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Ji N, Baptista A, Yu CH, Cepeda C, Green F, Greenberg M, Mincey IC, Ohman-Strickland P, Fiedler N, Kipen HM, Laumbach RJ. Traffic-related air pollution, chronic stress, and changes in exhaled nitric oxide and lung function among a panel of children with asthma living in an underresourced community. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168984. [PMID: 38040352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined associations between short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and airway inflammation and lung function in children with asthma, and whether these associations are modified by chronic psychological stress. Residents of underresourced port-adjacent communities in New Jersey were concerned about the cumulative impacts of exposure to TRAP, particularly diesel-engine truck emissions, and stress on exacerbation of asthma among children. Children with asthma aged 9-14 (n = 35) were recruited from non-smoking households. We measured each participant's (1) continuous personal exposure to black carbon (BC, a surrogate of TRAP) at 1-min intervals, (2) 24-h integrated personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), (3) daily fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and (4) lung function for up to 30 consecutive days. Personal BC was recorded by micro-aethalometers. We measured daily FeNO using the NIOX MINO, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) using Easy One Frontline spirometers. Chronic stress was measured with the UCLA Life Stress Interview for Children. The association was examined using linear mixed-effect models. In the fully adjusted model, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC at lag 0-6 h before the FeNO measurement was associated with 8 % (95 % CI: 3 % - 12 %) increase in FeNO, whereas an IQR increase in BC at lag 7-12 h and lag 0-24 h were associated with 6 % (95 % CI: 2 % - 11 %) and 7 % (2 % - 12 %) FeNO increases, respectively. There were no significant lung function changes per IQR increase in BC. No interactions were observed between chronic stress and BC on FeNO. Chronic stress was negatively associated with individual average FeNO levels. Our findings suggest that higher levels of BC exposure within the prior 24 h increased airway inflammation levels in children with asthma, with the strongest effect observed within the first 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - A Baptista
- The New School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - C H Yu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, United States of America
| | - C Cepeda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - F Green
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - M Greenberg
- The New School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - I Colon Mincey
- Ironbound Community Corporation, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - P Ohman-Strickland
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - N Fiedler
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - H M Kipen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - R J Laumbach
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
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Ji N, Fang M, Baptista A, Cepeda C, Greenberg M, Mincey IC, Ohman-Strickland P, Haynes F, Fiedler N, Kipen HM, Laumbach RJ. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and changes in exhaled nitric oxide and DNA methylation in arginase and nitric oxide synthase in children with asthma. Environ Health 2021; 20:12. [PMID: 33573660 PMCID: PMC7879528 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with increased risk of airway inflammation in children with asthma. While epigenetic changes could potentially modulate TRAP-induced inflammatory responses, few studies have assessed the temporal pattern of exposure to TRAP, epigenetic changes and inflammation in children with asthma. Our goal was to test the time-lag patterns of personal exposure to TRAP, airway inflammation (measured as fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO), and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of genes involved in nitric oxide synthesis among children with asthma. METHODS We measured personal exposure to black carbon (BC) and FeNO for up to 30 days in a panel of children with asthma. We collected 90 buccal cell samples for DNA methylation analysis from 18 children (5 per child). Methylation in promoter regions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3) and arginase (ARG1, ARG2) was assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Linear-mixed effect models were used to test the associations of BC at different lag periods, percent DNA methylation at each site and FeNO level. RESULTS Exposure to BC was positively associated with FeNO, and negatively associated with DNA methylation in NOS3. We found strongest association between FeNO and BC at lag 0-6 h while strongest associations between methylation at positions 1 and 2 in NOS3 and BC were at lag 13-24 h and lag 0-24 h, respectively. The strengths of associations were attenuated at longer lag periods. No significant associations between exposure to TRAP and methylation levels in other NOS and ARG isoforms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TRAP was associated with higher levels of FeNO and lower levels of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the NOS3 gene, indicating that DNA methylation of the NOS3 gene could be an important epigenetic mechanism in physiological responses to TRAP in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - M Fang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - C Cepeda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | - P Ohman-Strickland
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - F Haynes
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - N Fiedler
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - H M Kipen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - R J Laumbach
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amariutei DV, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux CC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell CJ, Berger BK, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair D, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brown NM, Buchanan CC, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp JB, Cannon KC, Cao J, Capano CD, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cerboni Baiardi L, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen HY, Chen Y, Cheng C, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette CG, Constancio M, Conte A, Conti L, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Cripe J, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin SL, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darman NS, Dattilo V, Dave I, Daveloza HP, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, De Rosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dojcinoski G, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer SE, Edo TB, Edwards MC, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz JM, Eikenberry SS, Engels W, Essick RC, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HAG, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar SG, Garufi F, Gatto A, Gaur G, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Castro JMG, Gopakumar A, Gordon NA, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green AC, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hacker JJ, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hart MJ, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Hollitt SE, Holt K, Holz DE, Hopkins P, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Houston EA, Howell EJ, Hu YM, Huang S, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Indik N, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Islas G, Isogai T, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jang H, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Kehl MS, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim K, Kim N, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koehlenbeck SM, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Krueger C, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey BD, Landry M, Lange J, Lantz B, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot E, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee K, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine BM, Li TGF, Libson A, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lord JE, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Luo J, Lynch R, Ma Y, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee RM, Mageswaran M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan AS, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McManus DJ, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Mercer RA, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Montani M, Moore BC, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Muir AW, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy DJ, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nedkova K, Nelemans G, Neri M, Neunzert A, Newton G, Nguyen TT, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin MEN, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Ochsner E, O’Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O’Reilly B, O’Shaughnessy R, Ott CD, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa MA, Paris HR, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patrick Z, Pearlstone BL, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Penn S, Pereira R, Perreca A, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poggiani R, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra SS, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero EA, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rakhmanov M, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rew H, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romano JD, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sanchez EJ, Sandberg V, Sandeen B, Sanders JR, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Sauter O, Savage RL, Sawadsky A, Schale P, Schilling R, Schmidt J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Serna G, Setyawati Y, Sevigny A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Sheperd A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Silva AD, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer LP, Singh A, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Smith JR, Smith ND, Smith RJE, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Sorrentino F, Souradeep T, Srivastava AK, Staley A, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steinmeyer D, Stephens BC, Stone R, Strain KA, Straniero N, Stratta G, Strauss NA, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sutton PJ, Swinkels BL, Szczepanczyk MJ, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tápai M, Tarabrin SP, Taracchini A, Taylor R, Theeg T, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas EG, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trifirò D, Tringali MC, Trozzo L, Tse M, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, van den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen JV, van Veggel AA, Vardaro M, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vinciguerra S, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Wang H, Wang M, Wang X, Wang Y, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Weßels P, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Williams RD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer MH, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Wright JL, Wu G, Yablon J, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yap MJ, Yu H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zangrando L, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw SE, Zweizig J. Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Living Rev Relativ 2016; 19:1. [PMID: 28179853 PMCID: PMC5256041 DOI: 10.1007/lrr-2016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a possible observing scenario for the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We determine the expected sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron-star systems, which are considered the most promising for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5 deg2 to 20 deg2 will require at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼ 2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. Should the third LIGO detector be relocated to India as expected, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- Fisciano, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Universitäat Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- RRCAT, Indore, MP, 452013 India
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678 Australia
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- University of Brussels, Brussels, 1050 Belgium
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad Gujarat, 382424 India
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
- University of Szeged, Dóm téer 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
- American University, Washington, D.C., 20016 USA
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- University of Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala, 695016 India
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
- Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
- Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 Korea
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
- IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
- ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
- Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, SP 01140-070 Brazil
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741252 India
- HSIC, Chilton, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX UK
- Whitman College, 280 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 9936 USA
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 305-390 Korea
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
- Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
- Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA
- Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699 USA
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Virgo Collaboration
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- Fisciano, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Universitäat Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- RRCAT, Indore, MP, 452013 India
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678 Australia
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- University of Brussels, Brussels, 1050 Belgium
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad Gujarat, 382424 India
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
- University of Szeged, Dóm téer 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
- American University, Washington, D.C., 20016 USA
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- University of Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala, 695016 India
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
- Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
- Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 Korea
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
- IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
- ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
- Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, SP 01140-070 Brazil
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741252 India
- HSIC, Chilton, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX UK
- Whitman College, 280 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 9936 USA
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 305-390 Korea
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
- Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
- Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA
- Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699 USA
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R. Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. D. Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. R. Abernathy
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - F. Acernese
- Fisciano, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K. Ackley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - C. Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - T. Adams
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. Addesso
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R. X. Adhikari
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. B. Adya
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Affeldt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Agathos
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Agatsuma
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Aggarwal
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - O. D. Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | - A. Ain
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - P. Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - B. Allen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Allocca
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. A. Altin
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - S. B. Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - W. G. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - K. Arai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. C. Araya
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. C. Arceneaux
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - J. S. Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - N. Arnaud
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - K. G. Arun
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India
| | - G. Ashton
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - M. Ast
- Universitäat Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. M. Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - P. Astone
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Aulbert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Babak
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P. T. Baker
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - F. Baldaccini
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - J. C. Barayoga
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - B. C. Barish
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - F. Barone
- Fisciano, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B. Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - L. Barsotti
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D. Barta
- RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J. Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - I. Bartos
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - R. Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - A. Basti
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. C. Batch
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - C. Baune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V. Bavigadda
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Bazzan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B. Behnke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - C. Belczynski
- Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. S. Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - C. J. Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - B. K. Berger
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Bergman
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - G. Bergmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - D. Bersanetti
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. Bhagwat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | | | - I. A. Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - G. Billingsley
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Birch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - R. Birney
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - S. Biscans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - A. Bisht
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Bitossi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Biwer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - M. A. Bizouard
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J. K. Blackburn
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. D. Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - D. Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - R. M. Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Bloemen
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O. Bock
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. P. Bodiya
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Boer
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G. Bogaert
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - C. Bogan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Bohe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P. Bojtos
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - C. Bond
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - F. Bondu
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - R. Bonnand
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R. Bork
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. Boschi
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - A. Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P. R. Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - V. B. Braginsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. Branchesi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J. E. Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - T. Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Brillet
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M. Brinkmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V. Brisson
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - P. Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - A. F. Brooks
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - D. D. Brown
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - N. M. Brown
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Buikema
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H. J. Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Buonanno
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - D. Buskulic
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C. Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - R. L. Byer
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - L. Cadonati
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - G. Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - C. Cahillane
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Calderón Bustillo
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - T. Callister
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Calloni
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J. B. Camp
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - K. C. Cannon
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada
| | - J. Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - C. D. Capano
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E. Capocasa
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F. Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Caride
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - J. Casanueva Diaz
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C. Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Caudill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - F. Cavalier
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R. Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Cella
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Cepeda
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - L. Cerboni Baiardi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - G. Cerretani
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Cesarini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R. Chakraborty
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | | | - M. Chan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - P. Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678 Australia
| | - E. Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H. Y. Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Cheng
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - A. Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H. S. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - M. Cho
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - J. H. Chow
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - Q. Chu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - S. Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Chung
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - G. Ciani
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - F. Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. A. Clark
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - F. Cleva
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E. Coccia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - P.-F. Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Colla
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M. Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | - A. Conte
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Conti
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D. Cook
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. R. Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - N. Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - A. Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - S. Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C. A. Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - J.-P. Coulon
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | - P. Couvares
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. M. Coward
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - M. J. Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. C. Coyne
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Coyne
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - K. Craig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - J. Cripe
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - A. Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - E. Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T. Dal Canton
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - S. D’Antonio
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K. Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N. S. Darman
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - V. Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I. Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, MP, 452013 India
| | - H. P. Daveloza
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - M. Davier
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - E. J. Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - R. Day
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. DeBra
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - G. Debreczeni
- RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J. Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - M. De Laurentis
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S. Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - W. Del Pozzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - T. Denker
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. Dent
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Dereli
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V. Dergachev
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. DeRosa
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - R. De Rosa
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R. DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S. Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - M. C. Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - L. Di Fiore
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Di Giovanni
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Di Lieto
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - V. Dolique
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - F. Donovan
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - K. L. Dooley
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - S. Doravari
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - R. Douglas
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - T. P. Downes
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Drago
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R. W. P. Drever
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Z. Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - M. Ducrot
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. E. Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. B. Edo
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | | | - A. Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - H.-B. Eggenstein
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Ehrens
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | | | - W. Engels
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. C. Essick
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Etzel
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Evans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. M. Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - R. Everett
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
| | | | - V. Fafone
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - H. Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | | | - X. Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Q. Fang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - S. Farinon
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B. Farr
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - W. M. Farr
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - M. Fays
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - H. Fehrmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - I. Ferrante
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. C. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | - F. Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Fidecaro
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I. Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - R. Flaminio
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - M. Fletcher
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J.-D. Fournier
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S. Franco
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S. Frasca
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Z. Frei
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - A. Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - R. Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - T. T. Fricke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Fritschel
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - V. V. Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - P. Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - M. Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - H. A. G. Gabbard
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - J. R. Gair
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
| | - L. Gammaitoni
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S. G. Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - F. Garufi
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Gatto
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - G. Gaur
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad Gujarat, 382424 India
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - G. Gemme
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B. Gendre
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E. Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Gennai
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - L. Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm téer 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - V. Germain
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A. Ghosh
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - S. Ghosh
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | | | - K. Gill
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - A. Glaefke
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - E. Goetz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - R. Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - L. Gondan
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - G. González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - A. Gopakumar
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
| | - N. A. Gordon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. L. Gorodetsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - S. E. Gossan
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Gouaty
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C. Graef
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - P. B. Graff
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - M. Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - A. Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. Gras
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - C. Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - G. Greco
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A. C. Green
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - P. Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Grote
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Grunewald
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - G. M. Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - X. Guo
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - A. Gupta
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - M. K. Gupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
| | - K. E. Gushwa
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. K. Gustafson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - J. J. Hacker
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - B. R. Hall
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - E. D. Hall
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - G. Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. Haney
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
| | - M. M. Hanke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - C. Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
| | | | - J. Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - T. Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Harms
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - G. M. Harry
- American University, Washington, D.C., 20016 USA
| | - I. W. Harry
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - M. J. Hart
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - C.-J. Haster
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M. C. Heintze
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - H. Heitmann
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P. Hello
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G. Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - I. S. Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Hennig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - M. Heurs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - D. Hoak
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - K. A. Hodge
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S. E. Hollitt
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - K. Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. E. Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Hopkins
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - D. J. Hosken
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - J. Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - E. J. Howell
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Y. M. Hu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. Huang
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E. A. Huerta
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - D. Huet
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B. Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - S. Husa
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - T. Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - A. Idrisy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
| | - N. Indik
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. R. Ingram
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Inta
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - H. N. Isa
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J.-M. Isac
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Isi
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - G. Islas
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - T. Isogai
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. R. Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - K. Izumi
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H. Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - K. Jani
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | | | - S. Jawahar
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
| | - F. Jiménez-Forteza
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - W. W. Johnson
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. I. Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - R. Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - L. Ju
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - K. Haris
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala, 695016 India
| | | | - V. Kalogera
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - S. Kandhasamy
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - G. Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - J. B. Kanner
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Karki
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - M. Kasprzack
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Katsavounidis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - W. Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. Kaur
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - K. Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - F. Kawazoe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F. Kéfélian
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M. S. Kehl
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada
| | - D. Keitel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - W. Kells
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Kennedy
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - J. S. Key
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - A. Khalaidovski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F. Y. Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - S. Khan
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Z. Khan
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
| | - E. A. Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | | | - C. Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
| | - K. Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 Korea
| | - N. Kim
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - Y.-M. Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
| | - E. J. King
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - P. J. King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. L. Kinzel
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - J. S. Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - S. Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - S. M. Koehlenbeck
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Kokeyama
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - S. Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. Kondrashov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - A. Kontos
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Korobko
- Universitäat Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Z. Korth
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - I. Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. B. Kozak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. Kringel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. Krishnan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Królak
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
- IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. Krueger
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Kuehn
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Kumar
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada
| | - L. Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | - M. Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - B. Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - P. D. Lasky
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - A. Lazzarini
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Lazzaro
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - P. Leaci
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Leavey
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - E. Lebigot
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - C. H. Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
| | - H. K. Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 Korea
| | - H. M. Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - K. Lee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Lenon
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - M. Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. R. Leong
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N. Leroy
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - N. Letendre
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Y. Levin
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - B. M. Levine
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. G. F. Li
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - A. Libson
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | - J. Logue
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. L. Lombardi
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - J. E. Lord
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - M. Lorenzini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - M. Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - G. Losurdo
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J. D. Lough
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Lück
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. P. Lundgren
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Luo
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA
| | - R. Lynch
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Y. Ma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | | | - B. Machenschalk
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. MacInnis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D. M. Macleod
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - R. M. Magee
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - M. Mageswaran
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | | | - V. Malvezzi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N. Man
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - I. Mandel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - V. Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - V. Mangano
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G. L. Mansell
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M. Manske
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Marchesoni
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F. Marion
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Z. Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - E. Maros
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - F. Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Martellini
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - I. W. Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. M. Martin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - D. V. Martynov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. N. Marx
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Mason
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - A. Masserot
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | | | - F. Matichard
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - L. Matone
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Mavalvala
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - N. Mazumder
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - G. Mazzolo
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R. McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. E. McClelland
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S. McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. C. McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - G. McIntyre
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. McIver
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - D. J. McManus
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - D. Meacher
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G. D. Meadors
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - J. Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Melatos
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - G. Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. Mendoza-Gandara
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R. A. Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - E. Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Merzougui
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S. Meshkov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - C. Messick
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
| | - P. M. Meyers
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Mezzani
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H. Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - C. Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - H. Middleton
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - L. Milano
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J. Miller
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Y. Minenkov
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J. Ming
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - S. Mirshekari
- Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, SP 01140-070 Brazil
| | - C. Mishra
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - S. Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - V. P. Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | | | - R. Mittleman
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - A. Moggi
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Mohan
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M. Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - B. C. Moore
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - C. J. Moore
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
| | - D. Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - G. Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. R. Morriss
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - K. Mossavi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. Mours
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | | | - G. Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - A. W. Muir
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Arunava Mukherjee
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - D. Mukherjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - S. Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - A. Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - J. Munch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | | | - P. G. Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Mytidis
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - I. Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Naticchioni
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R. K. Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741252 India
| | - V. Necula
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - K. Nedkova
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - G. Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Neri
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Neunzert
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Newton
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - T. T. Nguyen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A. B. Nielsen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Nitz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F. Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Nolting
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | | | - J. Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - E. Ochsner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - J. O’Dell
- HSIC, Chilton, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Oelker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - G. H. Ogin
- Whitman College, 280 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 9936 USA
| | - J. J. Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 305-390 Korea
| | - S. H. Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 305-390 Korea
| | - F. Ohme
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - M. Oliver
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - P. Oppermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R. J. Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - B. O’Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - C. D. Ott
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. J. Ottaway
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - R. S. Ottens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - H. Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - B. J. Owen
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - A. Pai
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala, 695016 India
| | | | | | - O. Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - C. Palomba
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - H. Pan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - C. Pankow
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | | | | | - F. Paoletti
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Papa
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - W. Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. Pascucci
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Passaquieti
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Z. Patrick
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | | | - M. Pedraza
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Pedurand
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - A. Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - R. Pereira
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - A. Perreca
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Phelps
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - O. Piccinni
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Pichot
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - F. Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - V. Pierro
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - G. Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - I. M. Pinto
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - M. Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. Poggiani
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Post
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Powell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Prasad
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - V. Predoi
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | | | | | - L. R. Price
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Prijatelj
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Principe
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - S. Privitera
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - G. A. Prodi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Prokhorov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. Punturo
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Puppo
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Pürrer
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - H. Qi
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - J. Qin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - V. Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - E. A. Quintero
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - F. J. Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. S. Rabeling
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - H. Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. Raffai
- “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, MTA Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - S. Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, MP, 452013 India
| | - M. Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - P. Rapagnani
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V. Raymond
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - M. Razzano
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V. Re
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J. Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - C. M. Reed
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. Regimbau
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - L. Rei
- Sezione di Genova, INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S. Reid
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - D. H. Reitze
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - H. Rew
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - F. Ricci
- Sezione di Roma, INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Université di Roma’ La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K. Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - N. A. Robertson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. Robie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - F. Robinet
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A. Rocchi
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Rolland
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J. G. Rollins
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. J. Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - J. D. Romano
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - R. Romano
- Fisciano, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
- Sezione di Napoli, INFN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G. Romanov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. H. Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. Rosińska
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S. Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Rüdiger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K. Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Sachdev
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - L. Sadeghian
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Saleem
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala, 695016 India
| | - F. Salemi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Samajdar
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741252 India
| | - L. Sammut
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - E. J. Sanchez
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. Sandberg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - B. Sandeen
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | | | - B. Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - O. Sauter
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - R. L. Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - A. Sawadsky
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Schale
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - R. Schilling
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Schmidt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Schmidt
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Schnabel
- Universitäat Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - E. Schreiber
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Schuette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - J. Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. M. Scott
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - D. Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - V. Sequino
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - G. Serna
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - Y. Setyawati
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Sevigny
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. A. Shaddock
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S. Shah
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Shaltev
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z. Shao
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - B. Shapiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - P. Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - A. Sheperd
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - D. H. Shoemaker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D. M. Shoemaker
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - K. Siellez
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - X. Siemens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - D. Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - A. D. Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | - D. Simakov
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Singer
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - L. P. Singer
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - A. Singh
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - R. Singh
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. M. Sintes
- IAC3—IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - B. J. J. Slagmolen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J. R. Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - N. D. Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. J. E. Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. J. Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 305-390 Korea
| | - B. Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - T. Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382428 India
| | - A. Staley
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Steinke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - D. Steinmeyer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. C. Stephens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - R. Stone
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - K. A. Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - N. Straniero
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - G. Stratta
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - S. Strigin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - R. Sturani
- Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, SP 01140-070 Brazil
| | - A. L. Stuver
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - L. Sun
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - B. L. Swinkels
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M. Tacca
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - D. B. Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - M. Tápai
- University of Szeged, Dóm téer 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - S. P. Tarabrin
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Taracchini
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - R. Taylor
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. Theeg
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - E. G. Thomas
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - P. Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - K. A. Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - E. Thrane
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - S. Tiwari
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - V. Tiwari
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | | | - C. Tomlinson
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - M. Tonelli
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. V. Torres
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - C. I. Torrie
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Töyrä
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - F. Travasso
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. Trifirò
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Oxford, USA
| | - M. C. Tringali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Trozzo
- Sezione di Pisa, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M. Tse
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Turconi
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D. Tuyenbayev
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - D. Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA
| | | | - A. L. Urban
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | | | - H. Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Vajente
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - G. Valdes
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - N. van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - J. F. J. van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - D. C. Vander-Hyde
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | | | - M. V. van der Sluys
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M. Vardaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Vass
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Vasúth
- RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R. Vaulin
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - A. Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - G. Vedovato
- Sezione di Padova, INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J. Veitch
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - P. J. Veitch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | | | - D. Verkindt
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F. Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A. Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- Sezione di Firenze, INFN, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - D. J. Vine
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - J.-Y. Vinet
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S. Vitale
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - H. Vocca
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Sezione di Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - S. P. Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - A. R. Wade
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - L. E. Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Walker
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Wallace
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - G. Wang
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - H. Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - X. Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Y. Wang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - R. L. Ward
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J. Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Was
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - L.-W. Wei
- ARTEMIS, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS and Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M. Weinert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. J. Weinstein
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Weiss
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Welborn
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - L. Wen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - P. Weßels
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. Westphal
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Wette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. T. Whelan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - D. J. White
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | | | - R. D. Williams
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - J. L. Willis
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699 USA
| | - B. Willke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. H. Wimmer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W. Winkler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. C. Wipf
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - H. Wittel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Worden
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. L. Wright
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - G. Wu
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - J. Yablon
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - W. Yam
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - H. Yamamoto
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. C. Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - M. J. Yap
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - H. Yu
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Yvert
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | | | - M. Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | | | - M. Zevin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - F. Zhang
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - L. Zhang
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Zhang
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - C. Zhao
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - M. Zhou
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Z. Zhou
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - X. J. Zhu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - M. E. Zucker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - S. E. Zuraw
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - J. Zweizig
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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Aasi J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Accadia T, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ain A, Ajith P, Alemic A, Allen B, Allocca A, Amariutei D, Andersen M, Anderson R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda J, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Austin L, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barbet M, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell C, Bergmann G, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Biscans S, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bloemen S, Blom M, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Buchman S, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burman R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Bustillo JC, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castiglia A, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Celerier C, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Chow J, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Colombini M, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cordier M, Cornish N, Corpuz A, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coughlin S, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart M, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Canton TD, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa RT, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Donath A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dossa S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein H, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Feldbaum D, Feroz F, Ferrante I, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair J, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill C, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Gräf C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido C, Gushwa K, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hart M, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hooper S, Hopkins P, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Huerta E, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, James E, Jang H, Jaranowski P, Ji Y, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, K H, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karlen J, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keiser GM, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim C, Kim K, Kim N, Kim NG, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kremin A, Kringel V, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lawrie C, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Le Roux A, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine B, Lewis J, Li TGF, Libbrecht K, Libson A, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Litvine V, Lockerbie NA, Lockett V, Lodhia D, Loew K, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Lubinski MJ, Lück H, Luijten E, Lundgren AP, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macarthur J, Macdonald EP, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magana-Sandoval F, Mageswaran M, Maglione C, Mailand K, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Manca GM, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mangini N, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinelli L, Martynov D, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McLin K, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Meidam J, Meinders M, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyers P, Miao H, Michel C, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Milde S, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mingarelli CMF, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Moesta P, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Kumar DN, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin MEN, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oppermann P, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Paoletti R, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poteomkin A, Powell J, Prasad J, Premachandra S, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quiroga G, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Ramirez K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Read J, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rhoades E, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rodruck M, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano JD, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders JR, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Scheuer J, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Shaddock D, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith M, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Sperandio L, Staley A, Stebbins J, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stephens BC, Steplewski S, Stevenson S, Stone R, Stops D, Strain KA, Straniero N, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor R, Ter Braack APM, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tse M, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen J, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Verma SS, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vincent-Finley R, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyachanin SP, Wade A, Wade L, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Wang M, Wang X, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams K, Williams L, Williams R, Williams T, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yang Z, Yoshida S, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw S, Zweizig J. Improved upper limits on the stochastic gravitational-wave background from 2009-2010 LIGO and Virgo data. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:231101. [PMID: 25526109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.231101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational waves from a variety of sources are predicted to superpose to create a stochastic background. This background is expected to contain unique information from throughout the history of the Universe that is unavailable through standard electromagnetic observations, making its study of fundamental importance to understanding the evolution of the Universe. We carry out a search for the stochastic background with the latest data from the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Consistent with predictions from most stochastic gravitational-wave background models, the data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. Assuming a gravitational-wave spectrum of Ω_{GW}(f)=Ω_{α}(f/f_{ref})^{α}, we place 95% confidence level upper limits on the energy density of the background in each of four frequency bands spanning 41.5-1726 Hz. In the frequency band of 41.5-169.25 Hz for a spectral index of α=0, we constrain the energy density of the stochastic background to be Ω_{GW}(f)<5.6×10^{-6}. For the 600-1000 Hz band, Ω_{GW}(f)<0.14(f/900 Hz)^{3}, a factor of 2.5 lower than the best previously reported upper limits. We find Ω_{GW}(f)<1.8×10^{-4} using a spectral index of zero for 170-600 Hz and Ω_{GW}(f)<1.0(f/1300 Hz)^{3} for 1000-1726 Hz, bands in which no previous direct limits have been placed. The limits in these four bands are the lowest direct measurements to date on the stochastic background. We discuss the implications of these results in light of the recent claim by the BICEP2 experiment of the possible evidence for inflationary gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aasi
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B P Abbott
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Abbott
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M R Abernathy
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Accadia
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Acernese
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - T Adams
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Addesso
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Affeldt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Agathos
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Aggarwal
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Ain
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Ajith
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - A Alemic
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Allen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - D Amariutei
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Andersen
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Anderson
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Arai
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Arceneaux
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Aulbert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Austin
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B E Aylott
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Babak
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - P T Baker
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Barbet
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M A Barton
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Bartos
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Batch
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Bauchrowitz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Th S Bauer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Behnke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - M G Beker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Belczynski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A S Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Bergmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bersanetti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - P T Beyersdorf
- San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Birch
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Bizouard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Black
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Blackburn
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Bloemen
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Blom
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Bock
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T P Bodiya
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Boer
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - C Bogan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Bond
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Bondu
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - L Bonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bonnand
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - R Bork
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sukanta Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India and Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - L Bosi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - V B Braginsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M Branchesi
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - J E Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D O Bridges
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - A Brillet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Brisson
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D A Brown
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D D Brown
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Brückner
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Buchman
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Burman
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D Buskulic
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Cadonati
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Campsie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K C Cannon
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - B Canuel
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C D Capano
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Carbone
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Caride
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Castiglia
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Caudill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Celerier
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cepeda
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Chakraborty
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Chalermsongsak
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S J Chamberlin
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - P Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - X Chen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Chen
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - J Chow
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - Q Chu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S S Y Chua
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Chung
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Ciani
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Clara
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J A Clark
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Cleva
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Colla
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Collette
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colombini
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Cominsky
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Cook
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Cordier
- San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - A Corpuz
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - A Corsi
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Coughlin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - J-P Coulon
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Countryman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P Couvares
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D M Coward
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M Cowart
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - K Craig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S G Crowder
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Cunningham
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Dahl
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dal Canton
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Damjanic
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S L Danilishin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H Daveloza
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Davier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Day
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Dayanga
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - G Debreczeni
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklósút 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - W Del Pozzo
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Denker
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dent
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Dereli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Dergachev
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R T DeRosa
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Díaz
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Donath
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Doravari
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - S Dossa
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - R Douglas
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T P Downes
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Drago
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R W P Drever
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - S Dwyer
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Eberle
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Edo
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Eggenstein
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ehrens
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Eichholz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - G Endrőczi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklósút 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Essick
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Evans
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | | | - V Fafone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Fairhurst
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Q Fang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W M Farr
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - H Fehrmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Feldbaum
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - F Feroz
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L S Finn
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R P Fisher
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Flaminio
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - J-D Fournier
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Franco
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Frede
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Frei
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T T Fricke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - J Gair
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - L Gammaitoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Gehrels
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ghosh
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands and Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - A Giazotto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Gill
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Goetz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Gondan
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Gordon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M L Gorodetsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Gossan
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Gossler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Gouaty
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Gräf
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P B Graff
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J S Greenhalgh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - P Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Grote
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Grover
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - G M Guidi
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C Guido
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - K Gushwa
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Hammer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Hanke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - J Harms
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - E D Harstad
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Hart
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M T Hartman
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Heintze
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Hello
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A W Heptonstall
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Heurs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoak
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K A Hodge
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Holt
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - S Hooper
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Hopkins
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - D J Hosken
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Hu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Huerta
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Huynh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - D R Ingram
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Inta
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Isogai
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ivanov
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B R Iyer
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | - K Izumi
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Jacobson
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E James
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - P Jaranowski
- Biał ystok University, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland
| | - Y Ji
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - W W Johnson
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Haris K
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
| | - P Kalmus
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kalogera
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S Kandhasamy
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Karlen
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy and LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - H Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Kawazoe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kéfélian
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Keiser
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Keitel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D B Kelley
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - W Kells
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Khalaidovski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea and Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N G Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - E J King
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - P J King
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D L Kinzel
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Kline
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Koehlenbeck
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kokeyama
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Koranda
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - W Z Korth
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Kremin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Kringel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland and NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - P Kumar
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Kumar
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | | | - P Kwee
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Landry
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Larson
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - P D Lasky
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - C Lawrie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - S Leavey
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C-H Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - H K Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Lee
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J R Leong
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Le Roux
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - N Leroy
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Y Levin
- Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B Levine
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Lewis
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T G F Li
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Libbrecht
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Libson
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A C Lin
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - V Litvine
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N A Lockerbie
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Lockett
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - D Lodhia
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Loew
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - J Logue
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Lombardi
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Lorenzini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J Lough
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M J Lubinski
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Lück
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Luijten
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - A P Lundgren
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Lynch
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Ma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Macarthur
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E P Macdonald
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T MacDonald
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Machenschalk
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - M Mageswaran
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Maglione
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - K Mailand
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - V Malvezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Man
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Manca
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mandel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N Mangini
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | | | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Marion
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Marque
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Martelli
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Martinelli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Martynov
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J N Marx
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mason
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Masserot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - F Matichard
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Matone
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R A Matzner
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Mazumder
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
| | - G Mazzolo
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70813, USA
| | - G McIntyre
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J McIver
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K McLin
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - D Meacher
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G D Meadors
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Meinders
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Meyers
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H Miao
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E E Mikhailov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Milano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Milde
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - J Miller
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - C Mishra
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Moe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - P Moesta
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Mohan
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA and Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Morgado
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S R Morriss
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - K Mossavi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Mours
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C L Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A Mullavey
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Munch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D Murphy
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mytidis
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M F Nagy
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklósút 29-33, Hungary
| | - D Nanda Kumar
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - I Nardecchia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Naticchioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R K Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - V Necula
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Newton
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Nguyen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Nitz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Nolting
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - M E N Normandin
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - E Ochsner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Oelker
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - F Ohme
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Oppermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D J Ottaway
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R S Ottens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - B J Owen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Padilla
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Pai
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Pan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Y Pan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Pankow
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Paris
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Pedraza
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perreca
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Phelps
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pichot
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Pickenpack
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Piergiovanni
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - I M Pinto
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - M Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Poeld
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Poteomkin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - J Powell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Prasad
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - T Prestegard
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L R Price
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Prijatelj
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Privitera
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O Puncken
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J Qin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - E Quintero
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Quiroga
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | | | - F J Raab
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D S Rabeling
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Rácz
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklósút 29-33, Hungary
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Raffai
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - G Rajalakshmi
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C Ramet
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - K Ramirez
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Raymond
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Re
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - C M Reed
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Rhoades
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Robinet
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Rodruck
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Rolland
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J D Romano
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R Romano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - G Romanov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Rüdiger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Salemi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Sammut
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Sandberg
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J R Sanders
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Sannibale
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - E Saracco
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - P R Saulson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Savage
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - R Schilling
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Schnabel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - E Schreiber
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schuette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D Shaddock
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Shah
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Shahriar
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Shaltev
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Shapiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T L Sidery
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Siellez
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - X Siemens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Simakov
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Singer
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Singer
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Singh
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Slutsky
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Smith
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N D Smith-Lefebvre
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - L Sperandio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Staley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Stebbins
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B C Stephens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Steplewski
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - S Stevenson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Stone
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - D Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Straniero
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Strigin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - R Sturani
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista/International Center for Theoretical Physics-South American Institue for Research, São Paulo, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | | | - S Susmithan
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P J Sutton
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B Swinkels
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tacca
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Talukder
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S P Tarabrin
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Taylor
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K A Thorne
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - K S Thorne
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Thrane
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Tiwari
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K V Tokmakov
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomlinson
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Toncelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - O Torre
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C V Torres
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - M Tse
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - A L Urban
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Urbanek
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Valdes
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M V van der Sluys
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A A van Veggel
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Vass
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklósút 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Vaulin
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Veitch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S S Verma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - F Vetrano
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - R Vincent-Finley
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70813, USA
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W D Vousden
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S P Vyachanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Wade
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - L Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Walker
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - X Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R L Ward
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M Was
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L-W Wei
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Weinert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Welborn
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - L Wen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Wessels
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M West
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Westphal
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Wette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D J White
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Wiesner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wilkinson
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Williams
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70813, USA
| | - L Williams
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Williams
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Williams
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Los Angeles 70402, USA
| | | | - J L Willis
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - B Willke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Wimmer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Winkler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A G Wiseman
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - H Wittel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Worden
- LIGO - Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Yablon
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - I Yakushin
- LIGO - Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Los Angeles 70754, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C C Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Yang
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Yang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - S Yoshida
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Los Angeles 70402, USA
| | - M Yvert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Azusa 86301, USA
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fan Zhang
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Zhao
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - X J Zhu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Zuraw
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Alamo JM, León A, Mellado P, Bernal C, Marín LM, Cepeda C, Suárez G, Serrano J, Padillo J, Gómez MÁ. Is "intra-operating room" thromboelastometry useful in liver transplantation? A case-control study in 303 patients. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3637-9. [PMID: 24314981 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation monitoring during liver transplantation (LT) is, even today, fundamental to reduce blood loss during surgery. Thromboelastometry (TEM) is a proven technique for controlling the various parameters that influence coagulation. However, there are no studies linking "intra-operating room" TEM (orTEM) with LT outcomes. We describe a case-control study in 303 liver graft recipients analyzing variables associated with operative complications and long-term LT outcomes. The results showed that orTEM reduced the use of blood products in patients with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores of ≥ 21, retransplantation, and high surgical difficulty and important intraoperative bleeding. In addition, results in survival and postoperative complications were better when orTEM was used. In conclusion, we confirm that use of orTEM is associated with less use of blood products and a lower rate of complications after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Alamo
- Liver Transplant Unit, Sevilla, Spain.
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6
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Aasi J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Alemic A, Allen B, Allocca A, Amariutei D, Andersen M, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda JS, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Augustus H, Aulbert C, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barbet M, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell C, Bergmann G, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Biscans S, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Buchman S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burman R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Celerier C, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Colombini M, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Croce RP, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Cutler C, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa RT, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dolique V, Dominguez E, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Feldbaum D, Feroz F, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Gräf C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido CJ, Gushwa K, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Ha J, Hall ED, Hamilton W, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hart M, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Holt K, Hopkins P, Horrom T, Hoske D, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Huerta E, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Ingram DR, Inta R, Islas G, Isogai 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Search for gravitational waves associated with γ-ray bursts detected by the interplanetary network. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:011102. [PMID: 25032916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 223 γ-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) in 2005-2010 during LIGO's fifth and sixth science runs and Virgo's first, second, and third science runs. The IPN satellites provide accurate times of the bursts and sky localizations that vary significantly from degree scale to hundreds of square degrees. We search for both a well-modeled binary coalescence signal, the favored progenitor model for short GRBs, and for generic, unmodeled gravitational wave bursts. Both searches use the event time and sky localization to improve the gravitational wave search sensitivity as compared to corresponding all-time, all-sky searches. We find no evidence of a gravitational wave signal associated with any of the IPN GRBs in the sample, nor do we find evidence for a population of weak gravitational wave signals associated with the GRBs. For all IPN-detected GRBs, for which a sufficient duration of quality gravitational wave data are available, we place lower bounds on the distance to the source in accordance with an optimistic assumption of gravitational wave emission energy of 10(-2)M⊙c(2) at 150 Hz, and find a median of 13 Mpc. For the 27 short-hard GRBs we place 90% confidence exclusion distances to two source models: a binary neutron star coalescence, with a median distance of 12 Mpc, or the coalescence of a neutron star and black hole, with a median distance of 22 Mpc. Finally, we combine this search with previously published results to provide a population statement for GRB searches in first-generation LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors and a resulting examination of prospects for the advanced gravitational wave detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aasi
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B P Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M R Abernathy
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Acernese
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Adams
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Addesso
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Affeldt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Agathos
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Aggarwal
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - A Alemic
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Allen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Allocca
- Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Amariutei
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Andersen
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R A Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Arai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Arceneaux
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Ast
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Augustus
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Aulbert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B E Aylott
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Babak
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - P T Baker
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Barbet
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Barone
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M A Barton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Bartos
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Batch
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Bauchrowitz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Th S Bauer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Baune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Bavigadda
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Behnke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - M G Beker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Belczynski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A S Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Bergmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bersanetti
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Birch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Biwer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M A Bizouard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Black
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Blackburn
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Bloemen
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O Bock
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T P Bodiya
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Boer
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - C Bogan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Bond
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Bondu
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - L Bonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bonnand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R Bork
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sukanta Bose
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA and Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - L Bosi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - V B Braginsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M Branchesi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J E Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D O Bridges
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Brillet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Brisson
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D A Brown
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D D Brown
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Brückner
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Buchman
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Burman
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D Buskulic
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Cadonati
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Campsie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K C Cannon
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - B Canuel
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C D Capano
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Carbone
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Caride
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Celerier
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cepeda
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Chakraborty
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Chalermsongsak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S J Chamberlin
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - P Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - X Chen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Chen
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - M Cho
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J H Chow
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Q Chu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S S Y Chua
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Chung
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Ciani
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E Clark
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Clark
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J H Clayton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Cleva
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Colla
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Collette
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colombini
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Cominsky
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Cook
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - A Corsi
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Countryman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P Couvares
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D M Coward
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - K Craig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - R P Croce
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S G Crowder
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Cunningham
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cutler
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Dahl
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dal Canton
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Damjanic
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S L Danilishin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H Daveloza
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Davier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Day
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Dayanga
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - D DeBra
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Debreczeni
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - W Del Pozzo
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Denker
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dent
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Dereli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Dergachev
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R T DeRosa
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - M Díaz
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - J Dickson
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - V Dolique
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E Dominguez
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Doravari
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Douglas
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T P Downes
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Drago
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R W P Drever
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M Ducrot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Eberle
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Edo
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H-B Eggenstein
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ehrens
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Eichholz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - G Endrőczi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Essick
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - V Fafone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Fairhurst
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Fang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W M Farr
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - D Fazi
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - H Fehrmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Feldbaum
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F Feroz
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E C Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L S Finn
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R P Fisher
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Flaminio
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - J-D Fournier
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Franco
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Frede
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Frei
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T T Fricke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J R Gair
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - L Gammaitoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Gehrels
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Gendre
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ghosh
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Giazotto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Goetz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Gondan
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Gordon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M L Gorodetsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Gossan
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Goßler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Gouaty
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Gräf
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P B Graff
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J S Greenhalgh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - P Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Grote
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Grover
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Guido
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Gushwa
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Ha
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Hamilton
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D Hammer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Hanke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2 L 2Y5, Canada
| | - M D Hannam
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Harms
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - E D Harstad
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Hart
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M T Hartman
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Heintze
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Hello
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A W Heptonstall
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Heurs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoak
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K A Hodge
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Hopkins
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T Horrom
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Hoske
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D J Hosken
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Hu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Huerta
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Huynh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Idrisy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D R Ingram
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Inta
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Islas
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - T Isogai
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ivanov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B R Iyer
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | - K Izumi
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Jacobson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | | | - Y Ji
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - W W Johnson
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Haris
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - P Kalmus
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kalogera
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S Kandhasamy
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Karlen
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy and LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Kaur
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Kawazoe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kéfélian
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Keiser
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Keitel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D B Kelley
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - W Kells
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Keppel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Khalaidovski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea and Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - N G Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - E J King
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - P J King
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D L Kinzel
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Kline
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Koehlenbeck
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kokeyama
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Koranda
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - W Z Korth
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kringel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Krishnan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland and IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - D Nanda Kumar
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Kumar
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Kumar
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | - P K Lam
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Larson
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - P D Lasky
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - S Leavey
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C H Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - H K Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - P J Lee
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J R Leong
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Leonor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - A Le Roux
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - N Leroy
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Y Levin
- Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B Levine
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Lewis
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T G F Li
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Libbrecht
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Libson
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A C Lin
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - N A Lockerbie
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Lockett
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - D Lodhia
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Loew
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Logue
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Lombardi
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Lopez
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - M Lorenzini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J Lough
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M J Lubinski
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Lück
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A P Lundgren
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Ma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - E P Macdonald
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T MacDonald
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Machenschalk
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - R Magee
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - M Mageswaran
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Maglione
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - K Mailand
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - V Malvezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Man
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Manca
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mandel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N M Mangini
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Mansell
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Marion
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Marque
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Martinelli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Martynov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J N Marx
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mason
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Masserot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - F Matichard
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Matone
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G May
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Mazumder
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - G Mazzolo
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - G McIntyre
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J McIver
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K McLin
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - D Meacher
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G D Meadors
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Meinders
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Meyer
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - F Mezzani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Miao
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E E Mikhailov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Milano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J Miller
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - C Mishra
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Moe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Moggi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mohan
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Morgado
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S R Morriss
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - K Mossavi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Mours
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C L Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A Mullavey
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Munch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D Murphy
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mytidis
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M F Nagy
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - I Nardecchia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Naticchioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R K Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - V Necula
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Neri
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Newton
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Nguyen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - A B Nielsen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Nissanke
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A H Nitz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Nolting
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M E N Normandin
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - E Ochsner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Oelker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - F Ohme
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Omar
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Oppermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - W Ortega
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D J Ottaway
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R S Ottens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B J Owen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Padilla
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Pai
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Pan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Y Pan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Pankow
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Papa
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - H Paris
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Pedraza
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perreca
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Phelps
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pichot
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Pickenpack
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - I M Pinto
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Poeld
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Poteomkin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - J Powell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Prasad
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - V Predoi
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - T Prestegard
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L R Price
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Prijatelj
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Privitera
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G A Prodi
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O Puncken
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Qin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - E Quintero
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D S Rabeling
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Rácz
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Raffai
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - G Rajalakshmi
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C Ramet
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Ramirez
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Raymond
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Re
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Recchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C M Reed
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O Reula
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - E Rhoades
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Riesen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Robinet
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S B Roddy
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L Rolland
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Romano
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Romanov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Rüdiger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Salemi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Sammut
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V Sandberg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J R Sanders
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Sankar
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Sannibale
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - E Saracco
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - P R Saulson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - R Schilling
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Schilman
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - P Schmidt
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - E Schreiber
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schuette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D A Shaddock
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Shah
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Shahriar
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Shaltev
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Shao
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Shapiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T L Sidery
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Siellez
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - X Siemens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Simakov
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Singer
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Singer
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Singh
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - J Slutsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M R Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N D Smith-Lefebvre
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - A Staley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Stebbins
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Steinke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B C Stephens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Steplewski
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - S Stevenson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Stone
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - D Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Straniero
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Strigin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - R Sturani
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - S Susmithan
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P J Sutton
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B Swinkels
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tacca
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Talukder
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Tao
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S P Tarabrin
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Taylor
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Tellez
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K S Thorne
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Thrane
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Tiwari
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K V Tokmakov
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomlinson
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C V Torres
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Tse
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Tshilumba
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - H Tuennermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - A L Urban
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S A Usman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Valdes
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M V van der Sluys
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A A van Veggel
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Vass
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Vaulin
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Veitch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - R Vincent-Finley
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W D Vousden
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S P Vyachanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Wade
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Walker
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - X Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R L Ward
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Was
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L-W Wei
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Weinert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Welborn
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L Wen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Wessels
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M West
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Westphal
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Wette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D J White
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Wiesner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wilkinson
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Williams
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - L Williams
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Williams
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Williams
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | | | - J L Willis
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - B Willke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Wimmer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Winkler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A G Wiseman
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - H Wittel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Wolovick
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - J Worden
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Wu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Yablon
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - I Yakushin
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - W Yam
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C C Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Yang
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | - M Yvert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fan Zhang
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Zhao
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - H Zhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Zuraw
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R L Aptekar
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - J L Atteia
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France and CNRS, IRAP, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - T Cline
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - V Connaughton
- CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - D D Frederiks
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - S V Golenetskii
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - K Hurley
- University of California-Berkeley, Space Sciences Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H A Krimm
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Universities Space Research Association, 7178 Columbia Gateway Drive Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - M Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - V D Pal'shin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation and Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 195251, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Palmer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D S Svinkin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Y Terada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Japan
| | - A von Kienlin
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Aasi J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Alemic A, Allen B, Allocca A, Amariutei D, Andersen M, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda JS, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Augustus H, Aulbert C, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barbet M, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell C, Bergmann G, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Biscans S, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Buchman S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burman R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Celerier C, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Colombini M, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Croce RP, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Cutler C, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa RT, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dolique V, Dominguez E, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Feldbaum D, Feroz F, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Gräf C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido CJ, Gushwa K, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Ha J, Hall ED, Hamilton W, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hart M, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Holt K, Hopkins P, Horrom T, Hoske D, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Huerta E, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Ingram DR, Inta R, Islas G, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, Jang H, Jaranowski P, Ji Y, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karlen J, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keiser GM, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim C, Kim K, Kim NG, Kim N, Kim S, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar DN, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lam PK, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Lee PJ, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leonor I, Le Roux A, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine B, Lewis J, Li TGF, Libbrecht K, Libson A, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, 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Mittleman R, Moe B, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz AH, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin MEN, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Omar S, Oppermann P, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ortega W, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poteomkin A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra S, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Ramirez K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Recchia S, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Reula O, Rhoades E, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Roddy SB, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders JR, Sankar S, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Scheuer J, Schilling R, Schilman M, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Staley A, Stebbins J, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stephens BC, Steplewski S, Stevenson S, Stone R, Stops D, Strain KA, Straniero N, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tao J, Tarabrin SP, Taylor R, Tellez G, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tse M, Tshilumba D, Tuennermann H, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Vallisneri M, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen J, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vincent-Finley R, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyachanin SP, Wade AR, Wade L, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang M, Wang X, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams K, Williams L, Williams R, Williams TD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Wittel H, Woan G, Wolovick N, Worden J, Wu Y, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yoshida S, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu H, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw S, Zweizig J, Aptekar RL, Atteia JL, Cline T, Connaughton V, Frederiks DD, Golenetskii SV, Hurley K, Krimm HA, Marisaldi M, Pal'shin VD, Palmer D, Svinkin DS, Terada Y, von Kienlin A. Search for gravitational waves associated with γ-ray bursts detected by the interplanetary network. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:011102. [PMID: 25032916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 223 γ-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) in 2005-2010 during LIGO's fifth and sixth science runs and Virgo's first, second, and third science runs. The IPN satellites provide accurate times of the bursts and sky localizations that vary significantly from degree scale to hundreds of square degrees. We search for both a well-modeled binary coalescence signal, the favored progenitor model for short GRBs, and for generic, unmodeled gravitational wave bursts. Both searches use the event time and sky localization to improve the gravitational wave search sensitivity as compared to corresponding all-time, all-sky searches. We find no evidence of a gravitational wave signal associated with any of the IPN GRBs in the sample, nor do we find evidence for a population of weak gravitational wave signals associated with the GRBs. For all IPN-detected GRBs, for which a sufficient duration of quality gravitational wave data are available, we place lower bounds on the distance to the source in accordance with an optimistic assumption of gravitational wave emission energy of 10(-2)M⊙c(2) at 150 Hz, and find a median of 13 Mpc. For the 27 short-hard GRBs we place 90% confidence exclusion distances to two source models: a binary neutron star coalescence, with a median distance of 12 Mpc, or the coalescence of a neutron star and black hole, with a median distance of 22 Mpc. Finally, we combine this search with previously published results to provide a population statement for GRB searches in first-generation LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors and a resulting examination of prospects for the advanced gravitational wave detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aasi
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B P Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M R Abernathy
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Acernese
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Adams
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Addesso
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Affeldt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Agathos
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Aggarwal
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - A Alemic
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Allen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Allocca
- Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Amariutei
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Andersen
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R A Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Arai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Arceneaux
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Ast
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Augustus
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Aulbert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B E Aylott
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Babak
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - P T Baker
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Barbet
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Barone
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M A Barton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Bartos
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Batch
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Bauchrowitz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Th S Bauer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Baune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Bavigadda
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Behnke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - M G Beker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Belczynski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A S Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Bergmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bersanetti
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Birch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Biwer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M A Bizouard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Black
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Blackburn
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Bloemen
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O Bock
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T P Bodiya
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Boer
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - C Bogan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Bond
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Bondu
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - L Bonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bonnand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R Bork
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sukanta Bose
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA and Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - L Bosi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - V B Braginsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M Branchesi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J E Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D O Bridges
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Brillet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Brisson
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D A Brown
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D D Brown
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Brückner
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Buchman
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Burman
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D Buskulic
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Cadonati
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Campsie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K C Cannon
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - B Canuel
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C D Capano
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Carbone
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Caride
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Celerier
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cepeda
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Chakraborty
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Chalermsongsak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S J Chamberlin
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - P Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - X Chen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Chen
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - M Cho
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J H Chow
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Q Chu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S S Y Chua
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Chung
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Ciani
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E Clark
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Clark
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J H Clayton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Cleva
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Colla
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Collette
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colombini
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Cominsky
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Cook
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - A Corsi
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Countryman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P Couvares
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D M Coward
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - K Craig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - R P Croce
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S G Crowder
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Cunningham
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cutler
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Dahl
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dal Canton
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Damjanic
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S L Danilishin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H Daveloza
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Davier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Day
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Dayanga
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - D DeBra
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Debreczeni
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - W Del Pozzo
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Denker
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dent
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Dereli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Dergachev
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R T DeRosa
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - M Díaz
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - J Dickson
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - V Dolique
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E Dominguez
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Doravari
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Douglas
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T P Downes
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Drago
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R W P Drever
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M Ducrot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Eberle
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Edo
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H-B Eggenstein
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ehrens
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Eichholz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - G Endrőczi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Essick
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - V Fafone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Fairhurst
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Fang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W M Farr
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - D Fazi
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - H Fehrmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Feldbaum
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F Feroz
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E C Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L S Finn
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R P Fisher
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Flaminio
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - J-D Fournier
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Franco
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Frede
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Frei
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T T Fricke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J R Gair
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - L Gammaitoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Gehrels
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Gendre
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ghosh
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Giazotto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Goetz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Gondan
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Gordon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M L Gorodetsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Gossan
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Goßler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Gouaty
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Gräf
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P B Graff
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J S Greenhalgh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - P Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Grote
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Grover
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Guido
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Gushwa
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Ha
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Hamilton
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D Hammer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Hanke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2 L 2Y5, Canada
| | - M D Hannam
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Harms
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - E D Harstad
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Hart
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M T Hartman
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Heintze
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Hello
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A W Heptonstall
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Heurs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoak
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K A Hodge
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Hopkins
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T Horrom
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Hoske
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D J Hosken
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y Hu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Huerta
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Huynh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Idrisy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D R Ingram
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Inta
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Islas
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - T Isogai
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ivanov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B R Iyer
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | - K Izumi
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Jacobson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | | | - Y Ji
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - W W Johnson
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Haris
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - P Kalmus
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kalogera
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S Kandhasamy
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Karlen
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy and LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Kaur
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Kawazoe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kéfélian
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Keiser
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Keitel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D B Kelley
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - W Kells
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Keppel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Khalaidovski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea and Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - N G Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - E J King
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - P J King
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D L Kinzel
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Kline
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Koehlenbeck
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kokeyama
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Koranda
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - W Z Korth
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kringel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Krishnan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland and IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - D Nanda Kumar
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Kumar
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Kumar
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | - P K Lam
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Larson
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - P D Lasky
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - S Leavey
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C H Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - H K Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - P J Lee
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J R Leong
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Leonor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - A Le Roux
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - N Leroy
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Y Levin
- Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B Levine
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Lewis
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T G F Li
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Libbrecht
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Libson
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A C Lin
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - N A Lockerbie
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Lockett
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - D Lodhia
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Loew
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Logue
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Lombardi
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Lopez
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - M Lorenzini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J Lough
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M J Lubinski
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Lück
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A P Lundgren
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Ma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - E P Macdonald
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T MacDonald
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Machenschalk
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - R Magee
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - M Mageswaran
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Maglione
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - K Mailand
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - V Malvezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Man
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Manca
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mandel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N M Mangini
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Mansell
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Marion
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Marque
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Martinelli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Martynov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J N Marx
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mason
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Masserot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - F Matichard
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Matone
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G May
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Mazumder
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - G Mazzolo
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - G McIntyre
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J McIver
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K McLin
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
| | - D Meacher
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G D Meadors
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Meinders
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Meyer
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - F Mezzani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Miao
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E E Mikhailov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Milano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J Miller
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - C Mishra
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Moe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Moggi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mohan
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Morgado
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S R Morriss
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - K Mossavi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Mours
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C L Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A Mullavey
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Munch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D Murphy
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mytidis
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M F Nagy
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - I Nardecchia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Naticchioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R K Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - V Necula
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Neri
- Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Newton
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Nguyen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - A B Nielsen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Nissanke
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A H Nitz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Nolting
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M E N Normandin
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - E Ochsner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Oelker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - F Ohme
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Omar
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Oppermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - W Ortega
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D J Ottaway
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R S Ottens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B J Owen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Padilla
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Pai
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Pan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Y Pan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Pankow
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Papa
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - H Paris
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Pedraza
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perreca
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Phelps
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pichot
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Pickenpack
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - I M Pinto
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Poeld
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Poteomkin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - J Powell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Prasad
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - V Predoi
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - T Prestegard
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L R Price
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Prijatelj
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Privitera
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G A Prodi
- Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O Puncken
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Qin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - E Quintero
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D S Rabeling
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Rácz
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Raffai
- MTA Eötvös University, 'Lendulet' A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - G Rajalakshmi
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C Ramet
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Ramirez
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Raymond
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Re
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Recchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C M Reed
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O Reula
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - E Rhoades
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Riesen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Robinet
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S B Roddy
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L Rolland
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Romano
- Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Romanov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Rüdiger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Salemi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Sammut
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V Sandberg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J R Sanders
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Sankar
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Sannibale
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - E Saracco
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - P R Saulson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - R Schilling
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Schilman
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - P Schmidt
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - E Schreiber
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schuette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D A Shaddock
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Shah
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Shahriar
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Shaltev
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Shao
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Shapiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T L Sidery
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Siellez
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - X Siemens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Simakov
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Singer
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Singer
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Singh
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - J Slutsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M R Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N D Smith-Lefebvre
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
| | - A Staley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Stebbins
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Steinke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B C Stephens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Steplewski
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - S Stevenson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Stone
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - D Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Straniero
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Strigin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - R Sturani
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - S Susmithan
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P J Sutton
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B Swinkels
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tacca
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Talukder
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Tao
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S P Tarabrin
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Taylor
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Tellez
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K S Thorne
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Thrane
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Tiwari
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K V Tokmakov
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomlinson
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C V Torres
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Tse
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Tshilumba
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - H Tuennermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - A L Urban
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S A Usman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Valdes
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M V van der Sluys
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A A van Veggel
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Vass
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Vaulin
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Veitch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - R Vincent-Finley
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W D Vousden
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S P Vyachanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Wade
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Walker
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - X Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R L Ward
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Was
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L-W Wei
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Weinert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Welborn
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L Wen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Wessels
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M West
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Westphal
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Wette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D J White
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Wiesner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wilkinson
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Williams
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - L Williams
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Williams
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Williams
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | | | - J L Willis
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - B Willke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Wimmer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Winkler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A G Wiseman
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - H Wittel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Wolovick
- Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - J Worden
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Wu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Yablon
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - I Yakushin
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - W Yam
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C C Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Yang
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | - M Yvert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fan Zhang
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Zhao
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - H Zhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Zuraw
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R L Aptekar
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - J L Atteia
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France and CNRS, IRAP, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - T Cline
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - V Connaughton
- CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - D D Frederiks
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - S V Golenetskii
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - K Hurley
- University of California-Berkeley, Space Sciences Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H A Krimm
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Universities Space Research Association, 7178 Columbia Gateway Drive Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - M Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - V D Pal'shin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation and Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 195251, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Palmer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D S Svinkin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Y Terada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Japan
| | - A von Kienlin
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Aasi J, Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adams T, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Amador Ceron E, Amariutei D, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda J, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Austin L, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barker D, Barnum SH, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch J, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Bebronne M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Bell AS, Bell C, Belopolski I, Bergmann G, Berliner JM, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Bessis D, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bhadbhade T, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Blom M, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bowers J, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brannen CA, Brau JE, Breyer J, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castiglia A, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Chow J, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Colombini M, Constancio M, Conte A, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cordier M, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart M, Coyne DC, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Del Pozzo W, Deleeuw E, Deléglise S, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Dmitry K, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Dumas JC, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans K, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher R, Flaminio R, Foley E, Foley S, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fujimoto MK, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair J, Gammaitoni L, Garcia J, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Gergely L, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gil-Casanova S, Gill C, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Griffo C, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido C, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hall B, Hall E, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hartman MT, Haughian K, Hayama K, Heefner J, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Holtrop M, Hong T, Hooper S, Horrom T, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Hua Z, Huang V, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Iafrate J, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, James E, Jang H, Jang YJ, Jaranowski P, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones D, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, K H, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kasprzack M, Kasturi R, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kaufman K, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim BK, Kim C, Kim K, Kim N, Kim W, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Kremin A, Kringel V, Królak A, Kucharczyk C, Kudla S, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kurdyumov R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lawrie C, Lazzarini A, Le Roux A, Leaci P, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Lee J, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levine B, Lewis JB, Lhuillier V, Li TGF, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Litvine V, Liu F, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lloyd D, Lockerbie NA, Lockett V, Lodhia D, Loew K, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Luan J, Lubinski MJ, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Macarthur J, Macdonald E, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magana-Sandoval F, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Manca GM, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinelli L, Martynov D, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, May G, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Meidam J, Meier T, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mingarelli CMF, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Mokler F, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Mori T, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Nanda Kumar D, Nardecchia I, Nash T, Naticchioni L, Nayak R, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nishida E, Nishizawa A, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin ME, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oppermann P, O'Reilly B, Ortega Larcher W, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ott CD, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Ou J, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Paoletti R, Papa MA, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Peiris P, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pindor B, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poole V, Poux C, Predoi V, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Rodriguez C, Rodruck M, Roever C, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders J, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock D, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Sintes AM, Skelton GR, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Soden K, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Sperandio 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Wang M, Wang X, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wibowo S, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams L, Williams R, Williams T, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yum H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu H, Zhu XJ, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on cosmic strings from the LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:131101. [PMID: 24745400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic strings can give rise to a large variety of interesting astrophysical phenomena. Among them, powerful bursts of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by cusps are a promising observational signature. In this Letter we present a search for GWs from cosmic string cusps in data collected by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors between 2005 and 2010, with over 625 days of live time. We find no evidence of GW signals from cosmic strings. From this result, we derive new constraints on cosmic string parameters, which complement and improve existing limits from previous searches for a stochastic background of GWs from cosmic microwave background measurements and pulsar timing data. In particular, if the size of loops is given by the gravitational backreaction scale, we place upper limits on the string tension Gμ below 10(-8) in some regions of the cosmic string parameter space.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aasi
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Abadie
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M R Abernathy
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Accadia
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Acernese
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - C Adams
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Adams
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Affeldt
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Agathos
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Aggarwal
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ajith
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Allen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Amador Ceron
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Amariutei
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R A Anderson
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Arai
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Arceneaux
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Ast
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Aulbert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Austin
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B E Aylott
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Babak
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - P T Baker
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S H Barnum
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M A Barton
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Bartos
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Batch
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Bauchrowitz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Th S Bauer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bebronne
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B Behnke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - M G Beker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Belopolski
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Bergmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J M Berliner
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Bersanetti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Bessis
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P T Beyersdorf
- San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - T Bhadbhade
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Birch
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Bizouard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Black
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Blackburn
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Blair
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - M Blom
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Bock
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T P Bodiya
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Boer
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - C Bogan
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Bond
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Bondu
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - L Bonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bonnand
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - R Bork
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bose
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - L Bosi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Bowers
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - M Branchesi
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C A Brannen
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - J E Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - J Breyer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D O Bridges
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Brillet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Brisson
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - M Britzger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D A Brown
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D D Brown
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Brückner
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Buskulic
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - R L Byer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Cadonati
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Campsie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K C Cannon
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5 S 3H8, Canada
| | - B Canuel
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C D Capano
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Carbone
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Caride
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Castiglia
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Caudill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cepeda
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Chakraborty
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Chalermsongsak
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - P Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - X Chen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Y Chen
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - J Chow
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Q Chu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S S Y Chua
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Chung
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - G Ciani
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Clara
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E Clark
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Clark
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Cleva
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Colla
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Colombini
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Conte
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy
| | - D Cook
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Cordier
- San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - A Corsi
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Countryman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P Couvares
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D M Coward
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - M Cowart
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Craig
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T D Creighton
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - S G Crowder
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Cunningham
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Dahl
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dal Canton
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Damjanic
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S L Danilishin
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Daudert
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Daveloza
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Davier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Day
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Dayanga
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Debreczeni
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - W Del Pozzo
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Deleeuw
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Denker
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dent
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Dereli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Dergachev
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R DeRosa
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - M Díaz
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A Dietz
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - K Dmitry
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Doravari
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Drago
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R W P Drever
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-C Dumas
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S Dwyer
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Eberle
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - P Ehrens
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Eichholz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - G Endrőczi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Essick
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Evans
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Evans
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Evans
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - V Fafone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Fairhurst
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Q Fang
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W Farr
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - D Fazi
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - H Fehrmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Feldbaum
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L S Finn
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Fisher
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Flaminio
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E Foley
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Foley
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Forsi
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - N Fotopoulos
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J-D Fournier
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Franco
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Frede
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Frei
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Z Frei
- MTA-Eotvos University, "Lendulet" A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T T Fricke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M-K Fujimoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Gair
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - L Gammaitoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Garcia
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Gehrels
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Gergely
- MTA-Eotvos University, "Lendulet" A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S Ghosh
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Giampanis
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Giazotto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Gil-Casanova
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Gill
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Goetz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Gondan
- MTA-Eotvos University, "Lendulet" A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Gordon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Gossan
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Goßler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Gouaty
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Graef
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P B Graff
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J S Greenhalgh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - C Griffo
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - P Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Grote
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Grover
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - G M Guidi
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C Guido
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K E Gushwa
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B Hall
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - E Hall
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Hammer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Hanke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Harms
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - E D Harstad
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M T Hartman
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Hayama
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - J Heefner
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Heintze
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Hello
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A W Heptonstall
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Heurs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoak
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - K A Hodge
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Holt
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - T Hong
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Hooper
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - T Horrom
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D J Hosken
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Y Hu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hua
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - V Huang
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - E A Huerta
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Huynh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Iafrate
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D R Ingram
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Inta
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - T Isogai
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ivanov
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B R Iyer
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | - K Izumi
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Jacobson
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E James
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Y J Jang
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | | | - W W Johnson
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D Jones
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haris K
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - P Kalmus
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Kalogera
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S Kandhasamy
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy and LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - R Kasturi
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kaufman
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Kawamura
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - F Kawazoe
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kéfélian
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Keitel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D B Kelley
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - W Kells
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Keppel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Khalaidovski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Y Khalili
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - B K Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - C Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea and Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W Kim
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Y-M Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - E J King
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - P J King
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D L Kinzel
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Kline
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Koehlenbeck
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kokeyama
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Koranda
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - W Z Korth
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kozak
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Kremin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Kringel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland and NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - C Kucharczyk
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Kudla
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Kuehn
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - P Kumar
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Kumar
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Kurdyumov
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Kwee
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Landry
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Larson
- Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - P D Lasky
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - C Lawrie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Le Roux
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Leaci
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - C-H Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - H K Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Lee
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Lee
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J R Leong
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Leroy
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B Levine
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J B Lewis
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Lhuillier
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T G F Li
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Lin
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - V Litvine
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Liu
- University of Brussels, Brussels 1050 Belgium
| | - H Liu
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Liu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Lloyd
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N A Lockerbie
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Lockett
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - D Lodhia
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Loew
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Logue
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Lombardi
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Lorenzini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - J Lough
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Luan
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M J Lubinski
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Lück
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A P Lundgren
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Macarthur
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Macdonald
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B Machenschalk
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - F Magana-Sandoval
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Mageswaran
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mailand
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - V Malvezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Man
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G M Manca
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mandel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Marion
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Marque
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Martelli
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Martinelli
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Martynov
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J N Marx
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mason
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Masserot
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - F Matichard
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Matone
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R A Matzner
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G May
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Mazumder
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - G Mazzolo
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - G McIntyre
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J McIver
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D Meacher
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G D Meadors
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Meier
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Meyer
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Miao
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - E E Mikhailov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Milano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J Miller
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | | | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Moe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mohan
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA and Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Mokler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Morgado
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - T Mori
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S R Morriss
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - K Mossavi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Mours
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C L Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Mueller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A Mullavey
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Munch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - D Murphy
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mytidis
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M F Nagy
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - D Nanda Kumar
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - I Nardecchia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Nash
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Naticchioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - V Necula
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Neri
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Newton
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Nguyen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - E Nishida
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Nishizawa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Nitz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Nolting
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M E Normandin
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - L K Nuttall
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Ochsner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Oelker
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G H Ogin
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - F Ohme
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Oppermann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - W Ortega Larcher
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C D Ott
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D J Ottaway
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - R S Ottens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Ou
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B J Owen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Padilla
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Pai
- IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Pankow
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M A Papa
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - H Paris
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Pedraza
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Peiris
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perreca
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Phelps
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pichot
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Pickenpack
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Piergiovanni
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - B Pindor
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - I M Pinto
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy
| | - M Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Poeld
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Poole
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - C Poux
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Predoi
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - T Prestegard
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L R Price
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Prijatelj
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Principe
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy
| | - S Privitera
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Prix
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy and Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - O Puncken
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - E Quintero
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - F J Raab
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D S Rabeling
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Rácz
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Raffai
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and MTA-Eotvos University, "Lendulet" A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, MP 452013, India
| | - G Rajalakshmi
- Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C Ramet
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Raymond
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Re
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C M Reed
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Reed
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Riesen
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Robinet
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Roddy
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C Rodriguez
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Rodruck
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Roever
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Rolland
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Romano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - G Romanov
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Rüdiger
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Salemi
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Sammut
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V Sandberg
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Sanders
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Sannibale
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - E Saracco
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | | | - P R Saulson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R Savage
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Schilling
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Schnabel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - E Schreiber
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schuette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Schulz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom and Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - P Schwinberg
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - F Seifert
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D Shaddock
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S Shah
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Shahriar
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Shaltev
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Shapiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T L Sidery
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Siellez
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - X Siemens
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Simakov
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Singer
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Singer
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - G R Skelton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - J Slutsky
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M R Smith
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N D Smith-Lefebvre
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Soden
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - L Sperandio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Staley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - E Steinert
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Steinlechner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Steplewski
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - A Stochino
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - R Stone
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Straniero
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - S Strigin
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - A S Stroeer
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R Sturani
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A L Stuver
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | | | - S Susmithan
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - P J Sutton
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B Swinkels
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Szeifert
- MTA-Eotvos University, "Lendulet" A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - M Tacca
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Talukder
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - L Tang
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S P Tarabrin
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Taylor
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K A Thorne
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K S Thorne
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Thrane
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Tiwari
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K V Tokmakov
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomlinson
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Toncelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - O Torre
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C V Torres
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Tse
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - H Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M V van der Sluys
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A A van Veggel
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Vass
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - R Vaulin
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Veitch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Verma
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - F Vetrano
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - R Vincent-Finley
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands and LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Vlcek
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Vo
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W D Vousden
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Vrinceanu
- The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - A Wade
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Wade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S J Waldman
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Walker
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Wan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Wang
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - M Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - X Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R L Ward
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Was
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L-W Wei
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Weinert
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Welborn
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L Wen
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - P Wessels
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M West
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Westphal
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Wette
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S E Whitcomb
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - D J White
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Wibowo
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Wiesner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wilkinson
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Williams
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Williams
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Williams
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | - J L Willis
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - B Willke
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Wimmer
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Winkelmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Winkler
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wittel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Worden
- LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Yablon
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - I Yakushin
- LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C C Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Yang
- Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Yeaton-Massey
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | - H Yum
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Yvert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Zhang
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Zhao
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - H Zhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - N Zotov
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amador Ceron E, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Bennett MF, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Bondarescu R, Bork R, Born M, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Breyer J, Bridges DO, Brinkmann M, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cain J, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Capano C, Cardenas L, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalermsongsak T, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Chua SSY, Chung CTY, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coward D, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Culter RM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Dahl K, Danilishin SL, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Daw EJ, Dayanga T, DeBra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Driggers J, Dueck J, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer S, Edgar M, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Friedrich D, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Goßler S, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hammond GD, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Haughian K, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell E, Hoyland D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Ingram DR, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kanner J, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, Kim H, King PJ, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Kuehn G, Kullman J, Kumar R, Kwee P, Lam PK, Landry M, Lang M, Lantz B, Lastzka N, Lazzarini A, Leaci P, Lei M, Leindecker N, Leonor I, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Lundgren A, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mak C, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McKechan DJA, Mehmet M, Melatos A, Melissinos AC, Mendell G, Menéndez DF, Mercer RA, Merrill L, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Miller J, Mino Y, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Mohapatra SRP, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, MowLowry C, Mueller G, Müller-Ebhardt H, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murray PG, Nash T, Nawrodt R, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishida E, Nishizawa A, O’Dell J, O’Reilly B, O’Shaughnessy R, Ochsner E, Ogin GH, Oldenburg R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Page A, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Patel P, Pathak D, Pedraza M, Pekowsky L, Penn S, Peralta C, Perreca A, Pickenpack M, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raics Z, Rakhmanov M, Raymond V, Reed CM, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Roberts P, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Röver C, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sammut L, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaría L, Santostasi G, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Satterthwaite M, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sintes AM, Skelton G, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Speirits F, Stein AJ, Stein LC, Steplewski S, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strigin S, Stroeer A, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sung M, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Szokoly GP, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor JR, Taylor R, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Titsler C, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Trias M, Turner L, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vallisneri M, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Veltkamp C, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Wanner A, Ward RL, Wei P, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J, Buchner S. Publisher’s Note: Search for gravitational waves associated with the August 2006 timing glitch of the Vela pulsar [Phys. Rev. D83, 042001 (2011)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.089902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abernathy M, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amador Ceron E, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Antonucci F, Arain MA, Araya M, Aronsson M, Arun KG, Aso Y, Aston S, Astone P, Atkinson DE, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballardin G, Ballinger T, Ballmer S, Barker D, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Behnke B, Beker MG, Belletoile A, Benacquista M, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Beveridge N, Beyersdorf PT, Bigotta S, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birindelli S, Biswas R, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Blom M, Boccara C, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Bondarescu R, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Bose S, Bosi L, Bouhou B, Boyle M, Braccini S, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Breyer J, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Budzyński R, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burguet-Castell J, Burmeister O, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cain J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campagna E, Campsie P, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano C, Carbognani F, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chalermsongsak T, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Christensen N, Chua SSY, Chung CTY, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Colacino CN, Colas J, Colla A, Colombini M, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coulon JP, Coward D, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Culter RM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Danilishin SL, Dannenberg R, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Das K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Davier M, Davies G, Davis A, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, DeBra D, Degallaix J, del Prete M, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devanka P, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Paolo Emilio M, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Dorsher S, Douglas ESD, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Dueck J, Dumas JC, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edgar M, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Engel R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Farr BF, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Flaminio R, Flanigan M, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franc J, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Friedrich D, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Galimberti M, Gammaitoni L, Garofoli JA, Garufi F, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill C, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Greverie C, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hall P, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Haughian K, Hayama K, Hayau JF, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heitmann H, Hello P, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell E, Hoyland D, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Jaranowski P, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kanner J, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim H, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krause T, Kringel V, Krishnamurthy S, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kullman J, Kumar R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lang M, Lantz B, Lastzka N, Lazzarini A, Leaci P, Leong J, Leonor I, Leroy N, Letendre N, Li J, Li TGF, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lu P, Luan J, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Lundgren A, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Mak C, Maksimovic I, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan DJA, Meadors G, Mehmet M, Meier T, Melatos A, Melissinos AC, Mendell G, Menéndez DF, Mercer RA, Merill L, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mino Y, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohanty SD, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreau J, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morgia A, Mors K, Mosca S, Moscatelli V, Mossavi K, Mours B, MowLowry C, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Nash T, Nawrodt R, Nelson J, Neri I, Newton G, Nishida E, Nishizawa A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Ochsner E, O’Dell J, Ogin GH, Oldenburg RG, O’Reilly B, O’Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Page A, Pagliaroli G, Palladino L, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Pardi S, Pareja M, Parisi M, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel P, Pathak D, Pedraza M, Pekowsky L, Penn S, Peralta C, Perreca A, Persichetti G, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pietka M, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Poggiani R, Postiglione F, Prato M, Predoi V, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radke T, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rakhmanov M, Rankins B, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Roberts P, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Röver C, Rolland L, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romano R, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sakosky M, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaría L, Santostasi G, Saraf S, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Satterthwaite M, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock D, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Singer A, Sintes AM, Skelton G, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Speirits FC, Sperandio L, Stein AJ, Stein LC, Steinlechner S, Steplewski S, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strigin S, Stroeer A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sung M, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor JR, Taylor R, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Thüring A, Titsler C, Tokmakov KV, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres C, Torrie CI, Tournefier E, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trias M, Trummer J, Tseng K, Turner L, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vaishnav B, Vajente G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vavoulidis M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Veltkamp C, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Villar A, Vinet JY, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Wei P, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams L, Willke B, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yu PP, Yvert M, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Publisher’s Note: Search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence in LIGO and Virgo data from S5 and VSR1 [Phys. Rev. D82, 102001 (2010)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.089903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abernathy M, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen GS, Ceron EA, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Antonucci F, Arain MA, Araya MC, Aronsson M, Arun KG, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Atkinson D, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Barker D, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Behnke B, Beker MG, Belletoile A, Benacquista M, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Beveridge N, Beyersdorf PT, Bigotta S, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birindelli S, Biswas R, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Blom M, Boccara C, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Bondarescu R, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Bose S, Bosi L, Bouhou B, Boyle M, Braccini S, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Breyer J, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Budzyński R, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burguet-Castell J, Burmeister O, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cain J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campagna E, Campsie P, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano C, Carbognani F, Caride S, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chalermsongsak T, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Christensen N, Chua SSY, Chung CTY, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Colacino CN, Colas J, Colla A, Colombini M, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coulon JP, Coward DM, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Culter RM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Danilishin SL, Dannenberg R, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Das K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Davier M, Davies G, Davis A, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, DeBra D, Degallaix J, del Prete M, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devanka P, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Paolo Emilio M, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Dorsher S, Douglas ESD, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Dueck J, Dumas JC, Eberle T, Edgar M, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Engel R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Farr BF, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Flaminio R, Flanigan M, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franc J, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Friedrich D, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Galimberti M, Gammaitoni L, Garofoli JA, Garufi F, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Gholami I, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill C, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gorodetsky ML, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Greverie C, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hall P, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Haughian K, Hayama K, Hayau JF, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heitmann H, Hello P, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoyland D, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Jaranowski P, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kanner JB, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim H, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krause T, Kringel V, Krishnamurthy S, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kullman J, Kumar R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lang M, Lantz B, Lastzka N, Lazzarini A, Leaci P, Leong J, Leonor I, Leroy N, Letendre N, Li J, Li TGF, Liguori N, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lu P, Luan J, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Lundgren AD, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Mak C, Maksimovic I, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan DJA, Meadors G, Mehmet M, Meier T, Melatos A, Melissinos AC, Mendell G, Menéndez DF, Mercer RA, Merill L, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mino Y, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohanty SD, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreau J, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morgia A, Morioka T, Mors K, Mosca S, Moscatelli V, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Nash T, Nawrodt R, Nelson J, Neri I, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin GH, Oldenburg RG, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Page A, Pagliaroli G, Palladino L, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Pardi S, Pareja M, Parisi M, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel P, Pathak D, Pedraza M, Pekowsky L, Penn S, Peralta C, Perreca A, Persichetti G, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pietka M, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Poggiani R, Postiglione F, Prato M, Predoi V, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radke T, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rakhmanov M, Rankins B, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Roberts P, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Röver C, Rolland L, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romano R, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sakosky M, Salemi F, Sammut L, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaría L, Santostasi G, Saraf S, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Satterthwaite M, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Singer A, Sintes AM, Skelton G, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Speirits FC, Sperandio L, Stein AJ, Stein LC, Steinlechner S, Steplewski S, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strigin S, Stroeer AS, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sung M, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Szokoly GP, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor JR, Taylor R, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Thüring A, Titsler C, Tokmakov KV, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres C, Torrie CI, Tournefier E, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trias M, Trummer J, Tseng K, Turner L, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vaishnav B, Vajente G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vavoulidis M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Veltkamp C, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Villar AE, Vinet JY, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Wei P, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White D, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams L, Willke B, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yu P, Yvert M, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Directional limits on persistent gravitational waves using LIGO S5 science data. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:271102. [PMID: 22243300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.271102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gravitational-wave (GW) sky may include nearby pointlike sources as well as stochastic backgrounds. We perform two directional searches for persistent GWs using data from the LIGO S5 science run: one optimized for pointlike sources and one for arbitrary extended sources. Finding no evidence to support the detection of GWs, we present 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper-limit maps of GW strain power with typical values between 2-20×10(-50) strain(2) Hz(-1) and 5-35×10(-49) strain(2) Hz(-1) sr(-1) for pointlike and extended sources, respectively. The latter result is the first of its kind. We also set 90% C.L. limits on the narrow-band root-mean-square GW strain from interesting targets including Sco X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic center as low as ≈7×10(-25) in the most sensitive frequency range near 160 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abadie
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:111102. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.80.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.79.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.77.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bastarrika M, Bayer K, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks A, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Cao J, Cardenas L, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Dalrymple J, Danzmann K, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Degree M, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dupuis RJ, Dwyer JG, Echols C, Effler A, Ehrens P, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Fotopoulos N, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke T, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli J, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin L, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry G, Harstad E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Hennessy M, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, Kim C, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu RK, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Lam PK, Landry M, Lang MM, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leindecker N, Leonhardt V, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Lin H, Lindquist P, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin I, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Meier T, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray P, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perreca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rodriguez A, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Route R, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Samidi M, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strom DM, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ulmen J, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys M, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward R, Weinert M, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Barthelmy S, Gehrels N, Hurley KC, Palmer D. Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:211102. [PMID: 19113401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10;{45} and 9x10;{52} erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Diez M, Diaz A, Bleda MJ, Aldamiz M, Camafort M, Camino X, Cepeda C, Costa A, Ferrero O, Geijo P, Iribarren JA, Moreno S, Moreno ME, Labarga P, Pinilla J, Portu J, Pulido F, Rosa C, Santamaria JM, Telenti M, Trapiella L, Trastoy M, Viciana P. Prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease among HIV-infected people in Spain. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:1196-1202. [PMID: 17958981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTBI) and past/current tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons in Spain. DESIGN Longitudinal study conducted between 2000 and 2003 at 10 HIV hospital-based clinics. Data were drawn from clinical records. Associations were measured using odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Of the 1242 persons who met the eligibility criteria, most were male (75%), aged <40 years (75%) and unemployed (40%). HIV infection occurred through intravenous drug use (53%), heterosexual sex (29%) and sex between men (16%). In the initial evaluation, 315 subjects had evidence of MTBI: 84 (6.8%) had a history of TB, 23 (1.8%) current TB and 208 (16.8%) latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). MTBI was associated with male sex, age 30-49 years, contact with a TB case, homelessness, poor education, and negatively with CD4 <100 cells/mm(3). Among subjects with MTBI, past/current TB was associated with retirement/disability (OR 6, 95%CI 1.6-22.5), CD4 <200 cells/mm(3) (OR 9.7, 95%CI 3.8-24.6), viral load >55,000 copies (OR 5.3, 95%CI 1.4-20.0), and negatively, with skilled work (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.1-1.0) or administrative/managerial/professional work (OR 0.05, 95%CI 0.01-0.4). CONCLUSION Social context has an impact on the effectiveness of HIV and TB control programmes even in industrialised countries with free access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad de Epidemiología del VIH/Sida, Madrid, Spain.
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Chandra PS, Salamon N, Nguyen ST, Chang JW, Huynh MN, Cepeda C, Leite JP, Neder L, Koh S, Vinters HV, Mathern GW. Infantile spasm-associated microencephaly in tuberous sclerosis complex and cortical dysplasia. Neurology 2007; 68:438-45. [PMID: 17283320 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252952.62543.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In children with and without infantile spasms, this study determined brain volumes and cell densities in epilepsy surgery patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and cortical dysplasia with balloon cells (CD). METHODS We compared TSC (n = 18) and CD (n = 17) patients with normal/autopsy controls (n = 20) for MRI gray and white matter volumes and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) cell densities. RESULTS In patients without a history of infantile spasms, TSC cases showed decreased gray and white matter volumes (-16%). In cases with a history of infantile spasms, both CD (-25%) and TSC (-35%) patients showed microencephaly. This was confirmed in monozygotic twins with TSC, where the twin with a history of spasms had cerebral volumes less (-16%) than the twin without a history of seizures. Regardless of seizure history, TSC patients showed decreased NeuN cell densities in lower gray matter (-36%), whereas CD patients had increased densities in upper cortical (+52%) and white matter regions (+65%). For TSC patients, decreased lower gray matter NeuN densities correlated with reduced MRI volumes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with tuberous sclerosis without spasms showed microencephaly associated with decreased cortical neuronal densities. In contrast, cortical dysplasia patients without spasms were normocephalic with increased cell densities. This supports the concept that tuberous sclerosis and cortical dysplasia have different pathogenetic mechanisms despite similarities in refractory epilepsy and postnatal histopathology. Furthermore, a history of infantile spasms was associated with reduced cerebral volumes in both cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis patients, suggesting that spasms or their treatment may contribute to microencephaly independent of etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Chandra
- Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cepeda C, André VM, Flores-Hernández J, Nguyen OK, Wu N, Klapstein GJ, Nguyen S, Koh S, Vinters HV, Levine MS, Mathern GW. Pediatric Cortical Dysplasia: Correlations between Neuroimaging, Electrophysiology and Location of Cytomegalic Neurons and Balloon Cells and Glutamate/GABA Synaptic Circuits. Dev Neurosci 2005; 27:59-76. [PMID: 15886485 DOI: 10.1159/000084533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in cortical dysplasia (CD) could be from cytomegalic neurons and balloon cells acting as epileptic 'pacemakers', or abnormal neurotransmission. This study examined these hypotheses using in vitro electrophysiological techniques to determine intrinsic membrane properties and spontaneous glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic activity for normal-pyramidal neurons, cytomegalic neurons and balloon cells from 67 neocortical sites originating from 43 CD patients (ages 0.2-14 years). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (18)fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and electrocorticography graded cortical sample sites from least to worst CD abnormality. Results found that cytomegalic neurons and balloon cells were observed more frequently in areas of severe CD compared with mild or normal CD regions as assessed by FDG-PET/MRI. Cytomegalic neurons (but not balloon cells) correlated with the worst electrocorticography scores. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that cytomegalic and normal-pyramidal neurons displayed similar firing properties without intrinsic bursting. By contrast, balloon cells were electrically silent. Normal-pyramidal and cytomegalic neurons displayed decreased spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic activity in areas of severe FDG-PET/MRI abnormalities compared with normal regions, while GABAergic activity was unaltered. In CD, these findings indicate that cytomegalic neurons (but not balloon cells) might contribute to epileptogenesis, but are not likely to be 'pacemaker' cells capable of spontaneous paroxysmal depolarizations. Furthermore, there was more GABA relative to glutamate synaptic neurotransmission in areas of severe CD. Thus, in CD tissue alternate mechanisms of epileptogenesis should be considered, and we suggest that GABAergic synaptic circuits interacting with cytomegalic and normal-pyramidal neurons with immature receptor properties might contribute to seizure generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lobo MK, Itri JN, Cepeda C, Chavira CA, Levine MS. Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Expression and Dopaminergic Modulation in the Developing Subthalamic Nucleus of the Rat: An Immunohistochemical and Electrophysiological Analysis. Dev Neurosci 2004; 25:384-93. [PMID: 14966379 DOI: 10.1159/000075664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using standard immunohistochemical procedures, we investigated the changes in the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits, GluRl, GluR5/6/7, and NMDAR1, in the subthalamic nucleus of developing rats. The general sequence of development for each subunit was the same. At early postnatal ages, there was dense neuropil staining and cellular clustering which progressed to decreased neuropil staining and an even distribution of conspicuous cells in the later postnatal ages and in the adult. GluR5/6/7 displayed the earliest maturation, while GluR1 exhibited the slowest maturation. These morphological changes suggest a different time course for the functionality of GluR subtypes in the developing subthalamic nucleus. Correlative electrophysiological studies demonstrated functional GluRs as early as 16 days of age. All neurons tested displayed robust responses to kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate, and these responses were modulated by dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lobo
- Mental Retardation Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. 90095, USA
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21
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Liu JC, DeFazio RA, Espinosa-Jeffrey A, Cepeda C, de Vellis J, Levine MS. Calcium modulates dopamine potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartate Responses: Electrophysiological and imaging evidence. J Neurosci Res 2004; 76:315-22. [PMID: 15079860 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the striatum, dopamine (DA) exerts a major modulatory influence on voltage- and ligand-gated currents. Previously we have shown that DA modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission and that the direction of this modulation depends on, among other factors, the glutamate and DA receptor subtypes activated. These effects also involve DA-induced alterations in voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents. In the present experiments, the effects of Ca(2+) channel blockers on DA and D1 receptor-dependent potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses were examined in vitro in striatal slices using current clamp recording techniques. DA or D1 receptor agonists consistently enhanced NMDA responses. Cadmium and the more selective L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonists nifedipine and methoxyverapamil reduced the potentiation of NMDA responses by DA or D1 receptor activation. Furthermore, studies using Ca(2+) imaging with Fluo-3 in cultured cortical or dissociated striatal neurons demonstrated that DA and D1 agonists increased intracellular Ca(2+) transients induced by NMDA. These as well as previous findings indicate that in striatal neurons at least two mechanisms contribute to the enhancement of NMDA responses by DA receptor activation, facilitation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents and D1 receptor activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A cascade. The existence of multiple mechanisms leading to a similar outcome allows a certain degree of redundancy in the consequences of DA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Liu
- Mental Retardation Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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22
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Abstract
A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for the detection of Flexibacter maritimus from fish tissue. The total procedure for the diagnosis of marine flexibacteriosis, from the point of DNA extraction to the electrophoretic analysis, can be performed in < 4 h. This was achieved by the combination of a short thermal cycling programme with a rapid DNA extraction procedure. The assay was extremely sensitive, capable of detecting as few as 75 cfu mg(-1) fish tissue. The accuracy of the nested PCR was confirmed under field conditions using tissue samples recovered during 1993-2002 from fish suffering marine flexibacteriosis. The nested PCR method proved to be efficient for the rapid and sensitive detection of F. maritimus from fish tissues and can be used for routine diagnosis of the disease caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biologá, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hurst RS, Cepeda C, Shumate LW, Levine MS. Delayed postnatal development of NMDA receptor function in medium-sized neurons of the rat striatum. Dev Neurosci 2002; 23:122-34. [PMID: 11509835 DOI: 10.1159/000048704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During early postnatal development, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor plays a dominant role in excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic transmission in essentially every brain region that has been examined. In contrast, we have found that in the rat striatum, NMDA receptor-mediated current develops later in the medium-sized neurons (MSNs) than currents mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors. MSNs were identified using infrared video microscopy, and voltage-clamped in a slice preparation using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Intrastriatal stimulation was used to evoke excitatory synaptic currents from slices in animals ranging in age from postnatal day (PND) 5 to 60. Though most cells from animals younger than PND 10 failed to respond to synaptic stimulation, postsynaptic responses were occasionally evoked in cells as young as PND 5. Synaptic currents from cells between PNDs 5 and 7 had a significant contribution due to activation of non- NMDA receptors, as evidenced by sensitivity to the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and rapidly rising and falling response components. The relative contribution of NMDA receptors increased approximately twofold from the first to the third postnatal week; no further change was observed through PND 60. At the same ages that the NMDA receptors contributed maximally to the synaptic current, the decay time constant of the NMDA receptor-mediated current decreased significantly. The increasing weight of NMDA receptor-mediated current may reflect a change in the number of functional receptors at the synapse since there was no apparent change in the voltage dependence of the current. To more completely examine receptor function early in postnatal development, NMDA and kainate were applied either iontophoretically or in the bath. Iontophoretic application of NMDA onto cells obtained from rats between PNDs 3 and 5 only occasionally evoked current, provided that the membrane was held at depolarized potentials to remove the Mg(2+) block. In contrast, application of kainate consistently evoked a response from cells of the same age group. Bath application of the same agonists provided similar results. Taken together, the present experiments demonstrate that striatal non-NMDA receptor-mediated currents are more mature than NMDA receptor-mediated currents early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Hurst
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. 90095-1759, USA
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24
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Klapstein GJ, Fisher RS, Zanjani H, Cepeda C, Jokel ES, Chesselet MF, Levine MS. Electrophysiological and morphological changes in striatal spiny neurons in R6/2 Huntington's disease transgenic mice. J Neurophysiol 2001; 86:2667-77. [PMID: 11731527 DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined passive and active membrane properties and synaptic responses of medium-sized spiny striatal neurons in brain slices from presymptomatic (approximately 40 days of age) and symptomatic (approximately 90 days of age) R6/2 transgenics, a mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD) and their age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. This transgenic expresses exon 1 of the human HD gene with approximately 150 CAG repeats and displays a progressive behavioral phenotype associated with numerous neuronal alterations. Intracellular recordings were obtained using standard techniques from R6/2 and age-matched WT mice. Few electrophysiological changes occurred in striatal neurons from presymptomatic R6/2 mice. The changes in this age group were increased neuronal input resistance and lower stimulus intensity to evoke action potentials (rheobase). Symptomatic R6/2 mice exhibited numerous electrophysiological alterations, including depolarized resting membrane potentials, increased input resistances, decreased membrane time constants, and alterations in action potentials. Increased stimulus intensities were required to evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in neurons from symptomatic R6/2 transgenics. These EPSPs had slower rise times and did not decay back to baseline by 45 ms, suggesting a more prominent component mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neurons from both pre- and symptomatic R6/2 mice exhibited reduced paired-pulse facilitation. Data from biocytin-filled or Golgi-impregnated neurons demonstrated decreased dendritic spine densities, smaller diameters of dendritic shafts, and smaller dendritic fields in symptomatic R6/2 mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that passive and active membrane and synaptic properties of medium-sized spiny neurons are altered in the R6/2 transgenic. These physiological and morphological alterations will affect communication in the basal ganglia circuitry. Furthermore, they suggest areas to target for pharmacotherapies to alleviate and reduce the symptoms of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Klapstein
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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25
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Laforet GA, Sapp E, Chase K, McIntyre C, Boyce FM, Campbell M, Cadigan BA, Warzecki L, Tagle DA, Reddy PH, Cepeda C, Calvert CR, Jokel ES, Klapstein GJ, Ariano MA, Levine MS, DiFiglia M, Aronin N. Changes in cortical and striatal neurons predict behavioral and electrophysiological abnormalities in a transgenic murine model of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci 2001; 21:9112-23. [PMID: 11717344 PMCID: PMC6763893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2001] [Revised: 09/12/2001] [Accepted: 09/12/2001] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in Huntington's disease exhibit selective morphological and subcellular alterations in the striatum and cortex. The link between these neuronal changes and behavioral abnormalities is unclear. We investigated relationships between essential neuronal changes that predict motor impairment and possible involvement of the corticostriatal pathway in developing behavioral phenotypes. We therefore generated heterozygote mice expressing the N-terminal one-third of huntingtin with normal (CT18) or expanded (HD46, HD100) glutamine repeats. The HD mice exhibited motor deficits between 3 and 10 months. The age of onset depended on an expanded polyglutamine length; phenotype severity correlated with increasing age. Neuronal changes in the striatum (nuclear inclusions) preceded the onset of phenotype, whereas cortical changes, especially the accumulation of huntingtin in the nucleus and cytoplasm and the appearance of dysmorphic dendrites, predicted the onset and severity of behavioral deficits. Striatal neurons in the HD mice displayed altered responses to cortical stimulation and to activation by the excitotoxic agent NMDA. Application of NMDA increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in HD100 neurons compared with wild-type neurons. Results suggest that motor deficits in Huntington's disease arise from cumulative morphological and physiological changes in neurons that impair corticostriatal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Laforet
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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Cepeda C, Ariano MA, Calvert CR, Flores-Hernández J, Chandler SH, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR, Levine MS. NMDA receptor function in mouse models of Huntington disease. J Neurosci Res 2001; 66:525-39. [PMID: 11746372 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which degeneration of medium-sized spiny striatal neurons occurs. The HD gene and the protein it encodes, huntingtin, have been identified but their functions remain unknown. Transgenic mouse models for HD have been developed and we examined responses of medium-sized striatal neurons recorded in vitro to application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in two of these. The first model (R6/2) expresses exon 1 of the human HD gene with approximately 150 CAG repeats. In the R6/2 an enhancement of currents induced by selective activation of NMDA receptors as well as an enhancement of intracellular Ca(2+) flux occurred in both presymptomatic and symptomatic mice. These alterations appeared specific for the NMDA receptor because alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated currents were reduced in symptomatic R6/2s. In R6/2 animals there were parallel increases in NMDA-R1 and decreases in NMDA-R2A/B subunit proteins as established by immunohistochemistry. The second model (YAC72) contains human genomic DNA spanning the full-length gene and all its regulatory elements with 72 CAG repeats. The phenotypical expression of the disorder develops more gradually than in the R6/2. In YAC72 mice we found similar but less marked increases in responses of medium-sized striatal neurons to NMDA. These findings indicate that alterations in NMDA receptor function may predispose striatal neurons to excitotoxic damage, leading to subsequent neuronal degeneration and underscore the functional importance of NMDA receptors in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Cepeda C, Itri JN, Flores-Hernández J, Hurst RS, Calvert CR, Levine MS. Differential sensitivity of medium- and large-sized striatal neurons to NMDA but not kainate receptor activation in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:1577-89. [PMID: 11860453 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infrared videomicroscopy and differential interference contrast optics were used to identify medium- and large-sized neurons in striatal slices from young rats. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained to compare membrane currents evoked by application of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and kainate. Inward currents and current densities induced by NMDA were significantly smaller in large- than in medium-sized striatal neurons. The negative slope conductance for NMDA currents was greater in medium- than in large-sized neurons and more depolarization was required to remove the Mg2+ blockade. In contrast, currents induced by kainate were significantly greater in large-sized neurons whilst current densities were approximately equal in both cell types. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents occurred frequently in medium-sized neurons but were relatively infrequent in large-sized neurons. Excitatory postsynaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation were smaller in large- than in medium-sized neurons. A final set of experiments assessed a functional consequence of the differential sensitivity of medium- and large-sized neurons to NMDA. Cell swelling was used to examine changes in somatic area in both neuronal types after prolonged application of NMDA or kainate. NMDA produced a time-dependent increase in somatic area in medium-sized neurons whilst it produced only minimal changes in large interneurons. In contrast, application of kainate produced significant swelling in both medium- and large-sized cells. We hypothesize that reduced sensitivity to NMDA may be due to variations in receptor subunit composition and/or the relative density of receptors in the two cell types. These findings help define the conditions that put neurons at risk for excitotoxic damage in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza NPI Room 58-258, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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28
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Rubinstein M, Cepeda C, Hurst RS, Flores-Hernandez J, Ariano MA, Falzone TL, Kozell LB, Meshul CK, Bunzow JR, Low MJ, Levine MS, Grandy DK. Dopamine D4 receptor-deficient mice display cortical hyperexcitability. J Neurosci 2001; 21:3756-63. [PMID: 11356863 PMCID: PMC6762699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D(4) receptor (D(4)R) is predominantly expressed in the frontal cortex (FC), a brain region that receives dense input from midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and is associated with cognitive and emotional processes. However, the physiological significance of this dopamine receptor subtype has been difficult to explore because of the slow development of D(4)R agonists and antagonists the selectivity and efficacy of which have been rigorously demonstrated in vivo. We have attempted to overcome this limitation by taking a multidimensional approach to the characterization of mice completely deficient in this receptor subtype. Electrophysiological current and voltage-clamp recordings were performed in cortical pyramidal neurons from wild-type and D(4)R-deficient mice. The frequency of spontaneous synaptic activity and the frequency and duration of paroxysmal discharges induced by epileptogenic agents were increased in mutant mice. Enhanced synaptic activity was also observed in brain slices of wild-type mice incubated in the presence of the selective D(4)R antagonist PNU-101387G. Consistent with greater electrophysiological activity, nerve terminal glutamate density associated with asymmetrical synaptic contacts within layer VI of the motor cortex was reduced in mutant neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that the D(4)R can function as an inhibitory modulator of glutamate activity in the FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubinstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenieria Genética y Biologia Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Cepeda C, Hurst RS, Altemus KL, Flores-Hernández J, Calvert CR, Jokel ES, Grandy DK, Low MJ, Rubinstein M, Ariano MA, Levine MS. Facilitated glutamatergic transmission in the striatum of D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice. J Neurophysiol 2001; 85:659-70. [PMID: 11160501 DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptors play an important role in the modulation of excitability and the responsiveness of neurons to activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the striatum. In the present study, we utilized mice with genetic deletion of D2 or D4 DA receptors and their wild-type (WT) controls to examine if the absence of either receptor subtype affects striatal excitatory synaptic activity. Immunocytochemical analysis verified the absence of D2 or D4 protein expression in the striatum of receptor-deficient mutant animals. Sharp electrode current- and whole cell patch voltage-clamp recordings were obtained from slices of receptor-deficient and WT mice. Basic membrane properties were similar in D2 and D4 receptor-deficient mutants and their respective WT controls. In current-clamp recordings in WT animals, very little low-amplitude spontaneous synaptic activity was observed. The frequency of these spontaneous events was increased slightly in D2 receptor-deficient mice. In addition, large-amplitude depolarizations were observed in a subset of neurons from only the D2 receptor-deficient mutants. Bath application of the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (100 microM) and bicuculline methiodide (10 microM, to block synaptic activity due to activation of GABA(A) receptors) markedly increased spontaneous synaptic activity in receptor-deficient mutants and WTs. Under these conditions, D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed significantly more excitatory synaptic activity than their WT controls, while there was no difference between D4 receptor-deficient mice and their controls. In voltage-clamp recordings, there was an increase in frequency of spontaneous glutamate receptor-mediated inward currents without a change in mean amplitude in D2 receptor-deficient mutants. In WT mice, activation of D2 family receptors with quinpirole decreased spontaneous excitatory events and conversely sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist, increased activity. In D2 receptor-deficient mice, sulpiride had very little net effect. Morphologically, a subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons from D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed decreased dendritic spines compared with cells from WT mice. These results provide evidence that D2 receptors play an important role in the regulation of glutamate receptor-mediated activity in the corticostriatal or thalamostriatal pathway. These receptors may function as gatekeepers of glutamate release or of its subsequent effects and thus may protect striatal neurons from excessive excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Cepeda C, Santos Y. Rapid and low-level toxic PCR-based method for routine identification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Int Microbiol 2000; 3:235-8. [PMID: 11334307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rapid, low-toxicity and simple method for the detection of the bacterial fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. The method, based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), combined the electrophoresis of PCR products in a vertical agarose gel and a modified methylene blue stain. DNA was amplified directly either from bacterial suspensions or from tissues experimentally infected with F. psychrophilum, using different non-toxic commercial DNA extraction kits. The protocol allowed to detect 15 to 150 cells of the pathogen in bacterial suspension, without prior DNA extraction, and 7500 to 75,000 cells in seeded spleen tissue and ovarian fluid using Dynabeads DNA DIRECT extraction system. This method, which has the advantage of not using hazardous products, is proposed as a fast tool for routine identification of F. psychrophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Mathern GW, Cepeda C, Hurst RS, Flores-Hernandez J, Mendoza D, Levine MS. Neurons recorded from pediatric epilepsy surgery patients with cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia 2000; 41 Suppl 6:S162-7. [PMID: 10999538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cortical dysplasia (CD) is a common pathological substrate in patients with early-onset childhood epilepsy. In CD tissue, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for cellular hyperexcitability. In this study, we report initial electrophysiological and morphological observations from normal and dysmorphic cells in pediatric CD patients. METHODS Neocortical "most" and "least" epileptogenic areas were sampled based on neuroimaging and electrocorticography from 15 CD patients (ages 0.3 to 14 years). Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings combined with infrared videomicroscopy sampled abnormal cells (cytomegalic neurons, cells with bifurcated dendrites, disoriented pyramidal cells, etc.) compared with normal-appearing neurons from the same patient. Cells were filled with biocytin, and adjacent tissue blocks were stained for neuronal and glial markers. RESULTS About 15% of the 161 recorded cells were abnormal in appearance. Abnormal cells showed electrophysiological irregularities ranging from intrinsic cellular hyperexcitability to hyposensitivity after application of ionotropic receptor agonists. Other findings included increased excitatory postsynaptic currents and alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid reversal potentials. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric CD tissue, these preliminary results indicate that abnormal-appearing cells showed abnormalities in electrophysiological measures compared with normal-appearing neurons. The abnormalities varied from hyperexcitability to hypoexcitability. More detailed results and conclusions will be forthcoming as additional patient material is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Mathern
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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32
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Abstract
This review examines dopamine (DA) and glutamate receptor interactions in the neostriatum (NS) primarily from a neurophysiological perspective. Historically, a clear understanding of the function of DA in the NS has been difficult because it was considered a classical neurotransmitter with either excitatory or inhibitory actions and because many of the data were obtained by use of varying methodologies. When DA is considered a neuromodulator whose role is to alter how NS cells respond to glutamatergic inputs, many of its actions can be accounted for and predicted with great accuracy within a model of receptor subtype. In this model, DA via activation of D1 receptors potentiates responses mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. DA via activation of D2 receptors attenuates responses mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors. Outcomes of combinations of NMDA and D2 and non-NMDA and D1 receptors are not as predictable. The mechanisms underlying the D1-NMDA receptor interactions appear to involve alterations in cell excitability mediated by activation of Ca2+ conductances and/or phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. Less is known about mechanisms underlying the D2-non-NMDA receptor interaction. The functional implications of this model in setting membrane potentials, signal-to-noise ratio, plasticity and excitotoxicity are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Afferent Pathways/physiology
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/physiology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type
- Cerebral Cortex/physiology
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Dopamine/physiology
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Embryonic and Fetal Development/physiology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid/physiology
- Humans
- Ion Transport/drug effects
- Models, Neurological
- Neostriatum/physiology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Neurons/classification
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Dopamine/classification
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Glutamate/classification
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/physiology
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Substantia Nigra/physiology
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, 90024-1759, USA
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33
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Abstract
Three experimental approaches were used to examine the maturation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the neostriatum and compare their developmental profile to that of the non-NMDA receptors [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA)]. The first, and least conventional approach utilized infrared videomicroscopy to measure NMDA-induced swelling in single cells in a brain slice. The results demonstrated that NMDA receptors display an incremental pattern of postnatal development with no responses at postnatal day (PND) 3, weak responses at PND 7, the largest responses by PND 14 and slight decreases at PNDs 21 and 28. At PNDs 3 and 7, KA-induced cell swelling was proportionately greater than NMDA-induced cell swelling suggesting earlier maturation of this non-NMDA receptor subtype. The second approach used whole-cell patch clamp analysis to examine NMDA currents and compare their maturation to AMPA/KA-induced currents. Though the data are still preliminary, a very similar developmental pattern emerged. NMDA-induced currents were small and developed slowly after PND 7. In contrast, AMPA/KA-induced currents were larger and appeared to develop earlier. Finally, dizocilpine (MK-801) binding was measured in homogenates of neostriatal tissue. The ontogeny of binding resembled a step function with increases between PNDs 3 and 7 and PNDs 14 and 21. Binding peaked at PND 28 and then declined slightly in the adult (PND 60). The affinity of MK-801 for the receptor did not change during postnatal development. These findings demonstrate the pattern of functional development of glutamate receptors in the neostriatum. The NMDA receptor subtype displays minimal functional development until PND 14. In contrast, neostriatal AMPA/KA receptor function appears to precede NMDA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Colwell
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA.
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34
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Sabatino M, Cromwell HC, Cepeda C, Levine MS, La Grutta V. Acetylcholine receptor activation enhances NMDA-mediated responses in the rat neostriatum. Neurophysiol Clin 1999; 29:482-9. [PMID: 10674223 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(99)00052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of acetylcholine (ACh) upon N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation of neostriatal neurons is unknown. In the present study, we used both in vitro intracellular and in vivo electroencephalographic recordings in rats to examine this question. In vitro, iontophoretic application of carbachol, a cholinergic receptor agonist, significantly increased the NMDA-mediated response of neostriatal projection neurons. Carbachol alone had mild excitatory effects. In vivo, intrastriatal NMDA produced focal epileptiform activity restricted to the neostriatum. NMDA applied in conjunction with carbachol produced significantly greater epileptiform activity which propagated to the neocortex. These results suggest that ACh and NMDA receptor co-activation leads to potentiation of the neuronal responses both at the site of the interaction and at the endpoint of the cortico-striato-cortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabatino
- Institute of Human Physiology, Palermo University, Italy
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35
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Levine MS, Klapstein GJ, Koppel A, Gruen E, Cepeda C, Vargas ME, Jokel ES, Carpenter EM, Zanjani H, Hurst RS, Efstratiadis A, Zeitlin S, Chesselet MF. Enhanced sensitivity to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in transgenic and knockin mouse models of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 1999; 58:515-32. [PMID: 10533044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We used two mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD) to examine changes in glutamate receptor sensitivity and striatal electrophysiology. One model, a transgenic, consisted of mice expressing exon 1 of the human HD gene and carrying 141-157 CAG repeat sequences (R6/2 line). The second model, a CAG repeat "knockin," consisted of mice with different lengths of CAG repeats (CAG71 and CAG94 repeats). The effects of glutamate receptor activation were examined by visualizing neurons in brain slices with infrared videomicroscopy and differential interference contrast optics to determine changes in somatic area (cell swelling). Striatal and cortical neurons in both models (R6/2 and CAG94) displayed more rapid and increased swelling to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) than those in controls. This effect was specific as there were no consistent group differences after exposure to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) or kainate (KA). Intracellular recordings revealed that resting membrane potentials (RMPs) in the R6/2 transgenics were significantly more depolarized than those in their respective controls. RMPs in CAG94 mice also were more depolarized than those in CAG71 mice or their controls in a subset of striatal neurons. Confirming previous results, R6/2 mice expressed behavioral abnormalities and nuclear inclusions. However, CAG71 and CAG94 knockins did not, suggesting that increased sensitivity to NMDA may occur early in the disease process. These findings imply that NMDA antagonists or compounds that alter sensitivity of NMDA receptors may be useful in the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Levine
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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Cepeda C, Li Z, Cromwell HC, Altemus KL, Crawford CA, Nansen EA, Ariano MA, Sibley DR, Peacock WJ, Mathern GW, Levine MS. Electrophysiological and morphological analyses of cortical neurons obtained from children with catastrophic epilepsy: dopamine receptor modulation of glutamatergic responses. Dev Neurosci 1999; 21:223-35. [PMID: 10575246 DOI: 10.1159/000017402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the electrophysiological effects produced by activation of specific dopamine (DA) receptors and the distribution of DA receptor subtypes and glutamate receptor subunits [N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR1) and GluR1] in cortical tissue samples obtained from children (ages 3 months to 16 years) undergoing epilepsy surgery. DA receptor activation produced differential effects depending on the receptor subtype that was activated. D1 receptor family agonists generally enhanced cortical excitability and favored the emergence of epileptogenic activity. In contrast, D2 receptor family agonists had more variable effects on cortical excitability and the expression of epileptiform discharges. Activation of D1 or D2 receptors decreased the amplitude of non-NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials. In contrast, DA and D1 agonists increased the amplitude of NMDA-mediated potentials. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the DA receptor subtypes and glutamate receptor subunits examined were present in all cortical layers and areas throughout development. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons visualized with differential interference contrast optics and infrared videomicroscopy indicated that these neurons displayed a persistent Na(+) current, followed by an outward current. DA reduced the outward current but had little effect on the persistent Na(+) current. These results suggest a dual role for DA's actions in the human cerebral cortex. Activation of D2 receptors or antagonism of D1 receptors may help control seizures in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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37
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Abstract
Cell swelling induced by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors is presumably the first step in a toxic cascade that may ultimately lead to cell death. Previously we showed that bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainate (KA) produces swelling of neostriatal cells. The present experiments examined modulation of NMDA and KA-induced cell swelling by dopamine (DA) and its receptor agonists. Nomarski optics and infra-red videomicroscopy were utilized to visualize neostriatal medium-sized neurons in thick slices from rat pups (12-18 postnatal days). Increase in somatic cross-sectional area served as the indicator of swelling induced by bath application of glutamate receptor agonists. NMDA induced cell swelling in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of DA receptors in the absence of NMDA did not produce swelling. DA and the D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393, increased the magnitude of swelling produced by NMDA. This effect was reduced in the presence of the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390. In contrast, activation of D2 receptors by quinpirole decreased the magnitude of NMDA-induced cell swelling. DA slightly attenuated cell swelling induced by activation of KA receptors. Quinpirole produced a significant concentration-dependent reduction in KA-induced swelling while SKF38393 increased KA-induced swelling, but only at a low concentration of KA. Together, these results provide additional support for the hypothesis that the direction of DA modulation depends on the glutamate receptor subtype, as well as the DA receptor subtype activated. One possible consequence of these observations is that endogenous DA may be an important contributing factor in the mechanisms of cell death in Huntington's disease.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Dopamine/physiology
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity
- In Vitro Techniques
- Kainic Acid/toxicity
- Microscopy, Video
- N-Methylaspartate/toxicity
- Neostriatum/cytology
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/physiology
- Quinpirole/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA
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38
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Cepeda C, Colwell CS, Itri JN, Chandler SH, Levine MS. Dopaminergic modulation of NMDA-induced whole cell currents in neostriatal neurons in slices: contribution of calcium conductances. J Neurophysiol 1998; 79:82-94. [PMID: 9425179 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiments were designed to examine dopamine (DA) modulation of whole cell currents mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in visualized neostriatal neurons in slices. First, we assessed the ability of DA, D1 and D2 receptor agonists to modulate membrane currents induced by activation of NMDA receptors. The results of these experiments demonstrated that DA potentiated NMDA-induced currents in medium-sized neostriatal neurons. Potentiation of NMDA currents occurred at three different holding potentials, although it was more pronounced at -30 mV. It was mediated by D1 receptors, because it was mimicked by D1 agonists and blocked by exposure to a D1 antagonist. Activation of D2 receptors produced inconsistent effects on NMDA-induced membrane currents. Either decreases, increases, or no effects on NMDA currents occurred. Second, we examined the contributions of intrinsic, voltage-dependent conductances to DA potentiation of NMDA currents. Blockade of K+ conductances did not prevent DA enhancement of NMDA currents. However, voltage-activated Ca2+ conductances provided a major contribution to DA modulation. The dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channel blockers, nifedipine, and methoxyverapamil (D-600), markedly reduced but did not totally eliminate the ability of DA to modulate NMDA currents. The D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 also enhanced Ba2+ currents in neostriatal neurons. Together, these findings provide evidence for a complex interplay between DA, NMDA receptor activation and dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ conductances in controlling responsiveness of neostriatal medium-sized neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1759, USA
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Levine
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA
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40
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Levine MS, Altemus KL, Cepeda C, Cromwell HC, Crawford C, Ariano MA, Drago J, Sibley DR, Westphal H. Modulatory actions of dopamine on NMDA receptor-mediated responses are reduced in D1A-deficient mutant mice. J Neurosci 1996; 16:5870-82. [PMID: 8795639 PMCID: PMC6578983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of D1 dopamine (DA) receptors in mediating the ability of DA to modulate responses attributable to activation of NMDA receptors was examined in mice lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Specifically, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the ability of DA to potentiate responses mediated by activation of NMDA receptors was attributable to activation of D1 receptors. Based on this hypothesis, we would predict that in the D1A mutant mouse, either DA would not induce enhancement of NMDA-mediated responses, or the enhancement would be severely attenuated. The results provided evidence to support the hypothesis. In mutant mice, DA and D1 receptor agonists did not potentiate responses mediated by activation of NMDA receptors. In contrast, in control mice, both DA and D1 receptor agonists markedly potentiated responses mediated by activation of NMDA receptors. The effects of DA in attenuating responses mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors also were altered in the mutant, suggesting that this action of DA may require coupling or interactions between D1 and D2 receptors. The present studies also provided an opportunity to assess some of the basic electrophysiological and morphological properties of neostriatal neurons in mice lacking D1A DA receptors. Resting membrane potential, action potential parameters, input resistance, excitability, somatic size, dendritic extent, and estimates of spine density in mutants and controls were similar, suggesting that these basic neurophysiological and structural properties have not been changed by the loss of the D1A DA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Levine
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA
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41
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Abstract
The present experiments were designed to further examine the hypothesis that receptor subtype determines the direction of dopamine's (DA) ability to modulate neostriatal neuronal responses. We have reported that DA potentiates responses mediated by activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but attenuates responses mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors in neocortex [Cepeda et al. (1992b) Synapse, 11:330-341] and neostriatum [Cepeda et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90:9576-9580]. In these studies, responses to excitatory amino acids (EAAs) were evoked by microphoretic application of agonists. The present studies examined whether this differential modulation also applies to components of synaptic responses evoked by electrical stimulation of neostriatal afferents and mediated by activation of specific subtypes of EAA receptors. Using brain slices, the actions of DA and its receptor specific agonists on components of neostriatal synaptic responses that were mediated either by NMDA or non-NMDA receptors were assessed. Responses mediated by NMDA receptors were potentiated by DA while those mediated by non-NMDA receptors were attenuated. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that the direction of modulatory action of DA is determined by the specific subtype of EAA receptor activated. In addition, the enhancement of NMDA receptor-mediated responses was mimicked by application of SKF 38393, a D1 receptor agonist. Quinpirole, a D2 receptor agonist, consistently attenuated responses mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors. Thus, the complex modulatory actions of DA are dependent upon combinations of co-activation of specific subtypes of EAA and DA receptors. These findings are of clinical relevance since the actions of DA and EAAs have been implicated in neurological and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Levine
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 90024-1759, USA
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42
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Abstract
Excitatory amino acids and dopamine interact to control information flow in the neostriatum. The present study was designed to examine some of the age-induced alterations in the interaction of these two neurotransmitter systems. First, responsiveness of neostriatal neurons to glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate was compared in neurons from young and in aged animals. N-Methyl-D-aspartate function was chosen for emphasis because declines in cognitive processes during aging are thought to involve changes in this excitatory amino acid receptor. Second, the age-related changes in dopamine's ability to modulate responses mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors was examined. Specifically, the ability of dopamine to differentially modulate responses induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate and glutamate was assessed. There is considerable evidence for alterations in dopamine receptors and behavioral responses to dopamine in aged animals. It thus becomes important to determine how these alterations are reflected at an electrophysiological level. The responses to application of excitatory amino acid agonists and dopamine as well as changes in synaptic responses mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors were assessed in 69 neurons obtained from young Fischer 344 rats (3-5 months) and young cats (3-4 years) and 69 neurons obtained from aged Fischer 344 rats (24-26 months) and aged cats (10-16 years) using an in vitro slice preparation. The results indicated that populations of aged neurons from both rats and cats displayed qualitative and quantitative alterations in responses to iontophoretic application of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists. These alterations included lack of response, unusual responses consisting of depolarizations without action potentials or combinations of prepotentials and full amplitude action potentials. Threshold currents for induction of responses were also significantly elevated in neurons from aged animals. Synaptic response components mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in aged rats were reduced as well. Exposure to Mg(2+)-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid resulted in marked increases in the size of responses evoked by local stimulation in young neurons from rats. These increases, which are mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, were significantly attenuated in aged neurons. The ability of dopamine to modulate responses mediated by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors was reduced in cells from both aged rats and cats. Subpopulations of cells were either unresponsive to dopamine or required higher iontophoretic current intensities to modulate excitatory amino acid-induced responses. The present findings further document age-induced changes in neostriatal electrophysiology indicating that interactions between excitatory amino acids and dopamine appear to be compromised during aging. They emphasize alterations in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and suggest further than the ability of neostriatal neurons to integrate information is altered during aging. The present findings are supported by data from the literature indicating decreases in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function during aging. Furthermore, the decreases in excitatory amino acid function during aging suggest that therapeutic interventions designed to prevent or retard the deleterious effects of age in the neostriatum might be directed toward enhancing excitatory amino acid receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles 90024, USA
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43
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Colwell CS, Altemus KL, Cepeda C, Levine MS. Regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced toxicity in the neostriatum: a role for metabotropic glutamate receptors? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:1200-4. [PMID: 8577740 PMCID: PMC40056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.3.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate release activates multiple receptors that interact with each other and thus determine the response of the cell. Exploring these interactions is critical to developing an understanding of the functional consequences of synaptic transmission. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked responses measured electrophysiologically in neostriatal slices. The present study examines the functional consequences of this regulation using infrared differential interference contrast videomicroscopy to measure and characterize glutamate receptor-induced cell swelling in a neostriatal brain slice preparation. This swelling is, in many cases, a prelude to necrotic cell death and the dye trypan blue was used to confirm that swelling can result in the death of neostriatal cells. Activation of mGluRs by the agonist 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (tACPD) inhibited NMDA but not amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate-induced swelling. This regulation was cell-type specific as tACPD did not alter NMDA-induced swelling in pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. Importantly, these findings could be extended to in vivo preparations. Pretreatment with tACPD limited the size of lesions and associated behavioral deficits induced by intrastriatal administration of the NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Colwell
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA
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44
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Cepeda C, Chandler SH, Shumate LW, Levine MS. Persistent Na+ conductance in medium-sized neostriatal neurons: characterization using infrared videomicroscopy and whole cell patch-clamp recordings. J Neurophysiol 1995; 74:1343-8. [PMID: 7500155 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In the present study we investigate the expression of a persistent Na+ conductance (INaP) in identified medium-sized neostriatal neurons. Nomarski optics and infrared videomicroscopy were used for cell visualization and identification in thick slices (350 microns). Current- and voltage-clamp recordings were obtained utilizing whole cell patch-clamp methodology. 2. Application of depolarizing ramp voltage commands from a holding potential of -70 mV induced a slow, noninactivating inward current that occurred before and independent of the rapidly inactivating sodium current that subserves action potential generation. INaP began to activate at potentials less negative than -70 mV and peaked at -34 +/- 1 (SE) mV. Its average peak amplitude was -100 +/- 17 pA. INaP was abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.5-1 microM) or an Na(+)-free solution. In contrast, it was not affected by Ca2+ channel blockers. Depolarizing ramp commands also induced tetraethylammonium-sensitive outward currents. 3. Dopamine (DA) (20-100 microM) produced a significant reduction of INaP. 4. These results demonstrate the existence of a TTX-sensitive persistent Na+ conductance in medium-sized neostriatal neurons. This conductance is modulated by DA and could play a role in the generation of rhythmic oscillations and in supporting repetitive firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA
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Radisavljevic Z, Cepeda C, Peacock W, Buchwald NA, Levine MS. Norepinephrine modulates excitatory amino acid-induced responses in developing human and adult rat cerebral cortex. Int J Dev Neurosci 1994; 12:353-61. [PMID: 7526607 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(94)90085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
These experiments were designed to assess the ability of norepinephrine and its beta-receptor agonist, isoproterenol, to modulate responses induced by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in brain slices obtained from developing human cortex or adult rat cortex. Human cortical slices were obtained from children undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy (9 months to 10 yr of age). For comparison, slices were also obtained from rats (2-3 months of age). Iontophoretic application of glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) produced excitatory responses consisting of membrane depolarizations accompanied by action potentials. Iontophoretic or bath application of norepinephrine or isoproterenol enhanced responses evoked by glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate. Depolarizations occurred with shorter latencies and their amplitudes increased. Action potential frequency was also increased and responses were of longer duration. In contrast, norepinephrine or isoproterenol had no effect on responses induced by AMPA. The enhancement of responses induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate or glutamate was antagonized by the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. Similar findings were obtained from neurons in humans or rats. These results suggest that norepinephrine, possibly via beta-receptors, potentiates responses mediated by glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors without affecting those mediated by AMPA receptors. These effects were observed at all ages studied, indicating that the ability of norepinephrine to modulate excitatory neuronal transmission is well developed in human cortex by 9 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Radisavljevic
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles 90024
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46
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Abstract
The susceptibility of turbot aquareovirus to five chemical agents was examined. Treatment with 5 mg of malachite green per liter or 500 mg of iodine per liter resulted in a 90% reduction in virus titer within 1 h. Complete inactivation within 5 min was obtained with 2% formalin, 42.5% isopropanol, or 15 mg of free available chlorine per liter. Lower concentrations of chlorine were ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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47
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Cepeda C, Walsh JP, Peacock W, Buchwald NA, Levine MS. Neurophysiological, pharmacological and morphological properties of human caudate neurons recorded in vitro. Neuroscience 1994; 59:89-103. [PMID: 8190275 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue samples from the caudate nucleus were obtained from eight children (eight to 172 months of age) who underwent hemispherectomies for the relief of intractable seizures. Neurophysiological, pharmacological and morphological properties of caudate neurons were characterized by intracellular recordings in an in vitro slice preparation. These properties were compared with those of tissue obtained from animal studies. Electrophysiological properties of human caudate neurons that were similar to those of cat caudate and rat neostriatal cells included resting membrane potential, input resistance, action potential rise time, fall time, duration and action potential afterhyperpolarization amplitude, as well as the general characteristics of locally evoked synaptic responses. Properties that were different included action potential amplitudes and time-constants. Human caudate neurons also displayed responses similar to those of cat caudate or rat neostriatal cells to manipulation of excitatory amino acid receptor systems and to dopamine application. Kynurenic acid, a broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, decreased the amplitude of evoked synaptic responses, indicating that they were partially mediated by excitatory amino acids. In Mg2+ free Ringer's solution, the amplitudes and durations of postsynaptic responses were increased and bursts of action potentials were induced. These effects were mediated by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors since they were blocked by 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, a specific N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist. Iontophoretic application of N-methyl-D-aspartate also induced membrane oscillations and bursts in almost all caudate neurons. Dopamine decreased the amplitude of postsynaptic responses, an effect antagonized by domperidone, a selective D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Developmentally, the greatest change was an increase in action potential amplitude, although input resistance decreased and action potential afterhyperpolarization amplitude increased. Postsynaptic responses were similar across age. All but one of the caudate neurons identified by intracellular injection of biocytin or Lucifer Yellow were medium-sized spiny cells. These experiments show that human caudate neurons display a number of electrophysiological properties similar to rat neostriatal or cat caudate neurons recorded in brain slices. Furthermore, few electrophysiological parameters changed significantly over the age period examined suggesting that the human caudate at eight months displays many of the neuronal functions of the more mature caudate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90024
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48
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Abstract
We describe a patient with temporal lobe encephalitis associated with primary Coxiella burnetii infection who presented with CT and MRI findings suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis and an initial improvement during treatment with acyclovir. Q fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients whose manifestations suggest herpes encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sempere
- Department of Neurology, Segovia General Hospital, Spain
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49
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Cepeda C, Buchwald NA, Levine MS. Neuromodulatory actions of dopamine in the neostriatum are dependent upon the excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes activated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:9576-80. [PMID: 7692449 PMCID: PMC47612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian neostriatum, dopamine modulates neuronal responses mediated by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors. The direction of this modulation varies with the specific subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor activated. Responses evoked by iontophoretic application of glutamate (Glu) and the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonists quisqualate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid were significantly attenuated when dopamine was applied. In contrast, responses evoked by NMDA were markedly potentiated. The enhancement of NMDA-evoked excitations was mimicked by bath application of SKF 38393, a D1 receptor agonist. The D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 blocked the dopamine enhancement of NMDA-induced excitations. Quinpirole, a D2 receptor agonist, attenuated responses evoked by both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor agonists. These results indicate that the complex modulatory actions of dopamine in the neostriatum are a function of the excitatory amino acid receptor as well as the specific dopamine receptor subtype activated. These findings are of clinical relevance since the actions of dopamine and excitatory amino acids have been implicated in neurological and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759
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50
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Cepeda C, Walsh JP, Peacock W, Buchwald NA, Levine MS. Dye-coupling in human neocortical tissue resected from children with intractable epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 1993; 3:95-107. [PMID: 8490323 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/3.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interneuronal communication mediated by gap junctions has been proposed to have an important role in brain development and in the genesis of epilepsy. Indirect evidence for the existence and function of gap junctions has been obtained by studying dye-coupling, the transfer of the low-molecular-weight fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow (LY), among neurons. In the present study, the incidence of dye-coupling was assessed at different stages of human postnatal brain development. Pathological neocortical tissue was obtained from children from 3 to 172 months of age suffering from pediatric epilepsy and undergoing surgery to alleviate intractable seizures. Tissue samples were classified into least and most abnormal according to a number of diagnostic measures to ascertain if the incidence of dye-coupling could be related to the degree of epileptogenicity of the sample. Regardless of the degree of abnormality, a significant developmental decrease in the incidence of dye-coupling was observed. In children 3-16 months, dye-coupling occurred in 38% of single intracellular injections of LY. From 32 to 83 months, the frequency of dye-coupling decreased to 13%. Finally, from 93 to 172 months, dye-coupling was observed in only 4% of injections. The frequency of dye-coupling between the least and most abnormal samples was not significantly different, although the frequency of dye-coupling was higher in the least abnormal samples from the youngest group (3-16 months). These findings underscore the role of gap junctions during brain development. However, they do not provide support, at least in vitro, for the hypothesis that gap junctions have an important role underlying epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cepeda
- Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759
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