1
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Ackloo S, Antolin AA, Bartolome JM, Beck H, Bullock A, Betz UAK, Böttcher J, Brown PJ, Chaturvedi M, Crisp A, Daniels D, Dreher J, Edfeldt K, Edwards AM, Egner U, Elkins J, Fischer C, Glendorf T, Goldberg S, Hartung IV, Hillisch A, Homan E, Knapp S, Köster M, Krämer O, Llaveria J, Lessel U, Lindemann S, Linderoth L, Matsui H, Michel M, Montel F, Mueller-Fahrnow A, Müller S, Owen DR, Saikatendu KS, Santhakumar V, Sanderson W, Scholten C, Schapira M, Sharma S, Shireman B, Sundström M, Todd MH, Tredup C, Venable J, Willson TM, Arrowsmith CH. Target 2035 – an update on private sector contributions. RSC Med Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2md00441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Target 2035, an international federation of biomedical scientists from the public and private sectors, is leveraging ‘open’ principles to develop a pharmacological tool for every human protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ackloo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Albert A. Antolin
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Hartmut Beck
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Bullock
- Center for Medicines Discovery, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Jark Böttcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Menorca Chaturvedi
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Binger Str. 173, D-55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Alisa Crisp
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Danette Daniels
- Foghorn Therapeutics, 500 Technology Square, Suite 700, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jan Dreher
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kristina Edfeldt
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aled M. Edwards
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ursula Egner
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, Müllerstraße 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jon Elkins
- Center for Medicines Discovery, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christian Fischer
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tine Glendorf
- Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Steven Goldberg
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ingo V. Hartung
- Medicinal Chemistry, Global R&D, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Hillisch
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Markus Köster
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Binger Str. 173, D-55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Krämer
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Binger Str. 173, D-55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Josep Llaveria
- A Division of Janssen-Cilag S.A., Janssen Research and Development, Toledo, Spain
| | - Uta Lessel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Lars Linderoth
- Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Hisanori Matsui
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Montel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Dafydd R. Owen
- Discovery Network Group, Pfizer Medicine Design, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kumar Singh Saikatendu
- Global Research Externalization, Takeda California, Inc., 9625 Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Wendy Sanderson
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Cora Scholten
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brock Shireman
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Sundström
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Jennifer Venable
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
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2
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Meibom D, Micus S, Andreevski AL, Anlauf S, Bogner P, von Buehler CJ, Dieskau AP, Dreher J, Eitner F, Fliegner D, Follmann M, Gericke KM, Maassen S, Meyer J, Schlemmer KH, Steuber H, Tersteegen A, Wunder F. BAY-7081: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Cyanopyridone-Based PDE9A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16420-16431. [PMID: 36475653 PMCID: PMC9791655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of heart failure in recent years, options for patients are still limited and the disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Modulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels within the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway by inhibiting PDE9A has been associated with beneficial effects in preclinical heart failure models. We herein report the identification of BAY-7081, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PDE9A inhibitor with very good aqueous solubility starting from a high-throughput screening hit. Key aspect of the optimization was a switch in metabolism of our lead structures from glucuronidation to oxidation. The switch proved being essential for the identification of compounds with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. By studying a tool compound in a transverse aortic constriction mouse model, we were able to substantiate the relevance of PDE9A inhibition in heart diseases.
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3
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Müller S, Ackloo S, Al Chawaf A, Al-Lazikani B, Antolin A, Baell JB, Beck H, Beedie S, Betz UAK, Bezerra GA, Brennan PE, Brown D, Brown PJ, Bullock AN, Carter AJ, Chaikuad A, Chaineau M, Ciulli A, Collins I, Dreher J, Drewry D, Edfeldt K, Edwards AM, Egner U, Frye SV, Fuchs SM, Hall MD, Hartung IV, Hillisch A, Hitchcock SH, Homan E, Kannan N, Kiefer JR, Knapp S, Kostic M, Kubicek S, Leach AR, Lindemann S, Marsden BD, Matsui H, Meier JL, Merk D, Michel M, Morgan MR, Mueller-Fahrnow A, Owen DR, Perry BG, Rosenberg SH, Saikatendu KS, Schapira M, Scholten C, Sharma S, Simeonov A, Sundström M, Superti-Furga G, Todd MH, Tredup C, Vedadi M, von Delft F, Willson TM, Winter GE, Workman P, Arrowsmith CH. Target 2035 - update on the quest for a probe for every protein. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:13-21. [PMID: 35211674 PMCID: PMC8792830 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years after the publication of the first draft of the human genome, our knowledge of the human proteome is still fragmented. The challenge of translating the wealth of new knowledge from genomics into new medicines is that proteins, and not genes, are the primary executers of biological function. Therefore, much of how biology works in health and disease must be understood through the lens of protein function. Accordingly, a subset of human proteins has been at the heart of research interests of scientists over the centuries, and we have accumulated varying degrees of knowledge about approximately 65% of the human proteome. Nevertheless, a large proportion of proteins in the human proteome (∼35%) remains uncharacterized, and less than 5% of the human proteome has been successfully targeted for drug discovery. This highlights the profound disconnect between our abilities to obtain genetic information and subsequent development of effective medicines. Target 2035 is an international federation of biomedical scientists from the public and private sectors, which aims to address this gap by developing and applying new technologies to create by year 2035 chemogenomic libraries, chemical probes, and/or biological probes for the entire human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Suzanne Ackloo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | | | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5NG UK
- CRUK ICR/Imperial Convergence Science Centre London SM2 5NG UK
| | - Albert Antolin
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5NG UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5NG UK
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Hartmut Beck
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals 42103 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Shaunna Beedie
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
| | - David Brown
- Institut Recherches de Servier 125 Chemin de Ronde 78290 Croissy France
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Adrian J Carter
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Mathilde Chaineau
- Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee James Black Centre Dundee UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5NG UK
| | - Jan Dreher
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals 42103 Wuppertal Germany
| | - David Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Chapel Hill NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kristina Edfeldt
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aled M Edwards
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Ursula Egner
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH Müllerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | | | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health Rockville Maryland 20850 USA
| | - Ingo V Hartung
- Medicinal Chemistry, Global R&D, Merck Healthcare KGaA Frankfurter Straße 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexander Hillisch
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals 42103 Wuppertal Germany
| | | | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California 94080 USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Milka Kostic
- Department of Cancer Biology and Chemical Biology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD UK
| | - Sven Lindemann
- Strategic Innovation, Global R&D, Merck Healthcare KGaA Frankfurter Straße 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford UK
| | - Hisanori Matsui
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
- LMU Munich, Department of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maxwell R Morgan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | | | - Dafydd R Owen
- Discovery Network Group, Pfizer Medicine Design Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Benjamin G Perry
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative 15 Chemin Camille Vidart Geneva 1202 Switzerland
| | | | - Kumar Singh Saikatendu
- Global Research Externalization, Takeda California, Inc. 9625 Towne Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Cora Scholten
- Research and Development, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Structural & Protein Sciences, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development 1400 McKean Rd Spring House PA 19477 USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health Rockville Maryland 20850 USA
| | - Michael Sundström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Pharmacy, University College London London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Frank von Delft
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0QX UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
- Research Complex at Harwell Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0FA UK
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Paul Workman
- CRUK ICR/Imperial Convergence Science Centre London SM2 5NG UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5NG UK
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
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4
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Gaebler AJ, Finner‐Prével M, Lammertz S, Schaffrath S, Eisner P, Stöhr F, Röcher E, Winkler L, Kaleta P, Lenzen L, Augustin M, Hovancakova J, Schwemmer L, Stormanns E, Keskin F, Hendricks F, Paulzen M, Gründer G, Schneider F, Mathiak K, Augustin M, Cordes J, Demirel E, Dielentheis T, Dreher J, Eisner P, Finner‐Prével M, Gaebler AJ, Gründer G, Hendricks F, Hovancakova J, Kaleta P, Keskin F, Kirchner M, Kirner‐Veselinovic A, Lammertz S, Lange C, Larcher F, Lenzen LM, Mathiak K, Meisenzahl‐Lechner E, Muysers J, Neff A, Paulzen M, Plum M, Röcher E, Ruttmann A, Schaffrath S, Schneider F, Schwemmer L, Stöhr F, Stormanns E, Trauzeddel A, Winkler L. Vitamin D’s negative impact on antipsychotic drug exposure may counteract its potential benefits in schizophrenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3193-3200. [DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnim Johannes Gaebler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Michelle Finner‐Prével
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sarah Lammertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sabrina Schaffrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Patrick Eisner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Felix Stöhr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Erik Röcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Lina Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Peter Kaleta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Laura Lenzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Augustin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Bochum Germany
| | - Jana Hovancakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Lara Schwemmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Stormanns
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Augustin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Bochum Germany
| | - Joachim Cordes
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Emir Demirel
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Eisner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Michelle Finner‐Prével
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Arnim Johannes Gaebler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Jana Hovancakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Peter Kaleta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - André Kirner‐Veselinovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sarah Lammertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | - Federico Larcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Laura Marianne Lenzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen Germany
| | | | - Erik Röcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Axel Ruttmann
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sabrina Schaffrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lara Schwemmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Felix Stöhr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Stormanns
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | - Lina Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
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5
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Dreher J, Scheiber J, Stiefl N, Baumann K. xMaP-An Interpretable Alignment-Free Four-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Technique Based on Molecular Surface Properties and Conformer Ensembles. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:165-181. [PMID: 29172519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel alignment-free molecular descriptor called xMaP (flexible MaP descriptor) is introduced. The descriptor is the advancement of the previously published translationally and rotationally invariant three-dimensional (3D) descriptor MaP (mapping property distributions onto the molecular surface) to the fourth dimension (4D). In addition to MaP, xMaP is independent of the chosen starting conformation of the encoded molecules and is therefore entirely alignment-free. This is achieved by using ensembles of conformers, which are generated by conformational searches. This step of the procedure is similar to Hopfinger's 4D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). A five-step procedure is used to compute the xMaP descriptor. First, a conformational search for each molecule is carried out. Next, for each of the conformers an approximation to the molecular surface with equally distributed surface points is computed. Third, molecular properties are projected onto this surface. Fourth, areas of identical properties are clustered to so-called patches. Fifth, the spatial distribution of the patches is converted into an alignment-free descriptor that is based on the entire conformer ensemble. The resulting descriptor can be interpreted by superimposing the most important descriptor variables and the molecules of the data set. The most important descriptor variables are identified with chemometric regression tools. The novel descriptor was applied to several benchmark data sets and was compared to other descriptors and QSAR techniques comprising a binary fingerprint, a topological pharmacophore descriptor (Cats2D), and the field-based 3D-QSAR technique GRID/PLS which is alignment-dependent. The use of conformer ensembles renders xMaP very robust. It turns out that xMaP performs very well on (almost) all data sets and that the statistical results are comparable to GRID/PLS. In addition to that, xMaP can also be used to efficiently visualize the derived quantitative structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dreher
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig , Beethovenstrasse 55, D 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Josef Scheiber
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig , Beethovenstrasse 55, D 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Stiefl
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig , Beethovenstrasse 55, D 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Knut Baumann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig , Beethovenstrasse 55, D 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Lennertz L, Ruhrmann S, Petrovsky N, Ettinger U, Pukrop R, Dreher J, Klosterkötter J, Maier W, Wagner M. Neurocognitive functioning in parents of schizophrenia patients: Attentional and executive performance vary with genetic loading. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:885-91. [PMID: 26619916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological deficits are candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia which can assist to explain the neurocognitive impact of genetic risk variants. The identification of endophenotypes is often based on the familiality of these phenotypes. Several studies demonstrate neuropsychological deficits in unaffected biological relatives of schizophrenia patients without differentiating between genetic and non-genetic factors underlying these deficits. We assessed N=129 unaffected biological parents of schizophrenia patients, N=28 schizophrenia patients (paranoid subtype), and N=143 controls without a family history of schizophrenia with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Direct comparison of N=22 parents with an ancestral history of schizophrenia (more likely carriers, MLC) and N=17 of their spouses without such a history (less likely carriers, LLC) allowed the separation of genetic and non-genetic aspects in cognition. Overall, parents showed significant deficits in neuropsychological tasks from all cognitive domains with medium effect sizes. Direct comparisons of MLC- and LLC-parents showed that attentional and executive tasks were most strongly affected by genetic loading. To conclude, unaffected parents of schizophrenia patients showed modest yet significant impairments in attention, memory, and executive functioning. In particular, attentional and executive impairments varied most strongly with genetic loading for schizophrenia, prioritising these dysfunctions for genotype-endophenotype analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonhard Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Pukrop
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Dreher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychotherapy, Clinic Königshof Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
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Laux G, Sander K, Artmann S, Dreher J, Lenz J, Hauth I. [Reality of treatment in psychotherapy: Results of a survey of German psychiatric hospitals]. Nervenarzt 2015; 86:579-87. [PMID: 25620735 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-014-4193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the introduction of the qualification as specialist for psychiatry and psychotherapy, in addition to psychopharmacotherapy psychotherapy is an integral component of the treatment of mentally ill people. A survey was carried out to evaluate the reality of clinical routine use of psychotherapy in German psychiatric hospitals. METHODS Between October 2011 and March 2012 German hospitals of psychiatry and psychotherapy were contacted by the head organization, the conference of national directors (Bundesdirektorenkonferenz), to participate in a survey regarding the application of psychotherapy in the real clinical world of daily treatment. With an anonymous questionnaire, data were requested as either a printed form or online version. RESULTS Data from 25 psychiatric hospitals in the year 2010 could be analysed (average number of beds 300 of which 53 were for psychosomatic/psychotherapeutic patients) and a total of 87,000 inpatients were treated whereby 34 % were diagnosed as F1 addictive disorders and 24 % as F3 affective disorders. More than 80 % of the hospitals applied group therapies of relaxation, cognitive behavior therapy, social competence training and specific techniques, such as dialectic-behavior therapy. As individual treatment methods, patients with depressive disorders were treated with cognitive behavior therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy or psychodynamic therapy in more than 50 % of the cases. Relaxation techniques were offered in most cases by the nursing staff, behavior therapy by psychologists and physicians and psychodynamic therapy mainly by psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Laux
- Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Oberwallnerweg 7, 83527, Haag i. OB, Deutschland,
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Determann R, Dreher J, Baumann K, Preu L, Jones PG, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Kunick C. 2-Anilino-4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidines--a multikinase inhibitor scaffold with antiproliferative activity toward cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:254-63. [PMID: 22560627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2-Anilino-4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyrimidines, synthesized by reaction of a readily available benzimidazole-substituted enaminone with suitable arylguanidines, were shown to inhibit four cancer-related protein kinases (Aurora B, PLK1, FAK, and VEGF-R2). The most potent derivative exhibited antiproliferative activity for several cancer cell lines of the NCI in vitro cell line panel in submicromolar concentrations. Both the anilinopyrimidine structure and the substitution pattern at the aniline ring appear to be important for the protein kinase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Determann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstraße 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Dreher J, Baumann K. Comparison of ATP binding sites using structure-based similarity methods and molecular interaction fields. J Cheminform 2011. [PMCID: PMC3083590 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-3-s1-p34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lemcke T, Dreher J, Rarey M, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Kunick C. Identification of Inhibitors of the Tyrosine Kinase c-Met by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Mol Inform 2011; 30:145-50. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bringmann G, Bischof SK, Müller S, Gulder T, Winter C, Stich A, Moll H, Kaiser M, Brun R, Dreher J, Baumann K. QSAR guided synthesis of simplified antiplasmodial analogs of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5370-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Egert-Schmidt AM, Dreher J, Dunkel U, Kohfeld S, Preu L, Weber H, Ehlert JE, Mutschler B, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Baumann K, Kunick C. Identification of 2-anilino-9-methoxy-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-d][1]benzazepin-6-ones as dual PLK1/VEGF-R2 kinase inhibitor chemotypes by structure-based lead generation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2433-42. [PMID: 20170163 DOI: 10.1021/jm901388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop multikinase inhibitors with dual PLK1/VEGF-R2 inhibitory activity, the d-annulated 1-benzazepin-2-one scaffold present in the paullone family of kinase inhibitors was investigated as a general structure template suitable for anchoring annulated heterocycles at the hinge region of the ATP binding site. For this purpose, the indole substructure of the paullones was replaced by other nitrogen containing heteroaromatics. The designed scaffolds were synthesized and tested on the indicated kinases. The 2-anilino-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-d][1]benzazepin-6-ones were found to be VEGF-R2 inhibitors with selectivity against the insulin receptor kinase. The attachment of a methoxy group to the 9-position of the scaffold led to additional PLK1 inhibitory activity, which was explained by an alternative binding mode of the 9-methoxy derivatives. Selected members of the compound class inhibited the VEGF-R2 autophosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cell speroids, and the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Egert-Schmidt
- Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Dreher J, Baumann K. Classification of ATP binding sites using sequence-based fingerprints and molecular interaction fields. Chem Cent J 2009. [DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-3-s1-p77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sevecke K, Dreher J, Walger P, Junglas J, Lehmkuhl G. [Aggressive behaviour and substance abuse among schizophrenic adolescents compared to antisocial adolescents--a follow-up study]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2005; 33:105-12. [PMID: 15900804 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.33.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze aggressive behaviour towards others by schizophrenic as opposed to antisocial adolescents, and the influence of substance abuse before, during and after their hospitalization. METHODS We analyzed 21 schizophrenic adolescents and compared their aggressive behaviour and their substance abuse to that of 21 antisocial juveniles before and during their hospitalization and again at the time of a follow-up interview. The two samples were matched for age, sex and intelligence. In a first step, data were gathered from the hospital records, in a second step, for follow-up data we conducted standardized telephone interview with the patient and his or her parent or caregiver. Within the analysis we focused on aggressive behaviour towards other people and objects, as well as on criminal acts and regular substance abuse. RESULTS We found less aggressive behaviour among psychotic patients during and post-hospitalization than among their antisocial counterparts. As inpatients, the acutely psychotic juveniles were at higher risk for aggressive acts, but adequate treatment subdued their offensive behaviour. In the long term, there were fewer criminal arrests among psychotic patients. Only in connection with their substance abuse, their aggressive misconduct towards others increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that drug treatment during adolescence might help to lessen the risk of aggressive behaviour towards others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sevecke
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that very young mothers would be more likely to kill an infant than older women, given that the younger mother has a much greater ability to "replace" the dead child through subsequent pregnancies and thus to produce offspring for the next generation. Evolutionary theory also predicts that a woman would be more likely to kill a child if the child was obviously defective, the pregnancy was the result of incest or rape, or if the mother's means of supporting the child were severely compromised. The authors hypothesized that mentally ill mothers would behave in a way that differed significantly from evolutionary expectations, i.e., that they would be more likely to kill children who were older than those killed by mothers in the general population and that the mothers themselves would be likely to be older than mothers in the general population when the murders occurred. To test this hypothesis, the authors compared infanticides (both filicides and neonaticides) committed by mentally ill mothers with those committed by mothers in the general population. They examined two samples: 1) all cases of maternal infanticide from the Mid-Hudson Forensic Psychiatric Hospital from 1978 (when the hospital began admitting female patients) through the year 2000 and 2) a general population sample from a 10-year Canadian study reported by Daly and Wilson in 1998. The authors focused on the following variables: ages of the mothers, ages of the child-victims, whether the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest, whether the child had significant behavioral or physical problems, and whether there were problems supporting the child (e.g., having no partner, poverty, mother's lack of education). The results of the analyses supported the authors' hypothesis about ages of mothers and children. The mentally ill mothers in the Mid-Hudson sample were generally older when they killed their children and the children who were killed were generally older than in the Daly and Wilson general population sample (where the majority of the cases involved neonaticide and the mothers were generally younger than 25 years of age). The three factors, poverty, low education level (or low intellectual capacity), and lack of a spouse were common in both samples. Findings concerning cultural factors, motives, and methods used will be presented in separate publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Stone
- Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons and Mid-Hudson Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, New Hampton, NY, USA
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Gunatilak A, Dreher J. Use of real-time data in environmental monitoring: current practices. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:53-61. [PMID: 12636062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring in Europe, especially in transboundary water courses has made steady progress during the last decades through establishment of international commissions. The main activities of these commissions include protection and management of the catchment, sustainable use of the river and establishment of Accident Emergency Warning Systems (AEWS). The latter could be effectively accomplished only through real-time monitoring. Concurrently real-time data have been found important for the monitoring of potable water intake points, wastewater treatment plants, estuaries and in aquaculture. With the recognition of the diversified demand, there are a number of questions to be answered such as: (1) are we satisfied with the existing monitoring systems? (2) is standardisation of the measuring instruments a necessity? (3) do we have foolproof systems for data capture and transmission? (4) are there adequate procedures to analyse vast amount of data generated? We have to answer these questions urgently as the demand for real-time monitoring has been drastically increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gunatilak
- Verbundplan GmbH, Consulting Engineers, Parkring 12, A-101 1 Vienna, Austria.
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Rodriguez de la Torre B, Dreher J, Malevany I, Bagli M, Kolbinger M, Omran H, Lüderitz B, Rao ML. Serum levels and cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients. Ther Drug Monit 2001; 23:435-40. [PMID: 11477329 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200108000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat depression. Whereas cardiovascular effects have occasionally been reported during controlled studies with SSRIs, TCA treatment poses a well-known problem in this respect. To investigate the putative correlation between antidepressant dose or serum levels and adverse effects, the authors devised a naturalistic study to evaluate the tricyclic antidepressants' and SSRIs' effect on the cardiovascular system. The authors also compared antidepressant serum levels to adverse effects. Inpatients treated with TCAs or SSRIs were included; an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a Schellong test were carried out on the day patients entered the hospital and during steady-state treatment with antidepressant drugs when blood was drawn for therapeutic drug monitoring. The patient population consisted of 114 acutely depressed patients; 81 patients were treated with TCAs and 33 with SSRIs. The TCAs comprised amitriptyline (n = 43), clomipramine (n = 11), doxepin (n = 19) and imipramine (n = 8); the SSRIs comprised fluvoxamine (n = 14) and paroxetine (n = 19). In TCA-treated patients, the authors observed the same type of abnormalities in conduction and orthostatic hypotension as had been observed earlier. The authors also observed cases of first-degree atrioventricular block, prolonged QTc interval, and orthostatic hypotension in SSRI-treated patients. Thus SSRIs also appear to affect the cardiovascular system, which might pose a problem for patients with preexisting conduction disease. The authors observed a strong correlation between the decrease in systolic pressure and antidepressant serum concentration (except for clomipramine and paroxetine), suggesting that antidepressant serum level is a better correlate than dose.
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Dreher J, Kolbinger M, Rodríguez de la Torre B, Bagli M, Malevanyi J, Rao ML. [A self-rating scale for adverse drug effects and its application in a study of antidepressants]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1999; 67:163-74. [PMID: 10327312 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient's complaints about adverse drug effects in the course of antidepressant drug therapy are related to a considerable extent to their subjective experience. Therefore general assessment of adverse drug effects that relies exclusively on the investigator's rating scales appears unsatisfactory. Additional assessment with self-rating scales should record the experience which arises from patient's perception. However, there are presently no satisfactory instruments available. Therefore, we developed the Bonner Erhebungsinstrument to assess subjective adverse drug effects. We administered this rating scale on 310 occasions to 130 patients. In order to evaluate the influence of indirect and direct questions, we devised an additional instrument the Erhebungsinstrument direkt. As it turned out, patients answering direct questions stated nearly twice as many side-effects than patients answering the indirect questionnaire. A comparison of our two rating scales with the observer-rating scale UKU showed, that investigators noted 79% of the symptoms that patients mentioned, but rated only 30% as probably due to a drug effect. A statistical evaluation of the data showed an interdependence between the number of adverse drug effects in the Bonner Erhebungsinstrument and fluvoxamine's daily dose; furthermore, the number of adverse drug effects of clomipramine correlated with its serum level; dose and serum concentrations of doxepin correlated significantly with the adverse side effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are generally considered to have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants; in our investigation this turned out to be true for the symptom "dry mouth" but not for other symptoms. Thus the novel Bonner Erhebungsinstrument discriminates well between different adverse drug effects; it provides important information to assess unwanted side effects and to understand and improve patients' compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dreher
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
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Dreher J, Arendt U, Schindler K. Particle simulations of collisionless reconnection in magnetotail configuration including electron dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The expression of the chloramphenicol-inducible chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase gene (cat), encoded on Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB112, is regulated via a translational attenuation mechanism. Ribosomes, which are arrested by chloramphenicol during synthesis of a short leader peptide, activate catmRNA translation by opening a 5'-located stem-loop structure, thus setting free the cat ribosome-binding site. We have determined the 5' and 3' ends of catmRNA and analysed its stability in Bacillus subtilis. In the absence of the antibiotic, the half-life of catmRNA is shorter than 0.5 min; it is enhanced to about 8 min by sub-inhibitory concentrations of the drug. No decay intermediates of catmRNA could be detected, indicating a very fast degradation after an initial rate-limiting step. ochre nonsense mutations in the 5' region of the cat structural gene, which eliminate catmRNA translation, did not affect its chloramphenicol-induced stabilization. Mutations in the leader-peptide coding region, which abolish ribosome stalling and, therefore, cat gene induction, also eliminate catmRNA stabilization. We conclude that catmRNA is stabilized on induction by a chloramphenicol-arrested ribosome, which physically protects a nuclease-sensitive target site in the 5' region of catmRNA against exo- or endonucleolytic initiation of degradation. This protection is analogous to ermA and ermC mRNA and seems to reflect a general mechanism for stabilization of mRNA derived from inducible antibiotic resistance genes in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dreher
- Molekulare Genetik der Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The application of 1.2 and 12.0 micrograms/side of the GABAA receptor agonist 3-aminopropane sulphonic acid bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of rats nonsignificantly depressed locomotor activity as assessed in automated Animex activity cages, while the highest dose (60 micrograms/side) significantly stimulated activity. The GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxinin (0.0625 and 0.125 micrograms/saide) and bicuculline (0.895 micrograms/side) produced forward locomotion around the cage accompanied by a number of other behaviours. The GABAB agonist baclofen (0.023 and 0.092 micrograms/side) induced a short-lasting (18 min) locomotor depression. None of the GABAB antagonists tested (2-hydroxysaclofen 2.6 micrograms/side, two novel beta-(benzo[b]furan) analogues of baclofen 9G or 9H each 6.8 micrograms/side, 4-aminobutylphosphonic acid 1.32 micrograms/side and phaclofen 0.535 and 2 micrograms/side) significantly affected locomotor activity. In rats pretreated with reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, picrotoxinin (0.0625 and 0.125 micrograms/side) did not significantly alter locomotor activity. Furthermore, when picrotoxinin (0.0625 micrograms/side) was combined with either the selective dopamine (DA) D1 agonist SKF38393 or the selective D2 agonist quinpirole, no significant alteration in locomotor function occurred. When SKF38393 and quinpirole were coadministered, significant stimulation occurred which was further enhanced by the addition of picrotoxinin. It is concluded that GABAA receptors, together with D1 and D2 receptors, play a major role in modulating the control of motor function by the Acb of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dreher J. [Image of dentistry--a hopeless case?]. Zahnarztebl Baden Wurttemb 1984; 12:74-6 contd. [PMID: 6587665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Dreher J. [New ways for a dental service. A discussion with dental students]. Zahnarztebl Baden Wurttemb 1978; 6:88-90. [PMID: 279158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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