1
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Shinde P, Soldevila F, Reyna J, Aoki M, Rasmussen M, Willemsen L, Kojima M, Ha B, Greenbaum JA, Overton JA, Guzman-Orozco H, Nili S, Orfield S, Gygi JP, da Silva Antunes R, Sette A, Grant B, Olsen LR, Konstorum A, Guan L, Ay F, Kleinstein SH, Peters B. A multi-omics systems vaccinology resource to develop and test computational models of immunity. Cell Rep Methods 2024; 4:100731. [PMID: 38490204 PMCID: PMC10985234 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Systems vaccinology studies have identified factors affecting individual vaccine responses, but comparing these findings is challenging due to varying study designs. To address this lack of reproducibility, we established a community resource for comparing Bordetella pertussis booster responses and to host annual contests for predicting patients' vaccination outcomes. We report here on our experiences with the "dry-run" prediction contest. We found that, among 20+ models adopted from the literature, the most successful model predicting vaccination outcome was based on age alone. This confirms our concerns about the reproducibility of conclusions between different vaccinology studies. Further, we found that, for newly trained models, handling of baseline information on the target variables was crucial. Overall, multiple co-inertia analysis gave the best results of the tested modeling approaches. Our goal is to engage community in these prediction challenges by making data and models available and opening a public contest in August 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Shinde
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin Reyna
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Minori Aoki
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mikkel Rasmussen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mari Kojima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Ha
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Hector Guzman-Orozco
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Somayeh Nili
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelby Orfield
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy P Gygi
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Konstorum
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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2
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Shinde P, Soldevila F, Reyna J, Aoki M, Rasmussen M, Willemsen L, Kojima M, Ha B, Greenbaum JA, Overton JA, Guzman-Orozco H, Nili S, Orfield S, Gygi JP, da Silva Antunes R, Sette A, Grant B, Olsen LR, Konstorum A, Guan L, Ay F, Kleinstein SH, Peters B. A systems vaccinology resource to develop and test computational models of immunity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.28.555193. [PMID: 37693565 PMCID: PMC10491180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Computational models that predict an individual's response to a vaccine offer the potential for mechanistic insights and personalized vaccination strategies. These models are increasingly derived from systems vaccinology studies that generate immune profiles from human cohorts pre- and post-vaccination. Most of these studies involve relatively small cohorts and profile the response to a single vaccine. The ability to assess the performance of the resulting models would be improved by comparing their performance on independent datasets, as has been done with great success in other areas of biology such as protein structure predictions. To transfer this approach to system vaccinology studies, we established a prototype platform that focuses on the evaluation of Computational Models of Immunity to Pertussis Booster vaccinations (CMI-PB). A community resource, CMI-PB generates experimental data for the explicit purpose of model evaluation, which is performed through a series of annual data releases and associated contests. We here report on our experience with the first such 'dry run' for a contest where the goal was to predict individual immune responses based on pre-vaccination multi-omic profiles. Over 30 models adopted from the literature were tested, but only one was predictive, and was based on age alone. The performance of new models built using CMI-PB training data was much better, but varied significantly based on the choice of pre-vaccination features used and the model building strategy. This suggests that previously published models developed for other vaccines do not generalize well to Pertussis Booster vaccination. Overall, these results reinforced the need for comparative analysis across models and datasets that CMI-PB aims to achieve. We are seeking wider community engagement for our first public prediction contest, which will open in early 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Shinde
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin Reyna
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Minori Aoki
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mikkel Rasmussen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mari Kojima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Ha
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Ave. Toronto, Ontario, M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Hector Guzman-Orozco
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Somayeh Nili
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelby Orfield
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Gygi
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Konstorum
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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3
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Diray-Arce J, Fourati S, Doni Jayavelu N, Patel R, Maguire C, Chang AC, Dandekar R, Qi J, Lee BH, van Zalm P, Schroeder A, Chen E, Konstorum A, Brito A, Gygi JP, Kho A, Chen J, Pawar S, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Hoch A, Milliren CE, Overton JA, Westendorf K, Cairns CB, Rouphael N, Bosinger SE, Kim-Schulze S, Krammer F, Rosen L, Grubaugh ND, van Bakel H, Wilson M, Rajan J, Steen H, Eckalbar W, Cotsapas C, Langelier CR, Levy O, Altman MC, Maecker H, Montgomery RR, Haddad EK, Sekaly RP, Esserman D, Ozonoff A, Becker PM, Augustine AD, Guan L, Peters B, Kleinstein SH. Multi-omic longitudinal study reveals immune correlates of clinical course among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101079. [PMID: 37327781 PMCID: PMC10203880 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The IMPACC cohort, composed of >1,000 hospitalized COVID-19 participants, contains five illness trajectory groups (TGs) during acute infection (first 28 days), ranging from milder (TG1-3) to more severe disease course (TG4) and death (TG5). Here, we report deep immunophenotyping, profiling of >15,000 longitudinal blood and nasal samples from 540 participants of the IMPACC cohort, using 14 distinct assays. These unbiased analyses identify cellular and molecular signatures present within 72 h of hospital admission that distinguish moderate from severe and fatal COVID-19 disease. Importantly, cellular and molecular states also distinguish participants with more severe disease that recover or stabilize within 28 days from those that progress to fatal outcomes (TG4 vs. TG5). Furthermore, our longitudinal design reveals that these biologic states display distinct temporal patterns associated with clinical outcomes. Characterizing host immune responses in relation to heterogeneity in disease course may inform clinical prognosis and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Slim Fourati
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Ravi Patel
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Cole Maguire
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ana C Chang
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian H Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Schroeder
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Ernie Chen
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alvin Kho
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Annmarie Hoch
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Charles B Cairns
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lindsey Rosen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jayant Rajan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter Eckalbar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Al Ozonoff
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alison D Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Mahita J, Ha B, Gambiez A, Schendel SL, Li H, Hastie KM, Dennison SM, Li K, Kuzmina N, Periasamy S, Bukreyev A, Munt JE, Osei-Twum M, Atyeo C, Overton JA, Vita R, Guzman-Orozco H, Mendes M, Kojima M, Halfmann PJ, Kawaoka Y, Alter G, Gagnon L, Baric RS, Tomaras GD, Germann T, Bedinger D, Greenbaum JA, Saphire EO, Peters B. Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium Database. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:7034146. [PMID: 36763096 PMCID: PMC9913043 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has seen multiple anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies being generated globally. It is difficult, however, to assemble a useful compendium of these biological properties if they are derived from experimental measurements performed at different sites under different experimental conditions. The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (COVIC) circumvents these issues by experimentally testing blinded antibodies side by side for several functional activities. To collect these data in a consistent fashion and make it publicly available, we established the COVIC database (COVIC-DB, https://covicdb.lji.org/). This database enables systematic analysis and interpretation of this large-scale dataset by providing a comprehensive view of various features such as affinity, neutralization, in vivo protection and effector functions for each antibody. Interactive graphs enable direct comparisons of antibodies based on select functional properties. We demonstrate how the COVIC-DB can be utilized to examine relationships among antibody features, thereby guiding the design of therapeutic antibody cocktails. Database URL https://covicdb.lji.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anais Gambiez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sharon L Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haoyang Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall,CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - Mary Osei-Twum
- Nexelis, a Q2 Solutions Company, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec H7V 3S8, Canada
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambrige, MA 02139-3583, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Ave. Toronto, Ontario, M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hector Guzman-Orozco
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcus Mendes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mari Kojima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53711, USA,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambrige, MA 02139-3583, USA
| | - Luc Gagnon
- Nexelis, a Q2 Solutions Company, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec H7V 3S8, Canada
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall,CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, 125 Marson Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tim Germann
- Carterra Inc., 825 N. 300 W.Ste, C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Daniel Bedinger
- Carterra Inc., 825 N. 300 W.Ste, C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Bjoern Peters. Tel: +1858 752 6914; Fax: +858-752-6987;
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5
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Matentzoglu N, Goutte-Gattat D, Tan SZK, Balhoff JP, Carbon S, Caron AR, Duncan WD, Flack JE, Haendel M, Harris NL, Hogan WR, Hoyt CT, Jackson RC, Kim H, Kir H, Larralde M, McMurry JA, Overton JA, Peters B, Pilgrim C, Stefancsik R, Robb SMC, Toro S, Vasilevsky NA, Walls R, Mungall CJ, Osumi-Sutherland D. Ontology Development Kit: a toolkit for building, maintaining and standardizing biomedical ontologies. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6754192. [PMID: 36208225 PMCID: PMC9547537 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to managing software packages, managing the ontology life cycle involves multiple complex workflows such as preparing releases, continuous quality control checking and dependency management. To manage these processes, a diverse set of tools is required, from command-line utilities to powerful ontology-engineering environmentsr. Particularly in the biomedical domain, which has developed a set of highly diverse yet inter-dependent ontologies, standardizing release practices and metadata and establishing shared quality standards are crucial to enable interoperability. The Ontology Development Kit (ODK) provides a set of standardized, customizable and automatically executable workflows, and packages all required tooling in a single Docker image. In this paper, we provide an overview of how the ODK works, show how it is used in practice and describe how we envision it driving standardization efforts in our community. Database URL: https://github.com/INCATools/ontology-development-kit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Goutte-Gattat
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Shawn Zheng Kai Tan
- Samples Phenotypes and Ontologies Team (SPOT), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - James P Balhoff
- RENCI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, North Carolina 27517, USA
| | - Seth Carbon
- Berkeley Bioinformatics Open-source Projects (BBOP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 977-0257, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anita R Caron
- Samples Phenotypes and Ontologies Team (SPOT), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - William D Duncan
- Berkeley Bioinformatics Open-source Projects (BBOP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 977-0257, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,College of Dentistry; Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, William D. Duncan: 1395 Center Dr, Gainesville, William R. Hogan: 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joe E Flack
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Haendel
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nomi L Harris
- Berkeley Bioinformatics Open-source Projects (BBOP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 977-0257, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William R Hogan
- College of Dentistry; Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, William D. Duncan: 1395 Center Dr, Gainesville, William R. Hogan: 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Charles Tapley Hoyt
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue Armenise Building Room 109, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca C Jackson
- Bend Informatics LLC, 5305 RIVER RD NORTH, STE B, KEIZER, OR 97303, USA
| | | | - Huseyin Kir
- Samples Phenotypes and Ontologies Team (SPOT), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Martin Larralde
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Julie A McMurry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clare Pilgrim
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Ray Stefancsik
- Samples Phenotypes and Ontologies Team (SPOT), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sofia MC Robb
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sabrina Toro
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole A Vasilevsky
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ramona Walls
- Critical Path Institute, 1730 E River Road, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Christopher J Mungall
- Berkeley Bioinformatics Open-source Projects (BBOP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 977-0257, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Ozonoff A, Schaenman J, Jayavelu ND, Milliren CE, Calfee CS, Cairns CB, Kraft M, Baden LR, Shaw AC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Esserman DA, Liu S, Sesma AF, Simon V, Hafler DA, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Levy O, Bime C, Haddad EK, Erle DJ, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Hough CL, Messer WB, Higuita NIA, Metcalf JP, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Ehrlich LI, Melamed E, McComsey GA, Sekaly R, Diray-Arce J, Peters B, Augustine AD, Reed EF, Altman MC, Becker PM, Rouphael N, Ozonoff A, Schaenman J, Jayavelu ND, Milliren CE, Calfee CS, Cairns CB, Kraft M, Baden LR, Shaw AC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Esserman DA, Liu S, Sesma AF, Simon V, Hafler DA, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Levy O, Bime C, Haddad EK, Erle DJ, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Hough CL, Messer WB, Higuita NIA, Metcalf JP, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Ehrlich LI, Melamed E, McComsey GA, Sekaly R, Diray-Arce J, Peters B, Augustine AD, Reed EF, McEnaney K, Barton B, Lentucci C, Saluvan M, Chang AC, Hoch A, Albert M, Shaheen T, Kho AT, Thomas S, Chen J, Murphy MD, Cooney M, Presnell S, Fragiadakis GK, Patel R, Guan L, Gygi J, Pawar S, Brito A, Khalil Z, Maguire C, Fourati S, Overton JA, Vita R, Westendorf K, Salehi-Rad R, Leligdowicz A, Matthay MA, Singer JP, Kangelaris KN, Hendrickson CM, Krummel MF, Langelier CR, Woodruff PG, Powell DL, Kim JN, Simmons B, Goonewardene IM, Smith CM, Martens M, Mosier J, Kimura H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Issa NC, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian S, Iwasaki A, Ko AI, Chinthrajah S, Ahuja N, Rogers AJ, Artandi M, Siegel SA, Lu Z, Drevets DA, Brown BR, Anderson ML, Guirgis FW, Thyagarajan RV, Rousseau JF, Wylie D, Busch J, Gandhi S, Triplett TA, Yendewa G, Giddings O, Anderson EJ, Mehta AK, Sevransky JE, Khor B, Rahman A, Stadlbauer D, Dutta J, Xie H, Kim-Schulze S, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Khan Z, Maecker HT, Elashoff D, Brook J, Ramires-Sanchez E, Llamas M, Rivera A, Perdomo C, Ward DC, Magyar CE, Fulcher JA, Abe-Jones Y, Asthana S, Beagle A, Bhide S, Carrillo SA, Chak S, Fragiadakis GK, Ghale R, Gonzalez A, Jauregui A, Jones N, Lea T, Lee D, Lota R, Milush J, Nguyen V, Pierce L, Prasad PA, Rao A, Samad B, Shaw C, Sigman A, Sinha P, Ward A, Willmore A, Zhan J, Rashid S, Rodriguez N, Tang K, Altamirano LT, Betancourt L, Curiel C, Sutter N, Paz MT, Tietje-Ulrich G, Leroux C, Connors J, Bernui M, Kutzler MA, Edwards C, Lee E, Lin E, Croen B, Semenza NC, Rogowski B, Melnyk N, Woloszczuk K, Cusimano G, Bell MR, Furukawa S, McLin R, Marrero P, Sheidy J, Tegos GP, Nagle C, Mege N, Ulring K, Seyfert-Margolis V, Conway M, Francisco D, Molzahn A, Erickson H, Wilson CC, Schunk R, Sierra B, Hughes T, Smolen K, Desjardins M, van Haren S, Mitre X, Cauley J, Li X, Tong A, Evans B, Montesano C, Licona JH, Krauss J, Chang JBP, Izaguirre N, Chaudhary O, Coppi A, Fournier J, Mohanty S, Muenker MC, Nelson A, Raddassi K, Rainone M, Ruff WE, Salahuddin S, Schulz WL, Vijayakumar P, Wang H, Wunder Jr. E, Young HP, Zhao Y, Saksena M, Altman D, Kojic E, Srivastava K, Eaker LQ, Bermúdez-González MC, Beach KF, Sominsky LA, Azad AR, Carreño JM, Singh G, Raskin A, Tcheou J, Bielak D, Kawabata H, Mulder LCF, Kleiner G, Lee AS, Do ED, Fernandes A, Manohar M, Hagan T, Blish CA, Din HN, Roque J, Yang S, Brunton A, Sullivan PE, Strnad M, Lyski ZL, Coulter FJ, Booth JL, Sinko LA, Moldawer LL, Borresen B, Roth-Manning B, Song LZ, Nelson E, Lewis-Smith M, Smith J, Tipan PG, Siles N, Bazzi S, Geltman J, Hurley K, Gabriele G, Sieg S, Vaysman T, Bristow L, Hussaini L, Hellmeister K, Samaha H, Cheng A, Spainhour C, Scherer EM, Johnson B, Bechnak A, Ciric CR, Hewitt L, Carter E, Mcnair N, Panganiban B, Huerta C, Usher J, Ribeiro SP, Altman MC, Becker PM, Rouphael N. Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the IMPACC study. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104208. [PMID: 35952496 PMCID: PMC9359694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the association between characteristics of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and outcome is needed to further improve upon patient management. METHODS Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) is a prospective, observational study of 1164 patients from 20 hospitals across the United States. Disease severity was assessed using a 7-point ordinal scale based on degree of respiratory illness. Patients were prospectively surveyed for 1 year after discharge for post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) through quarterly surveys. Demographics, comorbidities, radiographic findings, clinical laboratory values, SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology were captured over a 28-day period. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. FINDINGS The median age was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 20); 711 (61%) were men; overall mortality was 14%, and 228 (20%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Unsupervised clustering of ordinal score over time revealed distinct disease course trajectories. Risk factors associated with prolonged hospitalization or death by day 28 included age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% CI 1.28-3.17), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.13-2.57), elevated baseline creatinine (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.63- 4.80) or troponin (OR 1.89; 95% 1.03-3.47), baseline lymphopenia (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.61-2.97), presence of infiltrate by chest imaging (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.96-5.10), and high SARS-CoV2 viral load (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.17-2.00). Fatal cases had the lowest ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibody to viral load levels compared to other trajectories over time (p=0.001). 589 survivors (51%) completed at least one survey at follow-up with 305 (52%) having at least one symptom consistent with PASC, most commonly dyspnea (56% among symptomatic patients). Female sex was the only associated risk factor for PASC. INTERPRETATION Integration of PCR cycle threshold, and antibody values with demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory/radiographic findings identified risk factors for 28-day outcome severity, though only female sex was associated with PASC. Longitudinal clinical phenotyping offers important insights, and provides a framework for immunophenotyping for acute and long COVID-19. FUNDING NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Ozonoff
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Carly E. Milliren
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Cairns
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Monica Kraft
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David J. Erle
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Scott C. Brakenridge
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David Corry
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Esther Melamed
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Rafick Sekaly
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alison D. Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Patrice M. Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Matentzoglu N, Balhoff JP, Bello SM, Bizon C, Brush M, Callahan TJ, Chute CG, Duncan WD, Evelo CT, Gabriel D, Graybeal J, Gray A, Gyori BM, Haendel M, Harmse H, Harris NL, Harrow I, Hegde HB, Hoyt AL, Hoyt CT, Jiao D, Jiménez-Ruiz E, Jupp S, Kim H, Koehler S, Liener T, Long Q, Malone J, McLaughlin JA, McMurry JA, Moxon S, Munoz-Torres MC, Osumi-Sutherland D, Overton JA, Peters B, Putman T, Queralt-Rosinach N, Shefchek K, Solbrig H, Thessen A, Tudorache T, Vasilevsky N, Wagner AH, Mungall CJ. A Simple Standard for Sharing Ontological Mappings (SSSOM). Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6591806. [PMID: 35616100 PMCID: PMC9216545 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in the development of standards for describing and exchanging scientific information, the lack of easy-to-use standards for mapping between different representations of the same or similar objects in different databases poses a major impediment to data integration and interoperability. Mappings often lack the metadata needed to be correctly interpreted and applied. For example, are two terms equivalent or merely related? Are they narrow or broad matches? Or are they associated in some other way? Such relationships between the mapped terms are often not documented, which leads to incorrect assumptions and makes them hard to use in scenarios that require a high degree of precision (such as diagnostics or risk prediction). Furthermore, the lack of descriptions of how mappings were done makes it hard to combine and reconcile mappings, particularly curated and automated ones. We have developed the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontological Mappings (SSSOM) which addresses these problems by: (i) Introducing a machine-readable and extensible vocabulary to describe metadata that makes imprecision, inaccuracy and incompleteness in mappings explicit. (ii) Defining an easy-to-use simple table-based format that can be integrated into existing data science pipelines without the need to parse or query ontologies, and that integrates seamlessly with Linked Data principles. (iii) Implementing open and community-driven collaborative workflows that are designed to evolve the standard continuously to address changing requirements and mapping practices. (iv) Providing reference tools and software libraries for working with the standard. In this paper, we present the SSSOM standard, describe several use cases in detail and survey some of the existing work on standardizing the exchange of mappings, with the goal of making mappings Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). The SSSOM specification can be found at http://w3id.org/sssom/spec. Database URL: http://w3id.org/sssom/spec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James P Balhoff
- RENCI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | | | - Chris Bizon
- RENCI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Matthew Brush
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chris T Evelo
- Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211 LK, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alasdair Gray
- Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Currie EH14 4AS, UK
| | | | - Melissa Haendel
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Henriette Harmse
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nomi L Harris
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Harshad B Hegde
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amelia L Hoyt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Dazhi Jiao
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz
- City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK,University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Simon Jupp
- SciBite Limited, Bio Data Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1DR, UK
| | | | | | | | - Qinqin Long
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - James Malone
- BenchSci, 25 York St Suite 1100, Toronto, ON M5J 2V5, Canada
| | | | - Julie A McMurry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Sierra Moxon
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tim Putman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | | | - Kent Shefchek
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | | | - Anne Thessen
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | | | - Nicole Vasilevsky
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Alex H Wagner
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Vita RJ, Mody A, Overton JA, Buus S, Haley ST, Willis RA, Sette A, Mallajosyula V, Peters B, Altman JD. The Minimal Information about MHC Multimers (MIAMM). The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.173.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Minimal Information about MHC Multimers (MIAMM, miamm.lji.org) is a recently established data standard to be applied to publications utilizing these reagents. Available at miamm.lji.org, we explain how to easily represent multimer reagents in a standardized format using ontology terminology. Additionally, we provide a free, publicly available Multimer Validation Tool. This tool helps users adopt this new data standard and was proven to be generally applicable to real life use cases by its validation of the data present in the NIH Tetramer Core Facility and the nearly 18,500 multimer assays in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). As the scientific public adopts MIAMM, the quality, reproducibility, and annotatability of MHC multimer reagent data in the scientific literature will be improved.
Funding: JDA, RAW, and DLL acknowledge support from the contract for the NIH Tetramer Facility (75N93020D00005) from the Yerkes National Primate Research Center (P51OD011132), and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (P30AI050409). RV, JAO, AM, and BP acknowledge support from National Institutes of Health grant R24 HG010032. RV, JAO, AM, BP, and AS acknowledge support from National Institutes of Health contract 75N93019C00001
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Vita R, Mody A, Overton JA, Buus S, Haley ST, Sette A, Mallajosyula V, Davis MM, Long DL, Willis RA, Peters B, Altman JD. Minimal Information about MHC Multimers (MIAMM). J Immunol 2022; 208:531-537. [PMID: 35042788 PMCID: PMC8830768 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of improving the reproducibility and annotatability of MHC multimer reagent data, we present the establishment of a new data standard: Minimal Information about MHC Multimers (https://miamm.lji.org/). Multimers are engineered reagents composed of a ligand and a MHC, which can be represented in a standardized format using ontology terminology. We provide an online Web site to host the details of the standard, as well as a validation tool to assist with the adoption of the standard. We hope that this publication will bring increased awareness of Minimal Information about MHC Multimers and drive acceptance, ultimately improving the quality and documentation of multimer data in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
| | - Apurva Mody
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Soren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dale L Long
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Richard A Willis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John D Altman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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10
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Jackson R, Matentzoglu N, Overton JA, Vita R, Balhoff JP, Buttigieg PL, Carbon S, Courtot M, Diehl AD, Dooley DM, Duncan WD, Harris NL, Haendel MA, Lewis SE, Natale DA, Osumi-Sutherland D, Ruttenberg A, Schriml LM, Smith B, Stoeckert CJ, Vasilevsky NA, Walls RL, Zheng J, Mungall CJ, Peters B. OBO Foundry in 2021: operationalizing open data principles to evaluate ontologies. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:6410158. [PMID: 34697637 PMCID: PMC8546234 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological ontologies are used to organize, curate and interpret the vast quantities of data arising from biological experiments. While this works well when using a single ontology, integrating multiple ontologies can be problematic, as they are developed independently, which can lead to incompatibilities. The Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry was created to address this by facilitating the development, harmonization, application and sharing of ontologies, guided by a set of overarching principles. One challenge in reaching these goals was that the OBO principles were not originally encoded in a precise fashion, and interpretation was subjective. Here, we show how we have addressed this by formally encoding the OBO principles as operational rules and implementing a suite of automated validation checks and a dashboard for objectively evaluating each ontology’s compliance with each principle. This entailed a substantial effort to curate metadata across all ontologies and to coordinate with individual stakeholders. We have applied these checks across the full OBO suite of ontologies, revealing areas where individual ontologies require changes to conform to our principles. Our work demonstrates how a sizable, federated community can be organized and evaluated on objective criteria that help improve overall quality and interoperability, which is vital for the sustenance of the OBO project and towards the overall goals of making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). Database URL http://obofoundry.org/
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jackson
- Bend Informatics LLC, 20770 Double Peaks Drive, Bend, OR 97701, USA
| | | | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 2-107 Quebec Ave., Toronto, ON M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James P Balhoff
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, 100 Europa Drive, Suite 540, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Pier Luigi Buttigieg
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Seth Carbon
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melanie Courtot
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alexander D Diehl
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, 77 Goodell St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Damion M Dooley
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - William D Duncan
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nomi L Harris
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Suzanna E Lewis
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darren A Natale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 2115 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - David Osumi-Sutherland
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alan Ruttenberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, 77 Goodell St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Lynn M Schriml
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Barry Smith
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, 77 Goodell St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole A Vasilevsky
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ramona L Walls
- Critical Path Institute, 1730 E River Rd #200, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Mungall
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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11
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Vita R, Zheng J, Jackson R, Dooley D, Overton JA, Miller MA, Berrios DC, Scheuermann RH, He Y, McGinty HK, Brochhausen M, Lin AY, Jain SB, Chibucos MC, Judkins J, Giglio MG, Feng IY, Burns G, Brush MH, Peters B, Stoeckert CJ. Standardization of assay representation in the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:6318069. [PMID: 34244718 PMCID: PMC8271124 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) underwent a focused review of assay term annotations, logic and hierarchy with a goal to improve and standardize these terms. As a result, inconsistencies in W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) expressions were identified and corrected, and additionally, standardized design patterns and a formalized template to maintain them were developed. We describe here this informative and productive process to describe the specific benefits and obstacles for OBI and the universal lessons for similar projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Knocean Inc, Toronto, 105 Quebec Ave, ON M2P 2T3, Canada
| | - Damion Dooley
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - James A Overton
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Knocean Inc, Toronto, 105 Quebec Ave, ON M2P 2T3, Canada
| | - Mark A Miller
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel C Berrios
- USRA/NASA Ames Research Center, Building N-260, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Ln, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hande Küçük McGinty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University Drive, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Mathias Brochhausen
- Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Aisyah Yu Lin
- National Center for Ontological Research, University at Buffalo, 126 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sagar B Jain
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Ln, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcus C Chibucos
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - John Judkins
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle G Giglio
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Irene Y Feng
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 506 S. Wright St, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Gully Burns
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, 801 Jefferson Ave, Redwood City, CA 94062, USA
| | - Matthew H Brush
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Soldevila FC, Shinde P, Kojima M, Overton JA, Ha B, Greenbaum J, Ay F, Kleinstein SH, Grant BJ, Peters B. Computational models of Immunity – Pertussis Boost (CMI-PB): Engaging the broader scientific community to develop predictive models of Tdap booster vaccination.. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.59.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Whooping cough is a contagious disease caused by Bordetella Pertussis. The introduction of an inactivated whole bacteria vaccine (wP) in the 1940s led to a dramatic decrease in cases. However, due to vaccine related side-effects, this was substituted by the acellular vaccine (aP) in the 90’s which resulted in rise in cases. In order to determine if there are differences between those primed with aP vs. wP in infancy, we created a model using longitudinal samples from aP boosted individuals as a proxy for antigen encounter in vivo. In previous research, we observed substantial variability in magnitude of vaccine-induced responses between individuals regardless of their priming. Yet, we identified a systematic increase of Th2 polarization of T cells at day 7, a higher expression of CCL3 in PBMC on day 3 post-boost, and an increase of IgG4 antibody polarization in aP individuals. It is not clear how these different observations are interlinked.
We hope to address this question in our project, Computational Models of Immunity – Pertussis Boost (CMI-PB). We are establishing a website that will release omics data (10 aP vs 10 wP infancy primed donors) and engage students with educational materials, and help organize a yearly contest with the broader scientific community to help develop predictive models of immunity. This study will identify the key factors responsible for the differences between aP and wP primed individuals, while also providing a model for general vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferhat Ay
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
| | | | - Barry J Grant
- 4Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Bjoern Peters
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
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13
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Edwards L, Jackson R, Overton JA, Vita R, Blazeska N, Peters B, Sette A. An immunologically friendly classification of non-peptidic ligands. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:6192904. [PMID: 33772585 PMCID: PMC8001080 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) freely provides experimental data regarding immune epitopes to the scientific public. The main users of the IEDB are immunologists who can easily use our web interface to search for peptidic epitopes via their simple single-letter codes. For example, 'A' stands for 'alanine'. Similarly, users can easily navigate the IEDB's simplified NCBI taxonomy hierarchy to locate proteins from specific organisms. However, some epitopes are non-peptidic, such as carbohydrates, lipids, chemicals and drugs, and it is more challenging to consistently name them and search upon, making access to their data more problematic for immunologists. Therefore, we set out to improve access to non-peptidic epitope data in the IEDB through the simplification of the non-peptidic hierarchy used in our search interfaces. Here, we present these efforts and their outcomes. Database URL: http://www.iedb.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Edwards
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Ave. Toronto, Ontario, M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - James A Overton
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Ave. Toronto, Ontario, M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nina Blazeska
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0507 La Jolla, CA 92093-0507, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0507 La Jolla, CA 92093-0507, USA
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14
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Vita R, Mahajan S, Overton JA, Dhanda SK, Martini S, Cantrell JR, Wheeler DK, Sette A, Peters B. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:D339-D343. [PMID: 30357391 PMCID: PMC6324067 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1001] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB, iedb.org) captures experimental data confined in figures, text and tables of the scientific literature, making it freely available and easily searchable to the public. The scope of the IEDB extends across immune epitope data related to all species studied and includes antibody, T cell, and MHC binding contexts associated with infectious, allergic, autoimmune, and transplant related diseases. Having been publicly accessible for >10 years, the recent focus of the IEDB has been improved query and reporting functionality to meet the needs of our users to access and summarize data that continues to grow in quantity and complexity. Here we present an update on our current efforts and future goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Swapnil Mahajan
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sheridan Martini
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Vita R, Overton JA, Dunn P, Cheung KH, Kleinstein SH, Sette A, Peters B. A structured model for immune exposures. Database (Oxford) 2020; 2020:5818925. [PMID: 32283555 PMCID: PMC7153954 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An Immune Exposure is the process by which components of the immune system first encounter a potential trigger. The ability to describe consistently the details of the Immune Exposure process was needed for data resources responsible for housing scientific data related to the immune response. This need was met through the development of a structured model for Immune Exposures. This model was created during curation of the immunology literature, resulting in a robust model capable of meeting the requirements of such data. We present this model with the hope that overlapping projects will adopt and or contribute to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 2 - 107 Quebec Ave Toronto M6P 2T3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Dunn
- ImmPort Curation Team, NG Health Solutions, 2101 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kei-Hoi Cheung
- 464 Congress Ave Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519 USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 464 Congress Ave New Haven, CT, 06519 USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave New Haven, CT, 06519 USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
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16
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Jackson RC, Balhoff JP, Douglass E, Harris NL, Mungall CJ, Overton JA. ROBOT: A Tool for Automating Ontology Workflows. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:407. [PMID: 31357927 PMCID: PMC6664714 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ontologies are invaluable in the life sciences, but building and maintaining ontologies often requires a challenging number of distinct tasks such as running automated reasoners and quality control checks, extracting dependencies and application-specific subsets, generating standard reports, and generating release files in multiple formats. Similar to more general software development, automation is the key to executing and managing these tasks effectively and to releasing more robust products in standard forms. For ontologies using the Web Ontology Language (OWL), the OWL API Java library is the foundation for a range of software tools, including the Protégé ontology editor. In the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) community, we recognized the need to package a wide range of low-level OWL API functionality into a library of common higher-level operations and to make those operations available as a command-line tool. Results ROBOT (a recursive acronym for “ROBOT is an OBO Tool”) is an open source library and command-line tool for automating ontology development tasks. The library can be called from any programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Most usage is through the command-line tool, which runs on macOS, Linux, and Windows. ROBOT provides ontology processing commands for a variety of tasks, including commands for converting formats, running a reasoner, creating import modules, running reports, and various other tasks. These commands can be combined into larger workflows using a separate task execution system such as GNU Make, and workflows can be automatically executed within continuous integration systems. Conclusions ROBOT supports automation of a wide range of ontology development tasks, focusing on OBO conventions. It packages common high-level ontology development functionality into a convenient library, and makes it easy to configure, combine, and execute individual tasks in comprehensive, automated workflows. This helps ontology developers to efficiently create, maintain, and release high-quality ontologies, so that they can spend more time focusing on development tasks. It also helps guarantee that released ontologies are free of certain types of logical errors and conform to standard quality control checks, increasing the overall robustness and efficiency of the ontology development lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James P Balhoff
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Douglass
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nomi L Harris
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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17
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Vita RJ, Overton JA, Cheung KH, Dunn P, Burel J, Chan SA, Diehl AD, Kleinstein SH, Sette A, Peters B. Formal representation of immunology related data with ontologies. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.130.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) is a multicenter collaboration between research centers performing large-scale human immunology studies that focus on profiling the human immune response to natural infection and vaccination. “Immune exposures” are events such as natural infection and vaccination whereby the immune system may or may not respond to the exposure. Many of the HIPC studies investigate the response of specific cell populations after a variety of immune exposures. In order to cross-compare results from the many different centers and projects, we established a standardized representation of immune exposures and cell descriptions that simplifies data collection. By standardizing how this data is collected and stored, the vast amount of data collected by these diverse projects is made significantly more useful and interoperable. The data collected by the HIPC projects is stored in the National Institute of Health, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation funded resource, the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). ImmPort was modified to provide the necessary structured data fields to capture our standardized representation of immune exposures and studied cell populations with a set of data fields that primarily utilize formal ontology terms. We will discuss the process of modeling immune exposures and cell populations via ontology terms, including real life scenarios from HIPC projects, as well as collaborations with existing ontology projects in order to meet the specific needs of immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 6University of California, San Diego
| | - Bjoern Peters
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 6University of California, San Diego
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18
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Salimi N, Vita R, Mahajan S, Overton JA, Dhanda SK, Martini S, Cantrell JR, Wheeler DK, Sette A, Peters B. The Immune Epitope Database enables and accelerates research. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.131.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Project (IEDB) is a freely available resource funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, to advance immunology research. The database allows easy searching of all published experimental data characterizing antibody and T cell epitopes studied in humans, non-human primates, and other animal species. Epitopes involved in infectious disease, allergy, autoimmunity, and transplant are included. The data were derived from more than 19,000 publications. The IEDB also hosts tools that assist in the prediction and analysis of B cell and T cell epitopes. In recent years, the IEDB has updated its search interface and added highly sought after data, such and antibody and TCR sequence information. We will detail how the IEDB can be used to facilitate immunological research.
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19
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Overton JA, Vita R, Dunn P, Burel JG, Bukhari SAC, Cheung KH, Kleinstein SH, Diehl AD, Peters B. Reporting and connecting cell type names and gating definitions through ontologies. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:182. [PMID: 31272390 PMCID: PMC6509839 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunology studies often rely on the isolation and quantification of cell populations from an input sample based on flow cytometry and related techniques. Such techniques classify cells into populations based on the detection of a pattern of markers. The description of the cell populations targeted in such experiments typically have two complementary components: the description of the cell type targeted (e.g. ‘T cells’), and the description of the marker pattern utilized (e.g. CD14−, CD3+). Results We here describe our attempts to use ontologies to cross-compare cell types and marker patterns (also referred to as gating definitions). We used a large set of such gating definitions and corresponding cell types submitted by different investigators into ImmPort, a central database for immunology studies, to examine the ability to parse gating definitions using terms from the Protein Ontology (PRO) and cell type descriptions, using the Cell Ontology (CL). We then used logical axioms from CL to detect discrepancies between the two. Conclusions We suggest adoption of our proposed format for describing gating and cell type definitions to make comparisons easier. We also suggest a number of new terms to describe gating definitions in flow cytometry that are not based on molecular markers captured in PRO, but on forward- and side-scatter of light during data acquisition, which is more appropriate to capture in the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). Finally, our approach results in suggestions on what logical axioms and new cell types could be considered for addition to the Cell Ontology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randi Vita
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Dunn
- ImmPort Curation Team, NG Health Solutions, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Julie G Burel
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kei-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander D Diehl
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division for Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Vita R, Overton JA, Mungall CJ, Sette A, Peters B. FAIR principles and the IEDB: short-term improvements and a long-term vision of OBO-foundry mediated machine-actionable interoperability. Database (Oxford) 2018; 2018:4877121. [PMID: 29688354 PMCID: PMC5819722 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), at www.iedb.org, has the mission to make published experimental data relating to the recognition of immune epitopes easily available to the scientific public. By presenting curated data in a searchable database, we have liberated it from the tables and figures of journal articles, making it more accessible and usable by immunologists. Recently, the principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability have been formulated as goals that data repositories should meet to enhance the usefulness of their data holdings. We here examine how the IEDB complies with these principles and identify broad areas of success, but also areas for improvement. We describe short-term improvements to the IEDB that are being implemented now, as well as a long-term vision of true 'machine-actionable interoperability', which we believe will require community agreement on standardization of knowledge representation that can be built on top of the shared use of ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery and Center for Emerging Diseases and Biodefense, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Overton
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery and Center for Emerging Diseases and Biodefense, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher J Mungall
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery and Center for Emerging Diseases and Biodefense, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery and Center for Emerging Diseases and Biodefense, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Vita R, Overton JA, Peters B. Identification of errors in the IEDB using ontologies. Database (Oxford) 2018; 2018:4904119. [PMID: 29688357 PMCID: PMC5824775 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is a free online resource that has manually curated over 18 500 references from the scientific literature. Our database presents experimental data relating to the recognition of immune epitopes by the adaptive immune system in a structured, searchable manner. In order to be consistent and accurate in our data representation across many different journals, authors and curators, we have implemented several quality control measures, such as curation rules, controlled vocabularies and links to external ontologies and other resources. Ontologies and other resources have greatly benefited the IEDB through improved search interfaces, easier curation practices, interoperability between the IEDB and other databases and the identification of errors within our dataset. Here, we will elaborate on how ontology mapping and usage can be used to find and correct errors in a manually curated database. Database URL: www.iedb.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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He Y, Xiang Z, Zheng J, Lin Y, Overton JA, Ong E. The eXtensible ontology development (XOD) principles and tool implementation to support ontology interoperability. J Biomed Semantics 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29329592 PMCID: PMC5765662 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-017-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ontologies are critical to data/metadata and knowledge standardization, sharing, and analysis. With hundreds of biological and biomedical ontologies developed, it has become critical to ensure ontology interoperability and the usage of interoperable ontologies for standardized data representation and integration. The suite of web-based Ontoanimal tools (e.g., Ontofox, Ontorat, and Ontobee) support different aspects of extensible ontology development. By summarizing the common features of Ontoanimal and other similar tools, we identified and proposed an “eXtensible Ontology Development” (XOD) strategy and its associated four principles. These XOD principles reuse existing terms and semantic relations from reliable ontologies, develop and apply well-established ontology design patterns (ODPs), and involve community efforts to support new ontology development, promoting standardized and interoperable data and knowledge representation and integration. The adoption of the XOD strategy, together with robust XOD tool development, will greatly support ontology interoperability and robust ontology applications to support data to be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (i.e., FAIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Zuoshuang Xiang
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Vita R, Overton JA, Sette A, Peters B. Better living through ontologies at the Immune Epitope Database. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:3074785. [PMID: 28365732 PMCID: PMC5467561 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) project incorporates independently developed ontologies and controlled vocabularies into its curation and search interface. This simplifies curation practices, improves the user query experience and facilitates interoperability between the IEDB and other resources. While the use of independently developed ontologies has long been recommended as a best practice, there continues to be a significant number of projects that develop their own vocabularies instead, or that do not fully utilize the power of ontologies that they are using. We describe how we use ontologies in the IEDB, providing a concrete example of the benefits of ontologies in practice. Database URL:www.iedb.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Overton
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Gurcan MN, Tomaszewski J, Overton JA, Doyle S, Ruttenberg A, Smith B. Developing the Quantitative Histopathology Image Ontology (QHIO): A case study using the hot spot detection problem. J Biomed Inform 2016; 66:129-135. [PMID: 28003147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interoperability across data sets is a key challenge for quantitative histopathological imaging. There is a need for an ontology that can support effective merging of pathological image data with associated clinical and demographic data. To foster organized, cross-disciplinary, information-driven collaborations in the pathological imaging field, we propose to develop an ontology to represent imaging data and methods used in pathological imaging and analysis, and call it Quantitative Histopathological Imaging Ontology - QHIO. We apply QHIO to breast cancer hot-spot detection with the goal of enhancing reliability of detection by promoting the sharing of data between image analysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin N Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - John Tomaszewski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | - Scott Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Alan Ruttenberg
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14214, USA
| | - Barry Smith
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Bandrowski A, Brinkman R, Brochhausen M, Brush MH, Bug B, Chibucos MC, Clancy K, Courtot M, Derom D, Dumontier M, Fan L, Fostel J, Fragoso G, Gibson F, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Haendel MA, He Y, Heiskanen M, Hernandez-Boussard T, Jensen M, Lin Y, Lister AL, Lord P, Malone J, Manduchi E, McGee M, Morrison N, Overton JA, Parkinson H, Peters B, Rocca-Serra P, Ruttenberg A, Sansone SA, Scheuermann RH, Schober D, Smith B, Soldatova LN, Stoeckert CJ, Taylor CF, Torniai C, Turner JA, Vita R, Whetzel PL, Zheng J. The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154556. [PMID: 27128319 PMCID: PMC4851331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource (http://obi-ontology.org) providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. The current release of OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bandrowski
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Brinkman
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mathias Brochhausen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Brush
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bill Bug
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marcus C. Chibucos
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Clancy
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | | | - Dirk Derom
- The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Dumontier
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Liju Fan
- Ontology Workshop, LLC, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Fostel
- National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gilberto Fragoso
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank Gibson
- Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yongqun He
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mervi Heiskanen
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Mark Jensen
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Lin
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Phillip Lord
- Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - James Malone
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monnie McGee
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Norman Morrison
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Overton
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Alan Ruttenberg
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Daniel Schober
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Barry Smith
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Chris F. Taylor
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Torniai
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia L. Whetzel
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Oberkampf H, Zillner S, Overton JA, Bauer B, Cavallaro A, Uder M, Hammon M. Semantic representation of reported measurements in radiology. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26801764 PMCID: PMC4722630 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-016-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In radiology, a vast amount of diverse data is generated, and unstructured reporting is standard. Hence, much useful information is trapped in free-text form, and often lost in translation and transmission. One relevant source of free-text data consists of reports covering the assessment of changes in tumor burden, which are needed for the evaluation of cancer treatment success. Any change of lesion size is a critical factor in follow-up examinations. It is difficult to retrieve specific information from unstructured reports and to compare them over time. Therefore, a prototype was implemented that demonstrates the structured representation of findings, allowing selective review in consecutive examinations and thus more efficient comparison over time. Methods We developed a semantic Model for Clinical Information (MCI) based on existing ontologies from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) library. MCI is used for the integrated representation of measured image findings and medical knowledge about the normal size of anatomical entities. An integrated view of the radiology findings is realized by a prototype implementation of a ReportViewer. Further, RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) guidelines are implemented by SPARQL queries on MCI. The evaluation is based on two data sets of German radiology reports: An oncologic data set consisting of 2584 reports on 377 lymphoma patients and a mixed data set consisting of 6007 reports on diverse medical and surgical patients. All measurement findings were automatically classified as abnormal/normal using formalized medical background knowledge, i.e., knowledge that has been encoded into an ontology. A radiologist evaluated 813 classifications as correct or incorrect. All unclassified findings were evaluated as incorrect. Results The proposed approach allows the automatic classification of findings with an accuracy of 96.4 % for oncologic reports and 92.9 % for mixed reports. The ReportViewer permits efficient comparison of measured findings from consecutive examinations. The implementation of RECIST guidelines with SPARQL enhances the quality of the selection and comparison of target lesions as well as the corresponding treatment response evaluation. Conclusions The developed MCI enables an accurate integrated representation of reported measurements and medical knowledge. Thus, measurements can be automatically classified and integrated in different decision processes. The structured representation is suitable for improved integration of clinical findings during decision-making. The proposed ReportViewer provides a longitudinal overview of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Oberkampf
- Department of Computer Science, Software Methodologies for Distributed Systems, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 6a, 86159, Augsburg, Germany. .,Corporate Technology, Siemens AG, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739, Münech, Germany.
| | - Sonja Zillner
- Corporate Technology, Siemens AG, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739, Münech, Germany. .,School of International Business and Entrepreneurship, Steinbeis University, Kalkofenstraße 53, 71083, Herrenberg, Germany.
| | | | - Bernhard Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, Software Methodologies for Distributed Systems, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 6a, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Cavallaro
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hammon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Vita R, Overton JA, Seymour E, Sidney J, Kaufman J, Tallmadge RL, Ellis S, Hammond J, Butcher GW, Sette A, Peters B. An ontology for major histocompatibility restriction. J Biomed Semantics 2016; 7:1. [PMID: 26759709 PMCID: PMC4709943 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-016-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MHC molecules are a highly diverse family of proteins that play a key role in cellular immune recognition. Over time, different techniques and terminologies have been developed to identify the specific type(s) of MHC molecule involved in a specific immune recognition context. No consistent nomenclature exists across different vertebrate species. PURPOSE To correctly represent MHC related data in The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), we built upon a previously established MHC ontology and created an ontology to represent MHC molecules as they relate to immunological experiments. DESCRIPTION This ontology models MHC protein chains from 16 species, deals with different approaches used to identify MHC, such as direct sequencing verses serotyping, relates engineered MHC molecules to naturally occurring ones, connects genetic loci, alleles, protein chains and multi-chain proteins, and establishes evidence codes for MHC restriction. Where available, this work is based on existing ontologies from the OBO foundry. CONCLUSIONS Overall, representing MHC molecules provides a challenging and practically important test case for ontology building, and could serve as an example of how to integrate other ontology building efforts into web resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
| | - James A Overton
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
| | - Emily Seymour
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
| | - Jim Kaufman
- University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
| | - Rebecca L Tallmadge
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401 USA
| | - Shirley Ellis
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Woking, GU24 0NF UK
| | - John Hammond
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Woking, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037 USA
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Vita R, Overton JA, Greenbaum JA, Ponomarenko J, Clark JD, Cantrell JR, Wheeler DK, Gabbard JL, Hix D, Sette A, Peters B. The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D405-12. [PMID: 25300482 PMCID: PMC4384014 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The IEDB, www.iedb.org, contains information on immune epitopes—the molecular targets of adaptive immune responses—curated from the published literature and submitted by National Institutes of Health funded epitope discovery efforts. From 2004 to 2012 the IEDB curation of journal articles published since 1960 has caught up to the present day, with >95% of relevant published literature manually curated amounting to more than 15 000 journal articles and more than 704 000 experiments to date. The revised curation target since 2012 has been to make recent research findings quickly available in the IEDB and thereby ensure that it continues to be an up-to-date resource. Having gathered a comprehensive dataset in the IEDB, a complete redesign of the query and reporting interface has been performed in the IEDB 3.0 release to improve how end users can access this information in an intuitive and biologically accurate manner. We here present this most recent release of the IEDB and describe the user testing procedures as well as the use of external ontologies that have enabled it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, 9420 Athena Circle, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, 9420 Athena Circle, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph L Gabbard
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Deborah Hix
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, 9420 Athena Circle, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, 9420 Athena Circle, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Ontologies categorize entities, express relationships between them, and provide standardized definitions. Thus, they can be used to present and enforce the specific relationships between database components. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB, http://www.iedb.org) utilizes the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) and several additional ontologies to represent immune epitope mapping experiments. Here, we describe our experiences utilizing this representation in order to provide enhanced database search functionality. We applied a simple approach to incorporate the benefits of the information captured in a formal ontology directly into the user web interface, resulting in an improved user experience with minimal changes to the database itself. The integration is easy to maintain, provides standardized terms and definitions, and allows for subsumption queries. In addition to these immediate benefits, our long-term goal is to enable true semantic integration of data and knowledge in the biomedical domain. We describe our progress towards that goal and what we perceive as the main obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vita
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Maddrell SH, Whittembury G, Mooney RL, Harrison JB, Overton JA, Rodriguez B. The fate of calcium in the diet of Rhodnius prolixus: storage in concretion bodies in the Malpighian tubules. J Exp Biol 1991; 157:483-502. [PMID: 2061707 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.157.1.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the fate of the large amounts of calcium ingested by Rhodnius prolixus in its meals of blood. 45Ca2+ injected into the haemolymph or fed to fifth-stage Rhodnius reared on rabbits is accumulated at high concentrations in the cells of the upper Malpighian tubules; very little is excreted from the body This 45Ca2+ accumulation goes on continuously for at least 12 days and the rate of uptake is increased several-fold within 3–4 days of a meal. The extent of calcium accumulation in tubule cells is correlated with the presence of intracellular membrane-bound concretion bodies, which are therefore likely sites of calcium deposition. X-ray diffraction showed that the calcium deposits are non-crystalline. Tubules from rabbit-fed fifth-stage Rhodnius contain 410 mmol l-1 calcium; in those from chicken-fed insects the calcium concentration is over 1 mol l-1; and in those fed in vitro on heparinised low-K+ sheep blood the calcium concentration is only 21 mmol l-1. The concentration of calcium in the haemolymph in all these insects was 8 mmol l-1 and its activity determined by an ion-selective electrode was 2.5 mmol l-1. 45Ca2+ deposited in the tubules is readily exchangeable, but the efflux preferentially passes to the haemolymph side of the tubule epithelium. The ability to sequester calcium in the Malpighian tubules may prevent calcium from interfering with reabsorptive processes in the rectum.
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Abstract
Bioassays of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in fifth-instar Rhodnius prolixus haemolymph using Calliphora salivary glands indicate that: (1) biologically active 5-HT is present, (2) in unfed animals there is not enough 5-HT to stimulate Malpighian tubule fluid secretion, and (3) there is enough 5-HT soon after the initiation of feeding to stimulate rapid tubule secretion. The 5-HT receptor antagonists ketanserin and spiperone reversibly and selectively inhibit 5-HT-induced fluid secretion, indicating the presence of specific 5-HT receptors on Rhodnius Malpighian tubules. The data provide evidence that 5-HT is a naturally occurring hormone acting with a previously described peptide hormone to regulate diuresis in this species.
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Maddrell SH, Overton JA, Ellar DJ, Knowles BH. Action of activated 27,000 Mr toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on Malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus. J Cell Sci 1989; 94 ( Pt 3):601-8. [PMID: 2632587 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.94.3.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of activated 27,000 Mr toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti toxin) on Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus has been investigated. Its binding to the tubules is slowed by low temperature but is not prevented even at 0 degree C. The binding is less effective at pH 10 than at pH7. Pretreatment of the tubules with 0.1 mmol l-1 ouabain or bumetanide or 1 mumol l-1 5-hydroxytryptamine did not affect the toxicity of the toxin. The toxin causes very large changes in the trans-epithelial potential difference; it changes from 40 mV, lumen negative, often to more than 100 mV, lumen positive. This reflects an initial collapse of the potential of the basal cell membrane, followed by a large positive-going potential change at the luminal cell membrane. Just prior to the effects of the toxin on rapid fluid secretion, the basal cell membrane becomes permeable to sucrose molecules. Raffinose at 170 mmol l-1 in the bathing solution does not protect the tubules from Bti toxin action but dextran, Mr5000, at 60 mmol l-1 significantly delayed failure of fluid secretion and, even more, the onset of staining of the tubule cells with Trypan Blue. Exposing tubules to saline that is calcium-free and/or magnesium-free, or has a composition adjusted to be similar to that of the intracellular milieu, does not affect the time course of failure of fluid secretion induced by the toxin. There is no evidence that effective aggregates of Bti toxin molecules are formed in concentrated solutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Maddrell
- AFRC Unit of Insect Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, England
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Abstract
Ouabain, at all concentrations higher than 2 × 10(−7) mol l-1, stimulates the rate at which the Malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius, transport sodium ions and fluid into the lumen. An effect on paracellular movement of sodium ions is unlikely because ouabain makes the electrical potential of the lumen more positive, which would slow diffusion of sodium into the lumen. Radioactive ouabain binds to the haemolymph-facing sides of the tubule cells but not to the luminal face. This binding is reduced in the presence of elevated levels of potassium or of non-radioactive ouabain. Bound ouabain is only slowly released on washing in ouabain-free saline. The evidence suggests that there is a Na+/K+-ATPase on the outer (serosal) membranes of the tubules. Such a pump would transport sodium in a direction opposed to the flow of ions and water involved in fluid transport; poisoning it with ouabain would remove this brake, and fluid flow and sodium transport would increase, as observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Maddrell
- AFRC Unit of Insect Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, England
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Maddrell SH, Lane NJ, Harrison JB, Overton JA, Moreton RB. The initial stages in the action of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the epithelial cells of the malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus. J Cell Sci 1988; 90 ( Pt 1):131-44. [PMID: 3198707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.90.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the 27 X 10(3) Mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis have been studied using, as a model system, isolated insect Malpighian tubules. At all concentrations of the toxin higher than 1 microgram ml-1 (4 X 10(−8) moll-1) applied to the outer surface of the tubules, fluid secretion failed within about 30 min. Except at very high concentrations, where failure always takes at least 30 s, there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of toxin and the time of failure of toxin-treated tubules. During exposure to toxin, the tubules were initially unaffected for a relatively long period and then rapid failure occurred. If the tubules were removed into toxin-free saline just before failure would have occurred, fluid secretion remained normal for at least 2 h, but on return to the origin toxin-containing saline failure was almost immediate. The toxin was found not to bind to the basement membrane. Ultrastructural changes became evident as tubule failure occurred. These initially involved modifications to the basal side of the cells, but later also to the luminal microvilli. Intercellular junctions became disassociated and cytoplasmic vacuolization occurred. The population of intramembranous particles in the basal membranes became reduced with time. Our findings suggest the following hypothesis for the initial stages in the interaction of the toxin with the tubules. Toxin molecules attach to the accessible cell membranes progressively and irreversibly. They do not readily associate by diffusing laterally in the membrane, so that toxic effects develop only when sufficiently large numbers of them attach close together. The molecules may then associate in some way as a complex, perhaps forming a pore in the membrane. Relatively few such pores lead rapidly to cell failure and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Maddrell
- AFRC Unit of Insect Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, England
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Maddrell SH, Overton JA. Maintenance of function in single epithelial cells spatially isolated from similar cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1985; 90:409-14. [PMID: 3834037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have found in an insect tissue, the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius, instances of single epithelial cells which, as the result of a possible error in development, lie within the epithelium some distance from the main population of similar cells. This spatial separation makes it possible to measure the transport abilities of these cells. Their transport abilities were found to be the same as the cells in the main population. This finding shows that the maintenance of function in individual cells of epithelial tissues may not depend on direct contact with other similar cells.
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