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Warneke K, Rabitsch T, Dobert P, Wilke J. The effects of static and dynamic stretching on deep fascia stiffness: a randomized, controlled cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05495-2. [PMID: 38689040 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM Previous stretching studies mostly investigated effects on the skeletal muscle but comprehensive explorations regarding the role of the connective tissue are scarce. Since the deep fascia has been demonstrated to be sensitive to mechanical tension, it was hypothesized that the fascia would also respond to stretching, contributing to enhanced range of motion (ROM). METHODS Forty (40) recreationally active participants (male: n = 25, female: n = 15) were included in the randomized controlled cross-over trial and allocated to different groups performing 5 min static (STAT) or dynamic (DYN) plantar flexor stretching or control condition (CC) in a random order. Pre- and immediately post-intervention, muscle and fascia stiffness, as well as muscle and fascia thickness were measured using high-resolution ultrasound and strain elastography. ROM was assessed in the ankle joint via the knee to wall test (KtW) and goniometer. RESULTS STAT reduced both, muscle and fascia stiffness (d = 0.78 and 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively), while DYN did not reduce stiffness compared to the control condition (p = 0.11-0.41). While both conditions showed significant increases in the KtW (d = 0.43-0.46, p = 0.02-0.04), no significant differences to the CC were observed for the isolated ROM testing (p = 0.09 and 0.77). There was a small correlation between fascia stiffness decreases and ROM increases (r = - 0.25, p = 0.006) but no association was found between muscle stiffness decreases and ROM increases (p = 0.13-0.40). CONCLUSION Our study is the first to reveal stretch-induced changes in fascia stiffness. Changes of fascia`s but not muscle`s mechanical properties may contribute to increased ROM following stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8020, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
| | - Thomas Rabitsch
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Patrik Dobert
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
- Department of Neuromotorics and Movement, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Warneke K, Lohmann LH, Behm DG, Wirth K, Keiner M, Schiemann S, Wilke J. Effects of Chronic Static Stretching on Maximal Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression. Sports Med Open 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 38637473 PMCID: PMC11026323 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in maximal strength and muscle volume represent central aims of training interventions. Recent research suggested that the chronic application of stretch may be effective in inducing hypertrophy. The present systematic review therefore aimed to syntheisize the evidence on changes of strength and muscle volume following chronic static stretching. METHODS Three data bases were sceened to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies using randomized, controlled trials with longitudinal (≥ 2 weeks) design, investigating strength and muscle volume following static stretching in humans, were included. Study quality was rated by two examiners using the PEDro scale. RESULTS A total of 42 studies with 1318 cumulative participants were identified. Meta-analyses using robust variance estimation showed small stretch-mediated maximal strength increases (d = 0.30 p < 0.001) with stretching duration and intervention time as significant moderators. Including all studies, stretching induced small magnitude, but significant hypertrophy effects (d = 0.20). Longer stretching durations and intervention periods as well as higher training frequencies revealed small (d = 0.26-0.28), but significant effects (p < 0.001-0.005), while lower dosage did not reach the level of significance (p = 0.13-0.39). CONCLUSIONS While of minor effectiveness, chronic static stretching represents a possible alternative to resistance training when aiming to improve strength and increase muscle size. As a dose-response relationship may exist, higher stretch durations and frequencies as well as long program durations should be further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Lars Hubertus Lohmann
- Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Newfoundland and Labrador, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health & Sport, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute of Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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Brandl A, Acikalin E, Bartsch K, Wilke J, Schleip R. Reliability and validity of an app-assisted tissue compliance meter in measuring tissue stiffness on a phantom model. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17122. [PMID: 38464760 PMCID: PMC10924762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most methods for soft tissue stiffness assessment require high financial resources, significant technical effort, or extensive therapist training. The PACT Sense device was developed to be used in a wide range of applications and user groups. However, to date, there are no data on its validity and reliability. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the PACT device. Methods A polyurethane phantom tissue model (PTM) mimicking the mechanical properties of the fascia profunda and the erector spinae muscle was used. Stiffness measurements with PACT were conducted by two independent investigators. For construct validity, correlations were calculated between the known stiffness of the PTM and values obtained with PACT. For concurrent validity, we determined the association between the PACT values and additional measurements with the established MyotonPRO device. To estimate interrater and intrarater (two measurements with an interval of 7 days) reliability, we used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Correlation analysis (PTM/PACT) revealed very high concurrent validity (r = 0.99; p < 0.001), construct validity (PACT/MyotonPRO) was 0.87, p < 0.001. Both, interrater reliability (ICC = 0.85; p = 0.036) and intrarater reliability were good (ICC = 0.89; p < 0.001). Conclusions The PACT provides valid and reliable stiffness measurements in tissue phantoms. Further studies in humans are needed to confirm its physiometric properties under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Eda Acikalin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katja Bartsch
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
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Brandl A, Wilke J, Egner C, Schmidt T, Schilder A, Schleip R. Pain quality patterns in delayed onset muscle soreness of the lower back suggest sensitization of fascia rather than muscle afferents: a secondary analysis study. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:395-405. [PMID: 38102488 PMCID: PMC10847203 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the lower back is considered a surrogate for acute low back pain (aLBP) in experimental studies. Of note, it is often unquestioningly assumed to be muscle pain. To date, there has not been a study analyzing lumbar DOMS in terms of its pain origin, which was the aim of this study. Sixteen healthy individuals (L-DOMS) were enrolled for the present study and matched to participants from a previous study (n = 16, L-PAIN) who had undergone selective electrical stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia and the multifidus muscle. DOMS was induced in the lower back of the L-DOMS group using eccentric trunk extensions performed until exhaustion. On subsequent days, pain on palpation (100-mm analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and the Pain Sensation Scale (SES) were used to examine the sensory characteristics of DOMS. Pain on palpation showed a significant increase 24 and 48 h after eccentric training, whereas PPT was not affected (p > 0.05). Factor analysis of L-DOMS and L-PAIN sensory descriptors (SES) yielded a stable three-factor solution distinguishing superficial thermal ("heat pain ") from superficial mechanical pain ("sharp pain") and "deep pain." "Heat pain " and "deep pain" in L-DOMS were almost identical to sensory descriptors from electrical stimulation of fascial tissue (L-PAIN, all p > 0.679) but significantly different from muscle pain (all p < 0.029). The differences in sensory description patterns as well as in PPT and self-reported DOMS for palpation pain scores suggest that DOMS has a fascial rather than a muscular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany.
- Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany.
- Vienna School of Osteopathy, 1130, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christoph Egner
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, 37242, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Osteopathic Research Institute, Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, 22297, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schilder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Gholipour Aghdam GM, Alizadeh MH, Minoonejad H, Shirzad E, Wilke J. Knee Biomechanics During Neurocognitively Challenged Drop Landings in Male Elite Soccer Players with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Sports Med Open 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38411754 PMCID: PMC10899557 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive decision-making during athletic movement has been demonstrated to evoke unfavorable biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, the current evidence is based on assessments of healthy individuals. We aimed to investigate unplanned jump landing kinetics and knee kinematics in ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) and non-injured athletes. METHODS A total of 30 male professional soccer players (n = 15 ACLR after return to play, n = 15 matched controls) performed six drop landings onto a force plate. As a neurocognitive challenge requiring decision-making, a diode flashing in randomly selected colors indicated the requested landing location. Knee joint kinematics (flexion, valgus and tibial rotation angles) assessed with a 10-camera motion capture system, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), time to stabilization (TTS) and length of the center of pressure (COP) trace (all analyzed from force plate data) were calculated. Cognitive function was assessed using the CNS Vital Signs battery. RESULTS The ACLR group produced lower knee flexion angles than the control group (median [interquartile range] 50.00° [6.60] vs. 55.20° [4.45], p = .02). In addition, path length of the center of pressure (379 mm [56.20] vs. 344 mm [37.00], p = .04) and ground reaction force (3.21 N/kg [0.66] vs. 2.87 N/kg [0.48], p = .01) were higher for the ACLR group. No differences were found for knee valgus (p = .96), tibial rotation (p = .83) and TTS (p = .82). ACLR participants scored lower for reaction time (p = .02) and processing speed (p = .01). Unfavorable knee biomechanics were more often related to cognitive function in the ACLR group than in the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Impaired reactive decision-making during athletic movement may contribute to the high re-injury risk in individuals with ACLR. Prospective studies confirming potential cause-effect relationships are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mohammad Gholipour Aghdam
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirzad
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria.
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Warneke K, Konrad A, Wilke J. The knowledge of movement experts about stretching effects: Does the science reach practice? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295571. [PMID: 38277378 PMCID: PMC10817148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stretching is performed with numerous purposes in multiple settings such as prevention, rehabilitation, fitness training and sports. Its patterns of use substantially depend on the education and beliefs of health care and exercise professionals as they represent the multiplicators recommending and prescribing interventions to clients, patients and athletes. This study investigated movement experts' knowledge about the scientific evidence on stretching effects. DESIGN Survey study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 117 exercise and health professionals (physiotherapists, sports scientists, coaches) attending a training convention in Austria (male: n = 44, female: n = 73, 36±11 years) completed a digital survey. With its 22 items, the questionnaire addressed the movement experts' awareness of the evidence on stretching effects regarding a variety of related topics selected based on the findings of topical systematic reviews. RESULTS The majority of the individuals (57-88%) assumed positive effects of stretching on recovery, prevention of muscle injury, range of motion, muscular imbalance and artery elasticity. No or adverse effects were mostly claimed on bone injury prevention, maximal/explosive strength, and delayed-onset muscle soreness. In only 10 of 22 items, participants' classifications were in accord with the scientific evidence. CONCLUSIONS The awareness of research findings on stretching effects among exercise and health professionals is alarmingly low. Future studies may hence be geared to improve implementation and science communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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Hoenig T, Rahlf L, Wilke J, Krauß I, Dalos D, Willwacher S, Mai P, Hollander K, Fohrmann D, Krosshaug T, Gronwald T. Appraising the Methodological Quality of Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies: The QA-SIVAS Scale. Sports Med 2024; 54:203-211. [PMID: 37632664 PMCID: PMC10799118 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Video analysis (VA) is commonly used in the assessment of sports injuries and has received considerable research interest. Until now, no tool has been available for the assessment of study quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a valid instrument that reliably assesses the methodological quality of VA studies. METHODS The Quality Appraisal for Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies (QA-SIVAS) scale was developed using a modified Delphi approach including expert consensus and pilot testing. Reliability was examined through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and free-marginal kappa statistics by three independent raters. Construct validity was investigated by comparing QA-SIVAS with expert ratings by using Kendall's tau analysis. Rating time was studied by applying the scale to 21 studies and computing the mean time for rating per study article. RESULTS The QA-SIVAS scale consists of an 18-item checklist addressing the study design, data source, conduct, report, and discussion of VA studies in sports injury research. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent with ICCs > 0.97. Expert ratings revealed a high construct validity (0.71; p < 0.001). Mean rating time was 10 ± 2 min per article. CONCLUSION QA-SIVAS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily applied to sports injury research. Future studies in the field of VA should adhere to standardized methodological criteria and strict quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hoenig
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Rahlf
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Science, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Inga Krauß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dimitris Dalos
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- UKE Athleticum, Center for Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Mai
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Fohrmann
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tron Krosshaug
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Brandl A, Wilke J, Egner C, Schmidt T, Schleip R. Effects of Maximal Eccentric Trunk Extensor Exercise on Lumbar Extramuscular Connective Tissue: A Matched-Pairs Ultrasound Study. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:447-454. [PMID: 37711713 PMCID: PMC10499134 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that the extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) is likely involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maximal trunk extension eccentric exercise (EE) on ECT thickness, self-reported DOMS, ECT stiffness, skin temperature, and possible correlations between these outcomes. Healthy adults (n = 16, 29.34 ± 9.87 years) performed fatiguing EE of the trunk. A group of highly active individuals (TR, n = 8, > 14 h of sport per week) was compared with a group of less active individuals (UTR, n = 8, < 2 h of sport per week). Ultrasound measurements of ECT thickness, stiffness with MyotonPro and IndentoPro, skin temperature with infrared thermography, and pain on palpation (100 mm visual analog scale, VAS) as a surrogate for DOMS were recorded before (t0), immediately (t1), 24 h (t24), and 48 h (t48) after EE. ECT thickness increased after EE from t0 to t24 (5.96 mm to 7.10 mm, p = 0.007) and from t0 to t48 (5.96 mm to 7.21 mm, p < 0.001). VAS also increased from t0 to t24 (15.6 mm to 23.8 mm, p < 0.001) and from t0 to t48 (15.6 mm to 22.8 mm, p < 0.001). Skin temperature increased from t1 to t24 (31.6° Celsius to 32.7° Celsius, p = 0.032) and t1 to t48 (31.6° Celsius to 32.9° Celsius, p = 0.003), while stiffness remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed no linear relationship between the outcomes within the 48-hour measurement period. The results may confirm previous findings of possible ECT involvement in the genesis of DOMS in the extremities also for the paraspinal ECT of trunk extensors. Subsequent work should focus on possible interventions targeting the ECT to prevent or reduce DOMS after strenuous muscle EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Vienna School of Osteopathy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christoph Egner
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Osteopathic Research Institute, Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Brandl A, Wilke J, Egner C, Reer R, Schmidt T, Schleip R. Thoracolumbar fascia deformation during deadlifting and trunk extension in individuals with and without back pain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1177146. [PMID: 37342497 PMCID: PMC10278943 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1177146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in posture, lumbopelvic kinematics, and movement patterns are commonly seen in patients with low back pain. Therefore, strengthening the posterior muscle chain has been shown to result in significant improvement in pain and disability status. Recent studies suggest that thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) has a major impact on the maintenance of spinal stability and paraspinal muscle activity, and thus is likely to have an equal impact on deadlift performance. Objective Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of thoracolumbar fascia deformation (TFLD) during spinal movement in track and field athletes (TF) as well as individuals with and without acute low back pain (aLBP). Methods A case-control study was performed with n = 16 aLBP patients (cases) and two control groups: untrained healthy individuals (UH, n = 16) and TF (n = 16). Participants performed a trunk extension task (TET) and a deadlift, being assessed for erector spinae muscle thickness (EST) and TLFD using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Mean deadlift velocity (VEL) and deviation of barbell path (DEV) were measured by means of a three-axis gyroscope. Group differences for TLFD during the TET were examined using ANOVA. Partial Spearman rank correlations were calculated between TLFD and VEL adjusting for baseline covariates, EST, and DEV. TLFD during deadlifting was compared between groups using ANCOVA adjusting for EST, DEV, and VEL. Results TLFD during the TET differed significantly between groups. TF had the largest TLFD (-37.6%), followed by UH (-26.4%), while aLBP patients had almost no TLFD (-2.7%). There was a strong negative correlation between TLFD and deadlift VEL in all groups (r = -0.65 to -0.89) which was highest for TF (r = -0.89). TLFD during deadlift, corrected for VEL, also differed significantly between groups. TF exhibited the smallest TLFD (-11.9%), followed by aLBP patients (-21.4%), and UH (-31.9%). Conclusion TFLD maybe a suitable parameter to distinguish LBP patients and healthy individuals during lifting tasks. The cause-effect triangle between spinal movement, TFLD and movement velocity needs to be further clarified. Clinical trial registration https://drks.de/register/de/trial/DRKS00027074/, German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00027074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Osteopathic Research Institute, Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christoph Egner
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Osteopathic Research Institute, Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department for Medical Professions, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Engeroff T, Groneberg DA, Wilke J. After Dinner Rest a While, After Supper Walk a Mile? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis on the Acute Postprandial Glycemic Response to Exercise Before and After Meal Ingestion in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Sports Med 2023; 53:849-869. [PMID: 36715875 PMCID: PMC10036272 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most effective way to cope with high blood sugar spikes is to engage in physical activity in temporal proximity to food intake. However, so far, it is unclear as to whether there is an optimal time for physical activity around food intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the impact of pre- and post-meal exercise on postprandial glucose excursions in humans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022324070. We screened MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane/CINAHL/EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge until 1 May, 2022. We used the risk of bias rating with the crossover extension of the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool II. Standardized mean differences (SMDs, Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as pooled effect estimates of a random-effects meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria included three-armed randomized controlled trials comparing the acute effects of pre- and post-meal exercise to a no-exercise control in humans. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials (crossover trials, high risk of bias) with 30 interventions in 116 participants (47 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 69 without type 2 diabetes) were eligible. Exercise after meal ingestion (real food or meal replacement drinks) led to a reduction in postprandial glucose excursions compared with exercise before eating (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.47 [95% CI 0.23, 0.70]) and an inactive control condition (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.55 [95% CI 0.34, 0.75]. Pre-meal exercise did not lead to significantly lower postprandial glucose compared to an inactive control (15 effect sizes; SMD = - 0.13 [95% CI - 0.42, 0.17]). The time between meal and exercise (estimate = - 0.0151; standard error = 0.00473; Z = - 3.19; p = 0.001; 95% CI - 0.024, - 0.006) had a moderating influence on postprandial glucose excursions. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, i.e., walking, has a greater acute beneficial impact on postprandial hyperglycemia when undertaken as soon as possible after a meal rather than after a longer interval or before eating. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The review was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022324070). The date of submission was 07.04.2022, with the registration on 08.05.2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engeroff
- Division Health and Performance, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Building 9B, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Nakamura M, Konrad A, Kasahara K, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sato S, Aizawa K, Koizumi R, Wilke J. The Combined Effect of Static Stretching and Foam Rolling With or Without Vibration on the Range of Motion, Muscle Performance, and Tissue Hardness of the Knee Extensor. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:322-327. [PMID: 35544351 PMCID: PMC7614110 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nakamura, M, Konrad, A, Kasahara, K, Yoshida, R, Murakami, Y, Sato, S, Aizawa, K, Koizumi, R, and Wilke, J. The combined effect of static stretching and foam rolling with or without vibration on the range of motion, muscle performance, and tissue hardness of the knee extensor. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 322-327, 2023-Although the combination of static stretching (SS) and foam rolling (FR) is frequently used for warm-up in sports, the effect of the intervention order is unclear. This study compared mechanical tissue properties, pain sensitivity, and motor function after SS and FR (with and without vibration) performed in different orders. Our randomized, controlled, crossover experiment included 15 healthy male subjects (22.5 ± 3.3 years) who visited the laboratory 5 times (inactive control condition, FR + SS, FR vibration + SS, SS + FR, and SS + FR vibration ) with an interval of ≥48 hours. In each session, subjects completed three 60-second bouts of FR and SS, targeting the anterior thigh. Pressure pain threshold, tissue hardness, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal voluntary isometric (MVC-ISO), and concentric (MVC-CON) torque, as well as countermovement jump height, were determined before and after the intervention. All interventions significantly ( p < 0.01) increased knee flexion ROM ( d = 0.78, d = 0.87, d = 1.39, and d = 0.87, respectively) while decreasing tissue hardness ( d = -1.25, d = -1.09, d = -1.18, and d = -1.24, respectively). However, MVC-ISO torque was significantly reduced only after FR + SS ( p = 0.05, d = -0.59). Our results suggest that SS should be followed by FR when aiming to increase ROM and reduce tissue hardness without concomitant stretch-induced force deficits (MVC-ISO, MVC-CON, and countermovement jump height). Additionally, adding vibration to FR does not seem to affect the magnitude of changes observed in the examined outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kazuki Kasahara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kodai Aizawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koizumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Tenberg S, Nosaka K, Wilke J. The Relationship Between Acute Exercise-Induced Changes in Extramuscular Connective Tissue Thickness and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Sports Med - Open 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 35482217 PMCID: PMC9050985 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) has been shown to play a significant role in mechanical force transmission between musculoskeletal structures. Due to this and owing to its tight connection with the underlying muscle, the ECT may be vulnerable to excessive loading. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric elbow flexor exercise on the morphology of the biceps brachii ECT. In view of the high nociceptive capacity of the ECT, an additional objective was to elucidate the potential relationship between ECT damage and the occurrence of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods Eleven healthy participants (♂ = 7; 24 ± 2 years) performed fatiguing dumbbell elbow flexor eccentric exercise (EE) for one arm and concentric exercise (CE) for the other arm in random order and with random arm allocation. Before, immediately after and 24–96 h post-exercise, maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of the elbow flexors (dynamometer), pressure pain (algometer), palpation pain (100 mm visual analog scale), biceps brachii ECT thickness and ECT/muscle mobility during passive movement (both high-resolution ultrasound) were examined. Results Palpation pain, suggestive of DOMS, was greater after EE than CE, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque decreased greater after EE than CE (p < .05). Relative to CE, EE increased ECT thickness at 48 (+ 17%), 72 (+ 14%) and 96 (+ 15%) hours post-exercise (p < .05). At 96 h post-EE, the increase in ECT thickness correlated with palpation pain (r = .68; p < .05). ECT mobility was not different between conditions, but compared to CE, muscle displacement increased at 24 (+ 31%), 72 (+ 31%) and 96 (+ 41%) hours post-EE (p < .05). Conclusion Collectively, these results suggest an involvement of the ECT changes in delayed onset muscle soreness.
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Wilke J, Rahlf AL, Füzéki E, Groneberg DA, Hespanhol L, Mai P, de Oliveira GM, Robbin J, Tan B, Willwacher S, Hollander K, Pillay JD. Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants. Sports Med Open 2022; 8:125. [PMID: 36219269 PMCID: PMC9551244 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Many countries have restricted public life in order to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). As a side effect of related measures, physical activity (PA) levels may have decreased. Objective We aimed (1) to quantify changes in PA and (2) to identify variables potentially predicting PA reductions. Methods A systematic review with random-effects multilevel meta-analysis was performed, pooling the standardized mean differences in PA measures before and during public life restrictions. Results A total of 173 trials with moderate methodological quality (modified Downs and Black checklist) were identified. Compared to pre-pandemic, total PA (SMD − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.10 to − 0.21) and walking (SMD − 0.52, 95% CI − 0.29 to − 0.76) decreased while sedentary behavior increased (SMD 0.91, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.65). Reductions in PA affected all intensities (light: SMD − 0.35, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.61, p = .013; moderate: SMD − 0.33, 95% CI − 0.02 to − 0.6; vigorous: SMD − 0.33, − 0.08 to − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.58) to a similar degree. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of variables such as sex, age, body mass index, or health status. However, the only continent without a PA reduction was Australia and cross-sectional trials yielded higher effect sizes (p < .05). Conclusion Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in moderate reductions in PA levels and large increases in sedentary behavior. Health professionals and policy makers should therefore join forces to develop strategies counteracting the adverse effects of inactivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anna Lina Rahlf
- grid.449681.60000 0001 2111 1904Department of Sports Science, Institute of Health, Nutrition and Sports Science, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Eszter Füzéki
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David A. Groneberg
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- grid.412268.b0000 0001 0298 4494Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mai
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Martins de Oliveira
- grid.412268.b0000 0001 0298 4494Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johanna Robbin
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Benedict Tan
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- grid.461732.5Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian David Pillay
- grid.412114.30000 0000 9360 9165Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Rhim HC, Tenforde A, Mohr L, Hollander K, Vogt L, Groneberg DA, Wilke J. Association between physical activity and musculoskeletal pain: an analysis of international data from the ASAP survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059525. [PMID: 36123076 PMCID: PMC9486184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of physical activity (PA) with musculoskeletal pain (MSK pain). DESIGN Cross-sectional study SETTING: 14 countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland and the USA). PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 18 or older. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES PA volumes were assessed with an adapted version of the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-short. Prevalence of MSK pain was captured by means of a 20-item checklist of body locations. Based on the WHO recommendation on PA, participants were classified as non-compliers (0-150 min/week), compliers (150-300 min/week), double compliers (300-450 min/week), triple compliers (450-600 min/week), quadruple compliers (600-750 min/week), quintuple compliers (750-900 min/week) and top compliers (more than 900 min/week). Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted ORs of the association between PA and MSK pain for each body location, correcting for age, sex, employment status and depression risk. RESULTS A total of 13 741 participants completed the survey. Compared with non-compliers, compliers had smaller odds of MSK pain in one location (thoracic pain, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.93). Double compliance was associated with reduced pain occurrence in six locations (elbow, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98; forearm, OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.99; wrist, OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98; hand, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.79; fingers, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.99; abdomen, OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.91). Triple to top compliance was also linked with lower odds of MSK pain (five locations in triple compliance, three in quadruple compliance, two in quintuple compliance, three in top compliance), but, at the same time, presented increased odds of MSK pain in some of the other locations. CONCLUSION A dose of 300-450 min WHO-equivalent PA/week was associated with lower odds of MSK pain in six body locations. On the other hand, excessive doses of PA were associated with higher odds of pain in certain body locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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Mohr L, Rhim H, Tenforde AS, Vogt L, Groneberg D, Wilke J. Optimal Dose Of Physical Activity To Reduce Musculoskeletal Pain: A Mulitnational Analysis Of Survey Data. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000882256.19848.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Koch V, Wilke J. Reliability of a New Indentometer Device for Measuring Myofascial Tissue Stiffness. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175194. [PMID: 36079124 PMCID: PMC9457058 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in tissue stiffness are associated with pathological conditions such as myofascial pain and increased risk of muscle injury. Furthermore, they have been shown to modify performance indicators such as running economy or jump height. Indentometry is an affordable way to assess tissue stiffness. However, to date, there is a paucity of studies examining the measurement properties of available devices. With this trial, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of the “IndentoPro”. Two investigators repeatedly measured the stiffness of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in healthy participants (N = 35), using 5 and 10 mm indentation depths. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) revealed moderate inter-rater reliability (5 mm: ICC3,1 0.74, 95%CI = 0.54 to 0.86, p < 0.001; 10 mm: ICC3,1 0.59, 95%CI = 0.27 to 0.78, p < 0.001) and good intra-rater reliability (5 mm: ICC3,1 0.84, 95%CI = 0.71 to 0.92, p < 0.001; 10 mm: ICC3,1 0.83, 95%CI = 0.69 to 0.91, p < 0.001). No correlations between age, height, weight, BMI, skinfold thickness and myofascial tissue stiffness were observed (p > 0.5). In conclusion, the IndentoPro is reliable in assessing calf tissue stiffness, but the predictors of stiffness remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Koch
- Diploma Hochschule, 37242 Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wilke J, Schwiete C, Behringer M. Effects of Maximal Eccentric Exercise on Deep Fascia Stiffness of the Knee Flexors: A Pilot Study using Shear-Wave Elastography. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:419-425. [PMID: 36157390 PMCID: PMC9459765 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deep fascia is intimately linked to skeletal muscle and may be involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The present study therefore explored the effect of eccentric exercise on fascia stiffness and its relation with DOMS. Healthy active male adults (n = 19, 27 ± 4 years) performed 6 x 10 maximal eccentric knee flexions using an isokinetic dynamometer. Before (baseline) as well as immediately (T0), 1 hour (T1), and each day up to 72 hours (T24 to T72) afterwards, shear wave elastography was used to measure the mechanical stiffness of the biceps femoris muscle and the overlying fascia. As a surrogate of DOMS, pain upon palpation was captured by means of a 100mm visual analogue scale. While muscle stiffness remained unchanged (p > 0.05), deep fascia stiffness increased from baseline to T24 (median: 18 kPa to 21.12 kPa, p = 0.017) and T72 (median: 18 kPa to 21.3 kPa, p = 0.001) post-exercise. Linear regression showed an association of stiffness changes at T24 and pressure pain at T72 (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.05). Maximal eccentric exercise leads to a stiffening of the fascia, which, in turn, is related to the magnitude of future DOMS. Upcoming research should therefore gauge the effectiveness of interventions modifying the mechanical properties of the connective tissue in order to accelerate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Carsten Schwiete
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Behringer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Wilke J, Mohr L, Yuki G, Bhundoo AK, Jiménez-Pavón D, Laiño F, Murphy N, Novak B, Nuccio S, Ortega-Gómez S, Pillay JD, Richter F, Rum L, Sanchez-Ramírez C, Url D, Vogt L, Hespanhol L. Train at home, but not alone: a randomised controlled multicentre trial assessing the effects of live-streamed tele-exercise during COVID-19-related lockdowns. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:667-675. [PMID: 35168957 PMCID: PMC8861875 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic caused reductions in physical activity (PA) and decreases in mental and somatic health. Considering the interplay between these factors, we investigated the effects of digital home exercise (DHE) during government-enforced lockdowns. METHODS A multicentre randomised controlled trial was performed allocating healthy individuals from nine countries (N=763; 523 female) to a DHE or an inactive control group. During the 4-week main intervention, DHE members engaged in live-streamed multicomponent home exercise. Subsequently, both groups had access to prerecorded workouts for an additional 4 weeks. Outcomes, assessed weekly, included PA level (Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7), mental well-being (WHO-5 Questionnaire), sleep quality (Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale), pain/disability (Chronic Pain Grade Scale) and exercise motivation (Self-Concordance Scale). Mixed models were used for analysis. RESULTS Live-streamed DHE consistently increased moderate PA (eg, week 1: 1.65 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) and vigorous PA (eg, week 1: 1.31 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61), although the effects decreased over time. In addition, exercise motivation, sleep quality and anxiety were slightly improved for DHE in the 4-week live streaming period. The same applied to mental well-being (mean difference at week 4: +0.99, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.86), but an inverted trend was observed after live streaming was substituted by prerecorded exercise. CONCLUSIONS Live-streamed DHE represents an efficacious method to enhance PA and selected markers of health during pandemic-related public life restrictions. However, research on implementation is warranted to reduce dropout rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00021273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gustavo Yuki
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelle Kemlall Bhundoo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, CIBERFES, Cádiz, Spain, Cadiz, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Exercise is Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laiño
- Fundación Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Niamh Murphy
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Bernhard Novak
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefano Nuccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Ortega-Gómez
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, CIBERFES, Cádiz, Spain, Cadiz, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Exercise is Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian David Pillay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Falk Richter
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Rum
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Celso Sanchez-Ramírez
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - David Url
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilke J, Tenberg S, Groneberg D. Prognostic factors of muscle injury in elite football players: A media-based, retrospective 5-year analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 55:305-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nakamura M, Konrad A, Ryosuke K, Sato S, Yahata K, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sanuki F, Wilke J. Sex Differences in the Mechanical and Neurophysiological Response to Roller Massage of the Plantar Flexors. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:665-671. [PMID: 35321127 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-massage using foam rollers, sticks, or balls has become a popular technique to enhance joint range of motion (ROM). Although increases are reported to be larger in females than males, the mechanisms of this observation are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of roller massage (RM) on ROM, passive tissue stiffness, and neurophysiological markers as a function of sex. Males (n = 15, 22.8 ± 2.9 yrs.) and females (n = 14, 21.1 ± 0.7 yrs.) performed three 60-second bouts of calf RM. Outcomes assessed pre-, and post-intervention included passive dorsiflexion (DF) ROM, passive tissue stiffness, passive torque, DF angle at the first stretch sensation, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability. DF ROM (+35.9 %), passive torque at DF ROM (+46.4 %), DF angle at first stretch sensation (+32.9 %), and pain pressure threshold (+25.2 %) increased in both groups (p<.05) with no differences between males and females (p > 0.05). No changes were observed for passive stiffness, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability (p > 0.05). Roller massage may increase ROM independently of sex, which, in the present study, could not be ascribed to alterations in passive stiffness or neurophysiological markers. Future studies may further elucidate the role of sensory alterations as possible factors driving RM-induced changes in flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kiyono Ryosuke
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Futaba Sanuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Schroeder J, Wilke J, Hollander K. Effects of Foam Rolling Duration on Tissue Stiffness and Perfusion: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:626-634. [PMID: 35321144 PMCID: PMC8488834 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite its beneficial effects on flexibility and muscle soreness, there is still conflicting evidence regarding dose-response relationships and underlying mechanisms of foam rolling (FR). This study aimed to investigate the impact of different FR protocols on tissue perfusion and tissue stiffness. In a randomized crossover trial, two FR protocols (2x1 min, 2x3 min) were applied to the right anterior thigh of twenty healthy volunteers (11 females, 25 ± 4 years). Tissue perfusion (near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) and stiffness (Tensiomyography, TMG and Myotonometry, MMT) were assessed before and after FR application. Variance analyses revealed a significant interaction of FR duration and tissue perfusion (F[1,19] = 7.098, p = 0.015). Local blood flow increased significantly from pre to post test (F[1,19] = 7.589, p = 0.013), being higher (Δ +9.7%) in the long-FR condition than in the short-FR condition (Δ +2.8%). Tissue stiffness (MMT) showed significant main effects for time (F[1,19] = 12.074, p = 0.003) and condition (F[1,19] = 7.165, p = 0.015) with decreases after short-FR (Δ -1.6%) and long-FR condition (Δ -1.9%). However, there was no time*dose-interaction (F[1,19] = 0.018, p = 0.895). No differences were found for TMG (p > 0.05). FR-induced changes failed to exceed the minimal detectable change threshold (MDC). Our data suggest that increased blood flow and altered tissue stiffness may mediate the effects of FR although statistical MDC thresholds were not achieved. Longer FR durations seem to be more beneficial for perfusion which is of interest for exercise professionals designing warm-up and cool-down regimes. Further research is needed to understand probable effects on parasympathetic outcomes representing systemic physiological responses to locally applied FR stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schroeder
- University of Hamburg, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Hollander K, Wilke J, Zech A. Response to: Comment on: "Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression". Sports Med 2021; 52:189. [PMID: 34480739 PMCID: PMC8761130 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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23
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Stief F, Holder J, Feja Z, Lotfolahpour A, Meurer A, Wilke J. Impact of subject-specific step width modification on the knee and hip adduction moments during gait. Gait Posture 2021; 89:161-168. [PMID: 34303070 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit an increased step width (SW) during walking before and up to 2 years after total hip arthroplasty. Wider SW is associated with a reduction in the external knee adduction moment (KAM), but there is a lack of research regarding the effect of SW on the hip adduction moment (HAM). RESEARCH QUESTION Is a wider SW an effective compensatory mechanism to reduce the hip joint loading? We hypothesized that (1) an increased SW reduces, (2) a decreased SW increases the KAM/HAM, and (3) secondary kinematic gait changes have an effect on the KAM/HAM. METHODS Twenty healthy individuals (24.0 ± 2.5 years of age) underwent instrumented gait analyses with 4 different subject-specific SW modifications (habitual, halved, double, and triple SW). The resulting external KAMs and HAMs were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). RESULTS Post hoc testing demonstrated significantly lower HAM for both the double (p < 0.001, 15-31 % and 61-98 % of the stance phase) and the triple SW (p < 0.001, 1-36 % and 58-98 %) compared to the habitual SW. The extent of the reduction at the first and second peak was comparable for HAM (15-25 % reduction) and less pronounced at the first peak of KAM (9-11 % reduction) compared to the second peak of KAM (19-28 % reduction). In contrast, halving the SW did not lead to a significant change in KAM or HAM compared to the habitual SW (p > 0.009). SIGNIFICANCE An increase in SW is an effective and simple gait mechanism to reduce the frontal plane knee and hip joint moments. However, hypothesis 2 could not be confirmed, as halving the SW did not cause a significant change in KAM or HAM. Given the results of the present study, gait retraining with regard to an increased SW may be an adequate, noninvasive option for the treatment of patients with hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stief
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Jana Holder
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Zoe Feja
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Arian Lotfolahpour
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Sports Medicine, Ginnheimer Landstraße 32, 60487 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Sports Medicine, Ginnheimer Landstraße 32, 60487 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Griesinger F, Sebastian M, Brückl W, Hummel HD, Jaeschke B, Kern J, Schumann C, Wesseler C, Jänicke M, Fleitz A, Zacharias S, Hipper A, Groth A, Weichert W, Dörfel S, Petersen V, Schröder J, Wilke J, Eberhardt W, Thomas M. 1325P Checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in potentially study-eligible or non-study-eligible NSCLC patients in the German CRISP registry real-world cohort (AIO-TRK-0315). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Giesche F, Stief F, Groneberg DA, Wilke J. Effect of unplanned athletic movement on knee mechanics: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1366-1378. [PMID: 34344709 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of pre-planned and unplanned movement tasks on knee biomechanics in uninjured individuals. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) were searched from inception to November 2020. Cross-sectional, (randomised) controlled/non-controlled trials comparing knee angles/moments of pre-planned and unplanned single-leg landings/cuttings were included. Quality of evidence was assessed using the tool of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group. METHODS A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random-effects meta-regression model was used to pool the standardised mean differences (SMD) of knee mechanics between pre-planned and unplanned tasks. The influence of possible effect modifiers (eg, competitive performance level) was examined in a moderator analysis. RESULTS Twenty-five trials (485 participants) with good methodological quality (Downs and Black) were identified. Quality of evidence was downgraded due to potential risk of bias (eg, confounding). Moderate-quality evidence indicates that unplanned tasks evoked significantly higher external knee abduction (SMD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.51, 14 studies) and tibial internal rotation moments (SMD: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.79, 11 studies). No significant between-condition differences were detected for sagittal plane mechanics (p>0.05). According to the moderator analysis, increased abduction moments particularly occurred in non-professional athletes (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.95, 5 studies). CONCLUSION Unplanned movement entails higher knee abduction and tibial internal rotation moments, which could predispose for knee injury. Exercise professionals designing injury-prevention protocols, especially for non-elite athletes, should consider the implementation of assessments and exercises requiring time-constrained decision-making. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019140331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Giesche
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Stief
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), Movement Analysis Lab, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Division of Health and Performance, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Giesche F, Vieluf S, Wilke J, Engeroff T, Niederer D, Banzer W. Cortical Motor Planning and Biomechanical Stability During Unplanned Jump-Landings in Males With ACL-Reconstruction. J Athl Train 2021; 57:547-556. [PMID: 35969662 PMCID: PMC9387379 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0544.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction exhibit increased cortical motor planning during simple sensorimotor tasks compared to healthy controls. This may interfere with proper decision-making during time-constrained movements elevating the re-injury risk. OBJECTIVE To compare cortical motor planning and biomechanical stability during jump-landings between participants with ACL-reconstruction and healthy individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional exploratory study. SETTING Laboratory patients or other participants: Ten males with ACL-reconstruction (28±4 yrs., 63±35 months post-surgery) and 17 healthy males (28±4 yrs.) completed pre-planned (landing leg shown before take-off; n=43±4) and unplanned (visual cue during flight; n=51±5) countermovement-jumps with single-leg-landings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP) and frontal theta frequency power before the jump were analyzed using electroencephalography. MRCP were subdivided into three successive 0.5 sec epochs (readiness potential 1 and 2; RP and negative slope; NS) relative to movement onset (higher values indicative of more motor planning). Theta power was calculated for the last 0.5 sec prior to movement onset (higher values indicative of more focused attention). Biomechanical landing stability was measured via vertical peak ground reaction force, time to stabilization, and center of pressure. RESULTS Both conditions evoked MRCP at all epochs in both groups. During the unplanned condition, the ACL-reconstructed group exhibited slightly, but not significantly higher MRCP (RP-1:p=0.651, d=0.44, RP-2:p=0.451, d=0.48; NS:p=0.482, d=0.41). The ACL-reconstructed group also showed slightly higher theta power values during the pre-planned (p=0.175, d=0.5) and unplanned condition (p=0.422, d=0.3) reaching small to moderate effect sizes. In none of the biomechanical outcomes, both groups differed significantly (p>0.05). No significant condition and group interactions occurred (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our jump-landing task evoked MRCP. Although not significant between groups, the observed effect sizes provide first indication that males with ACL-reconstruction may persistently rely on more cortical motor planning associated with unplanned jump-landings. Confirmatory studies with larger sample sizes are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRY clinicalTrials.gov (NCT03336060).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Wilke
- *Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Vogel O, Niederer D, Wilke J, El-Rajab I, Vogt L. Habitual Physical Activity and Sleep Duration in Institutionalized Older Adults. Front Neurol 2021; 12:706340. [PMID: 34385973 PMCID: PMC8353363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.706340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity and sleep quality are both major factors for improving one's health. Knowledge on the interactions of sleep quality and the amount of physical activity may be helpful for implementing multimodal health interventions in older adults. Methods: This preliminary cross-sectional study is based on 64 participants [82.1 ± 6.4 years (MD ± SD); 22 male: 42 female]. The amount of physical activity was assessed by means of an accelerometer (MyWellness Key). Self-reported sleep parameters were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Barthel Index was used for physical disability rating. Bivariate correlations (Spearman's Rho) were used to explore relationships between the amount of physical activity and sleep quality. To analyse differences between categorial subgroups univariate ANOVAs were applied; in cases of significance, these were followed by Tukey-HSD post-hoc analyses. Results: No linear association between physical activity and sleep quality was found (r = 0.119; p > 0.05). In subgroup analyses (n = 41, Barthel Index ≥90 pts, free of pre-existing conditions), physical activity levels differed significantly between groups of different sleep duration (≥7 h; ≥6 to <7 h; ≥5 to <6 h; <5h; p = 0.037). Conclusion: There is no general association between higher activity levels and better sleep quality in the investigated cohort. However, a sleep duration of ≥5 to <6 h, corresponding to 7.6 h bed rest time, was associated with a higher level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vogel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Inaam El-Rajab
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wilke J, Groneberg DA. Neurocognitive function and musculoskeletal injury risk in sports: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:41-45. [PMID: 34303619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A variety of modifiable risk factors has been suggested to predict musculoskeletal injury in sports. Screening paradigms and exercise-based prevention programs, so far, frequently focused on physical parameters such as strength, balance or flexibility. However, less is known with regard to the impact of brain function. We investigated the relation between cognition and the occurrence of injury in athletes. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Database searches using Pubmed, Web of Science and Google Scholar returned nine cohort and case-control studies, which almost exclusively examined college athletes engaging in open skill sports. Methodological quality, rated by means of a modified Downs and Black checklist, was moderate (12/17 points). RESULTS Seven out of the nine included studies suggested that lower-order cognitive function (i.e. visuomotor reaction time) is systematically associated with the occurrence of injury. No paper examined the impact of executive function. CONCLUSIONS Despite initial evidence pointing towards a potentially injury-predictive role of lower-order cognitive function, several issues including the use of more variable populations and outcomes remain to be addressed before definitive recommendations for clinicians can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Division of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - David A Groneberg
- Division of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Nakamura M, Konrad A, Kiyono R, Sato S, Yahata K, Yoshida R, Yasaka K, Murakami Y, Sanuki F, Wilke J. Local and Non-local Effects of Foam Rolling on Passive Soft Tissue Properties and Spinal Excitability. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702042. [PMID: 34248682 PMCID: PMC8267519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In sports and clinical settings, roller massage (RM) interventions are used to acutely increase range of motion (ROM); however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Apart from changes in soft tissue properties (i.e., reduced passive stiffness), neurophysiological alterations such as decreased spinal excitability have been described. However, to date, no study has investigated both jointly. The purpose of this trial was to examine RM’s effects on neurophysiological markers and passive tissue properties of the plantar flexors in the treated (ROLL) and non-treated (NO-ROLL) leg. Fifteen healthy individuals (23 ± 3 years, eight females) performed three unilateral 60-s bouts of calf RM. This procedure was repeated four times on separate days to allow independent assessments of the following outcomes without reciprocal interactions: dorsiflexion ROM, passive torque during passive dorsiflexion, shear elastic modulus of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, and spinal excitability. Following RM, dorsiflexion ROM increased in both ROLL (+19.7%) and NO-ROLL (+13.9%). Similarly, also passive torque at dorsiflexion ROM increased in ROLL (+15.0%) and NO-ROLL (+15.2%). However, there were no significant changes in shear elastic modulus and spinal excitability (p > 0.05). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the changes in DF ROM and passive torque at DF ROM in both ROLL and NO-ROLL. Changes in ROM after RM appear to be the result of sensory changes (e.g., passive torque at DF ROM), affecting both rolled and non-rolled body regions. Thus, therapists and exercise professionals may consider applying remote treatments if local loading is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ryosuke Kiyono
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koki Yasaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Futaba Sanuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Schmitt M, Vogt L, Wilke J, Niederer D. Unilateral and bilateral training competitive archers differ in some potentially unhealthy neck-shoulder region movement behaviour characteristics. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:44. [PMID: 33902697 PMCID: PMC8077866 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive unilateral joint loads may lead to overuse disorders. Bilateral training in archery is only performed as a supportive coordination training and as a variation of typical exercise. However, a series of studies demonstrated a crossover transfer of training-induced motor skills to the contralateral side, especially in case of mainly unilateral skills. We compared the cervical spine and shoulder kinematics of unilateral and bilateral training archers. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 25 (5 females, 48 ± 14 years) bilaterally training and 50 age-, sex- and level-matched (1:2; 47.3 ± 13.9 years) unilaterally training competitive archers were included. Cervical range of motion (RoM, all planes) and glenohumeral rotation were assessed with an ultrasound-based 3D motion analysis system. Upward rotation of the scapula during abduction and elevation of the arm were measured by means of a digital inclinometer and active shoulder mobility by means of an electronic caliper. All outcomes were compared between groups (unilaterally vs. bilaterally) and sides (pull-hand- vs. bow-hand-side). RESULTS Unilateral and bilateral archers showed no between group and no side-to-side-differences in either of the movement direction of the cervical spine. The unilateral archers had higher pull-arm-side total glenohumeral rotation than the bilateral archers (mean, 95% CI), (148°, 144-152° vs. 140°, 135°-145°). In particular, internal rotation (61°, 58-65° vs. 56°, 51-61°) and more upward rotation of the scapula at 45 degrees (12°, 11-14° vs. 8°, 6-10°), 90 degrees (34°, 31-36° vs. 28°, 24-32°), 135 degrees (56°, 53-59° vs. 49°, 46-53°), and maximal (68°, 65-70° vs. 62°, 59-65°) arm abduction differed. The bow- and pull-arm of the unilateral, but not of the bilateral archers, differed in the active mobility of the shoulder (22 cm, 20-24 cm vs. 18 cm, 16-20 cm). CONCLUSIONS Unilaterally training archers display no unphysiologic movement behaviour of the cervical spine, but show distinct shoulder asymmetris in the bow- and pull-arm-side when compared to bilateral archers in glenohumeral rotation, scapula rotation during arm abduction, and active mobility of the shoulder. These asymmetries in may exceed physiological performance-enhancing degrees. Bilateral training may seems appropriate in archery to prevent asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Schmitt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, D-60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, D-60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, D-60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, D-60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Taskin B, Bender R, Schäller S, Wilke J, Pennig D, Mannil L. [Soft tissue reconstruction of the lower extremity with cross-leg flap as a salvage procedure]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2021; 53:383-385. [PMID: 33851376 DOI: 10.1055/a-1276-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wilke J, Hollander K, Mohr L, Edouard P, Fossati C, González-Gross M, Sánchez Ramírez C, Laiño F, Tan B, Pillay JD, Pigozzi F, Jimenez-Pavon D, Sattler MC, Jaunig J, Zhang M, van Poppel M, Heidt C, Willwacher S, Vogt L, Verhagen E, Hespanhol L, Tenforde AS. Drastic Reductions in Mental Well-Being Observed Globally During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From the ASAP Survey. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:578959. [PMID: 33842492 PMCID: PMC8032868 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.578959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have repeatedly restricted public life to control the contagion. However, the health impact of confinement measures is hitherto unclear. We performed a multinational survey investigating changes in mental and physical well-being (MWB/PWB) during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 14,975 individuals from 14 countries provided valid responses. Compared to pre-restrictions, MWB, as measured by the WHO-5 questionnaire, decreased considerably during restrictions (68.1 ± 16.9 to 51.9 ± 21.0 points). Whereas 14.2% of the participants met the cutoff for depression screening pre-restrictions, this share tripled to 45.2% during restrictions. Factors associated with clinically relevant decreases in MWB were female sex (odds ratio/OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.29), high physical activity levels pre-restrictions (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.42), decreased vigorous physical activity during restrictions (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23), and working (partially) outside the home vs. working remotely (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44/OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23-1.47). Reductions, although smaller, were also seen for PWB. Scores in the SF-36 bodily pain subscale decreased from 85.8 ± 18.7% pre-restrictions to 81.3 ± 21.9% during restrictions. Clinically relevant decrements of PWB were associated with female sex (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.50-1.75), high levels of public life restrictions (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.36), and young age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19). Study findings suggest lockdowns instituted during the COVID-19 pandemic may have had substantial adverse public health effects. The development of interventions mitigating losses in MWB and PWB is, thus, paramount when preparing for forthcoming waves of COVID-19 or future public life restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Sánchez Ramírez
- School of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Laiño
- Fundación Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benedict Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian David Pillay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - David Jimenez-Pavon
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, Madrid, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Matteo C. Sattler
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mandy Zhang
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heidt
- Department of Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers—Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers—Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam S. Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Wilke J, Mohr L, Tenforde AS, Edouard P, Fossati C, González-Gross M, Sánchez Ramírez C, Laiño F, Tan B, Pillay JD, Pigozzi F, Jimenez-Pavon D, Novak B, Jaunig J, Zhang M, van Poppel M, Heidt C, Willwacher S, Yuki G, Lieberman DE, Vogt L, Verhagen E, Hespanhol L, Hollander K. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052235. [PMID: 33668262 PMCID: PMC7967678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as in vigorous physical activity only (VPA) were assessed using the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Data were obtained for leisure and occupational PA pre- and during restrictions. Compliance with PA guidelines was calculated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, n = 13,503 respondents (39 ± 15 years, 59% females) were surveyed. Compared to pre-restrictions, overall self-reported PA declined by 41% (MVPA) and 42.2% (VPA). Reductions were higher for occupational vs. leisure time, young and old vs. middle-aged persons, previously more active vs. less active individuals, but similar between men and women. Compared to pre-pandemic, compliance with WHO guidelines decreased from 80.9% (95% CI: 80.3–81.7) to 62.5% (95% CI: 61.6–63.3). Results suggest PA levels have substantially decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders should consider strategies to mitigate loss in PA in order to preserve health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Adam S. Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint Etienne, France;
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise Is Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Celso Sánchez Ramírez
- Sciences of Physical Activitiy, Sports and Health School, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile;
| | - Fernando Laiño
- Fundación Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires 1885, Argentina;
| | - Benedict Tan
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (B.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Julian David Pillay
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - David Jimenez-Pavon
- Exercise Is Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Bernhard Novak
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (J.J.); (M.v.P.)
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (J.J.); (M.v.P.)
| | - Mandy Zhang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (B.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (J.J.); (M.v.P.)
| | - Christoph Heidt
- Department of Orthopedics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, 77652 Offenburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Yuki
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo 03071-000, Brazil; (G.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Daniel E. Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo 03071-000, Brazil; (G.Y.); (L.H.)
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.)
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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Hollander K, Rahlf AL, Wilke J, Edler C, Steib S, Junge A, Zech A. Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Sports Med 2021; 51:1011-1039. [PMID: 33433864 PMCID: PMC8053184 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running is a popular sport with high injury rates. Although risk factors have intensively been investigated, synthesized knowledge about the differences in injury rates of female and male runners is scarce. OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the differences in injury rates and characteristics between female and male runners. METHODS Database searches (PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus) were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the keywords "running AND injur*". Prospective studies reporting running related injury rates for both sexes were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the risk ratios (RR) for the occurrence of injuries in female vs. male runners. Potential moderators (effect modifiers) were analysed using meta-regression. RESULTS After removal of duplicates, 12,215 articles were screened. Thirty-eight studies were included and the OR of 31 could be pooled in the quantitative analysis. The overall injury rate was 20.8 (95% CI 19.9-21.7) injuries per 100 female runners and 20.4 (95% CI 19.7-21.1) injuries per 100 male runners. Meta-analysis revealed no differences between sexes for overall injuries reported per 100 runners (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.10, n = 24) and per hours or athlete exposure (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, n = 6). Female sex was associated with a more frequent occurrence of bone stress injury (RR (for males) 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.76, n = 5) while male runners had higher risk for Achilles tendinopathies (RR 1. 86, 95% CI 1.25-2.79, n = 2). Meta-regression showed an association between a higher injury risk and competition distances of 10 km and shorter in female runners (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.69). CONCLUSION Differences between female and male runners in specific injury diagnoses should be considered in the development of individualised and sex-specific prevention and rehabilitation strategies to manage running-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hollander
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding National Running Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Lina Rahlf
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher Edler
- Prevention, Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Sports Medicine, BG Trauma Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Steib
- Department of Human Movement, Training and Active Aging, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Wilke J, Mohr L. Chronic effects of high-intensity functional training on motor function: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21680. [PMID: 33303848 PMCID: PMC7728805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become a popular method in the sports and fitness sector. In contrast to unimodal approaches such as strength or endurance training, it has been hypothesized to induce concurrent adaptations in multiple markers of motor function. However, to date, the effectiveness of HIFT in this regard has not been studied. The present systematic review quantified the chronic effects of HIFT on motor function in healthy individuals. A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random effects meta-regession model was used to pool the standardized mean differences (SMD) between (a) HIFT and (b) no-exercise (NEX) as well as conventional endurance, resistance and balance training for outcomes of muscle strength, endurance capacity and balance. The influence of possible effect modifiers such as program duration, session duration, age or sex was examined in a moderator analysis. Seventeen papers with moderate to high methodological quality (PEDro scale) were identified. Compared to NEX, HIFT had small to moderate positive effects on endurance capacity (SMD: 0.42, 95% CI 0.07-0.78, p = 0.03) and strength (0.60, 95% CI 0.02-1.18, p = 0.04) but no effect on balance (SMD: - 0.10, 95% CI - 1.13 to 0.92, p = 0.42). Regarding endurance, HIFT showed similar effectiveness as moderate-intensity endurance training (SMD: - 0.11, 95% CI - 1.17 to 0.95, p = 0.75) and high-intensity interval endurance training (SMD: - 0.15, 95% CI - 1.4 to 1.1, p = 0.66). No comparisons of HIFT vs. classical resistance or balance training were found. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of most effect modifiers. However, regarding endurance, females seemed to respond more strongly to HIFT in the comparison to NEX (p < .05). HIFT appears to represent an appropriate method to induce chronic improvements in motor function. While being superior to NEX and non-inferior to endurance training, current evidence does not allow a comparison against resistance and balance training. The impact of possible effect moderators should be further elucidated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Wilke J, Royé C. Exercise Intensity May Not Moderate the Acute Effects of Functional Circuit Training on Cognitive Function: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E738. [PMID: 33066593 PMCID: PMC7602507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional circuit training (FCT) has been demonstrated to acutely enhance cognitive performance (CP). However, the moderators of this observation are unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of exercise intensity. According to an a priori sample size calculation, n = 24 healthy participants (26 ± 3 years, 13 females), in randomized order, performed a single 15-min bout of FCT with low (20-39% of the heart rate reserve/HRR), moderate (40-59% HRR) or high intensity (maximal effort). Immediately pre- and post-workout, CP was measured by use of the Digit Span test, Stroop test and Trail Making test. Non-parametric data analyses did not reveal significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05) although parameter-free 95% confidence intervals showed pre-post improvements in some outcomes at moderate and high intensity only. The effort level does not seem to be a major effect modifier regarding short-term increases in CP following HCT in young active adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Otto AK, Pietschmann J, Appelles LM, Bebenek M, Bischoff LL, Hildebrand C, Johnen B, Jöllenbeck T, Kemmler W, Klotzbier T, Korbus H, Rudisch J, Schott N, Schoene D, Voelcker-Rehage C, Vogel O, Vogt L, Weigelt M, Wilke J, Zwingmann K, Wollesen B. Physical activity and health promotion for nursing staff in elderly care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038202. [PMID: 33028557 PMCID: PMC7539591 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nursing staff is burdened by high workload and stress. Furthermore, heavy lifting, as well as transferring nursing home residents, cause lumbar tissue damage and back pain. Exercise intervention studies to reduce work-related problems are rare and the evidence for efficacy of studies among nurses is limited. Studies including targeted analysis of requirements are necessary to generate effective recommendations and tailored interventions for health promotion programmes. The purpose of this multicentred intervention study is to identify work-related problems, to implement health promotion programmes and to evaluate their effectiveness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including a total of 48 nursing home facilities in eight regions of Germany with an estimated sample size of 700 nurses. Standardised ergonomics and posture training (10 weeks, once a week for 20-30 min) and subsequently, back-fitness training (12 weeks, once a week for 45-60 min) will be administered. Following the implementation of standardised health promotion programmes, further demand-oriented interventions can be implemented. The perceived exposure to work-related demands, work-related pain in different parts of the body, health-related quality of life, perceived stress, work-related patterns of behaviour and experience, presentism behaviour, work environment as well as general needs and barriers to health promotion, will be assessed at baseline (pre-test), at 10 weeks (post-test, after ergonomics training), at 22 weeks (post-test, after back-fitness training) and at 34 weeks of the programme (follow-up). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was reviewed and approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Hamburg (AZ: 2018_168). The results of the study will be published in open-access and international journals. Furthermore, the results will be presented in the participating nursing homes and at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS.de (DRKS00015241).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Otto
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luisa-Marie Appelles
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Bebenek
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura L Bischoff
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bettina Johnen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Jöllenbeck
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klotzbier
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heide Korbus
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Rudisch
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadja Schott
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Vogel
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigelt
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Zwingmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Bettina Wollesen
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wilke J, Mohr L, Tenforde AS, Edouard P, Fossati C, González-Gross M, Ramirez CS, Laiño F, Tan B, Pillay JD, Pigozzi F, Jimenez-Pavon D, Novak B, Url D, Zhang M, van Poppel M, Heidt C, Willwacher S, Vogt L, Verhagen E, Hollander K, Hespanhol L, Yuki G. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6515. [PMID: 32906788 PMCID: PMC7559166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. More than two-thirds of the sample (68.4%, n = 10,433) indicated being interested in home exercise, and most participants were willing to work out at least three times per week (89.3%, n = 9328). Binary logistic regression revealed that female sex, working part-time, younger age, and being registered in a gym were associated with willingness to exercise. Flexibility (71.1%, n = 7377), resistance (68.6%, n = 7116), and endurance training (62.4%, n = 6478) were the most preferred types of exercise. Our results may guide health providers in developing individually tailored PA interventions during the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Adam S. Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129 MA, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint Etienne, France;
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, CEDEX 2, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Celso Sanchez Ramirez
- School of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, 8320000 Santiago de Chile, Chile;
| | - Fernando Laiño
- Fundación Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Salud, 1406 Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Benedict Tan
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (B.T.); (M.Z.)
| | | | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - David Jimenez-Pavon
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education, MOVE-IT Research Group, Faculty of Education Sciences University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Bernhard Novak
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (D.U.); (M.v.P.)
| | - David Url
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (D.U.); (M.v.P.)
| | - Mandy Zhang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (B.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.N.); (D.U.); (M.v.P.)
| | - Christoph Heidt
- Department of Orthopedics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60488 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; (L.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129 MA, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.V.); (L.H.)
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo 03071-000, Brazil;
| | - Gustavo Yuki
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo 03071-000, Brazil;
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Wilke J, Vogel O. Computerized Cognitive Training with Minimal Motor Component Improves Lower Limb Choice-Reaction Time. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:529-534. [PMID: 32874106 PMCID: PMC7429437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of cognitive training in sports has experienced a recent surge in popularity. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal trials examining the effectiveness of related methods. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a cognitive training with minimal motor components on lower limb choice-reaction performance. A total of 44 healthy individuals (26.4 ± 3.7 years, 27 males) were randomly allocated to a cognitive training (CT) or an inactive control group (CON). The CT group participants, three times per week, engaged in a computerized exercise program targeting skills such as attention, reaction time, processing speed or inhibition control. Before and after the 6-week intervention period, lower limb choice-reaction time was assessed using the Quick Feet Board device. An ANCOVA of the post-intervention values, controlling for baseline data, demonstrated superior unilateral choice-reaction performance (stance on dominant leg) in the CT group (p = 0.04, r = 0.31). Conversely, no difference was found for the bilateral component of the test (p > .05). Off-court cognitive training may represent a suitable method to enhance reactive motor skills in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Vogel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wilke J, Tenberg S. Semimembranosus muscle displacement is associated with movement of the superficial fascia: An in vivo ultrasound investigation. J Anat 2020; 237:1026-1031. [PMID: 32794194 PMCID: PMC7704240 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep fascia enveloping the skeletal muscle has been shown to contribute to the mechanics of the locomotor system. However, less is known about the role of the superficial fascia (SF). This study aimed to describe the potential interaction between the Hamstring muscles and the SF. Local movement of the dorsal thigh's soft tissue was imposed making use of myofascial force transmission effects across the knee joint: In eleven healthy individuals (26.8 ± 4.3 years, six males), an isokinetic dynamometer moved the ankle into maximal passive dorsal extension (knee extended). Due to the morphological continuity between the gastrocnemius and the Hamstrings, stretching the calf led to soft tissue displacements in the dorsal thigh. Ultrasound recordings were made to dynamically visualize (a) the semimembranosus muscle and (b) the superficial fascia. Differences in and associations between horizontal movement amplitudes of the two structures, quantified via cross-correlation analyses, were calculated by means of the Mann-Whitney U test and Kendal's tau test, respectively. Mean horizontal movement was significantly higher in the muscle (5.70 mm) than in the SF (0.72 mm, p < 0.001, r = 0.82). However, a strong correlation between the tissue displacements in both locations was detected (p < 0.001, r = 0.91). A Direct mechanical relationship may exist between the SF and the skeletal muscle. Deep pathologies or altered muscle stiffness could thus have long-term consequences for rather superficial structures and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Tenberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wilke J. Functional high-intensity exercise is more effective in acutely increasing working memory than aerobic walking: an exploratory randomized, controlled trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12335. [PMID: 32703974 PMCID: PMC7378555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic and resistance exercise acutely increase cognitive performance (CP). High-intensity functional training (HIFT) combines the characteristics of both regimes but its effect on CP is unclear. Thirty-five healthy individuals (26.7 ± 3.6 years, 18 females) were randomly allocated to three groups. The first (HIFT) performed a functional whole-body workout at maximal effort and in circuit format, while a second walked at 60% of the heart rate reserve (WALK). The third group remained physically inactive reading a book (CON). Before and after the 15-min intervention period, CP was assessed with the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span Test. Repeated-measures ANOVAs and post-hoc 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to detect time/group differences. A significant group*time interaction was found for the backwards condition of the Digit Span Test (p = 0.04) and according to the 95% CI, HIFT was superior to WALK and CON. Analysis of the sum score of the Digit Span Test and the incongruent condition of the Stroop Test, furthermore, revealed main effects for time (p < 0.05) with HIFT being the only intervention improving CP. No differences were found for the Trail Making Test (p > 0.05). In conclusion, HIFT represents an appropriate method to acutely improve working memory, potentially being superior to moderate aerobic-type exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sieland J, Krause F, Kalo K, Wilke J, Vogt L, Banzer W, Niederer D. Injuries and functional performance status in young elite football players: a prospective 2-year monitoring. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1363-1370. [PMID: 32608931 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor function, such as strength asymmetries of the lower extremities and impaired dynamic stability, have a predictive value for the risk of injury. The present study aimed to reveal potential associations between injury and motor performance. METHODS Two hundred and five male youth elite (association) football (soccer) players (mean: 13.5±4.5 years, 57.2±30.2 kg, 168±35 cm) were included. A test battery was conducted twice per season, over two consecutive seasons (four times). Mobility (Sit and Reach Test, SnR), dynamic stability (Single Leg Hop for Distance, SLHD), linear sprinting speed (10 m, 30 m [s]), agility (Zig-Zag test with and without dribbling a ball [s]), jump performance (countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), in cm) and maximal isometric voluntary force (MIVF, in N) of the knee extensors and flexors were assessed. All injuries occurring over the two-year period, as well as training and competition exposure time, were collected and used as grouping variables for statistical difference testing. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-five injuries in 93 players occurred (an injury incidence of 2.7/1000 hours of exposure). Age was associated with injury incidence (r=0.191; P=0.006). Neither DJ, CMJ, SnR nor agility performance were statistically different between injured and non-injured participants (P>0.05). Group differences did occur for sprint and strength (P=0.011; P=0.016), but these lapsed after the inclusion of age as a covariate. Only for SLHD symmetry was a non-significant trend evident after the correction for age (P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries in junior football players are, probably, not related to baseline motor function. Group differences between injured and non-injured youth elite football players are mostly explained by age. Only the symmetry in SLHD could be a potential risk factor for injuries and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sieland
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany -
| | - Frieder Krause
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristin Kalo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Vogel O, Wilke J, Niederer D, Steinmann M, Vogt L. Operationalisation Of Older Adults’ Lifetime Physical Activity Data. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000679904.90720.3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wilke J, Vogel O, Vogt L. Physical Activity Levels And Health Problems In Employees Of Stationary Nursing Homes: Is There An Association? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000676812.16708.d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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El-Rajab I, Niederer D, Vogel O, Wilke J, Vogt L. Physical Activity And Sleep Quality In Community-dwelling Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000682412.73350.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giesche F, Vieluf S, Wilke J, Engeroff T, Niederer D, Banzer W. Does ACL-reconstruction Lead To Higher Use Of Neural Resources To Prepare & Initiate Challenging Jump-landings? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000681008.34970.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Engeroff T, Giesche F, Friebe D, Wilke J, Vogt L, Banzer W, Niederer D. Lower Extremity Open Skill Training Effects on Perception of Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processing, and Performance. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:324-333. [PMID: 32536289 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1776674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates if lower extremity open-skill training impacts perception and cognitive processing abilities or just influences task related motor abilities. Twenty-two participants (24.7 ± 2.4years; 11 males, 11 females) were randomly allocated either into the group that trained on a computerized device or to the control group. Prior to and following the 4-week study period, motor performance was assessed using drop jump, hexagon test, postural control and lower extremity choice reaction. Perception, cognitive processing and task inhibition were captured using validated neurocognitive tests. Repeated measurements analyses of co-variances (ANCOVAs) were performed. They revealed a time (before and after intervention) × group (training vs. control) effect on lower extremity choice reaction and hexagon (p < .05). No effects on group differences or between groups in cognitive performance were found. A detrimental effect of training on accuracy of task inhibition (lower percentage of correct inhibitions) was detected. Computerized open skill training affects specific movement patterns without increasing task-relevant cognitive or perceptual abilities. Indicated by the lower percentage of correct inhibitions, the training might further detrimentally influence the risk-taking behavior during choice reaction tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engeroff
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Friebe
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wilke J, Mohr L, Tenforde AS, Vogel O, Hespanhol L, Vogt L, Verhagen E, Hollander K. Activity and Health During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic (ASAP): Study Protocol for a Multi-National Network Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:302. [PMID: 32582744 PMCID: PMC7291162 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has prompted numerous countries to restrict public life. Related measures, such as limits on social gatherings, business closures, or lockdowns, are expected to considerably reduce the individual opportunities to move outside the home. As physical activity (PA) and sport participation significantly contribute to health, this study has two objectives. The objectives of this study are to assess changes in PA and well-being since the coronavirus outbreak in affected countries. Additionally, we will evaluate the impact of digital home-based exercise programs on PA as well as physical and mental health outcomes. Method: A multinational network trial will be conducted with three planned phases (A, B, and C). Part A consists of administering a structured survey. It investigates changes in PA levels and health during the coronavirus outbreak and measures the preferences of the participants regarding online training programs. Part B is a two-armed randomized-controlled trial. Participants assigned to the intervention group (IG) will complete a digital 4-week home exercise training (live streaming via internet) guided by the survey results on content and time of program. The control group (CG) will not receive the program. Part C is 4-week access of both CG and IG to a digital archive of pre-recorded workouts from Part B. Similar to Part A, questionnaires will be used in both Part B and C to estimate the effects of exercise on measures of mental and physical health. Results and Discussion: The ASAP project will provide valuable insights into the importance of PA during a global pandemic. Our initial survey is the first to determine how governmental confinement measures impact bodily and mental well-being. Based on the results, the intervention studies will be unique to address health problems potentially arising from losses in PA. If proven effective, the newly developed telehealth programs could become a significant and easy-to-distribute factor in combating PA decreases. Results of the study may hence guide policy makers on methods to maintain PA and health when being forced to restrict public life. Study Register: DRKS00021273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adam S Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Oliver Vogel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,University Medical Centers-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Overuse injuries are suggested to result from repetitive microdamage eliciting pain in the affected tissue. Therapy commonly focuses on the area of symptom localization; however, such approach may oversimplify the true etiopathology. This review hypothesizes that the development of some sports-related soft tissue disorders, such as plantar fasciitis or lumbago, is promoted by pathologically altered force transmission from anatomically connected structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andry Vleeming
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Scott Wearing
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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50
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Wilke J, Vogel O, Ungricht S. Can we measure perceptual-cognitive function during athletic movement? A framework for and reliability of a sports-related testing battery. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:120-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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