HCV and GBV-B, named HCV/G, replicated more efficiently as compared with the HCV clone in primary marmoset hepatocytes. Furthermore, it was found that the chimera persistently replicated in a tamarin for more than 2 years after intrahepatic inoculation of the chimeric RNA. Although relatively low (<200 copies/mL), the viral RNA loads in plasma were detectable intermittently during the observation period. Of note, the chimeric RNA was found in the pellet fraction obtained by ultracentrifugation of the plasma at 73 weeks, indicating production of the chimeric virus. Our results will help establish a novel non-human primate model for HCV infection on the basis of the HCV/G chimera in the major framework of the HCV genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506
| | - Ken-Ichi Mori
- Advanced Life Science Institute, 2-10-23 Maruyamadai, Wako, Saitama 351-0112
| | - Atsunori Higashino
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506
| | - Yuki Iwasaki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843
| | - Noboru Maki
- Advanced Life Science Institute, 2-10-23 Maruyamadai, Wako, Saitama 351-0112
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506.,Laboratory of Evolutional Virology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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19
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Yoshida T, Takemoto H, Sakamaki T, Tokuyama N, Hart J, Hart T, Dupain J, Cobden A, Mulavwa M, Kawamoto Y, Kaneko A, Enomoto Y, Sato E, Kooriyama T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Suzuki J, Saito A, Okamoto M, Tomonaga M, Matsuzawa T, Furuichi T, Akari H. Epidemiological Surveillance of Lymphocryptovirus Infection in Wild Bonobos. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1262. [PMID: 27570523 PMCID: PMC4981747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocryptovirus (LCV) is one of the major gena in the herpesvirus family and is widely disseminated among primates. LCVs of human and rhesus macaques are shown to be causative agents of a number of malignant diseases including lymphoma and carcinoma. Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are highly endangered and the least studied species of the great apes. Considering the potential pathogenicity of the LCV that might threaten the fate of wild bonobos, population-based epidemiological information in terms of LCV prevalence in different location of Bonobo’s habitats will help propose improved conservation strategies for the bonobos. However, such data are not available yet because it is very difficult to collect blood samples in the wild and thus virtually impossible to conduct sero-epidemiological study on the wild ape. In order to overcome this issue, we focused on evaluating anti-LCV IgA in the feces of bonobos, which are available in a non-invasive manner. Preliminary study showed that anti-LCV IgA but not IgG was efficiently and reproducibly detected in the feces of captive chimpanzees. It is noteworthy that the fecal IgA-positive individuals were seropositive for both anti-LCV IgG and IgA and that the IgA antibodies in both sera and feces were also detectable by Western blotting assay. These results indicate that the detection of fecal anti-LCV IgA is likely a reliable and feasible for epidemiological surveillance of LCV prevalence in the great apes. We then applied this method and found that 31% of wild bonobos tested were positive for anti-LCV IgA antibody in the feces. Notably, the positivity rates varied extensively among their sampled populations. In conclusion, our results in this study demonstrate that LCV is highly disseminated among wild bonobos while the prevalence is remarkably diverse in their population-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Hart
- Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Terese Hart
- Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Jef Dupain
- African Wildlife Foundation Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Cobden
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Mbangi Mulavwa
- Research Center for Ecology and Forestry, Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research Mabali, Congo
| | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Enomoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Sato
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Kooriyama
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Juri Suzuki
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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20
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Sugata K, Yasunaga JI, Miura M, Akari H, Utsunomiya A, Nosaka K, Watanabe Y, Suzushima H, Koh KR, Nakagawa M, Kohara M, Matsuoka M. Enhancement of anti-STLV-1/HTLV-1 immune responses through multimodal effects of anti-CCR4 antibody. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27150. [PMID: 27250643 PMCID: PMC4890010 DOI: 10.1038/srep27150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia and inflammatory diseases. Because anti-HTLV-1 immune responses are critical for suppressing infected cells, enhancing cellular immunity is beneficial for the treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Using simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) infected Japanese macaques, we analyzed the immune responses to viral antigens and the dynamics of virus-infected cells. The chemokine receptor CCR4 is expressed on STLV-1 infected cells, and administration of humanized monoclonal antibody to CCR4, mogamulizumab, dramatically decreased the number of STLV-1-infected cells in vivo. Concurrently, mogamulizumab treatment enhanced STLV-1 specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses by simultaneously targeting CCR4+ effector regulatory T (Treg) cells and infected cells. Mogamulizumab promoted the phagocytosis of CCR4+ infected cells by macrophages, which likely enhanced antigen presentation. Vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing viral antigens suppressed the proviral load and the number of Tax-expressing cells. Enhanced T-cell responses were also observed in some ATL patients who were treated with mogamulizumab. This study shows that mogamulizumab works not only by killing CCR4+ infected cells directly, but also by enhancing T cell responses by increasing the phagocytosis of infected cells by antigen-presenting cells and suppressing CCR4+ effector Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugata
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michi Miura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Laboratory of Evolutional Virology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzushima
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ki-Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Yosano-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Sultana T, Nakayama EE, Tobita S, Yokoyama M, Seki Y, Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Akari H, Sato H, Shioda T. Novel mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with high degree of resistance to cynomolgus macaque TRIMCyp generated by random mutagenesis. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:963-976. [PMID: 26795727 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Old World monkey TRIM5α strongly suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. A fusion protein comprising cynomolgus macaque (CM) TRIM5 and cyclophilin A (CM TRIMCyp) also potently suppresses HIV-1 replication. However, CM TRIMCyp fails to suppress a mutant HIV-1 that encodes a mutant capsid protein containing a SIVmac239-derived loop between α-helices 4 and 5 (L4/5). There are seven amino acid differences between L4/5 of HIV-1 and SIVmac239. Here, we investigated the minimum numbers of amino acid substitutions that would allow HIV-1 to evade CM TRIMCyp-mediated suppression. We performed random PCR mutagenesis to construct a library of HIV-1 variants containing mutations in L4/5, and then we recovered replication-competent viruses from CD4+ MT4 cells that expressed high levels of CM TRIMCyp. CM TRIMCyp-resistant viruses were obtained after three rounds of selection in MT4 cells expressing CM TRIMCyp and these were found to contain four amino acid substitutions (H87R, A88G, P90D and P93A) in L4/5. We then confirmed that these substitutions were sufficient to confer CM TRIMCyp resistance to HIV-1. In a separate experiment using a similar method, we obtained novel CM TRIM5α-resistant HIV-1 strains after six rounds of selection and rescue. Analysis of these mutants revealed that V86A and G116E mutations in the capsid region conferred partial resistance to CM TRIM5α without substantial fitness cost when propagated in MT4 cells expressing CM TRIM5α. These results confirmed and further extended the previous notion that CM TRIMCyp and CM TRIM5α recognize the HIV-1 capsid in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Sultana
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tobita
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Center of Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center of Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center of Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.,Laboratory of Evolutional Virology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Nomura T, Yamamoto H, Ishii H, Akari H, Naruse TK, Kimura A, Matano T. Broadening of Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Is Indicative of Residual Viral Replication in Aviremic SIV Controllers. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005247. [PMID: 26536034 PMCID: PMC4633064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of HIV replication is a rare immunological event, providing clues to understand the viral control mechanism. CD8+ T-cell responses are crucial for virus control, but it is unclear whether lasting HIV containment can be achieved after establishment of infection. Here, we describe lasting SIV containment in a macaque AIDS model. Analysis of ten rhesus macaques that controlled viremia for 2 years post-infection found accumulation of proviral gag and nef CD8+ T-cell escape mutations in four of them. These four controllers mounted CD8+ T cells targeting Gag, Nef, and other viral proteins at 4 months, suggesting that broadening of CD8+ T-cell targets can be an indicator of the beginning of viral control failure. The remaining six aviremic SIV controllers, however, harbored proviruses without mutations and showed no or little broadening of their CD8+ T-cell responses in the chronic phase. Indeed, three of the latter six exhibiting no change in CD8+ T-cell targets showed gradual decreases in SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies, implying a concomitant reduction in viral replication. Thus, stability of the breadth of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses may represent a status of lasting HIV containment by CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T-cell responses are crucial for HIV control, but it is unclear whether lasting HIV containment can be achieved after establishment of infection. Several T cell-based vaccine trials have currently shown primary viremia control in macaque AIDS models of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but residual viral replication may occur, followed by accumulation of viral CD8+ T-cell escape mutations, possibly leading to eventual viremia rebound. In the present study, we analyzed ten rhesus macaques that controlled SIV replication without detectable viremia for more than 2 years. Animals were divided into two groups on the basis of proviral genome sequences at 2 years post-infection. Analysis of the first group exhibiting multiple CD8+ T-cell escape mutations indicated that broadening of CD8+ T-cell responses can be an indicator of the beginning of viral control failure. Conversely, analysis of the second group having no mutation suggested that stability of the breadth of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses represents a status of lasting HIV containment by CD8+ T cells. Thus, this study presents a model of stable SIV containment, contributing to elucidation of the requisites for lasting HIV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Nomura
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taeko K. Naruse
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Okamoto M, Miyazawa T, Morikawa S, Ono F, Nakamura S, Sato E, Yoshida T, Yoshikawa R, Sakai K, Mizutani T, Nagata N, Takano JI, Okabayashi S, Hamano M, Fujimoto K, Nakaya T, Iida T, Horii T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Watanabe A, Kaneko A, Saito A, Matsui A, Hayakawa T, Suzuki J, Akari H, Matsuzawa T, Hirai H. Emergence of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by SRV-4 after transmission to a novel host. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8850. [PMID: 25743183 PMCID: PMC4351523 DOI: 10.1038/srep08850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered a lethal hemorrhagic syndrome arising from severe thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques kept at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. Extensive investigation identified that simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4) was the causative agent of the disease. SRV-4 had previously been isolated only from cynomolgus macaques in which it is usually asymptomatic. We consider that the SRV-4 crossed the so-called species barrier between cynomolgus and Japanese macaques, leading to extremely severe acute symptoms in the latter. Infectious agents that cross the species barrier occasionally amplify in virulence, which is not observed in the original hosts. In such cases, the new hosts are usually distantly related to the original hosts. However, Japanese macaques are closely related to cynomolgus macaques, and can even hybridize when given the opportunity. This lethal outbreak of a novel pathogen in Japanese macaques highlights the need to modify our expectations about virulence with regards crossing species barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Okamoto
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ono
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Sato
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Takano
- 1] The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan [2] Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Sachi Okabayashi
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Masataka Hamano
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- 1] Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- 1] Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akino Watanabe
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsui
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hayakawa
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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24
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Fujie Y, Fusaki N, Katayama T, Hamasaki M, Soejima Y, Soga M, Ban H, Hasegawa M, Yamashita S, Kimura S, Suzuki S, Matsuzawa T, Akari H, Era T. New type of Sendai virus vector provides transgene-free iPS cells derived from chimpanzee blood. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113052. [PMID: 25479600 PMCID: PMC4257541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are potentially valuable cell sources for disease models and future therapeutic applications; however, inefficient generation and the presence of integrated transgenes remain as problems limiting their current use. Here, we developed a new Sendai virus vector, TS12KOS, which has improved efficiency, does not integrate into the cellular DNA, and can be easily eliminated. TS12KOS carries KLF4, OCT3/4, and SOX2 in a single vector and can easily generate iPSCs from human blood cells. Using TS12KOS, we established iPSC lines from chimpanzee blood, and used DNA array analysis to show that the global gene-expression pattern of chimpanzee iPSCs is similar to those of human embryonic stem cell and iPSC lines. These results demonstrated that our new vector is useful for generating iPSCs from the blood cells of both human and chimpanzee. In addition, the chimpanzee iPSCs are expected to facilitate unique studies into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Fujie
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Noemi Fusaki
- DNAVEC Corporation, 6 Ookubo, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 300-2611, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Katayama
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Makoto Hamasaki
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yumi Soejima
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Minami Soga
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ban
- DNAVEC Corporation, 6 Ookubo, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 300-2611, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hasegawa
- DNAVEC Corporation, 6 Ookubo, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 300-2611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigemi Kimura
- Department of Child Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Section of Comparative Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Section of Language and Intelligence, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Section of Comparative Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
- Laboratory of Evolutional Virology, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Shimoda H, Saito A, Noguchi K, Terada Y, Kuwata R, Akari H, Takasaki T, Maeda K. Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Primates 2014; 55:441-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-014-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Moi ML, Takasaki T, Omatsu T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Saijo M, Akari H, Kurane I. Demonstration of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate model for secondary dengue virus infection: high levels of viraemia and serotype cross-reactive antibody responses consistent with secondary infection of humans. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:591-600. [PMID: 24323638 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Primary infection with one does not confer protective immunity against the others. We have reported previously that the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a useful primary DENV infection model. It has been reported that secondary DENV infection with a heterotypic serotype induces viraemia kinetics and antibody responses that differ from those in primary infection. Thus, it is important to determine the utility of the marmoset as a model for secondary DENV infection. Marmosets were infected with heterologous DENV by secondary inoculation, and viraemia kinetics and antibody responses were analysed. The marmosets consistently developed high levels of viraemia after the secondary inoculation with heterologous DENV serotypes. IgM responses were lower compared with primary inoculation responses, whilst IgG responses were rapid and high. Neutralizing activities, which possessed serotype cross-reactive activities, were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation. In addition, infectious viraemia titres were higher when assayed with Fcγ receptor-expressing baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells than when assayed with conventional BHK cells, suggesting the presence of infectious virus-antibody immune complexes. After secondary infection with heterotypic DENV, the marmosets demonstrated viraemia kinetics, IgM and IgG responses, and high levels of serotype cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses, all of which were consistent with secondary DENV infection in humans. The results indicate the marmoset as a useful animal for studying secondary, as well as primary, DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Section of Comparative Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Miura M, Yasunaga JI, Tanabe J, Sugata K, Zhao T, Ma G, Miyazato P, Ohshima K, Kaneko A, Watanabe A, Saito A, Akari H, Matsuoka M. Characterization of simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 in naturally infected Japanese macaques as a model of HTLV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2013; 10:118. [PMID: 24156738 PMCID: PMC4016002 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes chronic infection leading to development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and inflammatory diseases. Non-human primates infected with simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) are considered to constitute a suitable animal model for HTLV-1 research. However, the function of the regulatory and accessory genes of STLV-1 has not been analyzed in detail. In this study, STLV-1 in naturally infected Japanese macaques was analyzed. Results We identified spliced transcripts of STLV-1 corresponding to HTLV-1 tax and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ). STLV-1 Tax activated the NFAT, AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways, whereas STLV-1 bZIP factor (SBZ) suppressed them. Conversely, SBZ enhanced TGF-β signaling and induced Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, STLV-1 Tax activated the canonical Wnt pathway while SBZ suppressed it. STLV-1 Tax enhanced the viral promoter activity while SBZ suppressed its activation. Then we addressed the clonal proliferation of STLV-1+ cells by massively sequencing the provirus integration sites. Some clones proliferated distinctively in monkeys with higher STLV-1 proviral loads. Notably, one of the monkeys surveyed in this study developed T-cell lymphoma in the brain; STLV-1 provirus was integrated in the lymphoma cell genome. When anti-CCR4 antibody, mogamulizumab, was administered into STLV-1-infected monkeys, the proviral load decreased dramatically within 2 weeks. We observed that some abundant clones recovered after discontinuation of mogamulizumab administration. Conclusions STLV-1 Tax and SBZ have functions similar to those of their counterparts in HTLV-1. This study demonstrates that Japanese macaques naturally infected with STLV-1 resemble HTLV-1 carriers and are a suitable model for the investigation of persistent HTLV-1 infection and asymptomatic HTLV-1 carrier state. Using these animals, we verified that mogamulizumab, which is currently used as a drug for relapsed ATL, is also effective in reducing the proviral load in asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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28
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Saito A, Akari H. Macaque-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1: breaking out of the host restriction factors. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:187. [PMID: 23847610 PMCID: PMC3705164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque monkeys serve as important animal models for understanding the pathogenesis of lentiviral infections. Since human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hardly replicates in macaque cells, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or chimeric viruses between HIV-1 and SIV (SHIV) have been used as challenge viruses in this research field. These viruses, however, are genetically distant from HIV-1. Therefore, in order to evaluate the efficacy of anti-HIV-1 drugs and vaccines in macaques, the development of a macaque-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1mt) having the ability to replicate efficiently in macaques has long been desired. Recent studies have demonstrated that host restriction factors, such as APOBEC3 family and TRIM5, impose a strong barrier against HIV-1 replication in macaque cells. By evading these restriction factors, others and we have succeeded in developing an HIV-1mt that is able to replicate in macaques. In this review, we have attempted to shed light on the role of host factors that affect the susceptibility of macaques to HIV-1mt infection, especially by focusing on TRIM5-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Inuyama, Japan ; Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention Chiyoda-ku, Japan
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29
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Moi ML, Omatsu T, Hirayama T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Yoshida T, Saito A, Tajima S, Ito M, Takasaki T, Akari H, Kurane I. Presence of Viral Genome in Urine and Development of Hematuria and Pathological Changes in Kidneys in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) after Inoculation with Dengue Virus. Pathogens 2013; 2:357-63. [PMID: 25437039 PMCID: PMC4235723 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) developed high levels of viremia, clinical signs including fever, weight loss, a decrease in activity and hematuria upon inoculation with dengue virus (DENV). Presence of DENV genome in urine samples and pathological changes in kidneys were examined in the present study. Levels of DENV genome were determined in 228 urine samples from 20 primary DENV-inoculated marmosets and in 56 urine samples from four secondary DENV-inoculated marmosets. DENV genome was detected in 75% (15/20) of marmosets after primary DENV infection. No DENV genome was detected in urine samples from the marmosets with secondary infection with homologous DENV (0%, 0/4). Two marmosets demonstrated hematuria. Pathological analysis of the kidneys demonstrated non-suppressive interstitial nephritis with renal tubular regeneration. DENV antigen-positive cells were detected in kidneys. In human dengue virus infections, some patients present renal symptoms. The results indicate that marmosets recapitulate some aspects of the involvement of kidneys in human DENV infection, and suggest that marmosets are potentially useful for the studies of the pathogenesis of DENV infection, including kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hirayama
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuko Katakai
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Mikako Ito
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Kono K, Iwatani Y, Yokoyama M, Yasutomi Y, Sato H, Shioda T, Sugiura W, Matano T, Adachi A, Nakayama EE, Akari H. TRIM5 genotypes in cynomolgus monkeys primarily influence inter-individual diversity in susceptibility to monkey-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1318-1324. [PMID: 23486671 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.050252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM5α restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in cynomolgus monkey (CM) cells. We previously reported that a TRIMCyp allele expressing TRIM5-cyclophilin A fusion protein was frequently found in CMs. Here, we examined the influence of TRIM5 gene variation on the susceptibility of CMs to a monkey-tropic HIV-1 derivative (HIV-1mt) and found that TRIMCyp homozygotes were highly susceptible to HIV-1mt not only in vitro but also in vivo. These results provide important insights into the inter-individual differences in susceptibility of macaques to HIV-1mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Kono
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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31
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Yoshida T, Omatsu T, Saito A, Katakai Y, Iwasaki Y, Kurosawa T, Hamano M, Higashino A, Nakamura S, Takasaki T, Yasutomi Y, Kurane I, Akari H. Dynamics of cellular immune responses in the acute phase of dengue virus infection. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1209-20. [PMID: 23381396 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the dynamics of cellular immune responses in the acute phase of dengue virus (DENV) infection in a marmoset model. Here, we found that DENV infection in marmosets greatly induced responses of CD4/CD8 central memory T and NKT cells. Interestingly, the strength of the immune response was greater in animals infected with a dengue fever strain than in those infected with a dengue hemorrhagic fever strain of DENV. In contrast, when animals were re-challenged with the same DENV strain used for primary infection, the neutralizing antibody induced appeared to play a critical role in sterilizing inhibition against viral replication, resulting in strong but delayed responses of CD4/CD8 central memory T and NKT cells. The results in this study may help to better understand the dynamics of cellular and humoral immune responses in the control of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.
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32
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Nomaguchi M, Yokoyama M, Kono K, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Saito A, Akari H, Yasutomi Y, Matano T, Sato H, Adachi A. Gag-CA Q110D mutation elicits TRIM5-independent enhancement of HIV-1mt replication in macaque cells. Microbes Infect 2012; 15:56-65. [PMID: 23123544 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 is strictly adapted to humans, and cause disease-inducing persistent infection only in humans. We have generated a series of macaque-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1mt) to establish non-human primate models for basic and clinical studies. HIV-1mt clones available to date grow poorly in macaque cells relative to SIVmac239. In this study, viral adaptive mutation in macaque cells, G114E in capsid (CA) helix 6 of HIV-1mt, that enhances viral replication was identified. Computer-assisted structural analysis predicted that another Q110D mutation in CA helix 6 would also increase viral growth potential. A new proviral construct MN4Rh-3 carrying CA-Q110D exhibited exquisitely enhanced growth property specifically in macaque cells. Susceptibility of MN4Rh-3 to macaque TRIM5α/TRIMCyp proteins was examined by their expression systems. HIV-1mt clones so far constructed already completely evaded TRIMCyp restriction, and further enhancement of TRIMCyp resistance by Q110D was not observed. In addition, Q110D did not contribute to evasion from TRIM5α restriction. However, the single-cycle infectivity of MN4Rh-3 in macaque cells was enhanced relative to the other HIV-1mt clones. Our results here indicate that CA-Q110D accelerates viral growth in macaque cells irrelevant to TRIM5 proteins restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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33
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Saito A, Kawamoto Y, Higashino A, Yoshida T, Ikoma T, Suzaki Y, Ami Y, Shioda T, Nakayama EE, Akari H. Allele frequency of antiretroviral host factor TRIMCyp in wild-caught cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Front Microbiol 2012; 3:314. [PMID: 22969754 PMCID: PMC3430983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study showed that the frequency of an antiretroviral factor TRIM5 gene-derived isoform, TRIMCyp, in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) varies widely according to the particular habitat examined. However, whether the findings actually reflect the prevalence of TRIMCyp in wild cynomolgus macaques is still uncertain because the previous data were obtained with captive monkeys in breeding and rearing facilities. Here, we characterized the TRIM5 gene in cynomolgus macaques captured in the wild, and found that the frequency of the TRIMCyp allele was comparable to those in captive monkeys. This suggests that the previous results with captive monkeys do indeed reflect the natural allele frequency and that breeding and rearing facilities may not affect the frequency of TRIM5 alleles. Interestingly, the prevalence of a minor haplotype of TRIMCyp in wild macaques from the Philippines was significantly lower than in captive ones, suggesting that it is advantageous for wild monkeys to possess the major haplotype of TRIMCyp. Overall, our results add to our understanding of the geographic and genetic prevalence of cynomolgus macaque TRIMCyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Inuyama, Japan
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34
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Kooriyama T, Okamoto M, Yoshida T, Nishida T, Tsubota T, Saito A, Tomonaga M, Matsuzawa T, Akari H, Nishimura H, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T. Epidemiological study of zoonoses derived from humans in captive chimpanzees. Primates 2012; 54:89-98. [PMID: 22890486 PMCID: PMC7087813 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-012-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in wildlife are major threats both to human health and to biodiversity conservation. An estimated 71.8 % of zoonotic EID events are caused by pathogens in wildlife and the incidence of such diseases is increasing significantly in humans. In addition, human diseases are starting to infect wildlife, especially non-human primates. The chimpanzee is an endangered species that is threatened by human activity such as deforestation, poaching, and human disease transmission. Recently, several respiratory disease outbreaks that are suspected of having been transmitted by humans have been reported in wild chimpanzees. Therefore, we need to study zoonotic pathogens that can threaten captive chimpanzees in primate research institutes. Serological surveillance is one of several methods used to reveal infection history. We examined serum from 14 captive chimpanzees in Japanese primate research institutes for antibodies against 62 human pathogens and 1 chimpanzee-borne infectious disease. Antibodies tested positive against 29 pathogens at high or low prevalence in the chimpanzees. These results suggest that the proportions of human-borne infections may reflect the chimpanzee’s history, management system in the institute, or regional epidemics. Furthermore, captive chimpanzees are highly susceptible to human pathogens, and their induced antibodies reveal not only their history of infection, but also the possibility of protection against human pathogens.
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35
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Omatsu T, Moi ML, Takasaki T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Tajima S, Ito M, Yoshida T, Saito A, Akari H, Kurane I. Changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) after inoculation with dengue virus. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:289-96. [PMID: 22775469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marmosets are susceptible to dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, blood parameter data and clinical signs of DENV-infected marmosets are limited. METHODS Blood hematological and serum biochemical values were obtained from twelve DENV-inoculated and four mock-infected marmosets. Additionally, body temperature and activity level were determined. RESULTS Five DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated thrombocytopenia, nine demonstrated leucopenia, and five demonstrated an increase in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and BUN. Additionally, seven DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated clinical signs including fever and decreases in activity. None of the four mock-inoculated marmosets demonstrated changes in either hematological or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Marmosets inoculated with DENV exhibited clinical signs and changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that blood parameter data and clinical signs could potentially be useful markers for understanding the progress of DENV infection in studies using marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Omatsu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Ohtani H, Naruse TK, Iwasaki Y, Akari H, Ishida T, Matano T, Kimura A. Lineage-specific evolution of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 gene in the primates. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:669-78. [PMID: 22710823 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain containing protein 1 (TIM1), also known as a cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus (HAVCR1) or a molecule induced by ischemic injury in the kidney (KIM1), is involved in the regulation of immune responses. We investigated a natural selection history of TIM1 by comparative sequencing analysis in 24 different primates. It was found that TIM1 had become a pseudogene in multiple lineages of the New World monkey. We also investigated T cell lines originated from four different New World monkey species and confirmed that TIM1 was not expressed at the mRNA level. On the other hand, there were ten amino acid sites in the Ig domain of TIM1 in the other primates, which were suggested to be under positive natural selection. In addition, mucin domain of TIM1 was highly polymorphic in the Old World monkeys, which might be under balanced selection. These data suggested that TIM1 underwent a lineage-specific evolutionary pathway in the primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohtani
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Takeuchi H, Ishii H, Kuwano T, Inagaki N, Akari H, Matano T. Host cell species-specific effect of cyclosporine A on simian immunodeficiency virus replication. Retrovirology 2012; 9:3. [PMID: 22225545 PMCID: PMC3311600 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An understanding of host cell factors that affect viral replication contributes to elucidation of the mechanism for determination of viral tropism. Cyclophilin A (CypA), a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), is a host factor essential for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human cells. However, the role of cyclophilins in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication has not been determined. In the present study, we examined the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA), a PPIase inhibitor, on SIV replication. Results SIV replication in human CEM-SS T cells was not inhibited but rather enhanced by treatment with CsA, which inhibited HIV-1 replication. CsA treatment of target human cells enhanced an early step of SIV replication. CypA overexpression enhanced the early phase of HIV-1 but not SIV replication, while CypA knock-down resulted in suppression of HIV-1 but not SIV replication in CEM-SS cells, partially explaining different sensitivities of HIV-1 and SIV replication to CsA treatment. In contrast, CsA treatment inhibited SIV replication in macaque T cells; CsA treatment of either virus producer or target cells resulted in suppression of SIV replication. SIV infection was enhanced by CypA overexpression in macaque target cells. Conclusions CsA treatment enhanced SIV replication in human T cells but abrogated SIV replication in macaque T cells, implying a host cell species-specific effect of CsA on SIV replication. Further analyses indicated a positive effect of CypA on SIV infection into macaque but not into human T cells. These results suggest possible contribution of CypA to the determination of SIV tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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38
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Iwasaki Y, Mori KI, Ishii K, Maki N, Iijima S, Yoshida T, Okabayashi S, Katakai Y, Lee YJ, Saito A, Fukai H, Kimura N, Ageyama N, Yoshizaki S, Suzuki T, Yasutomi Y, Miyamura T, Kannagi M, Akari H. Long-Term Persistent GBV-B Infection and Development of a Chronic and Progressive Hepatitis C-Like Disease in Marmosets. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:240. [PMID: 22319510 PMCID: PMC3267178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that infection of GB virus B (GBV-B), which is closely related to hepatitis C virus, develops acute self-resolving hepatitis in tamarins. In this study we sought to examine longitudinally the dynamics of viral and immunological status following GBV-B infection of marmosets and tamarins. Surprisingly, two of four marmosets but not tamarins experimentally challenged with GBV-B developed long-term chronic infection with fluctuated viremia, recurrent increase of alanine aminotransferase and plateaued titers of the antiviral antibodies, which was comparable to chronic hepatitis C in humans. Moreover, one of the chronically infected marmosets developed an acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis as revealed by biochemical, histological, and immunopathological analyses. Of note, periodical analyses of the viral genomes in these marmosets indicated frequent and selective non-synonymous mutations, suggesting efficient evasion of the virus from antiviral immune pressure. These results demonstrated for the first time that GBV-B could induce chronic hepatitis C-like disease in marmosets and that the outcome of the viral infection and disease progression may depend on the differences between species and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Iwasaki
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Tsukuba, Japan
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39
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Yoshida T, Omatsu T, Saito A, Katakai Y, Iwasaki Y, Iijima S, Kurosawa T, Hamano M, Nakamura S, Takasaki T, Yasutomi Y, Kurane I, Akari H. CD16(+) natural killer cells play a limited role against primary dengue virus infection in tamarins. Arch Virol 2011; 157:363-8. [PMID: 22139354 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD16 is a major molecule expressed on NK cells. To directly assess the role of natural killer (NK) cells in dengue virus (DENV) infection in vivo, CD16 antibody-treated tamarins were inoculated with a DENV-2 strain. This resulted in the transient depletion of CD16(+) NK cells, whereas no significant effects on the overall levels or kinetics of plasma viral loads and antiviral antibodies were observed in the treated monkeys when compared to control monkeys. It remains elusive whether the CD16(-) NK subpopulation could play an important role in the control of primary DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.
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40
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Saito A, Kono K, Nomaguchi M, Yasutomi Y, Adachi A, Shioda T, Akari H, Nakayama EE. Geographical, genetic and functional diversity of antiretroviral host factor TRIMCyp in cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). J Gen Virol 2011; 93:594-602. [PMID: 22113010 PMCID: PMC3352356 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.038075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiretroviral factor tripartite motif protein 5 (TRIM5) gene-derived isoform (TRIMCyp) has been found in at least three species of Old World monkey: rhesus (Macaca mulatta), pig-tailed (Macaca nemestrina) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques. Although the frequency of TRIMCyp has been well studied in rhesus and pig-tailed macaques, the frequency and prevalence of TRIMCyp in cynomolgus macaques remain to be definitively elucidated. Here, the geographical and genetic diversity of TRIM5α/TRIMCyp in cynomolgus macaques was studied in comparison with their anti-lentiviral activity. It was found that the frequency of TRIMCyp in a population in the Philippines was significantly higher than those in Indonesian and Malaysian populations. Major and minor haplotypes of cynomolgus macaque TRIMCyp with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cyclophilin A domain were also found. The functional significance of the polymorphism in TRIMCyp was examined, and it was demonstrated that the major haplotype of TRIMCyp suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but not HIV-2, whilst the minor haplotype of TRIMCyp suppressed HIV-2 but not HIV-1. The major haplotype of TRIMCyp did not restrict a monkey-tropic HIV-1 clone, NL-DT5R, which contains a capsid with the simian immunodeficiency virus-derived loop between α-helices 4 and 5 and the entire vif gene. These results indicate that polymorphisms of TRIMCyp affect its anti-lentiviral activity. Overall, the results of this study will help our understanding of the genetic background of cynomolgus macaque TRIMCyp, as well as the host factors composing species barriers of primate lentiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Ken Kono
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan.,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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41
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Saito Y, Naruse TK, Akari H, Matano T, Kimura A. Diversity of MHC class I haplotypes in cynomolgus macaques. Immunogenetics 2011; 64:131-41. [PMID: 21881951 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques are widely used as a primate model for human diseases associated with an immunological process. Because there are individual differences in immune responsiveness, which are controlled by the polymorphic nature of the major histocompatibility (MHC) locus, it is important to reveal the diversity of MHC in the model animal. In this study, we analyzed 26 cynomolgus macaques from five families for MHC class I genes. We identified 32 Mafa-A, 46 Mafa-B, 6 Mafa-I, and 3 Mafa-AG alleles in which 14, 20, 3, and 3 alleles were novel. There were 23 MHC class I haplotypes and each haplotype was composed of one to three Mafa-A alleles and one to five Mafa-B alleles. Family studies revealed that there were two haplotypes which contained two Mafa-A1 alleles. These observations demonstrated further the complexity of MHC class I locus in the Old World monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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42
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Omatsu T, Moi ML, Hirayama T, Takasaki T, Nakamura S, Tajima S, Ito M, Yoshida T, Saito A, Katakai Y, Akari H, Kurane I. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a primate model of dengue virus infection: development of high levels of viraemia and demonstration of protective immunity. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2272-2280. [PMID: 21697346 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.031229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of illnesses in humans: dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Animal models that constantly develop high levels of viraemia are required for the development of protective and preventive measures. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) demonstrated high levels of viraemia after inoculation with clinical isolates of four serotypes of DENV; in particular, over 10(6) genome copies ml(-1) after inoculation with DENV-2. Non-structural protein 1 and DENV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were consistently detected. The DENV-2 genome was detected in lymphoid organs including the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, and also in non-lymphoid organs. DENV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in the liver and spleen from inoculated marmosets. Four marmosets were reinoculated with DENV-2 at 33 weeks after primary inoculation with DENV-2. The DENV-2 genome was not detected in any of these marmosets, indicating protection from a secondary infection. The results indicate that common marmosets are highly sensitive to DENV infection, and suggest that marmosets could be a reliable primate model for the evaluation of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Omatsu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takanori Hirayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primate, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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43
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Ito M, Katakai Y, Ono F, Akari H, Mukai RZ, Takasaki T, Kotaki A, Kurane I. Serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses in cynomolgus monkeys after infection with multiple dengue virus serotypes. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1073-7. [PMID: 21409446 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody responses were examined in monkeys after dengue virus infections. In monkeys that had been infected once or twice with DENV-2, neutralizing antibody was cross-reactive with all four serotypes after secondary or tertiary infection with DENV-3. In monkeys that had been inoculated with DENV-1 and DENV-2 in the primary and secondary infections, neutralizing antibody titers did not increase after tertiary infection with DENV-3. These results indicate that antibody responses after secondary and tertiary infections with different serotypes are cross-reactive with all four serotypes, consistent with what has been observed in humans, and suggest that monkeys are useful for determining neutralizing antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ito
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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44
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Yoshida T, Saito A, Iwasaki Y, Iijima S, Kurosawa T, Katakai Y, Yasutomi Y, Reimann KA, Hayakawa T, Akari H. Characterization of natural killer cells in tamarins: a technical basis for studies of innate immunity. Front Microbiol 2010; 1:128. [PMID: 21713119 PMCID: PMC3112332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are capable of regulating viral infection without major histocompatibility complex restriction. Hepatitis C is caused by chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and impaired activity of NK cells may contribute to the control of the disease progression, although the involvement of NK cells in vivo remains to be proven. GB virus B (GBV-B), which is genetically most closely related to HCV, induces acute and chronic hepatitis upon experimental infection of tamarins. This non-human primate model seems likely to be useful for unveiling the roles of NK cells in vivo. Here we characterized the biological phenotypes of NK cells in tamarins and found that depletion of the CD16+ subset in vivo by administration of a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the number and activity of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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45
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Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Iijima S, Kuroishi A, Yoshida T, Lee YJ, Hayakawa T, Kono K, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Yasutomi Y, Adachi A, Matano T, Akari H. Improved capacity of a monkey-tropic HIV-1 derivative to replicate in cynomolgus monkeys with minimal modifications. Microbes Infect 2010; 13:58-64. [PMID: 20955815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hardly replicates in Old World monkeys. Recently, a mutant HIV-1 clone, NL-DT5R, in which a small part of gag and the entire vif gene are replaced with SIVmac239-derived ones, was shown to be able to replicate in pigtail monkeys but not in rhesus monkeys (RM). In the present study, we found that a modified monkey-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1mt), MN4-5S, acquired the ability to replicate efficiently in cynomolgus monkeys as compared with the NL-DT5R, while neither NL-DT5R nor MN4-5S replicated in RM cells. These results suggest that multiple determinants may be involved in the restriction of HIV-1 replication in macaques, depending on the species of macaques. The new HIV-1mt clone will be useful for studying molecular mechanisms by which anti-viral host factors regulate HIV-1 replication in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Miura T, Akari H, Goto Y, Haga T. Peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 double-positive T cells of rhesus macaques become vulnerable to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by in vitro stimulation due to the induction of CCR5. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1057-61. [PMID: 20224239 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) challenge of macaques demonstrated the earlier disappearance of CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells than CD4 single-positive T cells, although its mechanism remains unclear. Here we found that peripheral DP T cells were readily induced to express CCR5, a secondary receptor for SIV, by in vitro stimulation with either concanavalin A or anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies. Activated DP T cells were more vulnerable to SIV infection, indicating that the ability of DP T cells to readily express CCR5 after activation may hasten DP T cell death by SIV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Hassan R, Suzu S, Hiyoshi M, Takahashi-Makise N, Ueno T, Agatsuma T, Akari H, Komano J, Takebe Y, Motoyoshi K, Okada S. Dys-regulated activation of a Src tyroine kinase Hck at the Golgi disturbs N-glycosylation of a cytokine receptor Fms. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:458-68. [PMID: 19585521 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef accelerates the progression to AIDS by binding with and activating a Src kinase Hck, but underlying molecular basis is not understood. We revealed that Nef disturbed N-glycosylation/trafficking of a cytokine receptor Fms in an Hck-dependent manner, a possible trigger to worsen uncontrolled immune system. Here, we provide direct evidence that dys-regulated activation of Hck pre-localized to the Golgi apparatus causes this Fms maturation arrest. A striking change in Hck induced by Nef other than activation was its skewed localization to the Golgi due to predominant Golgi-localization of Nef. Studies with different Nef alleles and their mutants showed a clear correlation among higher Nef-Hck affinity, stronger Hck activation, severe Golgi-localization of Hck and severe Fms maturation arrest. Studies with a newly discovered Nef-Hck binding blocker 2c more clearly showed that skewed Golgi-localization of active Hck was indeed the cause of Fms maturation arrest. 2c blocked Nef-induced skewed Golgi-localization of an active form of Hck (Hck-P2A) and Fms maturation arrest by Nef/Hck-P2A, but showed no inhibition on Hck-P2A kinase activity. Our finding establishes an intriguing link between the pathogenesis of Nef and a newly emerging concept that the Golgi-localized Src kinases regulate the Golgi function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Hassan
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kuroishi A, Saito A, Shingai Y, Shioda T, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Akari H, Nakayama EE. Modification of a loop sequence between alpha-helices 6 and 7 of virus capsid (CA) protein in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) derivative that has simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239) vif and CA alpha-helices 4 and 5 loop improves replication in cynomolgus monkey cells. Retrovirology 2009; 6:70. [PMID: 19650891 PMCID: PMC2731049 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) productively infects only humans and chimpanzees but not cynomolgus or rhesus monkeys while simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from macaque (SIVmac) readily establishes infection in those monkeys. Several HIV-1 and SIVmac chimeric viruses have been constructed in order to develop an animal model for HIV-1 infection. Construction of an HIV-1 derivative which contains sequences of a SIVmac239 loop between α-helices 4 and 5 (L4/5) of capsid protein (CA) and the entire SIVmac239 vif gene was previously reported. Although this chimeric virus could grow in cynomolgus monkey cells, it did so much more slowly than did SIVmac. It was also reported that intrinsic TRIM5α restricts the post-entry step of HIV-1 replication in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cells, and we previously demonstrated that a single amino acid in a loop between α-helices 6 and 7 (L6/7) of HIV type 2 (HIV-2) CA determines the susceptibility of HIV-2 to cynomolgus monkey TRIM5α. Results In the study presented here, we replaced L6/7 of HIV-1 CA in addition to L4/5 and vif with the corresponding segments of SIVmac. The resultant HIV-1 derivatives showed enhanced replication capability in established T cell lines as well as in CD8+ cell-depleted primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus monkey. Compared with the wild type HIV-1 particles, the viral particles produced from a chimeric HIV-1 genome with those two SIVmac loops were less able to saturate the intrinsic restriction in rhesus monkey cells. Conclusion We have succeeded in making the replication of simian-tropic HIV-1 in cynomolgus monkey cells more efficient by introducing into HIV-1 the L6/7 CA loop from SIVmac. It would be of interest to determine whether HIV-1 derivatives with SIVmac CA L4/5 and L6/7 can establish infection of cynomolgus monkeys in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Kuroishi
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Iwasaki Y, Akari H, Murakami T, Kumakura S, Dewan MZ, Yanaka M, Yamamoto N. Efficient inhibition of SDF-1α-mediated chemotaxis and HIV-1 infection by novel CXCR4 antagonists. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:778-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
More than 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected by HCV, which is the causative agent of chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and finally liver cancer. Although animal models of viral hepatitis are a prerequisite for the evaluation of antiviral and vaccine efficacy, the restricted host range of HCV has hampered the development of a suitable small animal model of HCV infection. Use of the chimpanzee, the only animal known to be susceptible to HCV infection, is limited by ethical and financial restrictions. In this regard GBV-B, being closely related to HCV, appears to be a promising non-human surrogate model for the study of HCV infection. This review describes the characteristic of GBV-B infection of New World monkeys, and discusses current issues concerning the GBV-B model and its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Akari
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.
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