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Tetenborg S, Ariakia F, Martinez-Soler E, Shihabeddin E, Lazart IC, Miller AC, O’Brien J. Trafficking of Connexin36 (Cx36) in the early secretory pathway. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.25.586643. [PMID: 38585986 PMCID: PMC10996632 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Gap junctions formed by the major neuronal connexin Cx36 function as electrical synapses in the nervous system and provide unique functions such as synchronizing activities or network oscillations. Although the physiological significance of electrical synapses for neuronal networks is well established, little is known about the pathways that regulate the transport of its main component: Cx36. Here we have used HEK293T cells as an expression system in combination with siRNA and BioID screens to study the transition of Cx36 from the ER to the cis Golgi. Our data indicate that the C-terminal tip of Cx36 is a key factor in this process, mediating binding interactions with two distinct components in the early secretory pathway: the COPII complex and the Golgi stacking protein Grasp55. The C-terminal amino acid valine serves as an ER export signal to recruit COPII cargo receptors Sec24A/B/C at ER exit sites, whereas the PDZ binding motif "SAYV" mediates an interaction with Grasp55. These two interactions have opposing effects in their respective compartments. While Sec24 subunits carry Cx36 out of the ER, Grasp55 stabilizes Cx36 in the Golgi as shown in over expression experiments. These early regulatory steps of Cx36 are expected to be essential for the formation, function, regulation and plasticity of electrical synapses in the developing and mature nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ariakia
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Contributed equally
| | | | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Cebrian Lazart
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Adam C. Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - John O’Brien
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Shihabeddin E, Santhanam A, Aronowitz AL, O’Brien J. Cost-effective strategies to knock down genes of interest in the retinas of adult zebrafish. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1321337. [PMID: 38322239 PMCID: PMC10845135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1321337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
High throughput sequencing has generated an enormous amount of information about the genes expressed in various cell types and tissues throughout the body, and about how gene expression changes over time and in diseased conditions. This knowledge has made targeted gene knockdowns an important tool in screening and identifying the roles of genes that are differentially expressed among specific cells of interest. While many approaches are available and optimized in mammalian models, there are still several limitations in the zebrafish model. In this article, we describe two approaches to target specific genes in the retina for knockdown: cell-penetrating, translation-blocking Vivo-Morpholino oligonucleotides and commercially available lipid nanoparticle reagents to deliver siRNA. We targeted expression of the PCNA gene in the retina of a P23H rhodopsin transgenic zebrafish model, in which rapidly proliferating progenitor cells replace degenerated rod photoreceptors. Retinas collected 48 h after intravitreal injections in adult zebrafish reveal that both Vivo-Morpholinos and lipid encapsulated siRNAs were able to successfully knock down expression of PCNA. However, only retinas injected with Vivo-Morpholinos showed a significant decrease in the formation of P23H rhodopsin-expressing rods, a downstream effect of PCNA inhibition. Surprisingly, Vivo-Morpholinos were able to exit the injected eye and enter the contralateral non-injected eye to inhibit PCNA expression. In this article we describe the techniques, concentrations, and considerations we found necessary to successfully target and inhibit genes through Vivo-Morpholinos and lipid encapsulated siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Shihabeddin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abirami Santhanam
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexandra L. Aronowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
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Fitzpatrick N, Herczeg S, Hong K, Seaver F, Rosalejos L, Boles U, Jauvert G, Keelan E, O’Brien J, Tahin T, Galvin J, Széplaki G. Long-term results of ablation index guided atrial fibrillation ablation: insights after 5+ years of follow-up from the MPH AF Ablation Registry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1332868. [PMID: 38292455 PMCID: PMC10825003 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1332868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Catheter ablation (CA) for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) offers the best outcomes for patients. Despite the benefits of CA, a significant proportion of patients suffer a recurrence; hence, there is scope to potentially improve outcomes through technical innovations such as ablation index (AI) guidance during AF ablation. We present real-world 5-year follow-up data of AI-guided pulmonary vein isolation. Methods We retrospectively followed 123 consecutive patients who underwent AI-guided CA shortly after its introduction to routine practice. Data were collected from the MPH AF Ablation Registry with the approval of the institutional research board. Results Our patient cohort was older, with higher BMI, greater CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and larger left atrial sizes compared to similar previously published cohorts, while gender balance and other characteristics were similar. The probability of freedom from atrial arrhythmia with repeat procedures is as follows: year 1: 0.95, year 2: 0.92, year 3: 0.85, year 4: 0.79, and year 5: 0.72. Age >75 years (p = 0.02, HR: 2.7, CI: 1.14-6.7), BMI >35 kg/m2 (p = 0.0009, HR: 4.6, CI: 1.8-11.4), and left atrial width as measured on CT in the upper quartile (p = 0.04, HR: 2.5, CI: 1-5.7) were statistically significant independent predictors of recurrent AF. Conclusion AI-guided CA is an effective treatment for AF, with 95.8% of patients remaining free from atrial arrhythmia at 1 year and 72.3% at 5 years, allowing for repeat procedures. It is safe with a low major complication rate of 1.25%. Age >75 years, BMI >35 kg/m2, and markedly enlarged atria were associated with higher recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Fitzpatrick
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S. Herczeg
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Centre of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K. Hong
- Health Sciences Centre, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F. Seaver
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L. Rosalejos
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - U. Boles
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G. Jauvert
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E. Keelan
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J. O’Brien
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T. Tahin
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J. Galvin
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Health Sciences Centre, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G. Széplaki
- Atrial Fibrillation Institute, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Huang W, Zeng J, Jia L, Zhu D, O’Brien J, Ritchie C, Shu N, Su L. Genetic risks of Alzheimer's by APOE and MAPT on cortical morphology in young healthy adults. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad234. [PMID: 37693814 PMCID: PMC10489122 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors such as APOE ε4 and MAPT (rs242557) A allele are associated with amyloid and tau pathways and grey matter changes at both early and established stages of Alzheimer's disease, but their effects on cortical morphology in young healthy adults remain unclear. A total of 144 participants aged from 18 to 24 underwent 3T MRI and genotyping for APOE and MAPT to investigate unique impacts of these genetic risk factors in a cohort without significant comorbid conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We segmented the cerebral cortex into 68 regions and calculated the cortical area, thickness, curvature and folding index for each region. Then, we trained machine learning models to classify APOE and MAPT genotypes using these morphological features. In addition, we applied a growing hierarchical self-organizing maps algorithm, which clustered the 68 regions into 4 subgroups representing different morphological patterns. Then, we performed general linear model analyses to estimate the interaction between APOE and MAPT on cortical patterns. We found that the classifiers using all cortical features could accurately classify individuals carrying genetic risks of dementia outperforming each individual feature alone. APOE ε4 carriers had a more convoluted and thinner cortex across the cerebral cortex. A similar pattern was found in MAPT A allele carriers only in the regions that are vulnerable for early tau pathology. With the clustering analysis, we found a synergetic effect between APOE ε4 and MAPT A allele, i.e. carriers of both risk factors showed the most deviation of cortical pattern from the typical pattern of that cluster. Genetic risk factors of dementia by APOE ε4 and MAPT (rs242557) A allele were associated with variations of cortical morphology, which can be observed in young healthy adults more than 30 years before Alzheimer's pathology is likely to occur and 50 years before dementia symptoms may begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- Faculty of Psychology, Sino-Britain Centre for Cognition and Ageing Research, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dajiang Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh EH12 9DQ, UK
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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Farre AA, Sun C, Starostik MR, Hunter SS, English MA, Duncan A, Santhanam A, Shihabeddin E, O’Brien J, Swaroop A, Stenkamp DL. Long wavelength-sensing cones of zebrafish retina exhibit multiple layers of transcriptional heterogeneity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1214084. [PMID: 37519633 PMCID: PMC10382231 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1214084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding how photoreceptor genes are regulated is important for investigating retinal development and disease. While much is known about gene regulation in cones, the mechanism by which tandemly-replicated opsins, such as human long wavelength-sensitive and middle wavelength-sensitive opsins, are differentially regulated remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to further our understanding of transcriptional heterogeneity in cones that express tandemly-replicated opsins and the regulation of such differential expression using zebrafish, which express the tandemly-replicated opsins lws1 and lws2. Methods We performed bulk and single cell RNA-Seq of LWS1 and LWS2 cones, evaluated expression patterns of selected genes of interest using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, and used exogenous thyroid hormone (TH) treatments to test selected genes for potential control by thyroid hormone: a potent, endogenous regulator of lws1 and lws2 expression. Results Our studies indicate that additional transcriptional differences beyond opsin expression exist between LWS1 and LWS2 cones. Bulk RNA-Seq results showed 95 transcripts enriched in LWS1 cones and 186 transcripts enriched in LWS2 cones (FC > 2, FDR < 0.05). In situ hybridization results also reveal underlying heterogeneity within the lws1- and lws2-expressing populations. This heterogeneity is evident in cones of mature zebrafish, and further heterogeneity is revealed in transcriptional responses to TH treatments. Discussion We found some evidence of coordinate regulation of lws opsins and other genes by exogenous TH in LWS1 vs. LWS2 cones, as well as evidence of gene regulation not mediated by TH. The transcriptional differences between LWS1 and LWS2 cones are likely controlled by multiple signals, including TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Farre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Margaret R. Starostik
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S. Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Milton A. English
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Abirami Santhanam
- Department of Vision Science, University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Vision Science, University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah L. Stenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Srinivasan S, Butters E, Collins-Jones L, Su L, O’Brien J, Bale G. Illuminating neurodegeneration: a future perspective on near-infrared spectroscopy in dementia research. Neurophotonics 2023; 10:023514. [PMID: 36788803 PMCID: PMC9917719 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.2.023514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Dementia presents a global healthcare crisis, and neuroimaging is the main method for developing effective diagnoses and treatments. Yet currently, there is a lack of sensitive, portable, and low-cost neuroimaging tools. As dementia is associated with vascular and metabolic dysfunction, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has the potential to fill this gap. AIM This future perspective aims to briefly review the use of NIRS in dementia to date and identify the challenges involved in realizing the full impact of NIRS for dementia research, including device development, study design, and data analysis approaches. APPROACH We briefly appraised the current literature to assess the challenges, giving a critical analysis of the methods used. To assess the sensitivity of different NIRS device configurations to the brain with atrophy (as is common in most forms of dementia), we performed an optical modeling analysis to compare their cortical sensitivity. RESULTS The first NIRS dementia study was published in 1996, and the number of studies has increased over time. In general, these studies identified diminished hemodynamic responses in the frontal lobe and altered functional connectivity in dementia. Our analysis showed that traditional (low-density) NIRS arrays are sensitive to the brain with atrophy (although we see a mean decrease of 22% in the relative brain sensitivity with respect to the healthy brain), but there is a significant improvement (a factor of 50 sensitivity increase) with high-density arrays. CONCLUSIONS NIRS has a bright future in dementia research. Advances in technology - high-density devices and intelligent data analysis-will allow new, naturalistic task designs that may have more clinical relevance and increased reproducibility for longitudinal studies. The portable and low-cost nature of NIRS provides the potential for use in clinical and screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Srinivasan
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Butters
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Collins-Jones
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Su
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Sheffield, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John O’Brien
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Newton C, Pope M, Rua C, Henson R, Ji Z, Burgess N, Rodgers CT, Stangl M, Dounavi ME, Castegnaro A, Koychev I, Malhotra P, Wolbers T, Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, O’Brien J, Su L, Chan D. Path integration selectively predicts midlife risk of Alzheimer's disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.526473. [PMID: 36778428 PMCID: PMC9915680 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is the first cortical region to exhibit neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with EC grid cell dysfunction. Given the role of grid cells in path integration, we predicted that path integration impairment would represent the first behavioural change in adults at-risk of AD. Using immersive virtual reality, we found that midlife path integration impairments predicted both hereditary and physiological AD risk, with no corresponding impairment on tests of episodic memory or other spatial behaviours. Impairments related to poorer angular estimation and were associated with hexadirectional grid-like fMRI signal in the posterior-medial EC. These results indicate that altered path integration may represent the transition point from at-risk state to disease onset in AD, prior to impairment in other cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coco Newton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianna Pope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge, UK
| | - Catarina Rua
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Henson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
| | - Zilong Ji
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL; London, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL; London, UK
| | | | - Matthias Stangl
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California; Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University; Oxford, UK
| | - Paresh Malhotra
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London; London, UK
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences; Montpellier, France
| | - Craig W. Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis Chan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL; London, UK
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Kasivisvanathan V, Murphy D, Link E, Lawrentschuk N, O’Brien J, Buteau J, Roberts M, Francis R, Tang C, Vela I, Thomas P, Rutherford N, Martin J, Frydenberg M, Shakher R, Wong LM, Taubman K, Lee S, Hsiao E, Nottage M, Kirkwood I, Iravani A, Williams S, Hofman M. Baseline PSMA PET-CT is prognostic for treatment failure in men with intermediate-to-high risk prostate cancer: 54 months follow-up of the proPSMA randomised trial. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Roberts G, Kane JP, Lloyd J, Firbank M, Donaghy PC, Petrides GS, Taylor JP, O’Brien J, Thomas AJ. Can early phase cardiac [123I]mIBG images be used to diagnose Lewy body disease? Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:770-777. [PMID: 35603421 PMCID: PMC9177152 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some studies have suggested that cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine images obtained 15-20 min after tracer administration are as accurate for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diagnosis as standard images acquired after a delay of 3-4 h; some suggest delayed imaging is preferable. We compare early and delayed heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMR) in a well-characterised research dataset and make recommendations for clinical practice. METHODS Images were acquired using a Siemens gamma camera with medium energy collimators. Early images were obtained at 20 min and delayed at 4 h (± 30) min. In total 167 pairs of images were reviewed: 30 controls, 39 people with dementia and 98 with mild cognitive impairment. HMR normal cutoff values derived from control data were ≥2.10 for early imaging and ≥1.85 for delayed. RESULTS HMR tended to drop between early and delayed for abnormal images, but increase for normal images. Histograms of early and delayed HMR showed a slightly better separation of results into two groups for delayed imaging. Accuracy results were slightly higher for delayed imaging than early imaging (73 vs. 77%), sensitivity 63 vs. 65% and specificity 82 vs. 88%. However, this was not statistically significant - in total only 8/167 (5%) of scans changed designation between early and delayed imaging. CONCLUSION We suggest that a delayed image could be acquired only if the early result is borderline. This removes the need for delayed imaging in about 70% of patients. Adopting this protocol in clinical practice would reduce the time most patients have to wait and could free up scanner time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Joseph P.M. Kane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Jim Lloyd
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Michael Firbank
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
| | | | - George S. Petrides
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
| | - John O’Brien
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University
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Bevan-Jones R, Cope T, Jones S, Kaalund S, Allinson K, Hong Y, Arnold R, Patterson K, O’Brien J, Rowe J. Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous, but each major phenotype has been associated with both aggregation of misfolded protein and neuroinflammation. We used positron emission tomography, with [11C]PK-11195 to measure activated microglia, and [18F]AV-1451 to quantify the burden of Tau or TDP-43, in 31 patients with frontotemporal dementia (10 behavioural variant, 11 semantic variant and 10 non-fluent variant) and 15 matched controls, to test the hypothesis that neuroinflamma- tion co-localises with pathological protein aggregation.Analyses included: (1) region-of-interest binding potentials; (2) pairwise correlation across regions between ligands; (3) principal component analysis of each ligand distribution and (4) multivariate classification of binding distributions.The analyses converged in showing (a) significant differences in [11C]PK-11195 binding between each patient group and controls in frontotemporal regions; (b) a strong positive correlation between [11C] PK-11195 and [18F]AV-1451 binding in all disease groups, across widespread cortical regions. Thesein vivoresults were confirmed bypost mortemimmunohistochemistry in 12 brains. In addition, we found (c) distinct distributional patterns of [11C]PK-11195 binding associated with different frontotemporal dementia syndromes, that supported more accurate classification of participants than [18F]AV-1451.Neuroinflammation may be important in shaping the clinical and neuropathological patterns of fronto- temporal dementia, and be a target for disease-modification.richard.bevanjones@doctors.org.uk
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Holland N, Simon Jones P, Savulich G, Hong YT, Fryer T, Manavaki R, Milicevic-Sephton S, Aigbirhio FI, O’Brien J, Rowe JB. 226 Reduced synaptic density in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, revealed by [11C]UCB-J PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic loss is prominent in several human neurodegenerative diseases. We tested the hypothesis that synaptic density is reduced by the primary tauopathies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cor- ticobasal syndrome (CBS). Thirty-three participants (10 CBS, 10 PSP, and thirteen age-/sex-/education- matched controls) underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment, 3T-magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography with the radioligand [11C]UCB-J which targets the Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). Eight CBS patients had negative β-amyloid biomarker. As expected, PSP and CBS groups were impaired in executive, memory and visuospatial tasks. [11C]UCB-J binding was reduced across frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, cingulate, hippocampus, insula, amygdala and subcortical structures in both PSP and CBS patients compared to controls (p<0.001), with reductions up to 50%, consistent with post mortem data. The revised Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination score correlated positively with cortical [11C]UCB-J binding (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, hippocampus, insula and amygdala, all p<0.05); putamen and precentral [11C]UCB-J binding correlated inversely with the PSP rating scale (both p<0.05). In conclusion, we confirm severe synaptic loss in PSP and CBS, which correlates with disease severity, providing critical insights into the underlying pathophysiology of primary degenerative tauopathies and supporting potential treatment strategies based on synaptic maintenance or restoration.nda26@cam.ac.uk
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Hamilton CA, Frith J, Donaghy PC, Barker SAH, Durcan R, Lawley S, Barnett N, Firbank M, Roberts G, Taylor J, Allan LM, O’Brien J, Yarnall AJ, Thomas AJ. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to orthostatic challenge and Valsalva manoeuvre in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5709. [PMID: 35388536 PMCID: PMC9321690 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthostatic hypotension is a common feature of normal ageing, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, in particular the synucleinopathies including dementia with Lewy bodies. Orthostatic hypotension and other abnormal cardiovascular responses may be early markers of Lewy body disease. We aimed to assess whether abnormal blood pressure and heart rate responses to orthostatic challenge and Valsalva manoeuvre would be more common in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) than MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD). METHODS MCI patients (n = 89) underwent longitudinal clinical assessment with differential classification of probable MCI-LB, possible MCI-LB, or MCI-AD, with objective autonomic function testing at baseline. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to active stand and Valsalva manoeuvre were calculated from beat-to-beat cardiovascular data, with abnormalities defined by current criteria, and age-adjusted group differences estimated with logistic models. RESULTS Orthostatic hypotension and abnormal heart rate response to orthostatic challenge were not more common in probable MCI-LB than MCI-AD. Heart rate abnormalities were likewise not more common in response to Valsalva manoeuvre in probable MCI-LB. An abnormal blood pressure response to Valsalva (delayed return to baseline/absence of overshoot after release of strain) was more common in probable MCI-LB than MCI-AD. In secondary analyses, magnitude of blood pressure drop after active stand and 10-s after release of Valsalva strain were weakly correlated with cardiac sympathetic denervation. CONCLUSIONS Probable MCI-LB may feature abnormal blood pressure response to Valsalva, but orthostatic hypotension is not a clear distinguishing feature from MCI-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A. Hamilton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - James Frith
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Paul C. Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sally A. H. Barker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Rory Durcan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sarah Lawley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Nicola Barnett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Michael Firbank
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John‐Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Louise M. Allan
- College of Medicine and Health, St Luke's CampusExeter UniversityExeterUK
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Cambridge, Level E4, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Alison J. Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Hamilton CA, Frith J, Donaghy PC, Barker SAH, Durcan R, Lawley S, Barnett N, Firbank M, Roberts G, Taylor J, Allan LM, O’Brien J, Yarnall AJ, Thomas AJ. Assessment of autonomic symptoms may assist with early identification of mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5703. [PMID: 35302677 PMCID: PMC9311677 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autonomic symptoms are a common feature of the synucleinopathies, and may be a distinguishing feature of prodromal Lewy body disease. We aimed to assess whether the cognitive prodrome of dementia with Lewy bodies, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB), would have more severe reported autonomic symptoms than cognitively healthy older adults, with MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) also included for comparison. We also aimed to assess the utility of an autonomic symptom scale in differentiating MCI-LB from MCI-AD. METHODS Ninety-three individuals with MCI and 33 healthy controls were assessed with the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31-item scale (COMPASS). Mild cognitive impairment patients also underwent detailed clinical assessment and differential classification of MCI-AD or MCI-LB according to current consensus criteria. Differences in overall COMPASS score and individual symptom sub-scales were assessed, controlling for age. RESULTS Age-adjusted severity of overall autonomic symptomatology was greater in MCI-LB (Ratio = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.37-2.96), with higher orthostatic intolerance and urinary symptom severity than controls, and greater risk of gastrointestinal and secretomotor symptoms. MCI-AD did not have significantly higher autonomic symptom severity than controls overall. A cut-off of 4/5 on the COMPASS was sensitive to MCI-LB (92%) but not specific to this (42% specificity vs. MCI-AD and 52% vs. healthy controls). CONCLUSIONS Mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies had greater autonomic symptom severity than normal ageing and MCI-AD, but such autonomic symptoms are not a specific finding. The COMPASS-31 may therefore have value as a sensitive screening test for early-stage Lewy body disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A. Hamilton
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - James Frith
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Paul C. Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sally A. H. Barker
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Rory Durcan
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sarah Lawley
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Nicola Barnett
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Michael Firbank
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John‐Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - John O’Brien
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Alison J. Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Török ME, Underwood BR, Toshner M, Waddington C, Sidhom E, Sharrocks K, Bousfield R, Summers C, Saunders C, McIntyre Z, Morris H, Piper J, Calderon G, Dennis S, Assari T, de Rotrou AM, Shaw A, Bradley J, O’Brien J, Rintoul RC, Smith I, Bullmore E, Chatterjee K. Challenges and opportunities for conducting a vaccine trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Clin Trials 2021; 18:615-621. [PMID: 34154428 PMCID: PMC8479147 DOI: 10.1177/17407745211024764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. It has also stimulated research in a wide range of areas including rapid diagnostics, novel therapeutics, use of technology to track patients and vaccine development. Here, we describe our experience of rapidly setting up and delivering a novel COVID-19 vaccine trial, using clinical and research staff and facilities in three National Health Service Trusts in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. We encountered and overcame a number of challenges including differences in organisational structures, research facilities available, staff experience and skills, information technology and communications infrastructure, and research training and assessment procedures. We overcame these by setting up a project team that included key members from all three organisations that met at least daily by teleconference. This group together worked to identify the best practices and procedures and to harmonise and cascade these to the wider trial team. This enabled us to set up the trial within 25 days and to recruit and vaccinate the participants within a further 23 days. The lessons learned from our experiences could be used to inform the conduct of clinical trials during a future infectious disease pandemic or public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estée Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Departments of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Public Health England, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin R Underwood
- Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Waddington
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Departments of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emad Sidhom
- Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Sharrocks
- Departments of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Public Health England, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Bousfield
- Departments of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Public Health England, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- John V Farman Intensive Care Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Saunders
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoe McIntyre
- Office for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Morris
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jo Piper
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gloria Calderon
- Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Dennis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Assari
- Research & Development Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ashley Shaw
- Medical Director’s Office, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Research & Development Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - John O’Brien
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Howard R, Gathercole R, Bradley R, Harper E, Davis L, Pank L, Lam N, Talbot E, Hooper E, Winson R, Scutt B, Ordonez Montano V, Nunn S, Lavelle G, Bateman A, Bentham P, Burns A, Dunk B, Forsyth K, Fox C, Poland F, Leroi I, Newman S, O’Brien J, Henderson C, Knapp M, Woolham J, Gray R. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of assistive technology and telecare for independent living in dementia: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2021; 50:882-890. [PMID: 33492349 PMCID: PMC8099012 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of assistive technology and telecare (ATT) has been promoted to manage risks associated with independent living in people with dementia but with little evidence for effectiveness. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to receive an ATT assessment followed by installation of all appropriate ATT devices or limited control of appropriate ATT. The primary outcomes were time to institutionalisation and cost-effectiveness. Key secondary outcomes were number of incidents involving risks to safety, burden and stress in family caregivers and quality of life. Results Participants were assigned to receive full ATT (248 participants) or the limited control (247 participants). After adjusting for baseline imbalance of activities of daily living score, HR for median pre-institutionalisation survival was 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.12; P = 0.20. There were no significant differences between arms in health and social care (mean -£909; 95% CI, -£5,336 to £3,345, P = 0.678) and societal costs (mean -£3,545; 95% CI, -£13,914 to £6,581, P = 0.499). ATT group members had reduced participant-rated quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at 104 weeks (mean − 0.105; 95% CI, −0.204 to −0.007, P = 0.037) but did not differ in QALYs derived from proxy-reported EQ-5D. Discussion Fidelity of the intervention was low in terms of matching ATT assessment, recommendations and installation. This, however, reflects current practice within adult social care in England. Conclusions Time living independently outside a care home was not significantly longer in participants who received full ATT and ATT was not cost-effective. Participants with full ATT attained fewer QALYs based on participant-reported EQ-5D than controls at 104 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosie Bradley
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
| | - Emma Harper
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
| | - Lucy Davis
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
| | - Lynn Pank
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
| | - Natalie Lam
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
| | - Emma Talbot
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Emma Hooper
- Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Winson
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Bentham
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Barbara Dunk
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Knapp
- London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | | | - Richard Gray
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, UK
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16
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Nguyen PT, Boral LI, O’Brien J, Zhang D, Gao Y, Bernard A. Reducing Inappropriate Overutilization of the Massive Transfusion Protocol. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) make it possible to deliver blood products to exsanguinating patients in an efficient, sustained, and immediate manner. However, overutilization of MTPs continues to remain a significant problem for hospital blood banks. The study aims to address the characteristics of possibly inappropriate MTP activations during the first phase (cooler) at a level 1 trauma academic medical center.
Methods
This was a retrospective review of 328 phase 1 MTPs out of 696 total MTPs performed during a two-year period (Jan 1, 2017 and Dec 31, 2018) and divided into three categories: trauma, non-trauma surgery, and medicine services. We assumed that a possibly inappropriate MTP for trauma cases would show an Assessment of Blood Component (ABC) score of 1 or less and physicians used clinical discretion. For possibly inappropriate MTP non- trauma surgical and medicine cases, we devised a new system where we looked at only whether the blood pressure was equal to or less than 90 mm Hg and/or the pulse was greater than or equal to 120 beats per minute. If there was a score of 0 where there were neither vital sign criteria, then the MTP was considered possibly inappropriate.
Results
For trauma service, there were 43/168 (25.6%) cases that had an ABC score of 0, 49/168 (29.2%) cases that had an ABC score of 1, 53/168 (31.5%) cases that had an ABC score of 2, 21/168 (12.5%) cases that had an ABC score of 3, and only 2/168 (1.2%) case that had an ABC score of 4. Non-trauma surgery service had 31/51 (60.8%) cases with a new score of 0, 20/51 (39.2%) cases with a new score of 1, and 0/51 (0%) cases with a new score of 2. Medicine services had 57/109 (52.3%) patients with a new score of 0, 47/109 (43.1%) patients with a new score of 1, and 5/109 (4.6%) patients with a new score of 2. Non-trauma surgery service had the greatest possibly inappropriate MTP activations [31/51 cases (60.8%)], followed by trauma [92/168 (54.8%) cases] and medicine [57/109 (52.3%) cases].
Conclusion
Our study shows greater overutilization with MTPs using clinical judgment than with using the ABC criteria. Non-trauma surgery service had the greatest number of possibly inappropriate MTP activations at our hospital without having a significantly abnormal pulse or blood pressure. While ABC criteria is already liberal for activating an MTP, physician discretion appears to be more liberal in activating a possibly inappropriate MTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Nguyen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - L I Boral
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - J O’Brien
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - D Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - Y Gao
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - A Bernard
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, Kentucky, UNITED STATES
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Richardson SJ, Carroll CB, Close J, Gordon AL, O’Brien J, Quinn TJ, Rochester L, Sayer AA, Shenkin SD, van der Velde N, Woo J, Witham MD. Research with older people in a world with COVID-19: identification of current and future priorities, challenges and opportunities. Age Ageing 2020; 49:901-906. [PMID: 32584954 PMCID: PMC7454250 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Older people are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a profound impact on research as well as clinical service delivery. This commentary identifies key challenges and opportunities in continuing to conduct research with and for older people, both during and after the current pandemic. It shares opinions from responders to an international survey, a range of academic authors and opinions from specialist societies. Priorities in COVID-19 research include its specific presentation in older people, consequences for physical, cognitive and psychological health, treatments and vaccines, rehabilitation, supporting care homes more effectively, the impact of social distancing, lockdown policies and system reconfiguration to provide best health and social care for older people. COVID-19 research needs to be inclusive, particularly involving older people living with frailty, cognitive impairment or multimorbidity, and those living in care homes. Non-COVID-19 related research for older people remains of critical importance and must not be neglected in the rush to study the pandemic. Profound changes are required in the way that we design and deliver research for older people in a world where movement and face-to-face contact are restricted, but we also highlight new opportunities such as the ability to collaborate more widely and to design and deliver research efficiently at scale and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Richardson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jacqueline Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam L Gordon
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Brain and Movement Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Santhanam A, Shihabeddin E, Atkinson JA, Nguyen D, Lin YP, O’Brien J. A Zebrafish Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa Shows Continuous Degeneration and Regeneration of Rod Photoreceptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102242. [PMID: 33036185 PMCID: PMC7599532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 1.5 million people suffer from Retinitis Pigmentosa, with many experiencing partial to complete vision loss. Regenerative therapies offer some hope, but their development is challenged by the limited regenerative capacity of mammalian model systems. As a step toward investigating regenerative therapies, we developed a zebrafish model of Retinitis Pigmentosa that displays ongoing regeneration. We used Tol2 transgenesis to express mouse rhodopsin carrying the P23H mutation and an epitope tag in zebrafish rod photoreceptors. Adult and juvenile fish were examined by immunofluorescence, TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays. P23H transgenic fish expressed the transgene in rods from 3 days post fertilization onward. Rods expressing the mutant rhodopsin formed very small or no outer segments and the mutant protein was delocalized over the entire cell. Adult fish displayed thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and loss of rod outer segments, but retained a single, sparse row of rods. Adult fish displayed ongoing apoptotic cell death in the ONL and an abundance of proliferating cells, predominantly in the ONL. There was a modest remodeling of bipolar and Müller glial cells. This transgenic fish will provide a useful model system to study rod photoreceptor regeneration and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Santhanam
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua A. Atkinson
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - John O’Brien
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
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19
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Holland N, Jones PS, Savulich G, Wiggins JK, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Manavaki R, Sephton SM, Boros I, Malpetti M, Hezemans FH, Aigbirhio FI, Coles JP, O’Brien J, Rowe JB. Synaptic Loss in Primary Tauopathies Revealed by [ 11 C]UCB-J Positron Emission Tomography. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1834-1842. [PMID: 32652635 PMCID: PMC7611123 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic loss is a prominent and early feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that synaptic density is reduced in the primary tauopathies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (Richardson's syndrome) and amyloid-negative corticobasal syndrome (CBS). METHODS Forty-four participants (15 CBS, 14 PSP, and 15 age-/sex-/education-matched controls) underwent PET with the radioligand [11 C]UCB-J, which binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, a marker of synaptic density; participants also had 3 Tesla MRI and clinical and neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS Nine CBS patients had negative amyloid biomarkers determined by [11 C]PiB PET and hence were deemed likely to have corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Patients with PSP-Richardson's syndrome and amyloid-negative CBS were impaired in executive, memory, and visuospatial tasks. [11 C]UCB-J binding was reduced across frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, cingulate, hippocampus, insula, amygdala, and subcortical structures in both PSP and CBD patients compared to controls (P < 0.01), with median reductions up to 50%, consistent with postmortem data. Reductions of 20% to 30% were widespread even in areas of the brain with minimal atrophy. There was a negative correlation between global [11 C]UCB-J binding and the PSP and CBD rating scales (R = -0.61, P < 0.002; R = -0.72, P < 0.001, respectively) and a positive correlation with the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (R = 0.52; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We confirm severe synaptic loss in PSP and CBD in proportion to disease severity, providing critical insight into the pathophysiology of primary degenerative tauopathies. [11 C]UCB-J may facilitate treatment strategies for disease-modification, synaptic maintenance, or restoration. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Holland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
| | - P. Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | - Young T. Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge
| | - Tim D. Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Selena Milicevic Sephton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge
| | - Istvan Boros
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
| | - Frank H. Hezemans
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Jonathan P. Coles
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B. Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Aseervatham J, Li X, Mitchell CK, Lin YP, Heidelberger R, O’Brien J. Calmodulin Binding to Connexin 35: Specializations to Function as an Electrical Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6346. [PMID: 32882943 PMCID: PMC7504508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin binding is a nearly universal property of gap junction proteins, imparting a calcium-dependent uncoupling behavior that can serve in an emergency to decouple a stressed cell from its neighbors. However, gap junctions that function as electrical synapses within networks of neurons routinely encounter large fluctuations in local cytoplasmic calcium concentration; frequent uncoupling would be impractical and counterproductive. We have studied the properties and functional consequences of calmodulin binding to the electrical synapse protein Connexin 35 (Cx35 or gjd2b), homologous to mammalian Connexin 36 (Cx36 or gjd2). We find that specializations in Cx35 calmodulin binding sites make it relatively impervious to moderately high levels of cytoplasmic calcium. Calmodulin binding to a site in the C-terminus causes uncoupling when calcium reaches low micromolar concentrations, a behavior prevented by mutations that eliminate calmodulin binding. However, milder stimuli promote calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity that potentiates coupling without interference from calmodulin binding. A second calmodulin binding site in the end of the Cx35 cytoplasmic loop, homologous to a calmodulin binding site present in many connexins, binds calmodulin with very low affinity and stoichiometry. Together, the calmodulin binding sites cause Cx35 to uncouple only at extreme levels of intracellular calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Aseervatham
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (X.L.); (C.K.M.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (X.L.); (C.K.M.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Cheryl K. Mitchell
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (X.L.); (C.K.M.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (X.L.); (C.K.M.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Ruth Heidelberger
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John O’Brien
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (X.L.); (C.K.M.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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O’Brien J, Timm B, Farag M, Lawrentschuk N, Bolton D. SoMe and the PCP: Can twitter bridge dialogue between urology and primary care practitioner? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Knight MT, Newman MC, Benzinger MJ, Agin JR, Ash M, Sims P, Hughes D, Arling V, Brock G, Bronstein A, Brooks R, Bucknavage M, Cirigliano M, Coles C, Farber J, Fisher B, George N, Heisick J, lannucci M, Koeritzer B, Lovett S, Mays J, McNally S, Menning C, Nelson T, Neufang K, Neuman S, O’Brien J, Rude R, Rudowski J, Singleton E, Sirivicha S, Turner S, VanderMeer J, Warburton D, Young S. TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (TLVIA) for Detection of Listeria in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.5.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study involving 26 laboratories and 5 food types was performed to compare the TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (TLVIA) with standard culture methods. Three foods (lettuce, ice cream, and fish fillets), under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and 2 foods (cooked chicken and cooked ground turkey), under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, were used to determine the effectiveness of the TLVIA. Of the 900 samples tested, 300 were inoculated with low levels (1-5 cells/25 g) of Listeria spp. and 300 were inoculated with high levels of Listeria spp. (10-50 cells/25 g). Method agreement between the conventional culture methods and TLVIA (visual) was 94.7%. Method agreement between the conventional culture methods and TLVIA (reader) was 93.6%. The colorimetric polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (TLVIA) for detection of Listeria in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James R Agin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 2014 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Megan Ash
- Bioenterprises Pty Ltd, 28 Barcoo St, Roseville, NSW, Australia 2069
| | - Paul Sims
- Bioenterprises Pty Ltd, 28 Barcoo St, Roseville, NSW, Australia 2069
| | - Denise Hughes
- Bioenterprises Pty Ltd, 28 Barcoo St, Roseville, NSW, Australia 2069
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23
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Warren J, Nanayakkara S, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Dinh D, Yudi M, Clark D, Ajani AE, Reid CM, Selkrig L, Shaw J, Hiew C, Freeman M, Kaye D, Kingwell BA, Dart AM, Duffy SJ, Reid C, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Dinh D, Reid C, Ajani A, Duffy S, Clark D, Freeman M, Hiew C, Andrianopoulos N, Oqueli E, Brennan A, Duffy S, Shaw J, Walton A, Dart A, Broughton A, Federman J, Keighley C, Hengel C, Peter K, Stub D, Chan W, Warren J, O’Brien J, Selkrig L, Huntington R, Clark D, Farouque O, Horrigan M, Johns J, Oliver L, Brennan J, Chan R, Proimos G, Dortimer T, Chan B, Nadurata V, Huq R, Fernando D, Al-Fiadh A, Yudi M, Sugumar H, Ramchand J, Han H, Picardo S, Brown L, Oqueli E, Hengel C, Sharma A, Zhu B, Ryan N, Harrison T, New G, Roberts L, Freeman M, Rowe M, Proimos G, Cheong Y, Goods C, Fernando D, Teh A, Parfrey S, Ramzy J, Koshy A, Venkataraman P, Flannery D, Hiew C, Sebastian M, Yip T, Mok M, Jaworski C, Hutchinson A, Cimenkaya C, Ngu P, Khialani B, Salehi H, Turner M, Dyson J, McDonald B, Van Den Nouwelant D, Halliburton K, Reid C, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Dinh D, Yan B, Ajani A, Warren R, Eccleston D, Lefkovits J, Iyer R, Gurvitch R, Wilson W, Brooks M, Biswas S, Yeoh J. Impact of Pre-Procedural Blood Pressure on Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:2846-2855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Backhouse EV, Brown R, Williams S, Parry-Jones A, Werring D, Sprigg N, Touyz R, Tyrrell P, Robinson T, Rudd A, McManus R, O’Brien J, Markus H, Bath P, Quinn T, Doubal F, Wardlaw JM. 136Rates, risks and routes to reduce vascular dementia (R4VAD). Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz001.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Patching K, Perry M, O’Brien J, Horrigan M. AF-Express Clinic in a Tertiary, Metropolitan Hospital Reduces Emergency Department Re-Admissions. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Lee YH, Zhang S, Mitchell CK, Lin YP, O’Brien J. Calcium Imaging with Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations. Biosci Bioeng 2018; 4:78-84. [PMID: 33005746 PMCID: PMC7526954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signals act as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in regulating many body functions. The detection of calcium microdomain signals is greatly facilitated by the existence of biomarker-targeted fluorescent probes. In this study, SRRF (super-resolution radial fluctuations) algorithm were used to compare the loci and the intensity of fluorescent probes before and after SRRF analysis. The implementation of SRRF algorithm was aimed for automatically resolving delicate and small calcium signals (to avoid the overlapped loci) on original images. For assessing the spatial accuracy of image intensity, immunofluorescence staining of retina cryostat slice for connexin 36 (Cx36) was microscopically imaged with or without the successive SRRF reconstruction. For characterizing the temporal association between SRRF and non-SRRF images, the changes of Cx36-GCaMP calcium indicator were recorded from transfected HeLa cells in response to the transient puffing of ionomycin. Image processing and analyses were conducted with Image J and Matlab. Through this study, SRRF reconstruction was found to confer an accurate measure for the identification of subcellular molecules, such as gap junctions. Compared with the conventional imaging, SRRF reconstruction generated better image resolution for the precise registration of individual signals. Temporally, the ratios of change in fluorescence intensity between SRRF and non-SRRF images were significantly correlated in the presence or absence of the subtraction of high background intensity. Quantitatively, the ratios of change in fluorescence intensity between SRRF and non-SRRF images with or without background subtraction were also significantly correlated. The merit of SRRF application on calcium live imaging was validated with the reporter gene system we worked on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA,Corresponding author: (Yuan-Hao Lee)
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. of China
| | - Cheryl Kyles Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA,The MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, USA
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27
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Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Luo Y, Huang C, Kaplan T, O’Brien J, Lorn D, Lee J, MacDonnell S, Peyser R, Halasz G, Meagher K, Casanova S, McWhirter J, Wang J, Hickey J, Roos M, Poueymirou W, Chiao E, Auerbach W, Olson W, Macdonald L, Zambrowicz B, Murphy A, Yancopoulos G, Morton L. Novel approaches for modeling C3 glomerulopathy in mouse and rat. Mol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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McLaughlin G, Baumann MH, Kavanagh PV, Morris N, Power JD, Dowling G, Twamley B, O’Brien J, Hessman G, Westphal F, Walther D, Brandt SD. Synthesis, analytical characterization, and monoamine transporter activity of the new psychoactive substance 4-methylphenmetrazine (4-MPM), with differentiation from its ortho- and meta- positional isomers. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1404-1416. [PMID: 29673128 PMCID: PMC7316143 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The availability of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the recreational drug market continues to create challenges for scientists in the forensic, clinical and toxicology fields. Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine) and an array of its analogs form a class of psychostimulants that are well documented in the patent and scientific literature. The present study reports on two phenmetrazine analogs that have been encountered on the NPS market following the introduction of 3-fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM), namely 4-methylphenmetrazine (4-MPM), and 3-methylphenmetrazine (3-MPM). This study describes the syntheses, analytical characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of the positional isomers of MPM. Analytical characterizations employed various chromatographic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric platforms. Pharmacological studies were conducted to assess whether MPM isomers might display stimulant-like effects similar to the parent compound phenmetrazine. The isomers were tested for their ability to inhibit uptake or stimulate release of tritiated substrates at dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters using in vitro transporter assays in rat brain synaptosomes. The analytical characterization of three vendor samples revealed the presence of 4-MPM in two of the samples and 3-MPM in the third sample, which agreed with the product label. The pharmacological findings suggest that 2-MPM and 3-MPM will exhibit stimulant properties similar to the parent compound phenmetrazine, whereas 4-MPM may display entactogen properties more similar to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The combination of test purchases, analytical characterization, targeted organic synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of NPS and their isomers is an effective approach for the provision of data on these substances as they emerge in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, James’s Street, Dublin 8, D08W9RT, Ireland
- Forensic Science Ireland, Garda Headquarters, Phoenix Park, Dublin 8, D08HN3X, Ireland
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Suite 4400, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pierce V. Kavanagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, James’s Street, Dublin 8, D08W9RT, Ireland
| | - Noreen Morris
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, N37HD68, Ireland
| | - John D. Power
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, James’s Street, Dublin 8, D08W9RT, Ireland
- Forensic Science Ireland, Garda Headquarters, Phoenix Park, Dublin 8, D08HN3X, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Dowling
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, James’s Street, Dublin 8, D08W9RT, Ireland
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91YW50, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02EV57, Ireland
| | - John O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02EV57, Ireland
| | - Gary Hessman
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02EV57, Ireland
| | - Folker Westphal
- State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig-Holstein, Section Narcotics/Toxicology, Mühlenweg 166, D-24116 Kiel, Germany
| | - Donna Walther
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Suite 4400, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simon D. Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of maternal pregnancy diet with offspring asthma risk have been reported. However, literature on longitudinal patterns of asthma risk relative to intrauterine nutrient exposure is limited. We aimed to establish whether vegetable, oily fish and vitamin D intake during pregnancy are associated with childhood asthma risk over a 10-year period in the Irish Republic. DESIGN Mother-child pairs (n=897) from the Lifeways prospective birth cohort, with data on nutrient intake during pregnancy and asthma status, respectively, were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Data on socioeconomic and morbidity indicators over 10 years of follow-up on mothers and the index child were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Asthma status as diagnosed by the general practitioner at any time point over 10 years was related to maternal vegetable, oily fish and vitamin D intake during pregnancy, while adjusting for gestational age, socioeconomic status, smoking at delivery, breast feeding, season of birth and supplement use. Data were modelled with a marginal model on correlated observations over time within individuals. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, asthma was inversely associated with higher daily average intake of oily fish (OR 0.23 per serving/day, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.41) and of vegetables (OR 0.96 per serving/day, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.05), but the confidence limits overlapped 1. A higher daily vitamin D intake was associated with reduced odds of asthma (OR 0.93 per μg/day, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98). CONCLUSION This analysis suggests higher daily average intake of vitamin D in pregnancy is associated with asthma risk in offspring over the first 10 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Support and Training in Analysis and Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John O’Brien
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Celine Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ford GA, Markus H, Croall I, Moyhnihan B, Dixit A, O’Brien J, Morris R, Barrick T, Khan U, Tozer D, Blamire A. Abstract 153: The Preserve Trial: Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering and Cerebral Blood Flow in Small Vessel Disease. Stroke 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/str.49.suppl_1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims:
In patients with severe cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), in whom both cerebral blood flow and cerebral autoregulation are reduced, intensive BP lowering might reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increase the rate of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression. In an RCT we determined the effect of intensive BP lowering on CBF in lacunar stroke with confluent WMH.
Method:
In the PRESERVE trial Perfusion sub-study, patients from 2 sites with MRI confirmed symptomatic lacunar infarct and confluent WMH were randomised to “normal” (systolic=130-140mmHg, N=33) versus “intensive” (systolic=<125mmHg, N=29) BP targets. CBF was determined using arterial spin labelling; the primary end point was change in global CBF between baseline and 3 months. Linear regression was performed comparing change in CBF against change in BP. Analyses controlled for site.
Results:
Mean(SD) systolic BP reduced by 8(12) and 27(17)mmHg in the standard/intensive groups, respectively (difference between groups
p
<0.001) with achieved BP of 141(13) and 126(10) mmHg respectively. Baseline global CBF was 32(10) and 31(10)ml/min/100g in the standard/intensive groups. There was no difference in change in global CBF between treatment arms: standard, mean(SD) (ml/min/100g)=
-0.46
(9.39); intensive,
0.73
(8.62),
p
=0.63. No differences were observed when analysis examined grey or white matter only, or was confined to those achieving target BP. Change in CBF did not have a significant association with change in systolic or diastolic BP.
Conclusion:
Intensive BP lowering did not reduce CBF in severe SVD characterised by lacunar stroke and confluent WMH. This suggests intensive CBF reduction is unlikely to accelerate WMH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Markus
- Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Croall
- Univ of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anand Dixit
- Newcastle Hosps NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Tozer
- Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Yudi M, Brennan A, Picardo S, Horrigan M, Duffy S, Freeman M, Fernando D, Sebastian M, Murphy A, O’Brien J, Oqueli E, Ajani A, Farouque O, Clark D. Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Centre Australian Registry Review. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Francké M, O’Brien J, Horrigan M. The Role of Appropriate Advanced Care Directives in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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O’Brien J, Martin L, Judkins S, Yeoh M, Chan T, Taylor D, Horrigan M, Parker S. Gender-Specific Findings in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department with Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O’Brien J, Martin L, Judkins S, Yeoh M, Chan T, Taylor D, Horrigan M. Multiple Stroke Prophylaxis ‘Treatment Gaps’ Identified in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Yudi M, Brennan A, Picardo S, Horrigan M, Fernando D, Duffy S, Freeman M, Sebastian M, Murphy A, O’Brien J, Oqueli E, Ajani A, Farouque O, Clark D. Long-Term Mortality Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to the Proximal Left Anterior Descending Artery: A Multi-Centre Australian Registry Review. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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O’Brien J, Sutherland N, Meher-Homji Z, Jones E, Chua K. Acute Pericarditis: A Rare Complication of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ashford K, Rayens E, Wiggins AT, Kay Rayens M, Sayre MM, O’Brien J. Associations of Demographic Factors and Tobacco Use With Progesterone and Estradiol During Pregnancy. SAGE Open Nurs 2018; 4:2377960818806285. [PMID: 33415210 PMCID: PMC7774417 DOI: 10.1177/2377960818806285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of biochemically validated prenatal tobacco use with serum progesterone and estradiol in the second trimester of pregnancy, controlling for demographic and personal factors. STUDY DESIGN This secondary analysis of a multicenter longitudinal study included 114 women with singleton pregnancies. Multiple regression analysis assessed whether prenatal tobacco use was related to hormone levels during the second trimester, controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity, with gestational age added to subsequent models). RESULT In the initial regressions, tobacco users had significantly lower progesterone level compared with nonsmokers (p = .037), while estradiol was unrelated to prenatal tobacco use. Women with greater body mass index also had significantly lower progesterone (p = .028), but body mass index was unrelated to estradiol. With gestational age as an additional covariate, prenatal tobacco use was no longer a significant predictor of progesterone, but both body mass index and gestational age were significant (F = 10.6, p < .001, R 2 = 0.35). For estradiol, the overall regression of estradiol on age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity was not significant (F = 1.2, p = .31). With gestational age added to the model, the overall model was significant (F = 7.2, p < .001, R 2 = 0.27). CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that prenatal tobacco use may influence lower serum progesterone during the second trimester. This is of particular concern given the link between depressed progesterone activity and risk for preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Ashford
- University of Kentucky Perinatal
Research and Wellness Center, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily Rayens
- Department of Infectious Disease,
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amanda T. Wiggins
- University of Kentucky Perinatal
Research and Wellness Center, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary Kay Rayens
- University of Kentucky Perinatal
Research and Wellness Center, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Public
Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - John O’Brien
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division,
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Mak E, Gabel S, Mirette H, Su L, Williams GB, Waldman A, Wells K, Ritchie K, Ritchie C, O’Brien J. Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:250-264. [PMID: 27777039 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and 'signature' brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.
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Davies GL, O’Brien J, Gun’ko YK. Rare Earth Doped Silica Nanoparticles via Thermolysis of a Single Source Metallasilsesquioxane Precursor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45862. [PMID: 28378754 PMCID: PMC5381092 DOI: 10.1038/srep45862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth metal doped silica nanoparticles have significant advantages over traditional organic dyes and quantum dots. Silsesquioxanes are promising precursors in the production of silica nanoparticles by thermolysis, due to their structural similarities with silica materials. This manuscript describes the production of a new Eu3+-based metallasilsesquioxane species and its use as a single source precursor in the thermolytic production of luminescent rare earth metal doped silica nanoparticles with characteristic emission in the visible region of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John O’Brien
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yurii K. Gun’ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Dowling G, Kavanagh PV, Talbot B, O’Brien J, Hessman G, McLaughlin G, Twamley B, Brandt SD. Outsmarted by nootropics? An investigation into the thermal degradation of modafinil, modafinic acid, adrafinil, CRL-40,940 and CRL-40,941 in the GC injector: formation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane and its tetra fluoro analog. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:518-528. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Dowling
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dublin Institute of Technology; Kevin Street Dublin D08 NF82 Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital; James's Street Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
| | - Pierce V. Kavanagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital; James's Street Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
| | - Brian Talbot
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Trinity College Dublin, College Green; Dublin D02 EV57 Ireland
| | - John O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green; Dublin D02 EV57 Ireland
| | - Gary Hessman
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green; Dublin D02 EV57 Ireland
| | - Gavin McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital; James's Street Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green; Dublin D02 EV57 Ireland
| | - Simon D. Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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Marchetti F, Beal M, O’Brien J, Rowan-Caroll A, Yauk C. Assessing heritable genetic hazard in the 21st century. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yudi M, Andrianopoulos N, O’Brien J, Selkrig L, Clark D, Ajani A, Freeman M, Hiew C, Chan W, Reid C, Farouque O, Dart A, Duffy S. Predictors of Recurrent Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalisations and Unplanned Revascularisation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Olsen K, Howel D, Barber R, Ford GA, Gallagher P, McAllister-Williams RH, Nilsson J, O’Brien J, Parker J, Thomas A. Lessons from a pilot and feasibility randomised trial in depression (Blood pressure Rapid Intensive Lowering And Normal Treatment for Mood and cognition in persistent depression (BRILiANT mood study)). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2015; 1:44. [PMID: 27965822 PMCID: PMC5154019 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-015-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood pressure rapid intensive lowering and normal treatment for mood and cognition in persistent depression (BRILiANT mood study) was devised as a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and safety of intensive blood pressure lowering as treatment for persistent mood and cognitive symptoms in older adults with major depressive disorder and to assess the availability of this population for recruitment. In addition, the relationship between reduced blood pressure and the change in cerebral blood flow and mood was to be investigated. METHODS A single centre pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), with two parallel groups of intensive or normal treatment for hypertension, recruiting from primary and secondary care and newspaper advert, with an aim of recruiting 66 participants, was observed in this study. At the end of the recruitment period, in order to explore the reasons for failure to recruit to target, surveys were developed and issued to those involved in recruitment. RESULTS Recruitment rates were lower than expected which led to the study being expanded to further areas and opened to self-referral via advertisement. However, because of better management of hypertension due to changes in the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework guidelines for blood pressure treatment, few eligible patients were identified and the study closed at the end of the recruitment period, with 13 participants consenting, but 12 failing screening resulting in one recruited participant. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the BRILiANT mood study was found not to be feasible, and results suggest that the expected patient population no longer exists. To overcome such recruitment difficulties, a prompt commencement of a study after funding so no relevant care changes occur might help prevent similar problems in future studies. In addition, self-referral, in this case via advertisement in papers, may be a useful tool to increase response rate. When recruiting in primary care, direct access to primary care databases, in a secure and anonymised way, may enable more effective screening. Ultimately, the BRILiANT mood study was shown not to be feasible; this was a useful conclusion from this pilot study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 64524251; UKCRN Portfolio No: 13284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Olsen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL UK
| | - Denise Howel
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
| | - Robert Barber
- Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Older Peoples Mental Health Services, Centre for the Health of the Elderly, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - Gary A. Ford
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PL UK
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience & Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Plane, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - R. Hamish McAllister-Williams
- Institute of Neuroscience & Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Psychiatry, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE5 4LP UK
| | - Jonna Nilsson
- Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Level E4, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 189, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
| | - Jennie Parker
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, 1-4 Claremont Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AE UK
| | - Alan Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience & Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL UK
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Somerville R, Viljoen K, McKey S, O’Brien J, Mehegan J, Seguardo R, Murrin C, Kelleher CC. PP07 Predictors of mortality, including general medical services eligibility, at 10-year follow-up of grandparents in the lifeways cross-generation cohort study of a thousand families. Br J Soc Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206256.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Simmonds J, Murchan H, James A, Crispino G, O’Brien J, Crumlish K, Franklin O, Fenton M, Burch M, McMahon CJ. Outcome of shared care for pediatric cardiac transplantation between two nations with different health care systems. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:806-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
The gap-junction-forming protein connexin36 (Cx36) represents the anatomical substrate of photoreceptor electrical coupling in mammals. The strength of coupling is directly correlated to the phosphorylation of Cx36 at two regulatory sites: Ser110 and Ser293. Our previous work demonstrated that the extent of biotinylated tracer coupling between photoreceptor cells, which provides an index of the extent of electrical coupling, depends on the mouse strain. In the C57Bl/6J strain, light or dopamine reduces tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation in photoreceptors. Conversely, darkness or a dopaminergic antagonist increases tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation, regardless of the daytime. In the CBA/CaJ strain, photoreceptor tracer coupling is not only regulated by light and dopamine, but also by a circadian clock, a type of oscillator with a period close to 24 h and intrinsic to the retina, so that under prolonged dark-adapted conditions tracer coupling is broader at night compared to daytime. In the current study, we examined whether the modulation of photoreceptor coupling by a circadian clock in the CBA/CaJ mouse photoreceptors reflected a change in Cx36 protein expression and/or phosphorylation. We found no significant change in Cx36 expression or in the number of Cx36 gap junction among the conditions examined. However, we found that Cx36 phosphorylation is higher under dark-adapted conditions at night than in the daytime, and is the lowest under prolonged illumination at any time of the day/night cycle. Our observations are consistent with the view that the circadian clock regulation of photoreceptor electrical coupling is mouse strain-dependent and highlights the critical position of Cx36 phosphorylation in the control of photoreceptor coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhang
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - John O’Brien
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Neuroscience Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Christophe P. Ribelayga
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Neuroscience Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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O’Brien J, Tavella R, Andrianopoulos N, Zeitz C, Brennan A, Reid C, Ajani A, Clark D, Beltrame J, Duffy S. Baseline comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes of Indigenous Australians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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O’Brien J, Kovacs E, Lowery E. Assessment of alcohol use in a cohort of patients with advanced lung disease. Alcohol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Levey H, Thomer M, Berrondo C, Budnik J, O’Brien J. Substance use among infertile men correlates with sexual dysfunction. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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