1
|
Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Amougou Atsama M, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Mbaga DS, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Menkem EZ, Selly Ngaloumo AA, Banlock ATR, Feudjio AF, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Nyimbe Mviena GL, Nyebe Eloundou I, Yéngué JF, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Zekeng Mekontchou RM, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Kamtchueng Takeu Y, Taya-Fokou JB, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Nde C, Nkie Esemu S, Njouom R, Ndip L. Global epidemiology of occult hepatitis B virus infections in blood donors, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272920. [PMID: 35994469 PMCID: PMC9394819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of occult hepatitis B in blood donors. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021252787. We included 82 studies in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of OBI was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.4–7.1) in HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive blood donors. Only sporadic cases of OBI were reported in HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative blood donors. The overall prevalence of OBI was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1–0.4) in HBsAg negative blood donors. The prevalence of OBI was generally higher in countries with low-income economic status. The results of this study show that despite routine screening of blood donors for hepatitis B, the transmission of HBV by blood remains possible via OBI and/or a seronegative window period; hence there is a need for active surveillance and foremost easier access to molecular tests for the screening of blood donors before transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Amougou Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yrene Kamtchueng Takeu
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mahamat G, Foe-Essomba JR, Amougou-Atsama M, Tchatchouang S, Nyebe I, Feudjio AF, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Fokou LKM, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Daha-Tchoffo AG, Selly-Ngaloumo AA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Yéngué JF, Taya-Fokou JB, Kenfack-Momo R, Atembeh Noura E, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Bowo-Ngandji A, Sake CS, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Njiki Bikoi J, Njouom R, Riwom Essama SH. Hepatitis B, C and D virus infections and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: A meta-analysis including sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262903. [PMID: 35061846 PMCID: PMC8782350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Africa denotes unique facies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by a conjunction of low sensitization, restricted access to diagnosis and treatment and associated with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. We investigated whether hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (VHD) viruses were etiological agents of HCC in Africa. Methods Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online databases, as well as manual searches in relevant reviews and included articles. Analytical studies from Africa evaluating the association between HCC development and HBV, HCV, and HDV were included. Relevant studies were selected, data extracted, and the risk of bias assessed independently by at least 2 investigators. The association was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) determined by a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analyses. Results A total of 36 case-control studies were included. With controls having non-hepatic disease, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBeAg (OR = 19.9; 95% CI = [3.7–105.2]), HBsAg (OR = 9.9; 95%) CI = [6.2–15.6]) and DNA (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [5.9–13.4]); HCV (Anti-HCV (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = [6.3–14.0]) and RNA (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = [7.8–34.6]); HDV (Anti-VHD, (OR = 25.8; 95% CI = [5.9–112.2]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBV DNA/HCV RNA (OR = 22.5; 95% CI = [1.3–387.8]). With apparently healthy controls, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBsAg, (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [6.0–13.0]); HCV (Anti-HCV, (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = [5.6–10.6]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBsAg/Anti-HCV (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = [4.4–13.6]) Substantial heterogeneity and the absence of publication bias were recorded for these results. Conclusions In Africa, HBV/HCV coinfections and HBV, HCV, and HDV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. The implementation of large-scale longitudinal and prospective studies including healthy participants to search for early biomarkers of the risk of progression to HCC is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jacky Njiki Bikoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fall A, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Foe-Essomba JR, Tchatchouang S, Amougou Atsama M, Yéngué JF, Kenfack-Momo R, Feudjio AF, Nka AD, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Taya-Fokou JB, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Noura EA, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Kame-Ngasse GI, Nyebe I, Djukouo LG, Kengne Gounmadje L, Tchami Ngongang D, Oyono MG, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Mahamat G, Kengne-Ndé C, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Dia N, La Rosa G, Ndip L, Njouom R. Global prevalence and case fatality rate of Enterovirus D68 infections, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010073. [PMID: 35134062 PMCID: PMC8824346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount of epidemiological data has been reported on Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections after the 2014 outbreak. Our goal was to map the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021229255) with published articles on EV-68 infections in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus up to January 2021. We determined prevalences using a model random effect. Of the 4,329 articles retrieved from the databases, 89 studies that met the inclusion criteria were from 39 different countries with apparently healthy individuals and patients with acute respiratory infections, acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The CFR estimate revealed occasional deaths (7/1353) related to EV-D68 infections in patients with severe acute respiratory infections. Analyses showed that the combined prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections was 4% (95% CI = 3.1–5.0) and 66.3% (95% CI = 40.0–88.2), respectively. The highest prevalences were in hospital outbreaks, developed countries, children under 5, after 2014, and in patients with acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The present study shows sporadic deaths linked to severe respiratory EV-D68 infections. The study also highlights a low prevalence of current EV-D68 infections as opposed to the existence of EV-D68 antibodies in almost all participants of the included studies. These findings therefore highlight the need to implement and/or strengthen continuous surveillance of EV-D68 infections in hospitals and in the community for the anticipation of the response to future epidemics. Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections represent a global public health concern. EV-D68 are detected in apparently healthy subjects and patients with acute respiratory illnesses, acute flaccid myelitis, and asthma-related illnesses. Enterovirus D68 was first described in 1962 and exhibited sporadic circulation until August 2014 when outbreaks of EV-D68 infections were reported in the USA and Canada mainly in children with acute flaccid myelitis and severe acute respiratory disease. We systematically reviewed the literature on EV-D68 infections globally in the present study to determine the case fatality rate and prevalence of current and past infections. Our results show sporadic deaths in patients with severe acute respiratory EV-D68 infections. Our data also show a low prevalence of EV-D68 in current infections unlike the presence of EV-D68 antibodies (past infections) in almost all individuals of all ages. EV-D68 infections were more prevalent in hospital outbreaks, industrialized countries, children < 5 years, and patients with acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. These data highlight the need to strengthen the surveillance of EV-D68 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amary Fall
- Virology Department, Institute Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (SK); (RN)
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Marie Amougou Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Alex Durand Nka
- Virology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Department of Animals Biology and Physiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Research Monitoring and Planning Unit, National Aids Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Ndongo Dia
- Virology Department, Institute Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (SK); (RN)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yéngué JF, Essomba CMN, Ndzengue GEA, Sonela N, Lobè EE, Tchouaket MCT, Ka’e AC, Tchadji JC, Kenmoe S, Nanfack AJ, Bilong CFB. Performance of immunochromatographic and immunoenzymatic techniques in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Cameroon: need for harmonization. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:195. [PMID: 36974314 PMCID: PMC10038765 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.195.36996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction in order to contribute to the improvement of the management of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Cameroon, performance of two techniques commonly used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was evaluated. Methods a total of 541 pregnant women were recruited from seven hospitals in two Regions of Cameroon, of which 63% (341: Batch1) were from health facilities (HF) using a immunochromatographic technique (ICT) as a screening test for toxoplasmosis, and 37% (200: Batch2) from those using an immunoenzymatic technique (IEZ). On each sample, Ig (Immunoglobulin) G (IgG) and IgM were tested by three techniques: a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and a Vidas Enzyme-linked fluorescent assay taken as reference (VIDAS/ELFA). The results from the health facilities were recorded. Results for the IgG assay, our two laboratory methods were sensitive (96.0% and 97.5%) and specific (64.2% and 59.7%). Their concordance rates with the VIDAS/ELFA reference were above 60% (P<0.001). Moreover, for the IgM assay, the performances of the two methods were equivalent: Se= 18.2%, Sp= 99.4% with a low concordance rate (Kappa = 0.24). Considering the results provided by the selected hospitals, the ELISA used in Batch2 showed similar performances to the two techniques used in reference lab while the performances were low for the RDT used in Batch1. Conclusion both methods showed similar performances (good for (IgG) and poor for IgM). However, for the immunochromatographic method, differences in performance were found between our results and those provided by the selected health facilities. These differences suggest a harmonization of diagnostic techniques for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Cameroonian health facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Félicité Yéngué
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Corresponding author: Jacqueline Félicité Yéngué, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | | | - Georgia Elna Ambada Ndzengue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nelson Sonela
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Elise Elong Lobè
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Jules Colince Tchadji
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea Cameroon
| | - Aubin Joseph Nanfack
- Department of Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foe-Essomba JR, Kenmoe S, Tchatchouang S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mbaga DS, Kengne-Ndé C, Mahamat G, Kame-Ngasse GI, Noura EA, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Feudjio AF, Taya-Fokou JB, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Nyebe I, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Yéngué JF, Djukouo LG, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Bowo-Ngandji A, Lontchi-Yimagou E, Kaiyven AL, Donkeng Donfack VF, Njouom R, Mbanya JC, Mbacham WF, Eyangoh S. Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, a systematic review and meta-analysis with sensitivity analysis for studies comparable for confounders. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261246. [PMID: 34890419 PMCID: PMC8664214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Meta-analyses conducted so far on the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the tuberculosis (TB) development risk did not sufficiently take confounders into account in their estimates. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether DM is associated with an increased risk of developing TB with a sensitivity analyses incorporating a wider range of confounders including age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoke exposure, and other comorbidities. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus were queried from inception until October 2020. Without any restriction to time of study, geographical location, and DM and TB diagnosis approaches, all observational studies that presented data for associations between DM and TB were included. Studies with no abstract or complete text, duplicates, and studies with wrong designs (review, case report, case series, comment on an article, and editorial) or populations were excluded. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a random-effect model. Results The electronic and manual searches yielded 12,796 articles of which 47 were used in our study (23 case control, 14 cross-sectional and 10 cohort studies) involving 503,760 cases (DM or TB patients) and 3,596,845 controls. The size of the combined effect of TB risk in the presence of DM was OR = 2.3, 95% CI = [2.0–2.7], I2 = 94.2%. This statistically significant association was maintained in cohort (OR = 2.0, CI 95% = [1.5–2.4], I2 = 94.3%), case control (OR = 2.4, CI 95% = [2.0–2.9], I2 = 93.0%) and cross-sectional studies (OR = 2.5, CI 95% = [1.8–3.5], I2 = 95.2%). The association between DM and TB was also maintained in the sensitivity analysis including only studies with similar proportions of confounders between cases and controls. The substantial heterogeneity observed was mainly explained by the differences between geographic regions. Conclusions DM is associated with an increased risk of developing latent and active TB. To further explore the role of DM in the development of TB, more investigations of the biological mechanisms by which DM increases the risk of TB are needed. Review registration PROSPERO, CRD42021216815.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rodrigue Foe-Essomba
- Camdiagnostic, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Eric Lontchi-Yimagou
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Afi Leslie Kaiyven
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Sara Eyangoh
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahamat G, Kenmoe S, Akazong EW, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Foe-Essomba JR, Amougou-Atsama M, Monamele CG, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Daha-Tchoffo AG, Selly-Ngaloumo AA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Yéngué JF, Taya-Fokou JB, Fokou LKM, Kenfack-Momo R, Tchami Ngongang D, Atembeh Noura E, Tazokong HR, Demeni Emoh CP, Kengne-Ndé C, Bigna JJ, Boyomo O, Njouom R. Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1190-1202. [PMID: 34630885 PMCID: PMC8473496 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern that affects about 2 billion people and causes 1 million people deaths yearly. HBV is a blood-borne disease and healthcare workers (HCWs) are a high-risk group because of occupational hazard to patients' blood. Different regions of the world show a highly variable proportion of HCWs infected and/or immunized against HBV. Global data on serologic markers of HBV infection and immunization in HCWs are very important to improve strategies for HBV control. AIM To determine the worldwide prevalence of HBV serological markers among HCWs. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analyses, we searched PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019 on the prevalence of HBV serological markers in HCWs worldwide. We also manually searched for references of relevant articles. Four independent investigators selected studies and included those on the prevalence of each of the HBV serological markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg), immunoglobulin M anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed and random-effect model meta-analysis resulted in the pooled prevalence of HBV serological markers HBV infection in HCWs. Heterogeneity (I²) was assessed using the χ² test on Cochran's Q statistic and H parameters. Heterogeneity' sources were explored through subgroup and metaregression analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019137144. RESULTS We reviewed 14059 references, out of which 227 studies corresponding to 448 prevalence data among HCWs (224936 HCWs recruited from 1964 to 2019 in 71 countries) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg, current HBeAg, and acute HBV infection among HCWs were 2.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-2.7], 0.2% (95%CI: 0.0-1.7), and 5.3% (95%CI: 1.4-11.2), respectively. The pooled seroprevalences of total immunity against HBV and immunity acquired by natural HBV infection in HCWs were 56.6% (95%CI: 48.7-63.4) and 9.2% (95%CI: 6.8-11.8), respectively. HBV infection was more prevalent in HCWs in low-income countries, particularly in Africa. The highest immunization rates against HBV in HCWs were recorded in urban areas and in high-income countries including Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. CONCLUSION New strategies are needed to improve awareness, training, screening, vaccination, post-exposure management and treatment of HBV infection in HCWs, and particularly in low-income regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Etheline W Akazong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorraine K M Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Hervé Raoul Tazokong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Onana Boyomo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|