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Eusterhues K, Thieme J, Narvekar S, Araki T, Kazemian M, Kaulich B, Regier T, Wang J, Lugmeier J, Höschen C, Mansfeldt T, Totsche KU. Importance of inner-sphere P-O-Fe bonds in natural and synthetic mineral-organic associations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167232. [PMID: 37734608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of organic molecules on mineral surfaces can occur through several binding mechanisms of varying strength. Here, we investigated the importance of inner-sphere P-O-Fe bonds in synthetic and natural mineral-organic associations. Natural organic matter such as water extracted soil organic matter (WESOM) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from liquid bacterial cultures were adsorbed to goethite and examined by FTIR spectroscopy and P K-edge NEXAFS spectroscopy. Natural particles from a Bg soil horizon (Gleysol) were subjected to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping, NanoSIMS imaging, and NEXAFS spectro-microscopy at the P K-edge. Inner-sphere P-O-Fe bonds were identified for both, adsorbed EPS extracts and adsorbed WESOMs. Characteristic infrared peaks for P-O-Fe stretching vibrations are present but cannot unambiguously be interpreted due to possible interferences with mono- and polysaccharides. For the Bg horizon, P was only found on Fe oxides, covering the entire surface at different concentrations, but not on clay minerals. Linear combination fitting of NEXAFS spectra indicates that this adsorbed P is mainly a mixture of orthophosphate and organic P compounds. By combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) images with STXM-generated C and Fe distribution maps, we show that the Fe oxide surfaces were fully coated with organic matter. In contrast, clay minerals revealed a much lower C signal. The C NEXAFS spectra taken on the Fe oxides had a substantial contribution of carboxylic C, aliphatic C, and O-alkyl C, which is a composition clearly different from pure adsorbed EPS or aromatic-rich lignin-derived compounds. Our data show that inner-sphere P-O-Fe bonds are important for the association of Fe oxides with soil organic matter. In the Bg horizon, carboxyl groups and orthophosphate compete with the organic P compounds for adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eusterhues
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- NSLS II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Sneha Narvekar
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Tohru Araki
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tom Regier
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Johann Lugmeier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Carmen Höschen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tim Mansfeldt
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Uwe Totsche
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Bliss SN, Berger K, Thieme J, Maldonado Cobos M, Nyman M. Removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol and β-estradiol using bench-scale constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol 2022; 85:3408-3418. [PMID: 35771054 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been devastated by the continued persistence of the synthetic estrogen compounds β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol. Common wastewater treatment methods do not reduce these compounds in effluent below problematic concentrations. An emerging cost-effective solution to this problem is the use of constructed wetlands to remove these estrogen compounds. This study analyzed the ability of duckweed (Lemna minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) to remove β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol through the use of bench-scale constructed wetlands over a 15-week period. Estrogen concentration in water was collected over time along with plant nutrient content, contaminant extractions, and media extractions. Results indicated that estrogen concentration was reduced by the plants and soil media. Duckweed was the most effective at 96% removal, followed by water hyacinth at 72% removal, then water cabbage at 35% removal, and lastly sediment media at 9% removal. This study provides evidence for the ability of constructed wetlands to be used as a means to remove estrogen compounds from wastewater and demonstrates differences in plants removal efficiencies, with duckweed being the most effective of the selected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Bliss
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - K Berger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - J Thieme
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - M Maldonado Cobos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - M Nyman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
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Abstract
A table-top near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy system consisting of a soft X-ray source and an integrated spectrometer with a significantly improved resolution is presented. The soft X-ray source is based on a long-term stable and nearly debris-free picosecond laser-induced plasma generated in a pulsed krypton gas jet target. Photon energies ranging from 250 to 1000 eV can be used for the absorption spectroscopy of thin samples. The newly designed spectrometer accomplishes a spectral resolution of E/ΔE = 1535 at 430 eV, being close to typical synchrotron setups. Moreover, a simultaneous multi-edge analysis is possible. The performance of the new system is demonstrated by investigating the fine structure of the K- and L-absorption edges of various elements (carbon, calcium, oxygen, iron, nickel, and copper) for different types of samples. An excellent agreement with synchrotron spectra is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Holburg
- Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Wild
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Eusterhues
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source II, 743 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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Jones ME, Nico PS, Ying S, Regier T, Thieme J, Keiluweit M. Manganese-Driven Carbon Oxidation at Oxic-Anoxic Interfaces. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12349-12357. [PMID: 30260632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of reactive manganese (Mn) species is emerging as a key regulator of carbon oxidation rates, and thus CO2 emissions, in soils and sediments. Many subsurface environments are characterized by steep oxygen gradients, forming oxic-anoxic interfaces that enable rapid redox cycling of Mn. Here, we examined the impact of Mn(II)aq oxidation along oxic-anoxic interfaces on carbon oxidation in soils using laboratory-based diffusion reactors. A combination of cyclic voltammetry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray microprobe imaging revealed a tight coupling between Mn(II)aq oxidation and carbon oxidation at the oxic-anoxic interface. Specifically, zones of Mn(II)aq oxidation across the oxic-anoxic transition also exhibited the greatest lignin oxidation potential, carbon solubilization, and oxidation. Microprobe imaging further revealed that the generation of Mn(III)-dominated precipitates coincided with carbon oxidation. Combined, our findings demonstrate that biotic Mn(II)aq oxidation, specifically the formation of Mn(III) species, contributes to carbon oxidation along oxic-anoxic interfaces in soils and sediments. Our results suggest that we should regard carbon oxidation not merely as a function of molecular composition, which insufficiently predicts rates, but in relation to microenvironments favoring the formation of critically important oxidants such as Mn(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris E Jones
- School of Earth & Sustainability and Stockbridge School of Agriculture , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Peter S Nico
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Samantha Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Tom Regier
- Canadian Synchrotron Lightsource , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Brookhaven , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- School of Earth & Sustainability and Stockbridge School of Agriculture , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Prietzel J, Müller S, Kögel-Knabner I, Thieme J, Jaye C, Fischer D. Comparison of soil organic carbon speciation using C NEXAFS and CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:906-918. [PMID: 29455140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared synchrotron-based C near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and CPMAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with respect to their precision and accuracy to quantify different organic carbon (OC) species in defined mixtures of soil organic matter source compounds. We also used both methods to quantify different OC species in organic surface horizons of a Histic Leptosol as well as in mineral topsoil and subsoil horizons of two soils with different parent material, stage of pedogenesis, and OC content (Cambisol: 15-30 OC mgg-1, Podzol: 0.9-7 OC mgg-1). CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy was more accurate and precise (mean recovery of different C functional groups 96-103%) than C NEXAFS spectroscopy (mean recovery 92-113%). For organic surface and topsoil samples, NMR spectroscopy consistently yielded larger O-alkyl C percentages and smaller alkyl C percentages than C NEXAFS spectroscopy. For the Cambisol subsoil samples both methods performed well and showed similar C speciation results. NEXAFS spectroscopy yielded excellent spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio also for OC-poor Podzol subsoil samples, whereas this was not the case for CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy even after sample treatment with HF. Our results confirm the analytical power of CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy for a reliable quantitative OC speciation in soils with >10mgOCg-1. Moreover, they highlight the potential of synchrotron-based C NEXAFS spectroscopy as fast, non-invasive method to semi-quantify different C functional groups in soils with low C content (0.9-10mgg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Prietzel
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Svenja Müller
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- NSLS II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Daniel Fischer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Aphrham S, Pan Q, Zaccarine SF, Felter KM, Thieme J, van den Nieuwenhuijzen KJH, Ten Elshof JE, Huijser A. Effect of Water Addition during Preparation on the Early-Time Photodynamics of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Layers. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3320-3324. [PMID: 29024345 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water addition during preparation of a CH3 NH3 PbI3 layer on the photodynamics is studied by femtosecond transient absorption. Both the regular perovskite and the aqueous analogue show charge thermalisation on a timescale of about 500 fs. This process is, however, less pronounced in the latter layer. The spectral feature associated with hot charges does not fully decay on this timescale, but also shows a long-lived (sub-ns) component. As water molecules may interfere with the hydrogen bonding between the CH3 NH3+ cations and the inorganic cage, this effect is possibly caused by immobilisation of cation motion, suggesting a key role of CH3 NH3+ dipole reorientation in charge thermalisation. This effect shows the possibility of controlling hot charge carrier cooling to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aphrham
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Q Pan
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S F Zaccarine
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K M Felter
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Thieme
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - J E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Huijser
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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7
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Werner F, Mueller CW, Thieme J, Gianoncelli A, Rivard C, Höschen C, Prietzel J. Micro-scale heterogeneity of soil phosphorus depends on soil substrate and depth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3203. [PMID: 28600571 PMCID: PMC5466645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soils comprise various heterogeneously distributed pools of lithogenic, free organic, occluded, adsorbed, and precipitated phosphorus (P) forms, which differ depending on soil forming factors. Small-scale heterogeneity of element distributions recently has received increased attention in soil science due to its influence on soil functions and soil fertility. We investigated the micro-scale distribution of total P and different specific P binding forms in aggregates taken from a high-P clay-rich soil and a low-P sandy soil by combining advanced spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques to introduce new insights on P accessibility and availability in soils. Here we show that soil substrate and soil depth determine micro-scale P heterogeneity in soil aggregates. In P-rich areas of all investigated soil aggregates, P was predominantly co-located with aluminium and iron oxides and hydroxides, which are known to strongly adsorb P. Clay minerals were co-located with P only to a lesser extent. In the low-P topsoil aggregate, the majority of the P was bound organically. Aluminium and iron phosphate predominated in the quartz-rich low-P subsoil aggregate. Sorbed and mineral P phases determined P speciation in the high-P top- and subsoil, and apatite was only detected in the high-P subsoil aggregate. Our results indicate that micro-scale spatial and chemical heterogeneity of P influences P accessibility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Werner
- Technical University of Munich, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair of Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Technical University of Munich, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair of Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 743 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Camille Rivard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmen Höschen
- Technical University of Munich, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair of Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Prietzel
- Technical University of Munich, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair of Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Gregoire P, Engelbrektson A, Hubbard CG, Metlagel Z, Csencsits R, Auer M, Conrad ME, Thieme J, Northrup P, Coates JD. Control of sulfidogenesis through bio-oxidation of H2S coupled to (per)chlorate reduction. Environ Microbiol Rep 2014; 6:558-564. [PMID: 25756108 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated H2S attenuation by dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB). All DPRB tested oxidized H2S coupled to (per)chlorate reduction without sustaining growth. H2S was preferentially utilized over organic electron donors resulting in an enriched (34S)-elemental sulfur product. Electron microscopy revealed elemental sulfur production in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface of the DPRB Azospira suillum. Based on our results, we propose a novel hybrid enzymatic-abiotic mechanism for H2S oxidation similar to that recently proposed for nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. The results of this study have implications for the control of biosouring and biocorrosion in a range of industrial environments.
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De Andrade V, Ganne J, Dubacq B, Ryan CG, Bourdelle F, Plunder A, Falkenberg G, Thieme J. Retrieving past geodynamic events by unlocking rock archives with μ-XRF and μ-spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/499/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Thieme J, Kilcoyne D, Tyliszczak T, Haselwandter K. Spatially resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy of siderophores in biological matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/463/1/012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu X, Eusterhues K, Thieme J, Ciobota V, Höschen C, Mueller CW, Küsel K, Kögel-Knabner I, Rösch P, Popp J, Totsche KU. STXM and NanoSIMS investigations on EPS fractions before and after adsorption to goethite. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:3158-3166. [PMID: 23451805 DOI: 10.1021/es3039505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are expected to be an important source for the formation of mineral-organic associations in soil. Because such formations affect the composition of mobile and immobile organic matter as well as the reactivity of minerals, we investigated the composition of EPS before and after adsorption to goethite. Raman measurements on EPS extracted from Bacillus subtilis distinguished four fractions rich in proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or lipids and proteins. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy identified three different EPS-fractions that varied in their composition in proteins, nonaromatic proteins, and polysaccharides. Reaction of EPS with goethite led to a preferential adsorption of lipids and proteins. The organic coverage was heterogeneous, consisting of ~100 × 200 nm large patches of either lipid-rich or protein-rich material. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry showed a strong S enrichment in aggregates of ~400 nm in the goethite adsorbed EPS. From our simplified model system, we learned that only a small portion (<10%) of EPS was immobilized via adsorption to goethite. This fraction formed a coating of subμm spaced protein-rich and lipid-rich domains, i.e., of two materials which will strongly differ in their reactive sites. This will finally affect further adsorption, the particle mobility and eventually also colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
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Sedlmair J, Gleber SC, Mert SÖ, Bertilson M, von Hofsten O, Thieme J, Pfohl T. Imaging of vascular smooth muscle cells with soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Microsc Microanal 2011; 17:991-1001. [PMID: 22067812 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using X-ray microscopy and spectromicroscopy, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were imaged, prepared without using additional embedding material or staining, but by applying simple, noncryo fixation techniques. The cells were imaged with a compact source transmission X-ray microscope and a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM). With the STXM, spectromicroscopy was performed at the C K-edge and the Ca L(III,II)-edges. VSMCs were chosen because of their high amount of actin stress fibers, so that the actin cytoskeleton should be visible. Other parts of the cell, such as the nucleus and organelles, were also identified from the micrographs. Both in the spectra and the images, the effects of the different preparation procedures were observable. Furthermore, Ca hotspots were detected and their density is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sedlmair
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Pl. 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Prietzel J, Botzaki A, Tyufekchieva N, Brettholle M, Thieme J, Klysubun W. Sulfur speciation in soil by S K-Edge XANES spectroscopy: comparison of spectral deconvolution and linear combination fitting. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:2878-2886. [PMID: 21405114 DOI: 10.1021/es102180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Defined, quartz-diluted mixtures of sulfur (S) compounds with different oxidation state (OS) were analyzed by K-edge XANES spectroscopy using linear combination fitting (LCF) and spectrum deconvolution by fitting several Gaussian and arctangent functions (GCF). Additionally, for different soils the S speciation as calculated by both methods was compared with results of a wet-chemical S speciation. For mixtures of FeS, L-cysteine, and Na2SO4, the S speciation was recovered with satisfactory accuracy and precision by both methods at the 2 and 0.2 mg S g(-1) level. For GCF, white-line peaks must be normalized with respect to their OS-specific absorption cross-section. LCF must be conducted with dilute reference compounds to avoid self-absorption effects. For mixtures of FeS, FeS2, S°, and L-cysteine, both procedures showed poor accuracy. For the soils, similar percentages of reduced inorganic S, organic S, and sulfate were calculated by LCF, GCF, and wet chemical S speciation. GCF allows a fair estimation of S species groups with different OS (inorganic reduced S, organic reduced S, organic intermediate S, oxidized S) in soils without standards. If dilute standards of all S compounds assumed to be present in a sample are available, LCF is more objective and allows a more detailed S speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Prietzel
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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Thieme J, Guttmann P, Niemeyer J, Schneider G, David C, Niemann B, Rudolph D, Schmahl G. Röntgenmikroskopie zur Untersuchung von wäßrigen biologischen und kolloidchemischen Systemen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.19920400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prietzel J, Thieme J, Salomé M. Assessment of sulfur and iron speciation in a soil aggregate by combined S and Fe micro-XANES: microspatial patterns and relationships. J Synchrotron Radiat 2010; 17:166-172. [PMID: 20157267 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509049917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To test whether synchrotron-based spectromicroscopy can be used to identify spatial patterns of sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) speciation as well as relationships between the speciation of S and Fe in soil colloids or aggregates at the micrometre and sub-micrometre level, an anoxically prepared dissected soil aggregate (size approximately 1 mm(3)) was analyzed by micro-XANES at the K-edges of S (2472 eV) and Fe (7112 eV). The experiment included (i) elemental mapping at the S K-edge (S, Si, Al) and the Fe K-edge (Fe, Si), (ii) acquisition of 300 microm x 300 microm images of the region of interest with X-ray energies of 2474 eV (addressing reduced organic and inorganic S), 2483 eV (total S), 7121 eV (divalent Fe) and 7200 eV (total Fe), as well as (iii) acquisition of S and Fe micro-XANES spectra at two different positions, where image analysis suggested the dominance of reduced and oxidized S and Fe, respectively. Image analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of total Si, S and Fe as well as of different S and Fe species in the aggregate. Microregions which were either enriched in reduced or in oxidized S and Fe could be identified. A microregion with a large contribution of oxidized S (sulfate, sulfonate) to total S contained exclusively Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (probably ferrihydrite) as S-bearing phase, whereas another microregion with a large contribution of reduced organic S (thiol, organic disulfide) to total S contained a small amount of Fe(II)-bearing silicate in addition to the dominating Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Our results show that combined S and Fe micro-XANES is a powerful tool for studying microscale spatial patterns of S and Fe speciation as well as microscale relationships between the speciation of S and Fe in soil aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Prietzel
- Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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Thieme J, Sedlmair J, Gleber SC, Prietzel J, Coates J, Eusterhues K, Abbt-Braun G, Salome M. X-ray spectromicroscopy in soil and environmental sciences. J Synchrotron Radiat 2010; 17:149-157. [PMID: 20157265 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509049905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
X-ray microscopy is capable of imaging particles in the nanometer size range directly with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and can be combined with high spectral resolution for spectromicroscopy studies. Two types of microscopes are common in X-ray microscopy: the transmission X-ray microscope and the scanning transmission X-ray microscope; their set-ups are explained in this paper. While the former takes high-resolution images from an object with exposure times of seconds or faster, the latter is very well suited as an analytical instrument for spectromicroscopy. The morphology of clusters or particles from soil and sediment samples has been visualized using a transmission X-ray microscope. Images are shown from a cryo-tomography experiment based on X-ray microscopy images to obtain information about the three-dimensional structure of clusters of humic substances. The analysis of a stack of images taken with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope to combine morphology and chemistry within a soil sample is shown. X-ray fluorescence is a method ideally applicable to the study of elemental distributions and binding states of elements even on a trace level using X-ray energies above 1 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thieme
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II Project, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Abstract
The combination of high-resolution chemically sensitive soft X-ray microscopy with stereo imaging and processing techniques presented here forms a novel tool for the investigation of aqueous colloidal systems. Information about the spatial distribution within the sample is provided with small calculation effort processing just a pair of stereo micrographs. Thus, the extension towards investigation of dynamical behaviour is possible on the part of the experiment as well as of the processing. The potential of this technique is demonstrated with applications in aqueous soil and clay samples. Within these samples, haematite particles are identified taking advantage of the elemental contrast at the Fe-L edge around E= 707 eV. In combination with stereo microscopy, information about spatial arrangements are revealed and correlated to electrostatic interactions of the different mixtures, addressing to an actual question of soil scientists. The technique allows in-situ sample manipulation, which is demonstrated by a test specimen where particles were added during imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Gleber
- Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August-University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Gleber SC, Sedlmair J, Bertilson M, Hofsten OV, Heim S, Guttmann P, Hertz HM, Fischer P, Thieme J. X-ray stereo microscopy for investigation of dynamics in soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Peth C, Barkusky F, Sedlmair J, Gleber SC, Novakova E, Niemeyer J, Thieme J, Salditt T, Mann K. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements using a laser plasma XUV source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hertz HM, Bertilson M, Chubarova E, Ewald J, Gleber SC, Hemberg O, Henriksson M, Hofsten OV, Holmberg A, Lindblom M, Mudry E, Otendal M, Reinspach J, Schlie M, Skoglund P, Takman P, Thieme J, Sedlmair J, Tjörnhammar R, Tuohimaa T, Vita M, Vogt U. Laboratory x-ray micro imaging: Sources, optics, systems and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bertilson M, Hofsten OV, Thieme J, Lindblom M, Holmberg A, Takman P, Vogt U, Hertz H. First application experiments with the Stockholm compact soft x-ray microscope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Siéliéchi JM, Lartiges BS, Kayem GJ, Hupont S, Frochot C, Thieme J, Ghanbaja J, d'Espinose de la Caillerie JB, Barrès O, Kamga R, Levitz P, Michot LJ. Changes in humic acid conformation during coagulation with ferric chloride: implications for drinking water treatment. Water Res 2008; 42:2111-2123. [PMID: 18155268 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic mobility, pyrene fluorescence, surface tension measurements, transmission electron microscopy on resin-embedded samples, and X-ray microscopy (XRM) were combined to characterize the aggregates formed from humic colloids and hydrolyzed-Fe species under various conditions of pH and mixing. We show that, at low coagulant concentration, the anionic humic network is reorganized upon association with cationic coagulant species to yield more compact structures. In particular, spheroids about 80nm in size are evidenced by XRM at pH 6 and 8 just below the optimal coagulant concentration. Such reorganization of humic colloids does not yield surface-active species, and maintains negative functional groups on the outside of humic/hydrolyzed-Fe complex. We also observe that the humic network remains unaffected by the association with coagulant species up to the restabilization concentration. Upon increasing the coagulant concentration, restructuration becomes limited: indeed, the aggregation of humic acid with hydrolyzed-Fe species can be ascribed to a competition between humic network reconformation rate and collision rate of destabilized colloids. A decrease in stirring favors the shrinkage of humic/hydrolyzed-Fe complexes, which then yields a lower sediment volume. Elemental analyses also reveal that the iron coagulant species are poorly hydrolyzed in the destabilization range. This suggests that destabilization mechanisms such as sweep flocculation or adsorption onto a hydroxyde precipitate are not relevant to our case. A neutralization/complexation destabilization mechanism accompanied by a restructuration of flexible humic network is then proposed to occur in the range of pHs investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Siéliéchi
- LEM-ENSG/INPL-CNRS, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
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Mitrea G, Thieme J, Guttmann P, Heim S, Gleber S. X-ray spectromicroscopy with the scanning transmission X-ray microscope at BESSY II. J Synchrotron Radiat 2008; 15:26-35. [PMID: 18097075 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049507047966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the scanning transmission X-ray microscope at BESSY II, colloidal structures from a Chernozem soil have been studied with a spatial resolution around 60 nm and a spectral resolution of 1,700 at the K-absorption edge of carbon. Elemental mapping has been used to determine the distribution of organic matter within the colloidal structures. Spectra have been extracted from image stacks to obtain information about the chemical state. For the analysis of the latter, principal component analysis and cluster analysis have been applied. It was possible, for example, to discriminate clay particles against organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mitrea
- Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Thieme
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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Rieger J, Frechen T, Cox G, Heckmann W, Schmidt C, Thieme J. Precursor structures in the crystallization/precipitation processes of CaCO3 and control of particle formation by polyelectrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2007; 136:265-77; discussion 309-28. [DOI: 10.1039/b701450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Glisović A, Thieme J, Guttmann P, Salditt T. Transmission X-ray microscopy of spider dragline silk. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:87-95. [PMID: 16889826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the structure of spider silk fibers from two different Nephila species and three different Araneus species by transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Single fibers and double fibers have been imaged. All images are in agreement with a homogenous density on length scales between the fiber diameter and the resolution of the instrument, which is about 25 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Glisović
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Visualization of the spatial arrangement of bacteria and other colloids permits to describe relevant soil parameters like porosity or nutrient storage capacity. Major advantages of X-ray microscopy for these investigations are the much higher spatial resolution compared to visible light microscopy and its ability to study colloidal structures directly in aqueous media. To obtain information about the three-dimensional structure of the microhabitats formed by bacteria and other soil colloids, tomography based on X-ray microscopy images with about 45 nm resolution was performed. Tomographic reconstructions presented in this paper clearly reveal the spatial arrangement of bacteria and other soil colloids which cannot be obtained from two-dimensional projections. The results show that X-ray nanotomography is a very powerful tool for examining the three-dimensional structure of flocs of colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Thieme
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Pranzas PK, Willumeit R, Gehrke R, Thieme J, Knöchel A. Characterisation of structure and aggregation processes of aquatic humic substances using small-angle scattering and X-ray microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 376:618-25. [PMID: 12768266 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2003] [Revised: 04/08/2003] [Accepted: 04/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic humic substances (HS), an important part of the dissolved organic carbon in freshwater systems, are polyfunctional natural compounds with polydisperse structure showing strong aggregation/coagulation behaviour at high HS concentrations and in the presence of metal ions. In this study, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray microscopy (XRM) were applied to characterise the structure and aggregation processes of HS in solution. In SAXS and XRM the high brilliant synchrotron radiation was used as X-ray source. Applying small-angle scattering, information about the size distribution and shape of aquatic HS was obtained. Spherical HS units were found which were stable in a wide concentration range in a kind of "monomeric" state almost independent of pH and ionic strength. At higher concentrations they formed chain-like agglomerates or disordered HS structures. In studies on the coagulation behaviour of HS after addition of copper ions, a linear relationship between Cu(2+) concentration and the formation of large disordered HS-Cu(2+) agglomerates was obtained. By using X-ray microscopy, single "huge" particles were found in older solutions and in solutions with high HS concentrations. Over a threshold Cu(2+) concentration of approx. 300 mg/L, the formation of an extensive HS-Cu(2+) network structure was observed within a few minutes. The presented structures show the ability of the methods used to characterise processes between diluted phase and suspended matter, which play an important role particularly in the region of phase interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klaus Pranzas
- GKSS Research Centre, Inst. for Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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Kaulich B, Susini J, David C, Di Fabrizio E, Morrison GR, Thieme J, Wilhein T, Kovac J, Bacescu D, Salome M, Dhez O, Weitkamp T, Cabrini S, Gosperini A, Charalambous P, Vogt U, Podnar M, Kiskinova M. TwinMic: Combined scanning and full‐field imaging microscopy with novel contrast mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/08940880308603022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmahl G, Rudolph D, Niemann B, Guttmann P, Thieme J, Wiesemann U, Schneider G, Eimuller T, Fischer P, Schutz G. X‐ray microscopy at BESSY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/08940880308603015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wiesemann U, Thieme J, Guttmann P, Früke R, Rehbein S, Niemann B, Rudolph D, Schmahl G. First results of the new scanning transmission X-ray microscope at BESSY-II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:200300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kaulich B, Bacescu D, Cocco D, Susini J, Salomé M, Dhez O, David C, Weitkamp T, Di Fabrizio E, Cabrini S, Morrison G, Charalambous P, Thieme J, Wilhein T, Kovac J, Podnar M, Kiskinova M. Twinmic: A European twin microscope station combining full-field imaging and scanning microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:200300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schmahl G, Rudolph D, Niemann B, Guttmann P, Thieme J, Schneider G. [X-ray microscopy]. Naturwissenschaften 1996; 83:61-70. [PMID: 8668229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the short wavelengths of X-radiation X-ray microscopes allow higher resolution than optical microscopes. In contrast to electron microscopes, X-radiation can be used to study relatively thick aqueous specimens in their natural environment. X-ray microscopes require intense X-radiation, which is best provided by electron storage rings, as well as efficient X-ray optics. X-ray microscopes with zone plate optics are installed at the storage ring BESSY in Berlin for studies in the fields of biology, medicine, biophysics, colloid chemistry, and soil sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmahl
- Forschungseinrichtung Röntgenphysik der Universität, Göttingen
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Schreiber H, Kinzl HP, Thieme J. Computerized microscopic image analysis method in tissue-biomaterials interaction. Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs 1990; 18:637-41. [PMID: 2099219 DOI: 10.3109/10731199009117332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of computer-based image analysis belongs to the new methods of biocompatibility testing. When materials were implanted subcutaneously in animals the cells of the connective tissue capsule can give a good standard for the evaluation of biocompatibility. The application of image processing systems allows the automation of a great number of measurings and test - techniques. It is also possible to get quantitative information on cell - and haemocompatibility testing. With the help of the automatic microscopic image analysis the accuracy of morphometric methods increased and scientists time was saved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schreiber
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, District Hospital of Gera, G.D.R
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Abstract
The Göttingen X ray microscope at the electron storage ring BESSY in Berlin and X ray microscopy experiments with biological specimens are described. A look ahead to future developments--optics for higher resolution and with better efficiency, detector devices with higher detective quantum efficiency, and the development of a laboratory X ray microscope with a plasma X ray source--is taken.
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