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Wyly S, Jinon N, Francis T, Evans H, Kao TL, Lambert S, Montgomery S, Newlove M, Mariscal H, Nguyen H, Cole H, Aispuro I, Robledo D, Tenaglia O, Weinberger N, Nguyen B, Waits H, Jorian D, Koch-Kreher L, Myrdal H, Antoniou V, Warrier M, Wunsch L, Arce I, Kirchner K, Campos E, Nguyen A, Rodriguez K, Cao L, Halmekangas A, Wilson RC. The psychophysiology of Mastermind: Characterizing response times and blinking in a high-stakes television game show. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14485. [PMID: 37966011 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Television game shows have proven to be a valuable resource for studying human behavior under conditions of high stress and high stakes. However, previous work has focused mostly on choices-ignoring much of the rich visual information that is available on screen. Here, we take a first step to extracting more of this information by investigating the response times and blinking of contestants in the BBC show Mastermind. In Mastermind, contestants answer rapid-fire quiz questions while a camera slowly zooms in on their faces. By labeling contestants' behavior and blinks from 25 episodes, we asked how accuracy, response times, and blinking varied over the course of the game. For accuracy and response times, we tested whether contestants responded more accurately and more slowly after an error-exhibiting the "post-error increase in accuracy" and "post-error slowing" which has been repeatedly observed in the lab. For blinking, we tested whether blink rates varied according to the cognitive demands of the game-decreasing during periods of cognitive load, such as when pondering a response, and increasing at event boundaries in the task, such as the start of a question. In contrast to the lab, evidence for post-error changes in accuracy and response time was weak, with only marginal effects observed. In line with the lab, blinking varied over the course of the game much as we predicted. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of extracting dynamic signals from game shows to study the psychophysiology of behavior in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler Wyly
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Neryanne Jinon
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy Francis
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hailey Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tsai Lieh Kao
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shelby Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shayne Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marvelene Newlove
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Haley Mariscal
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Harrison Cole
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Israel Aispuro
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniela Robledo
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Olivia Tenaglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nina Weinberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hailey Waits
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Daisy Jorian
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lucas Koch-Kreher
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hunter Myrdal
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Victoria Antoniou
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Meghana Warrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah Wunsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Iram Arce
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kayla Kirchner
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elena Campos
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - An Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lanqin Cao
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Avery Halmekangas
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Renedo M, Arce I, Montgomery K, Roda-Navarro P, Lee E, Kucherlapati R, Fernández-Ruiz E. A sequence-ready physical map of the region containing the human natural killer gene complex on chromosome 12p12.3-p13.2. Genomics 2000; 65:129-36. [PMID: 10783260 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a sequence-ready physical map of a part of human chromosome 12p12.3-p13.2 where the natural killer gene complex (NKC) is located. The NKC includes a cluster of genes with structure similar to that of the Ca(2+)-dependent lectin superfamily of glycoproteins that are expressed on the surface of most natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T cells. These killer cell lectin-like receptors (KLR) are involved in NK target cell recognition, leading to activation or inhibition of NK cell function. We used a number of sequence-tagged site (STS) markers from this region to screen two large insert bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and a bacteriophage P1-derived (PAC) chromosome library. The clones were assembled into contiguous sets by STS content analysis. The 72-BAC and 11-PAC contig covers nearly 2 Mb of DNA and provides an average marker resolution of 26 kb. We have precisely localized 17 genes, 5 expressed sequence tags, and 49 STSs within this contig. Of this total number of STS, 30 are newly developed by clone-end sequencing. We established the order of the genes as tel-M6PR-MAFAL (HGMW-approved symbol KLRG1)-A2M-PZP-A2MP-NKRP1A (HGMW-approved symbol KLRB1)-CD69-AICL (HGMW-approved symbol CLECSF2)-KLRF1-OLR1-CD94 (HGMW-approved symbol KLRD1)-NKG2D (HGMW-approved symbol D12S2489E)-PGFL-NKG2F (HGMW-approved symbol KLRC4)-NKG2E (HGMW-approved symbol KLRC3)-NKG2A (HGMW-approved symbol KLRC1)-LY49L (HGMW-approved symbol KLRA1)-cen. This map would facilitate the cloning of new KLR genes and the complete sequencing of this region.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- DNA Primers
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Tagged Sites
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renedo
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Roda-Navarro P, Arce I, Renedo M, Montgomery K, Kucherlapati R, Fernández-Ruiz E. Human KLRF1, a novel member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor gene family: molecular characterization, genomic structure, physical mapping to the NK gene complex and expression analysis. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:568-76. [PMID: 10671213 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200002)30:2<568::aid-immu568>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human NK gene complex localized on chromosome 12p12.3 - p13.2 codes for several lectin-like receptor genes expressed by NK cells as well as by other hematopoietic cells. In this study, by using the expressed sequence tag database we identified a novel receptor gene, designated as killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily F, member 1 (KLRF1), encoding a putative type II transmembrane glycoprotein. The KLRF1 gene has been localized on the high-resolution physical map of chromosome 12p. The genomic structure of the KLRF1 gene and the existence of one spliced variant are also described. KLRF1 was expressed at the mRNA level in peripheral blood leukocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes and NK and myeloid cell lines. The presence of two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory-like motifs within the cytoplasmic tail of KLRF1 suggests an inhibitory role in NK cell and monocyte activity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Cloning, Molecular
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins
- Lectins, C-Type
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Sequence Alignment
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roda-Navarro
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Renedo M, Arce I, Rodríguez A, Carretero M, Lanier LL, López-Botet M, Fernández-Ruiz E. The human natural killer gene complex is located on chromosome 12p12-p13. Immunogenetics 1997; 46:307-11. [PMID: 9218532 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells preferentially express several type II glycoproteins of the calcium-dependent lectin superfamily. The genes coding for these molecules are clustered on the distal mouse chromosome 6 and on the rat chromosome 4 in a region designated the NK gene complex. To date, no definite evidence of the presence of a NK gene complex has been found in humans. Here we report the assignment by fluorescence in situ hybridization of the CD94 gene to human chromosome 12p12-p13, in the same region where the CD69 and NKG2A genes had been previously mapped. In addition, using a yeast artificial chromosome contig spanning this region we determined that the human CD94, NKG2A, NKG2C, NKG2E, and NKR-P1A (NKR) genes map to the short arm of chromosome 12. The distal to proximal position of these loci are: NKR- CD69 - CD94/NKG2A/NKG2C/NKG2E. These data demonstrate the existence of a human NK gene complex located within a 5.6 cM interval flanked by the genetic markers D12S397 and D12S89. The physical distance spanned by the NK gene complex in humans ranges between 0.7 and 2.4 megabases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Rats
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renedo
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
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