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Lu Y, Liu T, Hu S, Yuan Z, Dwyer J, Akker BVD, Lloyd J, Guo J. Coupling Partial Nitritation, Anammox and n-DAMO in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor for simultaneous dissolved methane and nitrogen removal. Water Res 2024; 255:121511. [PMID: 38552483 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic technologies with downstream autotrophic nitrogen removal have been proposed to enhance bioenergy recovery and transform a wastewater treatment plant from an energy consumer to an energy exporter. However, approximately 20-50 % of the produced methane is dissolved in the anaerobically treated effluent and is easily stripped into the atmosphere in the downstream aerobic process, contributing to the release of greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to develop a solution to beneficially utilize dissolved methane to support high-level nitrogen removal from anaerobically treated mainstream wastewater. A novel technology, integrating Partial Nitritation, Anammox and Methane-dependent nitrite/nitrate reduction (i.e. PNAM) was demonstrated in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). With the feeding of ∼50 mg NH4+-N/L and ∼20 mg/L dissolved methane at a hydraulic retention time of 15 h, around 90 % of nitrogen and ∼100 % of dissolved methane can be removed together in the MABR. Microbial community characterization revealed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), anammox bacteria, nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation microorganisms (n-DAMO bacteria and archaea) and aerobic methanotrophs co-existed in the established biofilm. Batch tests confirmed the active microbial pathways and showed that AOB, anammox bacteria and n-DAMO microbes were jointly responsible for the nitrogen removal, and dissolved methane was mainly removed by the n-DAMO process, with aerobic methane oxidation making a minor contribution. In addition, the established system was robust against dynamic changes in influent composition. The study provides a promising technology for the simultaneous removal of dissolved methane and nitrogen from domestic wastewater, which can support the transformation of wastewater treatment from an energy- and carbon-intensive process, to one that is energy- and carbon-neutral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ben Van Den Akker
- South Australian Water Corporation, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - James Lloyd
- Melbourne Water, 990 La Trobe St, Docklands, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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2
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Ziajahromi S, Slynkova N, Dwyer J, Griffith M, Fernandes M, Jaeger JE, Leusch FDL. Comprehensive assessment of microplastics in Australian biosolids: Abundance, seasonal variation and potential transport to agroecosystems. Water Res 2024; 250:121071. [PMID: 38171181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Striving towards a circular economy, the application of treated sewage sludge (biosolids) to land is an opportunity to improve the condition of the soil and add essential nutrients, in turn reducing the need for fertilisers. However, there is an increasing concern about microplastic (MP) contamination of biosolids and their transport to terrestrial ecosystems. In Australia, agriculture is the largest biosolids end-user, however, there is limited understanding of MPs in Australian biosolids. Also, while the method to isolate MPs from biosolid is established, a need to extract and analyse MPs more efficiently is still pressing. In this study, we comprehensively quantified and characterised MPs in 146 biosolids samples collected from thirteen wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) including different seasons. We have optimised an oxidative-enzymatic purification method to overcome current limitations for MP identification in complex samples and accurately report MPs in biosolids. This method enabled removal of >93 % of dry weight of organic material and greatly facilitated the MPs instrumental analysis. The concentration of MPs (>20 µm) in all biosolids samples ranged from 11 to 150 MPs/g dry weight. Abundance of MPs was affected by seasons with higher abundance of MPs usually found during cold and wet seasons. Despite seasonal variations, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane and polymethyl methacrylate were the most abundant polymers. Smaller MPs (20 to 200 µm) comprised >70 % of all detected MPs with a clear negative linear relationship observed between MP size and abundance. Per capita concentration of MPs in biosolids across all studied WWTPs was 0.7 to 21 g MPs per person per year. Therefore, biosolids are an important sink and source of MPs to agroecosystems, emphasising the need to more comprehensively understand the fate, impact and risks associated with MPs on agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ziajahromi
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Milena Fernandes
- South Australian Water Corporation, SA 5000, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Julia E Jaeger
- Eurofins Environment Testing Australia, VIC 3175, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia
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3
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Alvi M, Batstone D, Mbamba CK, Keymer P, French T, Ward A, Dwyer J, Cardell-Oliver R. Deep learning in wastewater treatment: a critical review. Water Res 2023; 245:120518. [PMID: 37716298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Modeling wastewater processes supports tasks such as process prediction, soft sensing, data analysis and computer assisted design of wastewater systems. Wastewater treatment processes are large, complex processes, with multiple controlling mechanisms, a high degree of disturbance variability and non-linear (generally stable) behavior with multiple internal recycle loops. Semi-mechanistic biochemical models currently dominate research and application, with data-driven deep learning models emerging as an alternative and supplementary approach. But these modeling approaches have grown in separate communities of research and practice, and so there is limited appreciation of the strengths, weaknesses, contrasts and similarities between the methods. This review addresses that gap by providing a detailed guide to deep learning methods and their application to wastewater process modeling. The review is aimed at wastewater modeling experts who are familiar with established mechanistic modeling approach, and are curious about the opportunities and challenges afforded by deep learning methods. We conclude with a discussion and needs analysis on the value of different ways of modeling wastewater processes and open research problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Alvi
- Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Damien Batstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Kazadi Mbamba
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip Keymer
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim French
- Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Ward
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Cardell-Oliver
- Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Benson R, Rigby J, Brunsdon C, Corcoran P, Dodd P, Ryan M, Cassidy E, Colchester D, Hawton K, Lascelles K, de Leo D, Crompton D, Kõlves K, Leske S, Dwyer J, Pirkis J, Shave R, Fortune S, Arensman E. Real-Time Suicide Surveillance: Comparison of International Surveillance Systems and Recommended Best Practice. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:1312-1338. [PMID: 36237124 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2131489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some countries have implemented systems to monitor suicides in real-time. These systems differ because of the various ways in which suicides are identified and recorded. The main objective of this study was to conduct an international comparison of major real-time suicide mortality surveillance systems to identify joint strengths, challenges, and differences, and thereby inform best-practice criteria at local, national, and international levels. METHODS Five major real-time suicide mortality surveillance systems of various coverage levels were identified and selected for review via an internet-based scoping exercise and prior knowledge of existing systems. Key information including the system components and practices was collated from those organizations that developed and operate each system using a structured template. The information was narratively and critically synthesized to determine similarities and differences between the systems. RESULTS The comparative review of the five established real-time suicide surveillance systems revealed more commonalities than differences overall. Commonalities included rapid, routine surveillance based on minimal, provisional data to facilitate timely intervention and postvention efforts. Identified differences include the timeliness of case submission and system infrastructure. CONCLUSION The recommended criteria could promote replicable components and practices in real-time suicide surveillance while offering flexibility in adapting to regional/local circumstances and resource availability.HIGHLIGHTSEvidence-informed recommendations for current best practice in real-time suicide surveillance.Proposed comprehensive framework can be adapted based on available resources and capacity.Real-time suicide mortality data facilitates rapid data-driven decision-making in suicide prevention.
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5
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Dwyer J, Spittal MJ, Scurrah K, Pirkis J, Bugeja L, Clapperton A. Structural intervention at one bridge decreases the overall jumping suicide rate in Victoria, Australia. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e58. [PMID: 37721170 PMCID: PMC10539743 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is clear evidence that installing safety barriers is effective in preventing jumping suicides from high-risk bridges with only moderate displacement to other nearby bridges. However, the impact of barriers on jumping suicides across broader geographical areas is not well understood. We examined patterns in jumping suicides across the state of Victoria, Australia, after a safety barrier was installed at the West Gate Bridge which, before the installation of the barrier, was the site of approximately 40% of Victoria's jumping suicides. METHODS We used negative binomial regression analyses on Victorian data from 2000 to 2019 to compare rates of jumping suicides at the West Gate Bridge, other bridges and non-bridge jumping locations before, during and after the West Gate Bridge barrier installation. We conducted linear regression analyses to examine whether the distance travelled from the deceased's usual residence to the location of their jumping suicide changed between the before, during and after barrier installation periods. RESULTS After installation of the barrier, there were no jumping suicides at the West Gate Bridge (rate ratio [RR] = 0.00, 95% credible intervals [95% Cr] = 0.00-0.0001) and there was strong evidence that the rate of jumping suicides at all locations declined by 65% (RR = 0.35, 95% Cr = 0.22-0.54). At other bridges, there was also evidence of a reduction (RR = 0.31, 95% Cr = 0.11-0.70), but there was no evidence of a change at non-bridge locations (RR = 0.74, 95% Cr = 0.39-1.30). CONCLUSION After installation of the safety barrier at the West Gate Bridge, jumping suicide in Victoria decreased overall and at other bridges, and did not appear to change at non-bridge locations. Our findings show that when barriers are installed at a site responsible for a disproportionately high number of jumping suicides, they are not only highly effective at the site where the barriers are installed but can also have a prevention impact beyond the immediate locale at similar sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Dwyer
- Coroners Prevention Unit, Coroners Court of Victoria, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - M. J. Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. Scurrah
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L. Bugeja
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A. Clapperton
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Scholten O, Hare BM, Dwyer J, Liu N, Sterpka C, Mulrey K, Veen ST. Searching for intra-cloud positive leaders in VHF. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14485. [PMID: 37660180 PMCID: PMC10475077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to search for the growing tip of an intra-cloud (IC) positive leader. Even with our most sensitive beamforming method, where we coherently add the signals of about 170 antenna pairs, we were not able to detect any emission from the tip. Instead, we put constraints on the emissivity of very-high frequency (VHF) radiation from the tip at 0.5 pJ/MHz at 60 MHz, integrated over 100 ns. The limit is independent on whether this emission is in the form of short pulses or continuously radiating. The non-observation of VHF radiation from intra-cloud positive leaders implies that they proceed in an extremely gradual process, which is in sharp contrast with the observations of other parts of a lightning discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scholten
- University Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Landleven 12, 9747, AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - B M Hare
- University Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Landleven 12, 9747, AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990, AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Dwyer
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, NH Durham, 03824, USA
| | - N Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, NH Durham, 03824, USA
| | - C Sterpka
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, NH Durham, 03824, USA
| | - K Mulrey
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Ter Veen
- Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990, AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
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7
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Zheng M, Li H, Duan H, Liu T, Wang Z, Zhao J, Hu Z, Watts S, Meng J, Liu P, Rattier M, Larsen E, Guo J, Dwyer J, Akker BVD, Lloyd J, Hu S, Yuan Z. One-year stable pilot-scale operation demonstrates high flexibility of mainstream anammox application. Water Res X 2023; 19:100166. [PMID: 36685722 PMCID: PMC9845764 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mainstream nitrogen removal via anammox is widely recognized as a promising wastewater treatment process. However, its application is challenging at large scale due to unstable suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In this study, a pilot-scale mainstream anammox process was implemented in an Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) configuration. Stable operation with robust NOB suppression was maintained for over one year. This was achieved through integration of three key control strategies: i) low dissolved oxygen (DO = 0.4 ± 0.2 mg O2/L), ii) regular free nitrous acid (FNA)-based sludge treatment, and iii) residual ammonium concentration control (NH4 + with a setpoint of ∼8 mg N/L). Activity tests and FISH demonstrated that NOB barely survived in sludge flocs and were inhibited in biofilms. Despite receiving organic-deficient wastewater from a pilot-scale High-Rate Activated Sludge (HRAS) system as the feed, the system maintained a stable effluent total nitrogen concentration mostly below 10 mg N/L, which was attributed to the successful retention of anammox bacteria. This study successfully demonstrated large-scale long-term mainstream anammox application and generated new practical knowledge for NOB control and anammox retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Huijuan Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhetai Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shane Watts
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jia Meng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maxime Rattier
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eloise Larsen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ben Van Den Akker
- South Australian Water Corporation, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - James Lloyd
- Melbourne Water, 990 La Trobe St, Docklands, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Corresponding authors.
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8
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Moura F, Wiviott S, Chertow G, Dwyer J, Gause-Nilsson I, Johansson P, Langkilde A, McMurray J, Mosenzon O, Raz I, Rossing P, Wheeler D, Sabatine M, Heerspink H. Effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney events by baseline eGFR and UACR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a patient-level pooled analysis of DECLARE-TIMI 58 and DAPA-CKD trials. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or cardiovascular death (CVD) and the risk of kidney events in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high cardiovascular risk or chronic kidney disease in the DECLARE-TIMI 58 and DAPA-CKD trials. These events are more common at lower levels of kidney function. Combining data from the two trials creates an opportunity to examine the effect of dapagliflozin across the spectrum of baseline kidney function.
Purpose
To determine the effects of dapagliflozin on HHF/CVD and kidney endpoints across a broad range of kidney function in the combined dataset.
Methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis of pooled patient-level data from DECLARE and DAPA-CKD. The effects of dapagliflozin compared with placebo on HHF/CVD and kidney endpoints (defined as sustained eGFR decrease ≥40%, end-stage kidney disease, or renal death) were assessed in the combined cohorts and in subgroups of baseline eGFR (<45, 45-<60, 60-<90, ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) (<30, 30-<300, 300-<1000, ≥1000 mg/g).
Results
A total of 19,748 patients with T2DM were included. Median (IQR) follow up time was 4.1 (3.7–4.4) years. Median eGFR was 85 (65–95) mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR 18.2 (7–135) mg/g. Overall, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of HHF/CVD by 18% (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92, p<0.001) and kidney endpoints by 40% (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.52–0.69, p<0.001). Overall rates of HHF/CVD and kidney endpoints were higher with lower eGFR (p<0.001) and with higher UACR (p<0.001). There were consistent relative risk reductions in HHF/CVD and kidney events with dapagliflozin across eGFR (p-interaction 0.25 and 0.32, respectively, Figure 1) and UACR (p-interaction 0.29 and 0.83, respectively, Figure 2) subgroups. The absolute rate difference (ARD) with dapagliflozin for CVD/HHF ranged from 0.1 events per 1000 patient years in patients in normal categories of eGFR and UACR to 1.0–1.7 events in patients in the most abnormal categories. Likewise, the ARD for kidney events ranged from 0.2 events per 1000 patient years in the normal eGFR and UACR groups to 2.5–4.3 events in patients in the most abnormal categories.
Conclusion
In this pooled analysis of pts with T2DM, there was higher risk of HHF/CVD and kidney events with lower eGFR and higher UACR. Dapagliflozin consistently reduced these events regardless of baseline eGFR and UACR, with large absolute risk reductions in patients with lower eGFR and higher UACR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moura
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - S Wiviott
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - G Chertow
- School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Medicine , Stanford , United States of America
| | - J Dwyer
- University of Utah Health Care , Salt Lake City , United States of America
| | | | | | | | - J McMurray
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - O Mosenzon
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - I Raz
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Diabetes Unit, Hadassah Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - P Rossing
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - D Wheeler
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine , London , United Kingdom
| | - M Sabatine
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - H Heerspink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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9
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Duan H, Watts S, Zheng M, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li H, Liu P, Dwyer J, McPhee P, Rattier M, Larsen E, Yuan Z, Hu S. Achieving robust mainstream nitrite shunt at pilot-scale with integrated sidestream sludge treatment and step-feed. Water Res 2022; 223:119034. [PMID: 36067606 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a promising energy- and carbon efficient process for nitrogen removal from wastewater, mainstream nitrite shunt has been extensively researched. However, beyond the laboratory it is challenging to maintain stable performance by suppressing nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB). In this study, a pilot-scale reactor system receiving real sewage was operated in two stages for >850 days to evaluate two novel NOB suppression strategies for achieving nitrite shunt: i) sidestream sludge treatment based on alternating free nitrous acid (FNA) and free ammonia (FA) and ii) sidestream FNA/FA sludge treatment integrated with in-situ NOB suppression via step-feed. The results showed that, with sidestream sludge treatment alone, NOB developed resistance relatively quickly to the treatment, leading to unstable nitrite shunt. In contrast, robust nitrite shunt was achieved and stably maintained for more than a year when sidestream sludge treatment was integrated with a step-feed strategy. Kinetic analyses suggested that sludge treatment and step-feed worked in synergy, leading to stable NOB suppression. The integrated strategy demonstrated in this study removes a key barrier to the implementation of stable mainstream nitrite shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shane Watts
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Huijuan Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Paul McPhee
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maxime Rattier
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Eloise Larsen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Hite RL, Childers G, Gottlieb J, Velasco R, Johnson L, Williams GB, Griffith K, Dwyer J. Shifts in learning assistants' self-determination due to COVID-19 disruptions in Calculus II course delivery. Int J STEM Educ 2021; 8:55. [PMID: 34692372 PMCID: PMC8520326 DOI: 10.1186/s40594-021-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Learning Assistant (LA) model with its subsequent support and training has evidenced significant gains for undergraduate STEM learning and persistence, especially in high-stakes courses like Calculus. Yet, when a swift and unexpected transition occurs from face-to-face to online, remote learning of the LA environment, it is unknown how LAs are able to maintain their motivation (competence, autonomy, and relatedness), adapt to these new challenges, and sustain their student-centered efforts. This study used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to model theoretical aspects of LAs' motivations (persistence and performance) both before and after changes were made in delivery of a Calculus II course at Texas Tech University due to COVID-19 interruptions. RESULTS Analysis of weekly written reflections, a focus group session, and a post-course questionnaire of 13 Calculus II LAs throughout Spring semester of 2020 showed that LAs' reports of competence proportionally decreased when they transitioned online, which was followed by a moderate proportional increase in reports of autonomy (actions they took to adapt to distance instruction) and a dramatic proportional increase in reports of relatedness (to build structures for maintaining communication and building community with undergraduate students). CONCLUSIONS Relatedness emerged as the most salient factor from SDT to maintain LA self-determination due to the COVID-19 facilitated interruption to course delivery in a high-stakes undergraduate STEM course. Given that online learning continues during the pandemic and is likely to continue after, this research provides an understanding to how LAs responded to this event and the mounting importance of relatedness when LAs are working with undergraduate STEM learners. Programmatic recommendations are given for enhancing LA preparation including selecting LAs for autonomy and relatedness factors (in addition to competence), modeling mentoring for remote learners, and coaching in best practices for online instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Hite
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, 3002 18th Street, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - G. Childers
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, 3002 18th Street, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - J. Gottlieb
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, 3002 18th Street, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - R. Velasco
- College of Education, The University of Iowa, 240 South Madison Street, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - L. Johnson
- Center for Transformative Undergraduate Experiences, Texas Tech University, Drane Hall #239, MS 1010, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - G. B. Williams
- College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41034, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - K. Griffith
- STEM Teaching, Engagement and Pedagogy (STEP), Texas Tech University, P. O. Box 43131, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - J. Dwyer
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, 3002 18th Street, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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11
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Scholten O, Hare B, Dwyer J, Liu N, Sterpka C, Buitink S, Huege T, Nelles A, ter Veen S. Time resolved 3D interferometric imaging of a section of a negative leader with LOFAR. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.063022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Ahmed W, Tscharke B, Bertsch PM, Bibby K, Bivins A, Choi P, Clarke L, Dwyer J, Edson J, Nguyen TMH, O'Brien JW, Simpson SL, Sherman P, Thomas KV, Verhagen R, Zaugg J, Mueller JF. SARS-CoV-2 RNA monitoring in wastewater as a potential early warning system for COVID-19 transmission in the community: A temporal case study. Sci Total Environ 2021; 761:144216. [PMID: 33360129 PMCID: PMC7718102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread rapidly across the globe infecting millions of people and causing significant health and economic impacts. Authorities are exploring complimentary approaches to monitor this infectious disease at the community level. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approaches to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in municipal wastewater are being implemented worldwide as an environmental surveillance approach to inform health authority decision-making. Owing to the extended excretion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool, WBE can surveil large populated areas with a longer detection window providing unique information on the presence of pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases that are unlikely to be screened by clinical testing. Herein, we analysed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 24-h composite wastewater samples (n = 63) from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia from 24th of February to 1st of May 2020. A total of 21 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2, ranging from 135 to 11,992 gene copies (GC)/100 mL of wastewater. Detections were made in a Southern Brisbane WWTP in late February 2020, up to three weeks before the first clininal case was reported there. Wastewater samples were generally positive during the period with highest caseload data. The positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in wastewater while there were limited clinical reported cases demonstrates the potential of WBE as an early warning system to identify hotspots and target localised public health responses, such as increased individual testing and the provision of health warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Ben Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Paul M Bertsch
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Phil Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Leah Clarke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Urban Utilities, 15 Green Square Close, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Janette Edson
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thi Minh Hong Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | | | - Paul Sherman
- Urban Utilities, 15 Green Square Close, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Rory Verhagen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
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13
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Suto DJ, Nair G, Sudarshana DM, Steele SU, Dwyer J, Beck ES, Ohayon J, McFarland H, Koretsky AP, Cortese ICM, Reich DS. Manganese-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1569-1576. [PMID: 32763897 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cellular uptake of the manganese ion, when administered as a contrast agent for MR imaging, can noninvasively highlight cellular activity and disease processes in both animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to explore the enhancement profile of manganese in patients with multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mangafodipir is a manganese chelate that was clinically approved for MR imaging of liver lesions. We present a case series of 6 adults with multiple sclerosis who were scanned at baseline with gadolinium, then injected with mangafodipir, and followed at variable time points thereafter. RESULTS Fourteen new lesions formed during or shortly before the study, of which 10 demonstrated manganese enhancement of varying intensity, timing, and spatial pattern. One gadolinium-enhancing extra-axial mass, presumably a meningioma, also demonstrated enhancement with manganese. Most interesting, manganese enhancement was detected in lesions that formed in the days after mangafodipir injection, and this enhancement persisted for several weeks, consistent with contrast coming from intracellular uptake of manganese. Some lesions demonstrated a diffuse pattern of manganese enhancement in an area larger than that of both gadolinium enhancement and T2-FLAIR signal abnormality. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the first use of a manganese-based contrast agent to enhance MS lesions on MR imaging. Multiple sclerosis lesions were enhanced with a temporal and spatial profile distinct from that of gadolinium. Further experiments are necessary to uncover the mechanism of manganese contrast enhancement as well as cell-specific uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Suto
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - G Nair
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D M Sudarshana
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S U Steele
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Dwyer
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - E S Beck
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Ohayon
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H McFarland
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A P Koretsky
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - I C M Cortese
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D S Reich
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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14
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Kulandaivelu J, Shrestha S, Khan W, Dwyer J, Steward A, Bell L, Mcphee P, Smith P, Hu S, Yuan Z, Jiang G. Full-scale investigation of ferrous dosing in sewers and a wastewater treatment plant for multiple benefits. Chemosphere 2020; 250:126221. [PMID: 32114337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the full scale application of iron dosing in a metropolitan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the upstream sewer system for multiple benefits. Two different dosing locations, i.e., the WWTP inlet works (Trial-1) and upstream sewer network (Trial-2) were tested in this study. Both dosing trials achieved multiple benefits such as sulfide control, phosphate removal and improved sludge dewaterability. During Trial-1, a sulfide reduction of >90% was achieved at high dosing rates (>19 kgFe ML-1) of ferrous chloride in the inlet works and in Trial-2 the in-sewer ferrous dosing had significant gas phase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration reduction in the sewer network. The ferrous dosing enhanced the phosphate removal in the bioreactor up to 76% and 53 ± 2% during Trial-1 & 2, respectively. The iron ending up in the anaerobic sludge digester reduced the biogas H2S concentration by up to 36% and 45%, respectively. The dewaterability of the digested sludge was improved, with relative increases of 9.7% and 9.8%, respectively. The presence of primary clarifier showed limited impact on the downstream availability of iron for achieving the afore-mentioned multiple benefits. The iron dosing enhanced the total chemical oxygen demand removal in the primary clarifier reaching up to 49% at the high dose rates during Trial-1 and 42 ± 1% during Trial-2. This study demonstrated that multiple benefits could be achieved independent of the iron dosing location (i.e., at the WWTP inlet or in the network). Further, iron dosing at both locations enhances primary settling, beneficial for bioenergy recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohan Shrestha
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wakib Khan
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Steward
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leo Bell
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Mcphee
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Smith
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Civil, Mining & Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Meng J, Duan H, Li H, Watts S, Liu P, Shrestha S, Zheng M, Yu W, Chen Z, Song Y, Dwyer J, Hu S, Yuan Z. Free nitrous acid pre-treatment enhances anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge and rheological properties of digested sludge: A pilot-scale study. Water Res 2020; 172:115515. [PMID: 31986403 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of free nitrous acid (FNA) pre-treatment on the rheological properties of digested sludge were investigated at a pilot-scale, along with the improvement in volatile solids (VS) destruction and biogas production. Two pilot-scale anaerobic sludge digesters were operated for one year, one receiving thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) without pre-treatment (control) and one receiving TWAS pre-treated for 24 h at an FNA concentration of 4.9-6.1 mgN/L (nitrite = 250 mgN/L, pH = 5.0, T = 22-30 °C). The results confirmed the enhancing effect of FNA pre-treatment on methane production (37 ± 1%), consistent with previous laboratory studies. Equally importantly, FNA pre-treatment substantially reduced the shear viscosity of TWAS by 51 ± 8% at 100 s-1 and 49 ± 7% at 250 s-1, likely due to the solubilization of the TWAS (11.1 ± 0.8%). Similarly, FNA pre-treatment also reduced these viscosity parameters of the digested sludge by 80 ± 4% and 78 ± 4%, respectively, caused by both enhanced VS destruction and disintegration of the digested sludge. The dewaterability of digested sludge, assessed by dewatered solids content, capillary suction time and specific resistance to filtration, was not improved by FNA pre-treatment. The polymer requirement for dewatering was reduced by 24 ± 0.6% due to the lower solids concentration in the digested sludge achieved with FNA pre-treatment. The changes to sludge rheological properties revealed in this study further enhances the business case for the FNA pre-treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 50090, China
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Huijuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shane Watts
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Liu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sohan Shrestha
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yarong Song
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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16
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Hare BM, Scholten O, Dwyer J, Ebert U, Nijdam S, Bonardi A, Buitink S, Corstanje A, Falcke H, Huege T, Hörandel JR, Krampah GK, Mitra P, Mulrey K, Neijzen B, Nelles A, Pandya H, Rachen JP, Rossetto L, Trinh TNG, Ter Veen S, Winchen T. Radio Emission Reveals Inner Meter-Scale Structure of Negative Lightning Leader Steps. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:105101. [PMID: 32216418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) to probe the dynamics of the stepping process of negatively charged plasma channels (negative leaders) in a lightning discharge. We observe that at each step of a leader, multiple pulses of vhf (30-80 MHz) radiation are emitted in short-duration bursts (<10 μs). This is evidence for streamer formation during corona flashes that occur with each leader step, which has not been observed before in natural lightning and it could help explain x-ray emission from lightning leaders, as x rays from laboratory leaders tend to be associated with corona flashes. Surprisingly, we find that the stepping length is very similar to what was observed near the ground, however with a stepping time that is considerably larger, which as yet is not understood. These results will help to improve lightning propagation models, and eventually lightning protection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hare
- University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen 9700 AV, Netherlands
| | - O Scholten
- University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen 9700 AV, Netherlands
- Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Dwyer
- Department of Physics and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - U Ebert
- CWI, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- TU/e, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - S Nijdam
- TU/e, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - A Bonardi
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S Buitink
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Corstanje
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Falcke
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Huege
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G K Krampah
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Mitra
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Mulrey
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Neijzen
- University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A Nelles
- Erlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Univeristät Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Zeuthen, Germany
| | - H Pandya
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Rachen
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Rossetto
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T N G Trinh
- Department of Physics, School of Education, Can Tho University Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - S Ter Veen
- Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - T Winchen
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Hare BM, Scholten O, Dwyer J, Trinh TNG, Buitink S, Ter Veen S, Bonardi A, Corstanje A, Falcke H, Hörandel JR, Huege T, Mitra P, Mulrey K, Nelles A, Rachen JP, Rossetto L, Schellart P, Winchen T, Anderson J, Avruch IM, Bentum MJ, Blaauw R, Broderick JW, Brouw WN, Brüggen M, Butcher HR, Ciardi B, Fallows RA, de Geus E, Duscha S, Eislöffel J, Garrett MA, Grießmeier JM, Gunst AW, van Haarlem MP, Hessels JWT, Hoeft M, van der Horst AJ, Iacobelli M, Koopmans LVE, Krankowski A, Maat P, Norden MJ, Paas H, Pandey-Pommier M, Pandey VN, Pekal R, Pizzo R, Reich W, Rothkaehl H, Röttgering HJA, Rowlinson A, Schwarz DJ, Shulevski A, Sluman J, Smirnov O, Soida M, Tagger M, Toribio MC, van Ardenne A, Wijers RAMJ, van Weeren RJ, Wucknitz O, Zarka P, Zucca P. Needle-like structures discovered on positively charged lightning branches. Nature 2019; 568:360-363. [PMID: 30996312 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lightning is a dangerous yet poorly understood natural phenomenon. Lightning forms a network of plasma channels propagating away from the initiation point with both positively and negatively charged ends-called positive and negative leaders1. Negative leaders propagate in discrete steps, emitting copious radio pulses in the 30-300-megahertz frequency band2-8 that can be remotely sensed and imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution9-11. Positive leaders propagate more continuously and thus emit very little high-frequency radiation12. Radio emission from positive leaders has nevertheless been mapped13-15, and exhibits a pattern that is different from that of negative leaders11-13,16,17. Furthermore, it has been inferred that positive leaders can become transiently disconnected from negative leaders9,12,16,18-20, which may lead to current pulses that both reconnect positive leaders to negative leaders11,16,17,20-22 and cause multiple cloud-to-ground lightning events1. The disconnection process is thought to be due to negative differential resistance18, but this does not explain why the disconnections form primarily on positive leaders22, or why the current in cloud-to-ground lightning never goes to zero23. Indeed, it is still not understood how positive leaders emit radio-frequency radiation or why they behave differently from negative leaders. Here we report three-dimensional radio interferometric observations of lightning over the Netherlands with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We find small plasma structures-which we call 'needles'-that are the dominant source of radio emission from the positive leaders. These structures appear to drain charge from the leader, and are probably the reason why positive leaders disconnect from negative ones, and why cloud-to-ground lightning connects to the ground multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hare
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - O Scholten
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Inter University Institute for High Energies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - J Dwyer
- Department of Physics and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - T N G Trinh
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Buitink
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Ter Veen
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - A Bonardi
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Corstanje
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Falcke
- Inter University Institute for High Energies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Hörandel
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Huege
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Mitra
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Mulrey
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Nelles
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J P Rachen
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Rossetto
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schellart
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - T Winchen
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Anderson
- Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department 1, Geodesy GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - I M Avruch
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Science and Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bentum
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R Blaauw
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J W Broderick
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W N Brouw
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Brüggen
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H R Butcher
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - B Ciardi
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
| | - R A Fallows
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - E de Geus
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,SmarterVision BV, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - S Duscha
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Eislöffel
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - M A Garrett
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J M Grießmeier
- LPC2E-Université d'Orleans/CNRS, Orléans, France.,Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Université d'Orleans, OSUC, Nancay, France
| | - A W Gunst
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M P van Haarlem
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J W T Hessels
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hoeft
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - A J van der Horst
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Iacobelli
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - L V E Koopmans
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Krankowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Space Radio-Diagnostics Research Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Maat
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M J Norden
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - H Paas
- Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pandey-Pommier
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Université d'Orleans, OSUC, Nancay, France.,CRAL, Observatoire de Lyon, Université Lyon, UMR5574, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - V N Pandey
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Pekal
- Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PCSS), Poznan, Poland
| | - R Pizzo
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W Reich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - A Rowlinson
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Schwarz
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Shulevski
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sluman
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - O Smirnov
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,SKA South Africa, Pinelands, South Africa
| | - M Soida
- Jagiellonian University, Astronomical Observatory, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Tagger
- LPC2E-Université d'Orleans/CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - M C Toribio
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A van Ardenne
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - R A M J Wijers
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J van Weeren
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O Wucknitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Zarka
- LESIA & USN, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL/SU/UPMC/UPD/SPC, Meudon, France
| | - P Zucca
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
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18
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Dwyer
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements
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19
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Weiler M, Arensberg M, Comee L, Krok-Schoen J, Gahche J, Dwyer J. Views of Dietetics Professionals (DPs) on Risk Factors/Screening Tools for Identifying Malnutrition and Frailty in Older Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Saldanha L, Dwyer J, Brown L, Andrews K, Gusev P, Pehrsson P. Discrepancies Between Chemical Forms of Iron in Prenatal Supplements and Forms Tested in Clinical Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Allard N, Dev A, Dwyer J, Srivatsa G, Thompson A, Cowie B. Factors associated with poor adherence to antiviral treatment for hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:53-58. [PMID: 27502689 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B is effective and reduces the risk of progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer but is often required for an indefinite duration. Treatment adherence is important to prevent the development of resistance and optimize outcomes. Pharmacy adherence measures can be used to assess treatment adherence, with the medication possession ratio being less susceptible to bias than physician- or self-reported adherence. The aim of this study was to measure adherence in public hospital outpatients over a 3-year period and to examine factors associated with nonadherence. A retrospective study of pharmacy records of patients dispensed antiviral therapy for hepatitis B from four major hospitals in Melbourne between 2010 and 2013. Hospital record numbers were linked with and de-identified demographic information including age, sex, Indigenous status, country of birth, interpreter requirement, spoken language and postcode of residence. The medication possession ratio was the outcome measure with poor adherence defined <.90. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were performed to examine associations with nonadherence. Records of 1026 patients were included in the analysis. Twenty per cent of all participants met the definition of poor adherence. Significant factors affecting adherence included age <35 years (P=.002), hospital site and treatment by multiple doctors within shorter time periods. This is the largest study examining detailed factors associated with adherence to hepatitis B treatment. Understanding poor adherence in clinical settings, and the factors associated with lower adherence, is important to inform efforts towards promoting treatment adherence for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Allard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - A Dev
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Monash Health, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - J Dwyer
- Mercy Hospital, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - G Srivatsa
- Western Hospital, Footscray, Vic., Australia
| | - A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - B Cowie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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22
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Becker C, Annunziata A, Dwyer J. Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions May Help Decrease Morbidity and Mortality in Serious Mental Illness. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Lavoie JG, Kornelsen D, Wylie L, Mignone J, Dwyer J, Boyer Y, Boulton A, O'Donnell K. Responding to health inequities: Indigenous health system innovations. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2016; 1:e14. [PMID: 29868206 PMCID: PMC5870470 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, Indigenous communities around the world have become more vocal and mobilized to address the health inequities they experience. Many Indigenous communities we work with in Canada, Australia, Latin America, the USA, New Zealand and to a lesser extent Scandinavia have developed their own culturally-informed services, focusing on the needs of their own community members. This paper discusses Indigenous healthcare innovations from an international perspective, and showcases Indigenous health system innovations that emerged in Canada (the First Nation Health Authority) and Colombia (Anas Wayúu). These case studies serve as examples of Indigenous-led innovations that might serve as models to other communities. The analysis we present suggests that when opportunities arise, Indigenous communities can and will mobilize to develop Indigenous-led primary healthcare services that are well managed and effective at addressing health inequities. Sustainable funding and supportive policy frameworks that are harmonized across international, national and local levels are required for these organizations to achieve their full potential. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates the value of supporting Indigenous health system innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Lavoie
- Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - D. Kornelsen
- Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - L. Wylie
- Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Mignone
- Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J. Dwyer
- Health Care Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Y. Boyer
- Social Sciences, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - A. Boulton
- Health and Development, Whakauae Research for Māori Health and Development, Whanganui, New Zealand
| | - K. O'Donnell
- Health Care Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Cummings J, Aisen P, Barton R, Bork J, Doody R, Dwyer J, Egan JC, Feldman H, Lappin D, Truyen L, Salloway S, Sperling R, Vradenburg G. Re-Engineering Alzheimer Clinical Trials: Global Alzheimer's Platform Network. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2016; 3:114-120. [PMID: 28459045 PMCID: PMC5408881 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development is costly, time-consuming, and inefficient. Trial site functions, trial design, and patient recruitment for trials all require improvement. The Global Alzheimer Platform (GAP) was initiated in response to these challenges. Four GAP work streams evolved in the US to address different trial challenges: 1) registry-to-cohort web-based recruitment; 2) clinical trial site activation and site network construction (GAP-NET); 3) adaptive proof-of-concept clinical trial design; and 4) finance and fund raising. GAP-NET proposes to establish a standardized network of continuously funded trial sites that are highly qualified to perform trials (with established clinical, biomarker, imaging capability; certified raters; sophisticated management system. GAP-NET will conduct trials for academic and biopharma industry partners using standardized instrument versions and administration. Collaboration with the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) European Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (EPAD) program, the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) and other similar international initiatives will allow conduct of global trials. GAP-NET aims to increase trial efficiency and quality, decrease trial redundancy, accelerate cohort development and trial recruitment, and decrease trial costs. The value proposition for sites includes stable funding and uniform training and trial execution; the value to trial sponsors is decreased trial costs, reduced time to execute trials, and enhanced data quality. The value for patients and society is the more rapid availability of new treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - P Aisen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Barton
- Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Bork
- Pintail Solutions, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Doody
- Baylor College of Medicine, Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorder Center, Baylor, TX, USA
| | - J Dwyer
- Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation, USA
| | - J C Egan
- Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Feldman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, USA
| | - D Lappin
- FaegreBD Consulting, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Truyen
- Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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25
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Schievink B, Kröpelin T, Mulder S, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Dwyer J, Vemer P, de Zeeuw D, Lambers Heerspink HJ. Early renin-angiotensin system intervention is more beneficial than late intervention in delaying end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:64-71. [PMID: 26434564 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop and validate a model to simulate progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from early onset until end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and to assess the effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) intervention in early, intermediate and advanced stages of DKD. METHODS We used data from the BENEDICT, IRMA-2, RENAAL and IDNT trials that assessed effects of RAS intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. We built a model with discrete disease stages based on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Using survival analyses, we assessed the effect of RAS intervention on delaying ESRD in early [eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) <30 mg/g], intermediate (eGFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) or ACR 30-300 mg/g) and advanced (eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) or ACR >300 mg/g) stages of DKD for patients in different age groups. RESULTS For patients at early, intermediate and advanced stage of disease, whose mean age was 60 years and who received placebo, the median time to ESRD was 21.4, 10.8 and 4.7 years, respectively. RAS intervention delayed the predicted time to ESRD by 4.2, 3.6 and 1.4 years, respectively. The benefit of early RAS intervention was more pronounced in younger patients; for example, for patients with a mean age of 45 years, RAS intervention at early, intermediate or advanced stage delayed ESRD by 5.9, 4.0 and 1.1 years versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS RAS intervention early in the course of proteinuric DKD is more beneficial than late intervention in delaying ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schievink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Kröpelin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Mulder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H-H Parving
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Remuzzi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII and IRCCS-Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - J Dwyer
- Division Nephrology, VanderBilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Vemer
- PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics (PE2), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lambers Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Gusev P, Andrews K, Palachuvattil J, Dang P, Savarala S, Han F, Pehrsson P, Douglass L, Dwyer J, Betz J, Saldanha L, Costello R, Bailey R. Analytical Content of Multivitamin/Mineral (MVM) Products Manufactured for Different Consumer Categories. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.586.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Gusev
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - K Andrews
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Palachuvattil
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Dang
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - S Savarala
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - F Han
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBHNRC, ARS, USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - L Douglass
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - J Dwyer
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIH, DHHSBethesdaMDUnited States
| | - J Betz
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIH, DHHSBethesdaMDUnited States
| | - L Saldanha
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIH, DHHSBethesdaMDUnited States
| | - R Costello
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIH, DHHSBethesdaMDUnited States
| | - R Bailey
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIH, DHHSBethesdaMDUnited States
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27
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Saldanha L, Dwyer J, Andrews K, Bailen R, Bailey R, Betz J, Costello R, Dang P, Gahche J, Gusev P, Han F, Palachuvattil J, Savarala S, Pehrsson P. Comparison of Labeled Composition and Strength of Prenatal Multivitamin/Mineral (MVM) Prescription (P) and Non‐Prescription (N‐P) Supplements. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.250.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Andrews K, Palachuvattil J, Gusev P, Dang P, Savarala S, Han F, Pehrsson P, Douglass L, Dwyer J, Betz J, Saldanha L, Costello R, Bailey R, Gahche J. Release 3 of the U.S. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID): Omega‐3 (n‐3) Fatty Acid and Non‐prescription Prenatal Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) Supplements. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.250.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Andrews
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | | | - P Gusev
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Dang
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - S Savarala
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - F Han
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - L Douglass
- Office of Dietary Supplements NIHBethesdaMDUnited States
| | - J Dwyer
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - J Betz
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - L Saldanha
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - R Costello
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - R Bailey
- Statistician ConsultantLongmontCOUnited States
| | - J Gahche
- National Center for Health Statistics CDCHyattsvilleMDUnited States
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29
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Gusev P, Andrews K, Palachuvattil J, Dang P, Roseland J, Holden J, Savarala S, Pehrsson P, Dwyer J, Betz J, Saldanha L, Bailey R, Costello R, Gahche J, Hardy C, Emenaker N, Douglass L. Over‐the‐counter prenatal multivitamin/mineral products: chemical analysis for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (809.3). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.809.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Gusev
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - K Andrews
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | | | - P Dang
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Roseland
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Holden
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - S Savarala
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Pehrsson
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Dwyer
- ODS NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | - J Betz
- ODS NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | | | | | | | - J Gahche
- NHANES CDC‐NCHSHyattsvilleMDUnited States
| | - C Hardy
- CFSAN FDACollege ParkMDUnited States
| | | | - L Douglass
- Consulting StatisticianLongmontCOUnited States
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30
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Saldanha L, Dwyer J, Bailen R, Andrews K, Bailey R, Betz J, Burt V, Chang F, Costello R, Emenaker N, Gahche J, Harnly J, Hardy C, Pehrsson P. When a dietary supplement product name says “energy”, what’s in the bottle? (634.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.634.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Dwyer
- ODS/NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | | | | | | | - J Betz
- ODS/NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | - V Burt
- NHANES/CDCHyattsvilleMDUnited States
| | - F Chang
- NLM/NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | | | | | - J Gahche
- NHANES/CDCHyattsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Harnly
- ARS/USDABeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - C Hardy
- CFSAN/FDACollege ParkMDUnited States
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31
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Andrews K, Palachuvattil J, Dang P, Gusev P, Savarala S, Pehrsson P, Harnly J, Dwyer J, Betz J, Saldanha L, Bailey R, Costello R, Gahche J, Hardy C, Emenaker N. Botanical initiative for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database: green tea pilot study (245.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.245.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Andrews
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | | | - P Dang
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Gusev
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - S Savarala
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - P Pehrsson
- BHNRC‐NDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Harnly
- BHNRC‐FCMDL USDA‐ARSBeltsvilleMDUnited States
| | - J Dwyer
- ODS NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | - J Betz
- ODS NIHBETHESDAMDUnited States
| | | | | | | | - J Gahche
- NHANES CDC‐NCHSHyattsvilleMDUnited States
| | - C Hardy
- CFSAN FDA CollegeParkMDUnited States
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Azzi S, Smith SS, Dwyer J, Leclair HM, Alexia C, Hebda JK, Dupin N, Bidère N, Gavard J. YGLF motif in the Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus G-protein-coupled receptor adjusts NF-κB activation and paracrine actions. Oncogene 2013; 33:5609-18. [PMID: 24292677 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are two pathologies associated with KS herpes virus (KSHV/HHV-8) infection. KSHV genome contains several oncogenes, among which, the viral G-protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR open reading frame 74) has emerged as a major factor in KS pathogenicity. Indeed, vGPCR is a constitutively active receptor, whose expression is sufficient to drive cell transformation in vitro and tumour development in mice. However, neither the role of vGPCR in KSHV-infected B-lymphocytes nor the molecular basis for its constitutive activation is well understood. Here, we show that vGPCR expression contributes to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent cellular survival in both PEL cells and primary B cells from HIV-negative KS patients. We further identified within vGPCR an AP2 consensus binding motif, Y326GLF, that directs its localization between the plasma membrane and clathrin-coated vesicles. The introduction of a mutation in this site (Y326A) increased NF-κB activity and proinflammatory cytokines production. This correlated with exacerbated morphological rearrangement, migration and proliferation of non-infected monocytes. Collectively, our work raises the possibility that KSHV-infected B-lymphocytes use vGPCR to impact ultimately the immune response and communication within the tumour microenvironment in KSHV-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Azzi
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - S S Smith
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - J Dwyer
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - H M Leclair
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - C Alexia
- 1] INSERM, U1014, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France [2] Universite Paris-Sud P11, Orsay, France [3] Equipe Labellisee Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - J K Hebda
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - N Dupin
- 1] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France [2] Service de dermatologie, Hopital Cochin-Tarnier, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - N Bidère
- 1] INSERM, U1014, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France [2] Universite Paris-Sud P11, Orsay, France [3] Equipe Labellisee Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - J Gavard
- 1] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1016, Paris, France [3] Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
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James N, Sydes M, Mason M, Clarke N, Dearnaley D, Dwyer J, Jovic G, Russell J, Thalmann G, Parmar M. Celecoxib Plus Hormone Therapy Vs Hormone Therapy Alone for Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: First Results From the STAMPEDE Randomised Controlled Trial (MRC PR08). Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Biagi CJ, Uman MA, Hill JD, Jordan DM, Rakov VA, Dwyer J. Observations of stepping mechanisms in a rocket-and-wire triggered lightning flash. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Saleh Z, Dwyer J, Howard J, Uman M, Bakhtiari M, Concha D, Stapleton M, Hill D, Biagi C, Rassoul H. Properties of the X-ray emission from rocket-triggered lightning as measured by the Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:111102. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.80.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.79.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.77.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Dwyer J, Starrenburg D, Tait S, Barr K, Batstone DJ, Lant P. Decreasing activated sludge thermal hydrolysis temperature reduces product colour, without decreasing degradability. Water Res 2008; 42:4699-4709. [PMID: 18834611 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludges are becoming more difficult to degrade in anaerobic digesters, due to the implementation of stricter nitrogen limits, longer sludge ages, and removal of primary sedimentation units. Thermal hydrolysis is a popular method to enhance degradability of long-age activated sludge, and involves pressure and heat treatment of the process fluid (150-160 degrees C saturated steam). However, as documented in this study, in a full-scale system, the use of thermal hydrolysis produces coloured, recalcitrant compounds that can have downstream impacts (e.g., failure of UV disinfection, and increased effluent nitrogen). The coloured compound formed during thermal hydrolysis was found to be melanoidins. These are coloured recalcitrant compounds produced by polymerisation of low molecular weight intermediates, such as carbohydrates and amino compounds at elevated temperature (Maillard reaction). By decreasing the THP operating temperature from 165 degrees C to 140 degrees C, THP effluent colour decreased from 12,677 mg-PtCo L(-1) to 3837 mg-PtCo L(-1). The change in THP operating temperature from 165 degrees C to 140 degrees C was shown to have no significant impact on anaerobic biodegradability of the sludge. The rate and extent of COD biodegradation remained largely unaffected by the temperature change with an average first order hydrolysis rate of 0.19 d(-1) and conversion extent of 0.43 g-COD(CH4)g-COD(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dwyer
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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James N, Sydes M, Clarke N, Mason M, Dearnaley D, Anderson J, Popert R, Sanders K, Morgan R, Stansfeld J, Dwyer J, Masters J, Parmar M. STAMPEDE: Systemic Therapy for Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer — A Multi-Arm Multi-Stage Randomised Controlled Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2008; 20:577-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pang G, Andrews W, Clarkson C, Dwyer J, Holyday M, Jackson H, Kepreotes H, Lambert K, Paton M, Robertson K, Scott B, Stradling E, Talbot P, Wagner S, Ward K. Home enteral nutrition patients in NSW: Results from a one month audit of new and existing HEN patients from NSW public healthcare facilities. Nutrition 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pang G, Andrews W, Clarkson C, Dwyer J, Holyday M, Jackson H, Kepreotes H, Lambert K, Paton M, Robertson K, Scott B, Stradling E, Talbot P, Wagner S, Ward K. Establishing a NSW HEN registry. Nutrition 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dwyer J, Kavanagh L, Lant P. The degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen associated with melanoidin using a UV/H2O2 AOP. Chemosphere 2008; 71:1745-1753. [PMID: 18164049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and associated colour from wastewater containing melanoidins by an advanced oxidation process (AOP). UV irradiation of H2O2 was used as the mechanism to create the hydroxyl radical for oxidation. Melanoidins are large nitrogenous organic compounds that are refractory during biological wastewater treatment processes. The simultaneous degradation of DON and colour, present as a result of these compounds, was investigated using an AOP. The oxidation process was much more capable of removing colour (99% degradation), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (50% degradation) and DON (25% degradation) at the optimal applied dose of hydrogen peroxide for the system (3300 mg l(-1)). This indicated that colour and DON removal were decoupled problems for the purpose of treating melanoidin by an AOP and thus colour removal can not be used as an indication of DON removal Colour was caused by organic molecules with molecular weight greater than 10 kDa. Oxidation caused a partial reduction of the DON (41-15% of the total dissolved nitrogen) and DOC (29-14% of the DOC) associated with the large molecular weight fraction (>10 kDa) and almost complete colour removal (87-3% of the total colour). The degraded DON was mostly accounted for by the formation of ammonia (31% of the nitrogen removed from the large fraction) and small molecular weight compounds (66% of the nitrogen removed from the large fraction). The degraded DOC appeared to be mostly mineralised (to CO2) with only 20% of the degraded compounds appearing as small molecular weight DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dwyer
- The Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
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Abstract
SARS, like HIV, placed healthcare workers at risk and raised issues about the duty to treat. But philosophical accounts of the duty to treat that were developed in the context of HIV did not adequately address some of the ethical issues raised by SARS. Since the next epidemic may be more like SARS than HIV, it is important to illuminate these issues. In this paper, we sketch a general account of the duty to treat that arose in response to HIV. Our purpose is not to defend or criticise this account, but to show that it needs to be developed in order to address three important issues. The first issue concerns how risks should be distributed among healthcare professionals. The second issue concerns the conflicts that arise between professional duties and family duties. The third issue concerns the forms of support that societies owe healthcare workers during epidemics. Our descriptions of these issues are drawn from our experience of the SARS epidemic in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dwyer
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Center for Bioethics and Humanities, 725 Irving Avenue, Suite 406, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Gazi E, Dwyer J, Lockyer NP, Gardner P, Shanks JH, Roulson J, Hart CA, Clarke NW, Brown MD. Biomolecular profiling of metastatic prostate cancer cells in bone marrow tissue using FTIR microspectroscopy: a pilot study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1621-31. [PMID: 17268776 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) cells preferentially metastasise to the bone marrow, a microenvironment that plays a substantial role in the sustenance and progression of the CaP tumour. Here we use a combination of FTIR microspectroscopy and histological stains to increase molecular specificity and probe the biochemistry of metastatic CaP cells in bone marrow tissue derived from a limited source of paraffin-embedded biopsies of different patients. This provides distinction between the following dominant metabolic processes driving the proliferation of the metastatic cells in each of these biopsies: glycerophospholipid synthesis from triacylglyceride, available from surrounding adipocytes, in specimen 1, through significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (8.23 +/- 1.44 cm(-1)), phosphate (6.13 +/- 1.5 cm(-1)) and lipid hydrocarbon (24.14 +/- 5.9 cm(-1)) signals compared with the organ-confined CaP control (OC CaP), together with vacuolation of cell cytoplasm; glycolipid synthesis in specimen 2, through significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (5.51 +/- 0.04 cm(-1)) and high lipid hydrocarbon (17.91 +/- 2.3 cm(-1)) compared with OC CaP, together with positive diastase-digested periodic acid Schiff staining in the majority of metastatic CaP cells; glycolysis in specimen 3, though significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (8.86 +/- 1.78 cm(-1)) and significantly lower (p < or = 0.05) lipid hydrocarbon (11.67 +/- 0.4 cm(-1)) than OC CaP, together with negative diastase-digested periodic acid Schiff staining in the majority of metastatic CaP cells. Detailed understanding of the biochemistry underpinning the proliferation of tumour cells at metastatic sites may help towards refining chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gazi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.
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Andrews KW, Schweitzer A, Zhao C, Holden J, Roseland J, Brandt M, Spease C, Woo J, Dwyer J, Picciano MF, Saldanha LG, Fisher K, Betz JM, Yetley E. Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline content of commonly purchased weight loss and sports performance enhancing dietary supplements. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K W Andrews
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryU S Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - A Schweitzer
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryU S Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - C Zhao
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryU S Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - J Holden
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryU S Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - J Roseland
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryU S Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - M Brandt
- Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionFDACollege ParkMD20740
| | - C Spease
- Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionFDACollege ParkMD20740
| | - J Woo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionFDACollege ParkMD20740
| | - J Dwyer
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
| | - MF Picciano
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
| | - LG Saldanha
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
| | - K Fisher
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
| | - JM Betz
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
| | - E Yetley
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHUS Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD20892
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Holden J, Roseland J, Andrews K, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Perry C, Harnly J, Wolf W, Dwyer J, Picciano MF, Betz J, Saldanha L, Yetley E, Fisher K, Sharpless K, Radimer K, Wilger J. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) Project: Pilot Study Update. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Holden
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - J Roseland
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - K Andrews
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - C Zhao
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - A Schweitzer
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - C Perry
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - J Harnly
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - W Wolf
- US Dept. of Agriculture10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - J Dwyer
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD20892
| | | | - J Betz
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD20892
| | - L Saldanha
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD20892
| | - E Yetley
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD20892
| | - K Fisher
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD20892
| | - K Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau DriveGaithersburgMD20899
| | - K Radimer
- National Center for Health Statistics3311 Toledo RoadHyattsvilleMD20782
| | - J Wilger
- National Center for Health Statistics3311 Toledo RoadHyattsvilleMD20782
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