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Turer R, Champion J, Rothman B, Dunn H, Jenkins K, Evernham O, Barrett T, Jones I, Miller N. 69 Improving Critical Care Documentation in an Academic Emergency Department via Point-of-Documentation Decision Support. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Unni DR, Moxon SAT, Bada M, Brush M, Bruskiewich R, Caufield JH, Clemons PA, Dancik V, Dumontier M, Fecho K, Glusman G, Hadlock JJ, Harris NL, Joshi A, Putman T, Qin G, Ramsey SA, Shefchek KA, Solbrig H, Soman K, Thessen AE, Haendel MA, Bizon C, Mungall CJ, Acevedo L, Ahalt SC, Alden J, Alkanaq A, Amin N, Avila R, Balhoff J, Baranzini SE, Baumgartner A, Baumgartner W, Belhu B, Brandes M, Brandon N, Burtt N, Byrd W, Callaghan J, Cano MA, Carrell S, Celebi R, Champion J, Chen Z, Chen M, Chung L, Cohen K, Conlin T, Corkill D, Costanzo M, Cox S, Crouse A, Crowder C, Crumbley ME, Dai C, Dančík V, De Miranda Azevedo R, Deutsch E, Dougherty J, Duby MP, Duvvuri V, Edwards S, Emonet V, Fehrmann N, Flannick J, Foksinska AM, Gardner V, Gatica E, Glen A, Goel P, Gormley J, Greyber A, Haaland P, Hanspers K, He K, He K, Henrickson J, Hinderer EW, Hoatlin M, Hoffman A, Huang S, Huang C, Hubal R, Huellas‐Bruskiewicz K, Huls FB, Hunter L, Hyde G, Issabekova T, Jarrell M, Jenkins L, Johs A, Kang J, Kanwar R, Kebede Y, Kim KJ, Kluge A, Knowles M, Koesterer R, Korn D, Koslicki D, Krishnamurthy A, Kvarfordt L, Lee J, Leigh M, Lin J, Liu Z, Liu S, Ma C, Magis A, Mamidi T, Mandal M, Mantilla M, Massung J, Mauldin D, McClelland J, McMurry J, Mease P, Mendoza L, Mersmann M, Mesbah A, Might M, Morton K, Muller S, Muluka AT, Osborne J, Owen P, Patton M, Peden DB, Peene RC, Persaud B, Pfaff E, Pico A, Pollard E, Price G, Raj S, Reilly J, Riutta A, Roach J, Roper RT, Rosenblatt G, Rubin I, Rucka S, Rudavsky‐Brody N, Sakaguchi R, Santos E, Schaper K, Schmitt CP, Schurman S, Scott E, Seitanakis S, Sharma P, Shmulevich I, Shrestha M, Shrivastava S, Sinha M, Smith B, Southall N, Southern N, Stillwell L, Strasser M"M, Su AI, Ta C, Thessen AE, Tinglin J, Tonstad L, Tran‐Nguyen T, Tropsha A, Vaidya G, Veenhuis L, Viola A, Grotthuss M, Wang M, Wang P, Watkins PB, Weber R, Wei Q, Weng C, Whitlock J, Williams MD, Williams A, Womack F, Wood E, Wu C, Xin JK, Xu H, Xu C, Yakaboski C, Yao Y, Yi H, Yilmaz A, Zheng M, Zhou X, Zhou E, Zhu Q, Zisk T. Biolink Model: A universal schema for knowledge graphs in clinical, biomedical, and translational science. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1848-1855. [PMID: 36125173 PMCID: PMC9372416 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within clinical, biomedical, and translational science, an increasing number of projects are adopting graphs for knowledge representation. Graph‐based data models elucidate the interconnectedness among core biomedical concepts, enable data structures to be easily updated, and support intuitive queries, visualizations, and inference algorithms. However, knowledge discovery across these “knowledge graphs” (KGs) has remained difficult. Data set heterogeneity and complexity; the proliferation of ad hoc data formats; poor compliance with guidelines on findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability; and, in particular, the lack of a universally accepted, open‐access model for standardization across biomedical KGs has left the task of reconciling data sources to downstream consumers. Biolink Model is an open‐source data model that can be used to formalize the relationships between data structures in translational science. It incorporates object‐oriented classification and graph‐oriented features. The core of the model is a set of hierarchical, interconnected classes (or categories) and relationships between them (or predicates) representing biomedical entities such as gene, disease, chemical, anatomic structure, and phenotype. The model provides class and edge attributes and associations that guide how entities should relate to one another. Here, we highlight the need for a standardized data model for KGs, describe Biolink Model, and compare it with other models. We demonstrate the utility of Biolink Model in various initiatives, including the Biomedical Data Translator Consortium and the Monarch Initiative, and show how it has supported easier integration and interoperability of biomedical KGs, bringing together knowledge from multiple sources and helping to realize the goals of translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Unni
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Sierra A. T. Moxon
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Michael Bada
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Matthew Brush
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | | | - J. Harry Caufield
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Vlado Dancik
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Michel Dumontier
- Institute of Data Science Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | | | - Nomi L. Harris
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Arpita Joshi
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle Washington USA
| | - Tim Putman
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Guangrong Qin
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle Washington USA
| | - Stephen A. Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Kent A. Shefchek
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | | | - Karthik Soman
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Anne E. Thessen
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Center for Health AI University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Chris Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher J. Mungall
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
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Borland D, Brain I, Fecho K, Pfaff E, Xu H, Champion J, Bizon C, Gotz D. Enabling Longitudinal Exploratory Analysis of Clinical COVID Data. ArXiv 2021:2108.11476. [PMID: 34462722 PMCID: PMC8404905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the world, data is being gathered and analyzed to better understand the disease. Recognizing the potential for visual analytics technologies to support exploratory analysis and hypothesis generation from longitudinal clinical data, a team of collaborators worked to apply existing event sequence visual analytics technologies to a longitudinal clinical data from a cohort of 998 patients with high rates of COVID-19 infection. This paper describes the initial steps toward this goal, including: (1) the data transformation and processing work required to prepare the data for visual analysis, (2) initial findings and observations, and (3) qualitative feedback and lessons learned which highlight key features as well as limitations to address in future work.
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Fecho K, Pfaff E, Xu H, Champion J, Cox S, Stillwell L, Peden DB, Bizon C, Krishnamurthy A, Tropsha A, Ahalt SC. A novel approach for exposing and sharing clinical data: the Translator Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 26:1064-1073. [PMID: 31077269 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a novel, regulatory-compliant approach for openly exposing integrated clinical and environmental exposures data: the Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service (ICEES). MATERIALS AND METHODS The driving clinical use case for research and development of ICEES was asthma, which is a common disease influenced by hundreds of genes and a plethora of environmental exposures, including exposures to airborne pollutants. We developed a pipeline for integrating clinical data on patients with asthma-like conditions with data on environmental exposures derived from multiple public data sources. The data were integrated at the patient and visit level and used to create de-identified, binned, "integrated feature tables," which were then placed behind an OpenAPI. RESULTS Our preliminary evaluation results demonstrate a relationship between exposure to high levels of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and the frequency of emergency department or inpatient visits for respiratory issues. For example, 16.73% of patients with average daily exposure to PM2.5 >9.62 µg/m3 experienced 2 or more emergency department or inpatient visits for respiratory issues in year 2010 compared with 7.93% of patients with lower exposures (n = 23 093). DISCUSSION The results validated our overall approach for openly exposing and sharing integrated clinical and environmental exposures data. We plan to iteratively refine and expand ICEES by including additional years of data, feature variables, and disease cohorts. CONCLUSIONS We believe that ICEES will serve as a regulatory-compliant model and approach for promoting open access to and sharing of integrated clinical and environmental exposures data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steve Cox
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Stillwell
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Peden
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chris Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashok Krishnamurthy
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanley C Ahalt
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Xu H, Cox S, Stillwell L, Pfaff E, Champion J, Ahalt SC, Fecho K. FHIR PIT: an open software application for spatiotemporal integration of clinical data and environmental exposures data. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32160884 PMCID: PMC7066811 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-1056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informatics tools to support the integration and subsequent interrogation of spatiotemporal data such as clinical data and environmental exposures data are lacking. Such tools are needed to support research in environmental health and any biomedical field that is challenged by the need for integrated spatiotemporal data to examine individual-level determinants of health and disease. RESULTS We have developed an open-source software application-FHIR PIT (Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Patient data Integration Tool)-to enable studies on the impact of individual-level environmental exposures on health and disease. FHIR PIT was motivated by the need to integrate patient data derived from our institution's clinical warehouse with a variety of public data sources on environmental exposures and then openly expose the data via ICEES (Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service). FHIR PIT consists of transformation steps or building blocks that can be chained together to form a transformation and integration workflow. Several transformation steps are generic and thus can be reused. As such, new types of data can be incorporated into the modular FHIR PIT pipeline by simply reusing generic steps or adding new ones. We validated FHIR PIT in the context of a driving use case designed to investigate the impact of airborne pollutant exposures on asthma. Specifically, we replicated published findings demonstrating racial disparities in the impact of airborne pollutants on asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS While FHIR PIT was developed to support our driving use case on asthma, the software can be used to integrate any type and number of spatiotemporal data sources at a level of granularity that enables individual-level study. We expect FHIR PIT to facilitate research in environmental health and numerous other biomedical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27517, USA
| | - Steven Cox
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27517, USA
| | - Lisa Stillwell
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27517, USA
| | - Emily Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Stanley C Ahalt
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27517, USA.,North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27517, USA.
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Li Q, Wang Q, Xu W, Ma Y, Wang Q, Eatman D, You S, Zou J, Champion J, Zhao L, Cui Y, Li W, Deng Y, Ma L, Wu B, Wang G, Zhang X, Wang Q, Bayorh MA, Song Q. C-Reactive Protein Causes Adult-Onset Obesity Through Chronic Inflammatory Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:18. [PMID: 32154244 PMCID: PMC7044181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation. As an acute-phase reactant to inflammation and infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to be the strongest factor associated with obesity. Here we show that chronic elevation of human CRP at baseline level causes the obesity. The obesity phenotype is confirmed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which the total fat mass is 6- to 9- fold higher in the CRP rats than the control rats. Univariate linear regression analysis showed different growth rates between the CRP rats and the control rats, and that the difference appears around 11 weeks old, indicating that they developed adult-onset obesity. We also found that chronic elevation of CRP can prime molecular changes broadly in the innate immune system, energy expenditure systems, thyroid hormones, apolipoproteins, and gut flora. Our data established a causal role of CRP elevation in the development of adult-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yamin Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danita Eatman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shaojin You
- Histo-Pathology Core, Atlanta Research & Educational Foundation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Jin Zou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Champion
- Center for Laboratory Animal Resources, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lanbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yangyang Deng
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes Imaging Center MRI Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed A Bayorh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Fecho K, Ahalt SC, Arunachalam S, Champion J, Chute CG, Davis S, Gersing K, Glusman G, Hadlock J, Lee J, Pfaff E, Robinson M, Sid E, Ta C, Xu H, Zhu R, Zhu Q, Peden DB. Sex, obesity, diabetes, and exposure to particulate matter among patients with severe asthma: Scientific insights from a comparative analysis of open clinical data sources during a five-day hackathon. J Biomed Inform 2019; 100:103325. [PMID: 31676459 PMCID: PMC6953386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This special communication describes activities, products, and lessons learned from a recent hackathon that was funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences via the Biomedical Data Translator program ('Translator'). Specifically, Translator team members self-organized and worked together to conceptualize and execute, over a five-day period, a multi-institutional clinical research study that aimed to examine, using open clinical data sources, relationships between sex, obesity, diabetes, and exposure to airborne fine particulate matter among patients with severe asthma. The goal was to develop a proof of concept that this new model of collaboration and data sharing could effectively produce meaningful scientific results and generate new scientific hypotheses. Three Translator Clinical Knowledge Sources, each of which provides open access (via Application Programming Interfaces) to data derived from the electronic health record systems of major academic institutions, served as the source of study data. Jupyter Python notebooks, shared in GitHub repositories, were used to call the knowledge sources and analyze and integrate the results. The results replicated established or suspected relationships between sex, obesity, diabetes, exposure to airborne fine particulate matter, and severe asthma. In addition, the results demonstrated specific differences across the three Translator Clinical Knowledge Sources, suggesting cohort- and/or environment-specific factors related to the services themselves or the catchment area from which each service derives patient data. Collectively, this special communication demonstrates the power and utility of intense, team-oriented hackathons and offers general technical, organizational, and scientific lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Stanley C Ahalt
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saravanan Arunachalam
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sarah Davis
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Gersing
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jewel Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric Sid
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey Ta
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard Zhu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Peden
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Martin A, Landesman C, Lépinay A, Roux C, Champion J, Chardon P, Montavon G. Flow period influence on uranium and trace elements release in water from the waste rock pile of the former La Commanderie uranium mine (France). J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106010. [PMID: 31302578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uranium mining activities expose uranium ore and mine tailings to the surface environment, where the release of radionuclides is facilitated by weathering at rates exceeding those typically found in nature. Therefore, close to former uranium mining sites, radionuclides and especially uranium concentrations in water may surpass local background levels. The methodology proposed herein, entails coupling, gamma-ray mapping, water sampling and chemical analyses including DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film) measurements, provides new insights into describing the environment of the La Commanderie site (France). Gamma-ray mapping allows identifying water seepage, output from a waste rock pile, as a potential pathway for radionuclides into the environment. Water seepage monitoring has shown: a low pH value (4.2), high sulfate content (179 mg.L-1) and high uranium concentrations of up to 436 μg.L-1. These recordings indicate that an acid mining drainage (AMD) process is occurring inside or under the oxidized parts of the waste rock pile. Monitoring data over three flow periods revealed the release of the highest uranium concentrations during a high-flow period downstream of the site, which is compliant with local regulations. The AMD process is also responsible for the release of significant amounts of Fe, Mn and As within the immediate environment in both dissolved and particulate forms. Changes in dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential during low flow periods, modify the speciation of Fe (in AMD waters) which acts as a scavenger for other elements such as As, Mn and U. The use of DGT under environmental conditions, and specifically AMD waters, seems to be relevant in comparison to filtered spot water sampling strategies. Moreover, based on DGT measurements, the dissolved part of the released uranium is considered as labile with concentrations above the environmental standards for freshwater organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martin
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457 (IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - C Landesman
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457 (IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France.
| | - A Lépinay
- Université de Nantes/OSUNA, UMR 3281, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - C Roux
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457 (IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - J Champion
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457 (IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - P Chardon
- LPC, UMR 6533 (IN2P3/CNRS/Université Clermont Auvergne), 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal TSA60026, CS60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - G Montavon
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457 (IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
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Pfaff ER, Champion J, Bradford RL, Clark M, Xu H, Fecho K, Krishnamurthy A, Cox S, Chute CG, Overby Taylor C, Ahalt S. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a Meta Model to Integrate Common Data Models: Development of a Tool and Quantitative Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2019; 7:e15199. [PMID: 31621639 PMCID: PMC6913576 DOI: 10.2196/15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a multisite clinical research collaboration, institutions may or may not use the same common data model (CDM) to store clinical data. To overcome this challenge, we proposed to use Health Level 7’s Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a meta-CDM—a single standard to represent clinical data. Objective In this study, we aimed to create an open-source application termed the Clinical Asset Mapping Program for FHIR (CAMP FHIR) to efficiently transform clinical data to FHIR for supporting source-agnostic CDM-to-FHIR mapping. Methods Mapping with CAMP FHIR involves (1) mapping each source variable to its corresponding FHIR element and (2) mapping each item in the source data’s value sets to the corresponding FHIR value set item for variables with strict value sets. To date, CAMP FHIR has been used to transform 108 variables from the Informatics for Integrating Biology & the Bedside (i2b2) and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network data models to fields across 7 FHIR resources. It is designed to allow input from any source data model and will support additional FHIR resources in the future. Results We have used CAMP FHIR to transform data on approximately 23,000 patients with asthma from our institution’s i2b2 database. Data quality and integrity were validated against the origin point of the data, our enterprise clinical data warehouse. Conclusions We believe that CAMP FHIR can serve as an alternative to implementing new CDMs on a project-by-project basis. Moreover, the use of FHIR as a CDM could support rare data sharing opportunities, such as collaborations between academic medical centers and community hospitals. We anticipate adoption and use of CAMP FHIR to foster sharing of clinical data across institutions for downstream applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rose Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert Louis Bradford
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marshall Clark
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashok Krishnamurthy
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Steven Cox
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Stan Ahalt
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Zhang XA, Yates A, Vasilevsky N, Gourdine JP, Callahan TJ, Carmody LC, Danis D, Joachimiak MP, Ravanmehr V, Pfaff ER, Champion J, Robasky K, Xu H, Fecho K, Walton NA, Zhu RL, Ramsdill J, Mungall CJ, Köhler S, Haendel MA, McDonald CJ, Vreeman DJ, Peden DB, Bennett TD, Feinstein JA, Martin B, Stefanski AL, Hunter LE, Chute CG, Robinson PN. Semantic integration of clinical laboratory tests from electronic health records for deep phenotyping and biomarker discovery. NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2:32. [PMID: 31119199 PMCID: PMC6527418 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems typically define laboratory test results using the Laboratory Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) and can transmit them using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) standards. LOINC has not yet been semantically integrated with computational resources for phenotype analysis. Here, we provide a method for mapping LOINC-encoded laboratory test results transmitted in FHIR standards to Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms. We annotated the medical implications of 2923 commonly used laboratory tests with HPO terms. Using these annotations, our software assesses laboratory test results and converts each result into an HPO term. We validated our approach with EHR data from 15,681 patients with respiratory complaints and identified known biomarkers for asthma. Finally, we provide a freely available SMART on FHIR application that can be used within EHR systems. Our approach allows readily available laboratory tests in EHR to be reused for deep phenotyping and exploits the hierarchical structure of HPO to integrate distinct tests that have comparable medical interpretations for association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Yates
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Nicole Vasilevsky
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - J. P. Gourdine
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Library, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Tiffany J. Callahan
- Computational Bioscience Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Leigh C. Carmody
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington CT, 06032 USA
| | - Daniel Danis
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington CT, 06032 USA
| | - Marcin P. Joachimiak
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Vida Ravanmehr
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington CT, 06032 USA
| | - Emily R. Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Kimberly Robasky
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Genetics Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- School of Information and Library Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Nephi A. Walton
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822 USA
| | - Richard L. Zhu
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Justin Ramsdill
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Christopher J. Mungall
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117 Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, 10117 Germany
| | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Linus Pauling Institute and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Clement J. McDonald
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Daniel J. Vreeman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - David B. Peden
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- University of North Carolina Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Tellen D. Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - James A. Feinstein
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Blake Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Adrianne L. Stefanski
- Computational Bioscience Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Lawrence E. Hunter
- Computational Bioscience Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Christopher G. Chute
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Peter N. Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington CT, 06032 USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
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Xie B, Champion J, Kwak J, Fleischmann K. VALUES, PREFERENCES, AND MHEALTH IN THE DECISION MAKING OF RURAL CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Xie
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - J Champion
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin
| | - J Kwak
- University of Texas at Austin
| | - K Fleischmann
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin
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Champion J, Berné O, Vicente S, Kamp I, Le Petit F, Gusdorf A, Joblin C, Goicoechea JR. Herschel survey and modelling of externally-illuminated photoevaporating protoplanetary disks. Astron Astrophys 2017; 604:A69. [PMID: 29093599 PMCID: PMC5662148 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Protoplanetary disks undergo substantial mass-loss by photoevaporation, a mechanism which is crucial to their dynamical evolution. However, the processes regulating the gas energetics have not been well constrained by observations so far. AIMS We aim at studying the processes involved in disk photoevaporation when it is driven by far-UV photons (i.e. 6 < E < 13.6 eV). METHODS We present a unique Herschel survey and new ALMA observations of four externally-illuminated photoevaporating disks (a.k.a. proplyds). For the analysis of these data, we developed a 1D model of the photodissociation region (PDR) of a proplyd, based on the Meudon PDR code and we computed the far infrared line emission. RESULTS With this model, we successfully reproduce most of the observations and derive key physical parameters, i.e. densities at the disk surface of about 106 cm-3 and local gas temperatures of about 1000 K. Our modelling suggests that all studied disks are found in a transitional regime resulting from the interplay between several heating and cooling processes that we identify. These differ from those dominating in classical PDRs i.e. grain photo-electric effect and cooling by [OI] and [CII] FIR lines. This specific energetic regime is associated to an equilibrium dynamical point of the photoevaporation flow: the mass-loss rate is self-regulated to keep the envelope column density at a value that maintains the temperature at the disk surface around 1000 K. From the physical parameters derived from our best-fit models, we estimate mass-loss rates - of the order of 10-7 M⊙/yr - that are in agreement with earlier spectroscopic observation of ionised gas tracers. This holds only if we assume photoevaporation in the supercritical regime where the evaporation flow is launched from the disk surface at sound speed. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the energetic regime regulating FUV-photoevaporation in proplyds. This regime could be implemented into models of the dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Champion
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - O Berné
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Vicente
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (IA), Tapada da Ajuda - Edificio Leste - 2° Piso, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I Kamp
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Le Petit
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR8112, F-92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Gusdorf
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - C Joblin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J R Goicoechea
- Grupo de Astrofisica Molecular, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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Divin C, Volker D, Champion J, Angel J. HOPE AND HEALTH IN AGING MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN WITH A LIVED EXPERIENCE OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Divin
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - D. Volker
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - J. Champion
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - J.L. Angel
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Younes A, Alliot C, Mokili B, Deniaud D, Montavon G, Champion J. Solvent Extraction of Polonium(IV) with Tributylphosphate (TBP). Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2017.1279917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Younes
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C. Alliot
- GIP Arronax, Saint-Herblain, France
- Inserm U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie Nantes–Angers, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France
| | - B. Mokili
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- GIP Arronax, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - D. Deniaud
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
| | - G. Montavon
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Champion
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Affiliation(s)
- James Champion
- DuPont Teijin Films U.K. Limited, The Wilton Centre; Redcar TS10 4RF UK
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Kieran Looney
- DuPont Teijin Films U.K. Limited, The Wilton Centre; Redcar TS10 4RF UK
| | - Mark J.H. Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
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Sabatié-Gogova A, Champion J, Huclier S, Michel N, Pottier F, Galland N, Asfari Z, Chérel M, Montavon G. Characterization of At− species in simple and biological media by high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to gamma detector. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nijhawan A, Salloway R, Andrea S, Champion J, Seadale M, Chapin K, Clarke JG. S14.6 Prevalence and predictors of trichomonas infection in incarcerated women. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050102.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Champion J, Alliot C, Renault E, Mokili BM, Chérel M, Galland N, Montavon G. Astatine Standard Redox Potentials and Speciation in Acidic Medium. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:576-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9077008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Champion
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - C. Alliot
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - E. Renault
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - B. M. Mokili
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - M. Chérel
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - N. Galland
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - G. Montavon
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, IN2P3/CNRS/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France, Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, and INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Champion J, Alliot C, Huclier S, Deniaud D, Asfari Z, Montavon G. Determination of stability constants between complexing agents and At(I) and At(III) species present at ultra-trace concentrations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to report on the evaluation of an attitude scale for General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) and Dental Auxiliaries/Professionals Complementary to Dentistry (PCDs), to determine the reliability of the scale with these two groups and to note any inter-group differences. Seventy-four GDPs and 89 PCDs completed the self-administered questionnaires. The main outcome measures were reliability statistics, attitude scores, and factor analysis statistics. Reliability was satisfactory for both groups. PCDs scored consistently higher than GDPs on this attitude scale. Six factors were found to underlie the responses of GDPs, accounting for 62% of the variance. Seven factors were found to underlie the responses of PCDs, accounting for 65% of the variance. PCDs expressed more positive views about provision of care for patients with learning disabilities than did GDPs. Factor analysis revealed that GDPs were concerned about effectiveness of treatment and the stress related with treating patients with disabilities. PCDs appeared to be more concerned with the human rights of people with learning disabilities and how they fit into society.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Disability, Culture and Oral Health, National Centre for Transcultural Oral Health, Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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Du M, Bedi R, Guo L, Champion J, Fan M, Holt R. Oral health status of heroin users in a rehabilitation centre in Hubei province, China. Community Dent Health 2001; 18:94-8. [PMID: 11461065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the oral health of heroin users and to determine risk factors for oral health status. DESIGN All heroin users at one rehabilitation camp received an interview using a pre-tested questionnaire from one of three trained interviewers and a dental examination using World Health Organization recommended procedures from one of three calibrated dentists. SETTING Interviews and examinations were carried out at Hubei Province camp. PARTICIPANTS All 520 resident heroin users at the camp participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Oral hygiene expressed using the Debris Index; caries status by DMFT; periodontal status by percentage with bleeding, pocketing and calculus; mucosal status using standard World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS One hundred (19%) of the heroin users were caries free; their mean DMFT was 4.2. The majority (92%) of the DMFT was decay and only a small proportion (8%) was treatment related. The proportion of heroin users with bleeding, calculus, shallow pocketing and deep pocketing was 42%, 95%, 42% and 8% respectively. The mean Debris Index score was 3.2. Mucosal lesions were present in 31 subjects (6%). Using multivariate analysis, duration of heroin use and education were risk factors for DMFT, route of drug administration was a risk factor for calculus and gender was a risk factor for deep pocketing. CONCLUSIONS There are indications of poorer periodontal health as well as higher caries experience in this group when compared to provincial dental epidemiological data. Mucosal lesions were not widely prevalent. Both social factors and characteristics of drug use were related to oral health in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Du
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan City, PR China
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Du M, Bian Z, Guo L, Holt R, Champion J, Bedi R. Caries patterns and their relationship to infant feeding and socio-economic status in 2-4-year-old Chinese children. Int Dent J 2000; 50:385-9. [PMID: 11197198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence, severity and patterns of caries in 2-4-year-old children and to evaluate the association between caries experience of the children and their feeding patterns and socio-economic background in terms of mothers' education and family income. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Suburban area of Hanchuan in Hubei province, China. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 426 children (250 boys and 176 girls). METHODS Dental-examinations were undertaken in kindergartens using World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for dental caries. Mothers completed a short questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of caries; rampant caries; caries in incisors; caries in incisors and/or canines and molars; mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/s). RESULTS 36% of the children had caries, 7% had rampant caries. The more extensive pattern of caries involving primary molars as well as incisors and/or canines was seen in 12% of children. Children who had been wholly bottle-fed had five times the risk of having rampant caries compared to children who were breast-fed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that infant feeding practice might be a key risk factor for the development of caries at an early age in this country as elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Du
- National Centre for Transcultural Oral Health, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WCIX 8LD, UK
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Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine whether there are indications that hearing-impaired children experience difficulties in accessing dental care and/or in receiving dental treatment. METHOD The study was carried out by means of a questionnaire. Parents of 84 children contacted through the National Deaf Children's Society returned completed questionnaires. RESULTS Eighty-two children (98%) had visited a dentist. Nearly two-thirds (63%) were reported to have at least one problem in communication while receiving dental care, this increased significantly as the severity of the hearing impairment increased. Fifty-nine children (70%) reported having at least one problem in communication at the doctors'. Fifty-two (62%) reported that the dentist had worn a mask while communicating with the child and 48 (57%) that there had been background noise in the surgery during appointments. CONCLUSIONS Removing masks while talking, reducing background noise and learning to use simple signs may improve communication with hearing-impaired children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Champion
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Disability, Culture and Oral Health, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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27
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Champion J. Laser safety management. Br J Perioper Nurs 2000; 10:428-32. [PMID: 11261009 DOI: 10.1177/175045890001000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Since the first working laser was demonstrated in 1960 the laser has evolved from being viewed as a weapon, courtesy of the film industry, to its current position as a commonplace medical device within the healthcare industry. As perioperative staff we have become very familiar with the therapeutic use of this device. It is my experience however that, just occasionally, we are guilty of the old adage 'familiarity breeds contempt'. We must remember that the very same features which make lasers so useful in healthcare may also represent major health hazards to patients, staff and others.
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Abstract
Risk assessment is a process which involves identifying hazards in the workplace and assessing the risk of them causing harm (Croner's Health Service Risks 1997). This step by step approach to risk assessment should make the whole process seem less daunting and encourage active participation in this effective method of proactive risk management.
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29
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Abstract
Structural and geomorphic analysis of late Holocene sediments in the Lake County region of the New Madrid seismic zone indicates that they are deformed by fault-related folding above the blind Reelfoot thrust fault. The widths of narrow kink bands exposed in trenches were used to model the Reelfoot scarp as a forelimb on a fault-bend fold; this, coupled with the age of folded sediment, yields a slip rate on the blind thrust of 6.1 +/- 0.7 mm/year for the past 2300 +/- 100 years. An alternative method used structural relief across the scarp and the estimated dip of the underlying blind thrust to calculate a slip rate of 4.8 +/- 0.2 mm/year. Geometric relations suggest that the right lateral slip rate on the New Madrid seismic zone is 1.8 to 2.0 mm/year.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mueller
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0399, USA. Department of Geology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. William Lettis and Associates, 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, CA 945
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30
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Abstract
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea remain major causes of morbidity despite the availability of effective therapy. Because of the asymptomatic nature of many infections, particularly in women, active case finding is necessary to trace and offer screening and treatment to sexual contacts of those infected. Genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics provide investigation and treatment for a variety of sexual health problems but the proportion of infections treated outside these clinics is unknown. A questionnaire survey of general practitioners (GPs) was used to examine the prevalence and management of male urethritis in Scotland. Responses were received from 277/347 (80%) of GPs. A median of one case/year of male urethritis was seen and screening for gonorrhoea and chlamydia was undertaken in 82% and 63% of cases not referred to a GUM clinic respectively. Six per cent of GPs attempted to trace sexual contacts. Twenty-nine per cent (60) of patients were not referred to a GUM clinic and increasing distance to the clinic was associated with non-referral. Eleven per cent (18) of patients objected to referral to a GUM clinic. There is scope to improve the management of male urethritis by providing greater support for GPs, encouraging clinic referral where possible and appropriate investigations and treatment when not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ross
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Bagheri-Yarmand R, Bittoun P, Champion J, Letourneur D, Jozefonvicz J, Fermandjian S, Crépin M. Carboxymethyl benzylamide dextrans inhibit breast cell growth. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1994; 30A:822-4. [PMID: 7534590 DOI: 10.1007/bf02639391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Champion J, Nègre-Garnier C. [Induced abortion. Surgical technique]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1994:8-11. [PMID: 8009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Champion J, Cailleux-Kreitmann J. [Abortion, induced. Medical techniques]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1994:15-7. [PMID: 8009394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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34
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Champion J. [Voluntary interruption of pregnancy. The legal aspect]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1994:4-5. [PMID: 8009402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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35
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Champion J, Tregan D. [Induced abortion. Complications]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1994:12-4. [PMID: 8009393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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36
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Champion J, Cailleux-Kreitmann J. [Demand for abortion. Special aspects of drug-induced abortion]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1994:18-20. [PMID: 8009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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37
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Letourneur D, Champion J, Slaoui F, Jozefonvicz J. In vitro stimulation of human endothelial cells by derivatized dextrans. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1993; 29A:67-72. [PMID: 7680338 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Derivatized dextrans exert a stimulatory effect on the in vitro growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Measurements of growth were monitored by [3H]thymidine uptake and cell numbers. Our results show that some derivatized dextrans at 4 micrograms/ml (88 nM) increase the [3H]thymidine incorporation, whereas starting dextran (40,000 Da), dextran sulfate, and carboxymethyl dextran have no effect. In addition, heparin under similar experimental conditions shows a slight inhibitory effect on the HUVEC growth. The stimulatory effect of derivatized dextrans was also found when HUVEC grew during 7 days in medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum. We also observed that derivatized dextrans had no effect on the mitogenic activity of acidic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogenic factor for several cell types including HUVEC. By assessment of [3H]thymidine uptake at 48 h without serum, we concluded that the exogenous growth factors were not involved in the proliferative activity of these components. The stimulatory effects are related to the chemical nature and the proportion of substituents on the synthetic polysaccharides. The data indicate that benzylamide sulfonated groups play a key role in the stimulation of HUVEC growth. Neither carboxyl nor sulfate groups alone exhibit this effect. Thus, the stimulatory capacity of dextran derivatives depends strongly on the respective ratios of the functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Letourneur
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Macromolécules, CNRS URA 502, Université Paris-Nord, Villetaneuse, France
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38
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Champion J, Sperandeo D. [RU 486 and interruption of pregnancy]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1989:19-22. [PMID: 2705089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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39
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Mosier MA, Champion J, Liaw LH, Berns MW. Delayed retinal effects of the frequency-doubled YAG laser (532 nm). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987; 28:1298-305. [PMID: 3610548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to compare the retinal effects of the frequency-doubled YAG laser (532 nm) with those of argon laser, rabbit eyes were exposed to green YAG laser irradiation and processed for light and electron microscopic study at 24 hr, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Detailed analysis was conducted on tissue exposed to 7.3 and 7.6 millijoules (mj). Response of the photoreceptors and retinal pigmented epithelium to green YAG was very similar to that described for argon laser over the same time period. By 2 weeks post-exposure, there was histologic evidence of partial recovery with absence of damaged, pycnotic photoreceptor nuclei, increased numbers of typical photoreceptor outer segment lamellae and repair of retinal pigmented epithelium. Four weeks after irradiation, normal-appearing photoreceptor nuclei were present although inner photoreceptor segments still showed mitochondrial damage. Outer segments at 4 weeks showed regular lamellar structures. We conclude that the frequency-doubled YAG laser is equivalent to the argon laser with respect to the production of thermal lesions in the retina. Its additional advantages include increased efficiency, portability, reliability and lack of absorption by macular xanthophyll pigment.
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Abstract
Removal of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma by thoracotomy is an accepted treatment; however, few investigators have analyzed the value of various prognostic factors in estimating survival. A review of all patients undergoing thoracotomy for recurrent osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is reported. Since 1968, two thirds (39/59) of all patients who developed pulmonary metastases have had a total of 66 thoracotomies. Nine patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and six additional patients are alive with disease. Analyzed in 39 evaluable patients, the prognostic factors that correlate with survival by univariate analysis are: sex, number of nodules detected radiographically and resected, completeness of resection, and tumor location (bilateral versus unilateral). By Cox regression analysis, only sex and the number of nodules detected either radiographically or during surgery, and resected, had statistically significant correlation with survival. Thoracotomy is curative for some patients with pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma and Prognostic factors predictive for survival are defined.
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41
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Champion J, Fontaine C. [Non-hormonal female contraception]. Soins Gynecol Obstet Pueric Pediatr 1986:11-6. [PMID: 3639607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wilimas JA, Champion J, Douglass EC, Parham D, Hammond E, Webber B. Relapsed Wilms' tumor. Factors affecting survival and cure. Am J Clin Oncol 1985; 8:324-8. [PMID: 3002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To identify factors contributing to extended survival among patients with relapsed Wilms' tumor, we assessed 10 clinical and biologic variables thought to have predictive value. With a median follow-up of 6 years, 32 (20%) of 156 patients who achieved complete remission have relapsed. Twenty-four have died with recurrent tumor, and eight are surviving for 2 to 12 years from diagnosis. Only time to relapse, or length of initial complete remission, had a significant influence on survival. Of 11 patients with complete remissions lasting longer than 12 months, six have died--compared with seven of 10 having remissions of 6 to 12 months and 11 of 11 with shorter remissions (p = 0.014). Surgery alone was the curative therapy in three of the eight surviving patients. Until more effective chemotherapy regimens are developed, an aggressive surgical approach may be indicated in selected patients with relapsed Wilms' tumor.
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Abstract
The authors reviewed the clinical charts and pathologic and radiographic materials of nine pediatric patients (mean age, 11.0 years) presenting with multiple skeletal foci of osteosarcoma. Four patients presented with pulmonary metastases, and five had osseous disease only. All had densely sclerotic, predominantly osteoblastic tumors, usually in metaphyseal locations. Evidence of aggressive tumor cell behavior--such as vascular, articular, epiphyseal, or soft-tissue invasion--was usually present in surgical specimens. Despite intensive chemotherapy, all patients died from 6 to 37 months after diagnosis (median survival, 12 months). Comparison of clinical and pathologic features for patients presenting with or without pulmonary metastases failed to disclose any notable differences between the two groups, indicating a common pathogenesis and evolution for their multifocal disease. The authors conclude that this variant of osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive form of the disease that may be accompanied by pulmonary metastases.
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Mosier MA, Champion J, Liaw LH, Berns MW. Retinal effects of the frequency-doubled (532 nm) YAG laser: histopathological comparison with argon laser. Lasers Surg Med 1985; 5:377-404. [PMID: 3839881 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1900050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal lesions produced in Dutch Cross rabbits with a frequency-doubled (532 nm) YAG laser in single pulse mode (30-100 microJ) and in train of uniform pulses (2.6 and 7.5 mJ) underwent histopathological examination by light and electron microscopy. The results were compared to argon laser lesions (11 and 15 mJ) in the same animals. Low-energy single-pulse YAG lesions produced separation of the neural retina from the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), while higher energies caused severe disruption of retinal structures with moderate damage to the RPE. A striking and consistent finding of all the single-pulse lesions was the presence of red blood cells between the RPE and neural layers. The findings appear to support a process of mechanical disruption. In contrast, the lesions produced by a uniform train of pulses showed well-defined damage to RPE and photoreceptors with no red blood cells between these two layers, no choroidal damage, and relatively little disruption of the inner retina. The typical argon lesion evidenced cellular damage from the RPE through all retinal layers. Leukocytes in the choroid contained "holes" or vacuoles not seen in YAG lesions. Both the uniformly pulsed YAG laser burst and argon laser produced effects consistent with a thermal process. Some differences between argon and YAG burst were observed. The results suggest that there may be a clinical potential for the 532-nm burst YAG in treating retinopathies.
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45
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Douglass EC, Green AA, Wrenn E, Champion J, Shipp M, Pratt CB. Effective cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy in the treatment of hepatoblastoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 1985; 13:187-90. [PMID: 2989669 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nine of 11 patients with hepatoblastoma treated with cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy had a complete (CR) or partial (PR) remission. Five of these patients had measurable pulmonary disease and four achieved a CR of pulmonary lesions. The average interval of disease control following DDP was three times that of Adriamycin (ADR). DDP is an effective agent in the treatment of hepatoblastoma.
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Maack C, James T, Champion J, Hunter I, Tata J. Xenopus egg jelly coat proteins—1. Identification and characterisation of proteins in individual coats in eggs and oviduct. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(85)90426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
We have used primary cell cultures of hepatocytes from male or female Xenopus laevis to study the mechanisms by which estrogen induces vitellogenin gene transcription and how primary exposure to estrogen renders cells more responsive to secondary stimulation. We have characterized the estrogen receptor in hormonally naïve cells and in hepatocytes treated with estrogen under a variety of conditions. Under all conditions the receptor has a Kd congruent to 4 X 10(-10) M. Hormonally naïve male cells contain 300 binding sites whereas female cells or male cells previously exposed to estradiol exhibit 6-7-fold higher levels. In parallel cultures, the absolute rate of vitellogenin gene transcription was determined by hybridization of newly synthesized RNA pulse-labelled with [3H]uridine to cloned Xenopus vitellogenin cDNA. Naïve male cells on primary stimulation with estradiol synthesized vitellogenin mRNA at an average rate of approximately 150 moles/cell/h compared to 1200 moles/cell/h for cells previously exposed to estrogen, thus bearing a close correlation with receptor number. Furthermore, we show that the kinetics of the induced up-regulation of receptor exactly parallel those of the increase in the rate of vitellogenin gene transcription upon secondary hormonal stimulation following various periods of primary exposure to estrogen. Addition of cycloheximide to cell cultures during primary estrogen treatment abolishes both receptor up-regulation and increased rate of vitellogenin gene transcription on secondary stimulation. In addition, primary treatment with the antiestrogen tamoxifen prevents both receptor up-regulation and an enhanced rate of transcription or accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA on secondary hormonal exposure. These results demonstrate that estrogen treatment of male Xenopus hepatocytes results in the rapid up-regulation of its own receptor to female levels via new receptor synthesis, and that receptor number is rate-limiting in vitellogenin gene transcription.
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48
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Duprez D, Ben Moura D, Champion J, Sperandeo D. [Synechia and elective abortion]. Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris) 1984; 12:993-8. [PMID: 12266511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Wilimas JA, Hammond E, Douglass EC, Champion J, Parvey L, Coburn T. The value of computerized tomography as a routine follow-up procedure for patients with Wilms' tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol 1984; 12:221-3. [PMID: 6328237 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We performed routine computerized tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen on patients treated for Wilms' tumor and reviewed the records of all patients who relapsed (10 patients) and 43 additional patients followed for at least 1 year. Routine chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasounds were compared with 210 CT examinations (107 chest and 103 abdomen). CT examinations were obtained at 6 months for stage I (13 patients) and at 3, 8, and 15 months for stages II, III, and IV (40 patients). Of the 10 patients who relapsed, only 2 were documented by CT scan in the absence of clinical symptomatology and presence of normal radiographs and ultrasound. Eight relapses were diagnosed by physical examination, chest radiograph, or ultrasound and confirmed by CT scan. Questionably abnormal CT scans were obtained in 7 patients, only 1 of whom eventually relapsed. Since only 2 of 210 routine CT examinations were the the only indicator of relapse, we conclude that the routine use of CT for follow-up in Wilms' tumor is not warranted.
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Lane CD, Champion J, Craig R. Signal sequences, secondary modification and the turnover of miscompartmentalized secretory proteins in Xenopus oocytes. Eur J Biochem 1983; 136:141-6. [PMID: 6617654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of the Xenopus oocyte can be altered by the microinjection of proteins and the regulatory responses to such perturbations can then be studied. We have investigated proteolytic systems within the oocyte which may be involved in the maintenance of the integrity of the different subcellular compartments. Thus primary translation products, made in the wheat germ system under the direction of frog liver, chicken oviduct, rat liver rapidly sedimenting endoplasmic reticulum, rat seminal vesicle, guinea pig mammary gland or honey been venom gland RNA, were injected into oocytes. Their stability in the frog cell cytosol was in general low compared to that of their processed counterparts. The latter were usually obtained by collecting the heterologous proteins exported by RNA-injected oocytes. Electrophoretic analysis of oocytes injected with particular primary and processed polypeptides permitted measurement of the stabilities of proteins differing only by the presence or absence of a detachable signal sequence, or by the presence of a specific secondary modification. The effect of the latter on protein stability appears slight. However, the presence of a detachable signal sequence destabilizes those miscompartmentalized secretory proteins which are otherwise stable. Indeed all other results are consistent with this concept for they show that primary translation products are in general much less and are never more stable than their processed counterparts. Thus we provide evidence that errors of compartmentation can be corrected in living cells and that this process is often facilitated by the properties conferred on a protein by a detachable signal sequence.
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