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Elzeiny H, Agresta F, Stevens J, Gardner DK. A step closer to parenthood with non-obstructive azoospermia: Unveiling the impact of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in Australia's largest single-centre study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 38366682 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) diagnosis poses challenges for couples seeking parenthood. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE) excels in retrieving testicular sperm cells for NOA cases. However, limited live birth data in Australian NOA patients hinders accurate counselling. AIMS This study aimed to determine the likelihood of infertile couples with a male partner diagnosed with NOA conceiving biological children using MD-TESE / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study included 108 NOA men treated at a public fertility unit and a private fertility centre (May 2009-May 2022). PRIMARY OUTCOME live birth rate (LBR); secondary outcomes: sperm retrieval rate, pregnancy rate, and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS Among 108 patients undergoing MD-TESE, the positive sperm retrieval rate (PSRR) was 64.8% (70/108). Histology best predicted sperm retrieval success, with hypo-spermatogenesis yielding a 94.1% PSRR. Age, testicular volume, and hormonal parameters had no significant impact. Mean male age: 35.4 years; mean partner age: 32.7 years. Fertilisation rate: 50.7%. LBR per initiated cycle: 58.7% (37/63); per embryo transfer: 63.8% (37/58); per initially diagnosed NOA man: 34.3% (37/108). Cumulative LBR: 74.1% (43/58); twin rate: 10.8% (4/37). No neonatal deaths or defects were observed among 47 live offspring. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable data for counselling NOA couples on the probability of conceiving biological offspring. MD-TESE and ICSI yielded favourable PSRR (64.8%) and LBR (63.8%). However, couples should be aware that once NOA is confirmed, the chance of taking home a baby is 34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Elzeiny
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Reproductive Services Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franca Agresta
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Stevens
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Bioscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Michell E, Lam T, Xia T, Nielsen S, Stevens J. The relationship between presurgical opioid type and persistent postoperative opioid use: a retrospective observational linkage study comparing tapentadol and oxycodone. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:203-205. [PMID: 37932877 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Michell
- St Vincent's Clinical Campus, Darlinghurst, UNSW Sydney
| | - T Lam
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - T Xia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - S Nielsen
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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3
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Elzeiny H, Agresta F, Stevens J, Gardner DK. A rare case of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome in a 45-year-old man leading to successful live birth through ejaculated spermatozoa: a case report and literature review. Front Genet 2023; 14:1242180. [PMID: 37779907 PMCID: PMC10533916 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1242180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Men diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) commonly exhibit non-obstructive azoospermia or rarely having sperm in their ejaculate, rendering them traditionally considered sterile prior to the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The presence of mosaic KS may mask the classical phenotype, resulting in underdiagnosis throughout their lifetime. Surgical sperm retrieval through Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction (Micro-TESE) combined with ICSI has become the gold standard approach, maximizing reproductive outcomes in these individuals. However, it is noteworthy that approximately 7% of men with KS may exhibit sperm in their ejaculate, providing an opportunity for them to achieve biological parenthood through ICSI. Case Presentation: In this report, we present an exceptional case of a 45-year-old man with Mosaic KS and severe oligozoospermia who successfully achieved pregnancy utilizing ICSI with freshly ejaculated sperm. Remarkably, this case represents the oldest recorded instance of a man with Klinefelter syndrome fathering his own biological child using sperm derived from fresh ejaculate. Conclusion: Although this case is exceedingly rare, it underscores the critical importance of exhausting all possibilities to facilitate biological parenthood in men with KS before considering alternative options such as sperm donation or adoption. By recognizing the potential for successful conception using ejaculated sperm in this population, we can provide individuals with mosaic KS the opportunity to fulfill their desire for biological offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Elzeiny
- Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - David K. Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Bolhuis MS, Akkerman OW, Sturkenboom MGG, van Boven JFM, Alffenaar JWC, Stevens J. Bedaquiline exposure in people with drug-resistant TB treated for diabetes: analysis of two phase 2 trials. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:335-337. [PMID: 37035978 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M S Bolhuis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - O W Akkerman
- Department o Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, TB Center Beatrixoord, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G G Sturkenboom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J F M van Boven
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J-W C Alffenaar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lam T, Stevens J, Nielsen S. A call to action: how can we better implement recommendations for non-routine use of modified-release opioid formulations? Anaesthesia 2023; 78:660-661. [PMID: 36756701 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - S Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
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6
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Lam T, Stevens J, Nielsen S. For complex problems, there are rarely simple solutions, but many pieces of an important puzzle. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:655-656. [PMID: 36718509 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - S Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
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7
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Lindsey M, Liu Y, Cuthbert J, Stevens J, Isom C. 213 Using mRNA from cytoplasmic biopsies to assess molecular maturation and developmental potential of bovine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv35n2ab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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8
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Stevens J, Orrock P, Verco B, Egger G. Overweight and obesity management in musculo-skeletal primary care: a survey of Australian health practitioners exploring ‘the elephant in the room’. Aust J Prim Health 2022; 28:573-579. [PMID: 36038358 DOI: 10.1071/py22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity has a bi-directional association with the growing burden of musculoskeletal (MSk) dysfunction and pain. It seems inevitable that MSk practitioners will see increasing numbers of patients who are overweight and or obese and require this to be addressed as part of their management. Little evidence exists to describe the engagement of patients and their MSk practitioner in weight management as an adjunct or direct component of their intervention or therapy. METHODS A self-administered electronic survey was constructed with 13 items to collect self-reported data from Australian practitioners who have a focus on MSk management. The target group was from a multidisciplinary MSk network of 350 members. RESULTS A total of 204 completed surveys were analysed from respondents working in one of seven MSk- related professions. It was found that 70% of patients/clients seen by respondents were overweight or obese and that <18% of these patients had weight management included as part of their treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sixty percent of the respondents in this survey indicated that they do not include weight management as part of their practice despite 70% of their patients/clients being overweight and or obese. With the exception of Medical Practitioners and Exercise Physiologists, in this survey, the other therapists including Chiropractors, Osteopaths, Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists, indicated that they lacked confidence, knowledge and methods to engage a systematic approach to weight management with their patients/clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stevens
- Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Paul Orrock
- Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Brent Verco
- Australian Musculo-Skeletal Network (AMSN), Mullumbimby, NSW 2482, Australia
| | - Garry Egger
- Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM), Northcote, Vic. 3070, Australia
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9
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Stevens J, Kostalas M, Chapman A, Prabhudesai S, Ratnasingham K. P-114 INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF BOTOX IN THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX ABDOMINAL WALL HERNIAS. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Botulinum toxin (Botox) has an established role in the elective management of complex abdominal wall hernia, but its role in the emergency setting has not been investigated. Clinical effects of Botox peak at 2–3 weeks after injection, but effects become apparent within 48 hours. We aimed to determine if these early effects can facilitate the acute reduction of irreducible hernia.
Materials and methods
Patients with irreducible abdominal wall hernias over a 30 month period were considered for Botox therapy. Suitable patients were given 300 units of Botox under ultrasound guidance into the anterolateral muscles bilaterally. Data were collected on outcomes.
Results
Twelve patients received Botox. All had incisional hernias and an ASA of 3 or more. Six were on antiplatelets and/or anticoagulation. All received Botox with standard conservative management. In ten patients, the hernia was reduced and symptoms resolved. One patient required surgery at 48 hours due to bowel ischaemia from inter-sac adhesions. A second patient experienced recurrent obstruction despite successful hernia reduction but was palliated due to advanced age and frailty.
Conclusions
This case series is the first study to investigate the role of Botox in the acute management of irreducible hernias. Our findings suggest that in selected patients, Botox can aid hernia reduction and avoid the morbidity of emergency repair. This is of particular value in high risk patients and those with complex defects who benefit from preoperative optimisation techniques. The accurate identification of strangulation is crucial however, as it excludes patients from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevens
- General Surgery, St Peters Hospital , Chertsey , United Kingdom
| | - M Kostalas
- General Surgery, St Peters Hospital , Chertsey , United Kingdom
| | - A Chapman
- Interventional Radiology, St Peters Hospital , Chertsey , United Kingdom
| | - S Prabhudesai
- Interventional Radiology, St Peters Hospital , Chertsey , United Kingdom
| | - K Ratnasingham
- General Surgery, St Peters Hospital , Chertsey , United Kingdom
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10
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Dwyer KM, Axtens MJ, Egger G, Stevens J. Re‐imaging health care delivery in the era of COVID‐19. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1998-2000. [PMID: 36114725 PMCID: PMC9538078 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the deficiencies of the current healthcare system of the disconnect between primary and tertiary care and increasing subspecialisation, the focus on acute episodic care rather than on prevention in a time where chronic disease prevails and an inefficient use of healthcare resources. Herein, we present the case for an alternative model of healthcare delivery – Shared Medical Appointments – which are efficient, effective, empowering and can be transitioned to the virtual environment successfully. We highlight the barriers to implementation and how these can be overcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Dwyer
- School of Medicine Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | | | - Garry Egger
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine Melbourne Australia
- Southern Cross University Lismore Australia
| | - John Stevens
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine Melbourne Australia
- Southern Cross University Lismore Australia
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11
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Stevens J, Szombati D, Maffei M, Elouard C, Assouly R, Cottet N, Dassonneville R, Ficheux Q, Zeppetzauer S, Bienfait A, Jordan AN, Auffèves A, Huard B. Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:110601. [PMID: 36154409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Qubits are physical, a quantum gate thus not only acts on the information carried by the qubit but also on its energy. What is then the corresponding flow of energy between the qubit and the controller that implements the gate? Here we exploit a superconducting platform to answer this question in the case of a quantum gate realized by a resonant drive field. During the gate, the superconducting qubit becomes entangled with the microwave drive pulse so that there is a quantum superposition between energy flows. We measure the energy change in the drive field conditioned on the outcome of a projective qubit measurement. We demonstrate that the drive's energy change associated with the measurement backaction can exceed by far the energy that can be extracted by the qubit. This can be understood by considering the qubit as a weak measurement apparatus of the driving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevens
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - D Szombati
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - M Maffei
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - C Elouard
- QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris, 2 Rue Simone Iff, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Assouly
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - N Cottet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - R Dassonneville
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Q Ficheux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - S Zeppetzauer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A Bienfait
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A N Jordan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Auffèves
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - B Huard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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12
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Elliott CP, Commander LE, Merino‐Martín L, Golos PJ, Stevens J, Miller BP. An approach to defining and achieving restoration targets for a threatened plant community. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2613. [PMID: 35366034 PMCID: PMC9539575 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Connecting scientific research and government policy is essential for achieving objectives in sustaining biodiversity in an economic context. Our approach to connecting theoretical ecology, applied ecology, and policy was devised using principles of restoration ecology and the requisite methodology to restore biodiverse ecosystems. Using a threatened ecological community (TEC) with >120 plant species, we posit our approach as a guide for interpreting and achieving regulatory compliance (i.e., government conditions) enacted to manage or offset environmental impacts of development. We inform the scientific approach necessary to delivering outcomes appropriate to policy intent and biodiverse restoration through theoretical and applied research into the ecological restoration of the highly endemic flora of banded ironstone formations of the Mid West of Western Australia. Our approach (1) defines scale-appropriate restoration targets that meet regulatory compliance (e.g., Government of Western Australia Ministerial Conditions); (2) determines the optimal method to return individual plant species to the restoration landscape; (3) develops a conceptual model for our system, based on existing restoration frameworks, to optimize and facilitate the pathway to the restoration of a vegetation community (e.g., TEC) using diverse research approaches; and (4) develops an assessment protocol to compare restoration achievements against the expected regulatory outcomes using our experimental restoration trials as a test example. Our approach systematically addressed the complex challenges in setting and achieving restoration targets for an entire vegetation community, a first for a semiarid environment. We interpret our approach as an industry application relevant to policy- or regulator-mediated mine restoration programs that seek to return biodiverse species assemblages at landscape scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Elliott
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - L. E. Commander
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - L. Merino‐Martín
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Present address:
Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánicaESCET, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadridSpain
| | - P. J. Golos
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - J. Stevens
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - B. P. Miller
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Uden L, Abkur T, Gollins C, Stevens J. The value of systemic examination in the diagnosis of POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, Skin disease). QJM 2022; 115:553-554. [PMID: 35511167 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Uden
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - T Abkur
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - C Gollins
- Department of Dermatology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J Stevens
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
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14
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Chalifour L, Holt C, Camaclang AE, Bradford MJ, Dixon R, Finn RJR, Hemming V, Hinch SG, Levings CD, MacDuffee M, Nishimura DJH, Pearson M, Reynolds JD, Scott DC, Spremberg U, Stark S, Stevens J, Baum JK, Martin TG. Identifying a pathway towards recovery for depleted wild Pacific salmon populations in a large watershed under multiple stressors. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Chalifour
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Cassandra Holt
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Abbey E. Camaclang
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael J. Bradford
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Science Enterprise Centre West Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ross Dixon
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - Riley J. R. Finn
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Victoria Hemming
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Colin D. Levings
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Misty MacDuffee
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - Derek J. H. Nishimura
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fish and Fish Habitat Protection Program, Integrated Planning Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - John D. Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - David C. Scott
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Uwe Spremberg
- Lower Fraser Fisheries Alliance Abbotsford British Columbia Canada
| | - Steven Stark
- Tsawwassen Shuttles Incorporated Tsawwassen British Columbia Canada
| | - John Stevens
- United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union and T. Buck Suzuki Environmental Foundation Prince Rupert British Columbia Canada
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Tara G. Martin
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Elzeiny H, Agtesta F, Cattrall F, Stevens J, Gardner D. P-003 Sperm retrieved by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE) is associated with altered sex ratio of offspring after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does the sperm retrieved surgically by MD-TESE of men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia affect the live birth sex ratio?
Summary answer
Our data indicates that sperm retrieved in men with non-obstructive azoospermia alters the sex ratio in favor of female offspring.
What is known already
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia is the most severe form of male infertility and is the most common cause of Azoospermia. Among the different surgical techniques, MD-TESE gives the highest rate of sperm retrieval and when combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), live births had been achieved with variable success, Sex ratio of offspring can vary substantially due to several variables, however no studies have investigated the resultant birth sex ratio in this setting.
Study design, size, duration
Retrospective Cohort study. Data were collected between May 2009 and December 2019. A total of 100 consecutive men with non-obstructive Azoospermia underwent MD-TESE for sperm retrieval. 46 couples underwent ICSI and live birth rate, cumulative live birth rate and sex ratio of offspring analysed.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
One-hundred men underwent MD-TESE out of which 46 proceeded with ICSI. Demographic data including male and female age, testicular volumes and serum hormone values are given as mean ± SD with a range (minimum and maximum). Fertility outcomes including sperm retrieval, fertilization rate, number of embryos transferred, and live birth rates and cumulative live birth rates were recorded. Chi-square test was performed to compare the proportions.
Main results and the role of chance
Sperm retrieval was successful in 58%(58/100). Testicular volume and hormonal parameters did not vary among patients with positive or negative sperm retrieval. Histology gave best correlation with sperm retrieval. Hypospermatogenesis yielded the highest sperm retrieval 93%(26/29), followed by Maturation arrest 78%(7/9), then Hyalinosis 46% (6/13) and lastly Sertoli cell only 38%(19/50). 46 couples underwent ICSI cycles where the mean age of patients and their wives were 36.4 ± 3.7y and 33.0 ± 4.3y. Fertilization rate and mean number of transferred embryos were 51.4 % and 1.7. Live birth rate and Cumulative Live Birth rate per Embryo transfer were 60.5% (26/43) and 74.4% (32/43) and per started ICSI cycle were 56.5% (26/46) and 69.6% (32/46), with a twin rate of 15.3%(4/26). Mean gestational length and mean body weight at birth were 39.0 ± 1.4w and 3228.5 ± 5.5 g. Number of live offspring were 36 (Female: Male = 26:10) giving rise to sex ratio of 2.6 to1 in favor of female offspring (P < 0.05). There were no neonatal death, and one baby had phenylketonuria.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is the first study to test the hypothesis of sex ratio variation related to the source of sperm; the strength of our study is that all procedures were performed by the same surgeon, so there are no operator-dependent differences. This finding needs to be confirmed in larger cohort studies.
Wider implications of the findings
It has been demonstrated that different stressors may alter the sex of the offspring. While in the present study the stressor is the parental hypogonadism associated with non-obstructive azoospermia, We hypothesise that testicular environment may direct spermatogenesis in favor of X carrying sperm around the time of sperm retrieval.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elzeiny
- Melbourne IVF , East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Reproductive Services Unit , Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Agtesta
- Melbourne IVF , East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Cattrall
- Melbourne IVF , East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- Melbourne IVF , East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D.K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF , East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSience , Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Stevens J, Morgan B, Willow F, Egger G. Shared Medical Appointments in Weight Management: A Culturally Responsive Process for Aboriginal Women. Translational Trial Results. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221088246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents a secondary analysis of data from a study of 216 people participating in a trial of program shared medical appointments (PSMA) in weight management. The focus of this paper is the Aboriginal women who participated in this translational research project and who were not reported on specifically in the primary analysis and publication. This paper, therefore, examines the use of PSMA as a culturally safe and responsive procedure to facilitate weight management. Method: Twogroups, totalling 25 Aboriginal women, participated in a 6-session 12-week culturally responsive weight management PSMA. Repeated weight and satisfaction measures at 3, 6 and 12 months were collected. Results: 19 of 25 (76%) Aboriginal women completed the MYU. 16 (84%) lost some weight, and 5 (26%) lost clinically significant weight (> 5%), sustained for 1 year. The participants and providers rated the procedure > 4 on 5-point Likert scales for satisfaction. 95% reported that they preferred MYUs for weight management over 1:1 consultations with their general practitioner. Conclusion: The data indicates that programmed shared medical appointments appear to be a culturally safe and responsive procedure to support the Aboriginal women, in this study, to manage their weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stevens
- Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia; and Board Member, Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM)
| | - Bob Morgan
- Chair, Board of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research; and Professor, University of Newcastle, Wollotuka Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Garry Egger
- Adjunct Professor, School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia; and Board Member, Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM); and Director Centre for Health Promotion and Research
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17
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Allen M, Hale L, Lantsberg D, Kieu V, Stevens J, Stern C, Gardner DK, Mizrachi Y. Post-warming embryo morphology is associated with live birth: a cohort study of single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:417-425. [PMID: 35043277 PMCID: PMC8956752 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to examine whether blastocyst morphology post-warming correlates with live birth. Methods In this cohort study, morphological characteristics post-warming were reviewed in all single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles performed between November 2016 and May 2017. Immediately before transfer, the degree of blastocoel re-expansion was graded as A, fully expanded; B, partially expanded ≥ 50%; C, partially expanded < 50%; and D, collapsed. The degree of post-warming cell survival was graded on a scale of 50 to 100% and was then classified into 4 groups: very low 50–70%, low 71–80%, moderate 81–90%, and high 91–100%. Results Overall, 612 cycles were reviewed, of which 196 included PGT-A tested embryos. The live birth rate (LBR) increased from 11.4% in the collapsed blastocysts group to 38.9% in the post-warming full re-expansion group (p < 0.001) and from 6.5% for blastocysts with a very low cell survival rate to 34.7% for blastocysts with high cell survival rate (p = 0.001). LBR was 6.7% for blastocysts with the worst post-warming morphological characteristics, namely, collapsed with very low cell survival rate. On multivariate analyses, partial blastocyst re-expansion ≥ 50%, full re-expansion, and high cell survival rate remained significantly associated with live birth, after controlling for female age, pre-vitrification morphological grading, and PGT-A. A sub-analysis of cycles using PGT-A tested embryos showed similar results. Conclusion Post-warming re-expansion and high cell survival rate are associated with higher LBR in euploid and untested blastocysts. However, embryos with poor post-warming morphology still demonstrate a considerable probability of live birth, and they should not be discarded. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-021-02390-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Lantsberg
- Reproductive Services Unit, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Violet Kieu
- Reproductive Services Unit, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Catharyn Stern
- Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Reproductive Services Unit, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yossi Mizrachi
- Reproductive Services Unit, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Brokus C, Kattakuzhy S, Gayle B, Narayanan S, Davis A, Cover A, Eyasu R, Ebah E, Ogbumbadiugha-Weekes O, Hoffmann J, Silk R, Stevens J, Mount J, Gannon C, Nussdorf L, Mathur P, Bijole P, Jones M, Kier R, Sternberg D, Greenblatt A, Weintraub E, Masur H, Kottilil S, Rosenthal E. Suboptimal uptake, retention, and adherence of daily oral PrEP among people with OUD receiving HCV treatment. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 9:ofab658. [PMID: 35187191 PMCID: PMC8849288 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) prevents human immunodeficiency (HIV) among people who inject drugs (PWID). Despite rising HIV incidence and injection drug use (IDU), PrEP use remains low and there is limited research about uptake, adherence, and retention among PWID. Methods The ANCHOR investigation evaluated a community-based care model collocating hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), and PrEP in individuals in Washington, DC, and Baltimore, Maryland. PrEP counseling was conducted from HCV treatment day 0 until week 24. Subjects could start any time during this window, were followed for 48 weeks, and were assessed for adherence by self-report and dried blood spot TDF analysis. Results One hundred ninety-eight participants were enrolled, of whom 185 (93%) were HIV negative. Twenty-nine individuals (15.7% of HIV-negative cohort) initiated PrEP. One hundred sixteen participants (62.7%) met 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PrEP criteria due to IDU (82 [44.3%]), sex (9 [4.9%]), or both practices (25 [13.5%]). Providers recommended PrEP to 94 individuals (50.8%), and recommendation was associated with PrEP uptake. Median treatment duration was 104 days (interquartile range, 28–276 days), with 8 participants retained through week 48. Adherence was variable over time by self-report and declined by TDF analysis. No HIV seroconversions occurred. Conclusions This cohort of people with HCV and OUD experienced low uptake of PrEP despite the majority meeting CDC criteria. High rates of disruption and discontinuation, compounded by variable adherence, made TDF/FTC a suboptimal prevention strategy. Emerging modalities like long-acting formulations may address these barriers, but PWID have been excluded from their development to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brokus
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S Kattakuzhy
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - B Gayle
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - A Davis
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - A Cover
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R Eyasu
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - E Ebah
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - O Ogbumbadiugha-Weekes
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J Hoffmann
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R Silk
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J Stevens
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J Mount
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Gannon
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L Nussdorf
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
| | - P Mathur
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - P Bijole
- HIPS, org, Washington, DC, United States
| | - M Jones
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R Kier
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D Sternberg
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - A Greenblatt
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - E Weintraub
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - H Masur
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - S Kottilil
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - E Rosenthal
- DC Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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McKay R, Jackson K, Stevens J. Implementing recovery-oriented practice in older people. AUST HEALTH REV 2021; 46:426-431. [PMID: 34809748 DOI: 10.1071/ah21155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Personal recovery is central to Australian mental health standards, but promoting recovery-oriented practice remains a wicked problem (ie complex, with definitions and appropriate interventions impacted upon by context and values), with limited evidence regarding effective implementation. This case study re-examines a statewide initiative to enhance recovery-oriented practice in older people's mental health services in New South Wales from the perspective of complex adaptive systems. The initiative consisted of three key strategies: (1) statewide collaborative leadership and practice resources; (2) locally determined and led improvement projects; and (3) evaluating, disseminating and sustaining initiative outcomes. Published outcomes of the initiative, related policy and benchmarking materials and author reflections are used to propose lessons for other services and policy makers. From a systems perspective, a relatively small investment from a state policy unit to enhance a facilitating environment resulted in the emergence of local leaders and voluntary participation of services within 80% of local health districts without funding incentives. Local leaders and activities informed statewide policies and models of care to sustain practice change. Limitations included variability in project scopes and the involvement of people with lived experience, as well as the level of refinement in change management approach. Self-audit and consumer-rated experience suggest resilience of practice and culture change. The outcomes are consistent with conceptualisations of mental health services being complex adaptive systems requiring distributive leadership. Established mechanisms encouraging statewide cooperation between clinicians, service managers and policy makers may have been significant facilitators of engagement in practice change.What is known about this topic?Recovery remains an important concept for older people with mental ill health, with implementation of recovery-oriented practice a wicked problem.What does this paper add?Central policy investment in a collaborative facilitatory environment can stimulate the emergence of local leadership and investment in actions to enhance recovery orientation. As predicted by complex adaptive systems theory, the impact of the leaders developed may be broader than the sum of individual project outcomes.What are the implications for practitioners?A start where you can message can engage and enable leaders in feasible and locally relevant changes consistent with a statewide strategy. This may be a feasible approach to improving recovery orientation in mental health care services for and beyond older people, with potential implications for addressing other wicked problems in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick McKay
- Health Education and Training Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and The University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mental Health Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; ; and Corresponding author
| | - Kate Jackson
- Mental Health Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ;
| | - John Stevens
- Mental Health Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ;
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20
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Sieunarine A, Lloyd-Evans J, Stevens J. P.67 A review of fluid balance documentation in high-risk obstetric women on our maternal high dependency unit. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Awadalla R, Liu S, Kemp-Casey A, Gnjidic D, Patanwala A, Stevens J, Begley D, Bugeja B, Penm J. Impact of an Australian/New Zealand organisational position statement on extended-release opioid prescribing among surgical inpatients: a dual centre before-and-after study. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:1607-1615. [PMID: 33954980 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extended-release opioids are often prescribed to manage postoperative pain despite being difficult to titrate to analgesic requirements and their association with long-term opioid use. An Australian/New Zealand organisational position statement released in March 2018 recommended avoiding extended-release opioid prescribing for acute pain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of this organisational position statement on extended-release opioid prescribing among surgical inpatients. Secondary objectives included predictors and clinical outcomes of prescribing extended-release opioids among surgical inpatients. We conducted a retrospective, dual centre, 11-month before-and-after study and time-series analysis by utilising electronic medical records from two teaching hospitals in Sydney, Australia. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients prescribed an extended-release opioid. For surgical patients prescribed any opioid (n = 16,284), extended-release opioid prescribing decreased after the release of the position statement (38.4% before vs. 26.6% after, p < 0.001), primarily driven by a reduction in extended-release oxycodone (31.1% before vs. 14.1% after, p < 0.001). There was a 23% immediate decline in extended-release opioid prescribing after the position statement release (p < 0.001), followed by an additional 0.2% decline per month in the following months. Multivariable regression showed that the release of the position statement was associated with a decrease in extended-release opioid prescribing (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.50-0.58). Extended-release opioid prescribing was also associated with increased incidence of opioid-related adverse events (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.35-1.71); length of stay (RR 1.44, 95%CI 1.39-1.51); and 28-day re-admission (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.12-1.41). Overall, a reduction in extended-release opioid prescribing was observed in surgical inpatients following position statement release.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Awadalla
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - A Kemp-Casey
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D Gnjidic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Patanwala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Stevens
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Begley
- Department of Pain Management, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - B Bugeja
- Department of Pain Management, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - J Penm
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Egger G, Binns A, Morgan B, Stevens J. Adverse Childhood Experiences as “Upstream” Determinants of Lifestyle-Related Chronic Disease: A Scoping Perspective. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 16:717-722. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276211001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed a list of determinants (causes) of modern lifestyle-related chronic disorders, which provides a structure for the emerging discipline of lifestyle medicine. This consists of lifestyle factors with a common immune biomarker ( metaflammation) that interact in a systems fashion linked with chronic disease outcomes. We considered this to be a work in progress and later added 3 psychosocial determinants into the causal mix: meaninglessness, alienation, and loss of culture and identity (MAL). Here, we propose adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as deeper, or even more distal, disease drivers that may act directly or indirectly through MAL to influence later chronic disease. The links with metaflammation and the need for recognition of these embedded scars in the management of lifestyle-related health problems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Promotion and Research, Fairlight, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Binns
- Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bob Morgan
- Board of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research and Wollotuka Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia (BM)
| | - John Stevens
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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23
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Hughes HJJ, Stevens J. Initial naval officer training: enhancing physical preparedness through an improved joining instruction process. BMJ Mil Health 2021; 168:239-240. [PMID: 33542141 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Stevens
- 42 Commando RM, Bickleigh Barracks, Plymouth, UK
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24
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Harnan S, Tappenden P, Cooper K, Stevens J, Bessey A, Rafia R, Ward S, Wong R, Stein RC, Brown J. Tumour profiling tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in early breast cancer: a systematic review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-328. [PMID: 31264581 DOI: 10.3310/hta23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer and its treatment can have an impact on health-related quality of life and survival. Tumour profiling tests aim to identify whether or not women need chemotherapy owing to their risk of relapse. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the tumour profiling tests oncotype DX® (Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA), MammaPrint® (Agendia, Inc., Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Prosigna® (NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), EndoPredict® (Myriad Genetics Ltd, London, UK) and immunohistochemistry 4 (IHC4). To develop a health economic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of these tests compared with clinical tools to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services. DESIGN A systematic review and health economic analysis were conducted. REVIEW METHODS The systematic review was partially an update of a 2013 review. Nine databases were searched in February 2017. The review included studies assessing clinical effectiveness in people with oestrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, stage I or II cancer with zero to three positive lymph nodes. The economic analysis included a review of existing analyses and the development of a de novo model. RESULTS A total of 153 studies were identified. Only one completed randomised controlled trial (RCT) using a tumour profiling test in clinical practice was identified: Microarray In Node-negative Disease may Avoid ChemoTherapy (MINDACT) for MammaPrint. Other studies suggest that all the tests can provide information on the risk of relapse; however, results were more varied in lymph node-positive (LN+) patients than in lymph node-negative (LN0) patients. There is limited and varying evidence that oncotype DX and MammaPrint can predict benefit from chemotherapy. The net change in the percentage of patients with a chemotherapy recommendation or decision pre/post test ranged from an increase of 1% to a decrease of 23% among UK studies and a decrease of 0% to 64% across European studies. The health economic analysis suggests that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the tests versus current practice are broadly favourable for the following scenarios: (1) oncotype DX, for the LN0 subgroup with a Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) of > 3.4 and the one to three positive lymph nodes (LN1-3) subgroup (if a predictive benefit is assumed); (2) IHC4 plus clinical factors (IHC4+C), for all patient subgroups; (3) Prosigna, for the LN0 subgroup with a NPI of > 3.4 and the LN1-3 subgroup; (4) EndoPredict Clinical, for the LN1-3 subgroup only; and (5) MammaPrint, for no subgroups. LIMITATIONS There was only one completed RCT using a tumour profiling test in clinical practice. Except for oncotype DX in the LN0 group with a NPI score of > 3.4 (clinical intermediate risk), evidence surrounding pre- and post-test chemotherapy probabilities is subject to considerable uncertainty. There is uncertainty regarding whether or not oncotype DX and MammaPrint are predictive of chemotherapy benefit. The MammaPrint analysis uses a different data source to the other four tests. The Translational substudy of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (TransATAC) study (used in the economic modelling) has a number of limitations. CONCLUSIONS The review suggests that all the tests can provide prognostic information on the risk of relapse; results were more varied in LN+ patients than in LN0 patients. There is limited and varying evidence that oncotype DX and MammaPrint are predictive of chemotherapy benefit. Health economic analyses indicate that some tests may have a favourable cost-effectiveness profile for certain patient subgroups; all estimates are subject to uncertainty. More evidence is needed on the prediction of chemotherapy benefit, long-term impacts and changes in UK pre-/post-chemotherapy decisions. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017059561. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Harnan
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Tappenden
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katy Cooper
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alice Bessey
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachid Rafia
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue Ward
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert C Stein
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Research Department of Oncology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Birrell F, Lawson R, Sumego M, Lewis J, Harden A, Taveira T, Stevens J, Manson A, Pepper L, Ickovics J. Virtual group consultations offer continuity of care globally during Covid-19. Lifestyle Med (Hoboken) 2020; 1:e17. [PMID: 38607797 PMCID: PMC7883187 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 has led to virtual care (mainly telephone consultations) becoming a default worldwide, despite well-documented shortcomings. Published evidence on virtual group consultations is limited, although interest and front-line experience have grown substantially since pandemic onset. Unpublished data are summarised showing feasibility of transitioning care to this model across different countries, care settings and conditions. An international webinar series has supported development and sharing of best practice and representative data on spread and utilisation of virtual groups. This model of care creates time and space for more questions and answers, so once engaged patients become staunch advocates. Group care supports personalised care and lifestyle medicine, which is growing very rapidly. In the current context, even healthcare providers under pressure can implement virtual group consultations. Most virtual group consultations have a facilitator, so this allows roles to be extended and support education of both students and new team members. These can confer greater access, continuity of care, peer support and timely information about Covid-19 and may result in better health outcomes. Given the rapid and widespread implementation of virtual care during this pandemic, data should be shared effectively and methodologically sound observational studies and clinical trials to test safety and effectiveness should be promoted now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Birrell
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal AgeingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of RheumatologyNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustAshingtonUK
| | - Rob Lawson
- President, European Lifestyle Medicine CouncilHaddingtonUK
- Chairman, British Society of Lifestyle Medicine, East LintonUK
| | - Marianne Sumego
- Department of Internal Medicine & GeriatricsCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Jessica Lewis
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Angela Harden
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Tracey Taveira
- College of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - John Stevens
- Department of Health and Human SciencesSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Linda Pepper
- Dean of FacultyDepartment of RheumatologyNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustNorth ShieldsUK
| | - Jeannette Ickovics
- Yale‐NUS CollegeSingapore
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
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Svetnik V, Wang T, Ceesay P, Ceren O, Snyder E, Bliwise D, Budd K, Hutzelmann J, Stevens J, Lines C, Michelson D, Herring W. 0487 Effects of Suvorexant on Sleep Architecture in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Insomnia. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist that enables sleep to occur via competitive antagonism of wake-promoting orexins, improved total sleep time (TST) in a sleep laboratory polysomnography (PSG) study of patients with AD and insomnia. Here we report on the effects of suvorexant on sleep architecture in the study.
Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, 4-week trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02750306). Participants who met diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia (of mild to moderate severity) and insomnia were randomized to suvorexant 10mg (could be increased to 20mg based on clinical response) or matching placebo. Overnight sleep laboratory PSG was performed on 3 nights: screening, baseline, and Night-29 (last night of dosing). Suvorexant differences from placebo in changes-from-baseline at Night-29 for sleep architecture were analyzed as exploratory endpoints.
Results
A total of 274 participants were included in the analysis (suvorexant N=135, placebo N=139). At Night-29, suvorexant improved TST by 28 minutes versus placebo (p=0.001). There were no significant differences between suvorexant and placebo in the % of TST spent in REM (1.3%, 95% CI: -0.5, 3.0), N1 (0.6%, 95% CI: -1.2, 2.5), N2 (-1.0%, 95% CI: -3.2, 1.2), or N3 (-0.6%, 95% CI: -1.8, 0.6). There was no significant difference between suvorexant and placebo in latency to REM (-5.4 minutes, 95% CI: -23.4, 12.7).
Conclusion
Suvorexant improves TST without altering the underlying sleep architecture in AD patients with insomnia.
Support
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - P Ceesay
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - O Ceren
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - E Snyder
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - D Bliwise
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - K Budd
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | | | | | - C Lines
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
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27
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Svetnik V, Wang T, Ceesay P, Snyder E, Ceren O, Bliwise D, Budd K, Hutzelmann J, Stevens J, Lines C, Michelson D, Herring W. 0488 Pilot Evaluation of an Actigraphy Watch Compared to Polysomnography in a Clinical Trial of Suvorexant for Treating Insomnia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, improved total sleep time (TST) in a sleep laboratory polysomnography (PSG) study of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and insomnia. The study included a pilot evaluation of an actigraphy watch for continuously recording patient’s sleep and daytime activity. We report on the utility of the watch for assessing sleep in relation to gold-standard PSG.
Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, 4-week trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02750306). Participants who met diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia and insomnia were randomized to suvorexant 10-20mg or placebo. Overnight sleep laboratory PSG was performed on 3 nights: screening, baseline, and Night-29 (last dose). An actigraphy watch (Garmin vívosmart® HR) was worn continuously by the patient. Separate analyses were performed for PSG and watch. We compared treatment effects on change-from-baseline in PSG-TST at Night-29 and WATCH-TST at Week-4 (average TST per night over Week-4). We also analyzed Night-29 data only with watch data restricted to the PSG recording time.
Results
A total of 274 participants were included in the Night-29 PSG analysis (suvorexant=135, placebo=139) and 223 in the Week-4 watch analysis (suvorexant=113, placebo=110). Suvorexant improved Night-29 PSG-TST by 28 minutes versus placebo (p=0.001) and Week-4 WATCH-TST by 17 minutes versus placebo (p=0.144). In the subgroup who had usable data for both assessments at Night-29 (suvorexant=57, placebo=50), the watch overestimated TST compared to PSG (e.g. placebo baseline scores = 412 minutes for WATCH-TST and 265 minutes for PSG-TST) and underestimated change-from-baseline treatment effects: the suvorexant versus placebo difference was 35 minutes for PSG-TST (p=0.057) and 20 minutes for WATCH-TST (p=0.405).
Conclusion
The watch was less sensitive than PSG for evaluating treatment effects on TST. However, results obtained with the watch were directionally similar to PSG in indicating a benefit of suvorexant versus placebo for improving TST in AD patients with insomnia.
Support
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - P Ceesay
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - E Snyder
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - O Ceren
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - D Bliwise
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - K Budd
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | | | | | - C Lines
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
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28
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Hulin J, Brodie A, Stevens J, Mitchell C. Prevalence of respiratory conditions among people who use illicit opioids: a systematic review. Addiction 2020; 115:832-849. [PMID: 31692109 DOI: 10.1111/add.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are growing concerns over the respiratory health of people who use illicit opioids due to high rates of opioid inhalation and tobacco smoking in this group. This study aimed to summarize the evidence relating illicit opioid use with poor respiratory health. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on the association between illicit opioid use and respiratory health was undertaken in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance (PROSPERO ID = CRD42017059953). Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library databases were undertaken (English language, published January 1980-November 2018). All study designs excluding case studies were considered. Studies were undertaken in community and hospital settings in the United States (n = 23), United Kingdom (n = 7), Australia (n = 7), the Netherlands (n = 2), Canada (n = 2), Ireland (n = 1), Spain (n = 1) and Iran (n = 1). Measurements of respiratory disease, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related symptoms were extracted. Data on respiratory-related deaths and hospital admissions were also extracted. Meta-analysis of prevalence data was undertaken using a random effects meta-analysis model with parameters estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS Meta-analyses estimated prevalence of asthma in people who inject illicit opioids as 8.5% [95% predictive interval (PrI) = 0.2%, 74.0%] and as 20.2% (95% PrI = 4.2%, 59.2%) in people who inhale illicit opioids. Prevalence of COPD in people who inject illicit opioids was estimated as 2.7% (95% PrI = 0.0%, 50.4%) and as 17.9% (95% PrI = 0.6%, 89.5%) in people who inhale illicit opioids. There was evidence of moderate to extreme heterogeneity across studies. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of increased burden of respiratory diseases in people who use illicit opioids. Due to the heterogeneity of study design and samples, it is difficult to gain accurate estimates of the prevalence of respiratory disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Hulin
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arjuna Brodie
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline Mitchell
- Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Egger G, Binns A, Stevens J, Penman S. Lifestyle Medicine in Australia: A Potted History-So Far. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:147-149. [PMID: 32231480 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619840002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle medicine commenced in Australia in response to the rise in chronic diseases following the epidemiological transition that began in the 1980s. Today, it is flourishing with an annual conference, a variety of multidisciplinary members, and a developed pedagogy for the "art-science."
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Binns
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | - John Stevens
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Penman
- Australasian Society for Lifestyle Medicine, Northcote, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Southern Cross University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
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Kearns B, Stevens J, Ren S, Brennan A. How Uncertain is the Survival Extrapolation? A Study of the Impact of Different Parametric Survival Models on Extrapolated Uncertainty About Hazard Functions, Lifetime Mean Survival and Cost Effectiveness. Pharmacoeconomics 2020; 38:193-204. [PMID: 31761997 PMCID: PMC6976548 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-019-00853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The extrapolation of estimated hazard functions can be an important part of cost-effectiveness analyses. Given limited follow-up time in the sample data, it may be expected that the uncertainty in estimates of hazards increases the further into the future they are extrapolated. The objective of this study was to illustrate how the choice of parametric survival model impacts on estimates of uncertainty about extrapolated hazard functions and lifetime mean survival. METHODS We examined seven commonly used parametric survival models and described analytical expressions and approximation methods (delta and multivariate normal) for estimating uncertainty. We illustrate the multivariate normal method using case studies based on four representative hypothetical datasets reflecting hazard functions commonly encountered in clinical practice (constant, increasing, decreasing, or unimodal), along with a hypothetical cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS Depending on the survival model chosen, the uncertainty in extrapolated hazard functions could be constant, increasing or decreasing over time for the case studies. Estimates of uncertainty in mean survival showed a large variation (up to sevenfold) for each case study. The magnitude of uncertainty in estimates of cost effectiveness, as measured using the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained, varied threefold across plausible models. Differences in estimates of uncertainty were observed even when models provided near-identical point estimates. CONCLUSIONS Survival model choice can have a significant impact on estimates of uncertainty of extrapolated hazard functions, mean survival and cost effectiveness, even when point estimates were similar. We provide good practice recommendations for analysts and decision makers, emphasizing the importance of considering the plausibility of estimates of uncertainty in the extrapolated period as a complementary part of the model selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kearns
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Shijie Ren
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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31
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Ee C, de Courten B, Avard N, de Manincor M, Al-Dabbas MA, Hao J, McBride K, Dubois S, White RL, Fleming C, Egger G, Blair A, Stevens J, MacMillan F, Deed G, Grant S, Templeman K, Chang D. Shared Medical Appointments and Mindfulness for Type 2 Diabetes-A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:570777. [PMID: 33123089 PMCID: PMC7573307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.570777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major health concern with significant personal and healthcare system costs. There is growing interest in using shared medical appointments (SMAs) for management of T2DM. We hypothesize that adding mindfulness to SMAs may be beneficial. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of SMAs with mindfulness for T2DM within primary care in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled feasibility study of SMAs within primary care for people with T2DM living in Western Sydney, Australia. People with T2DM, age 21 years and over, with HbA1c > 6.5% or fasting glucose >7.00 mmol/L within the past 3 months were eligible to enroll. The intervention group attended six 2-h programmed SMAs (pSMAs) which were held fortnightly. pSMAs included a structured education program and mindfulness component. The control group received usual care from their healthcare providers. We collected quantitative and qualitative data on acceptability as well as glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and continuous glucose monitoring), lipids, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, self-reported psychological outcomes, quality of life, diet, and physical activity using an ActiGraph accelerometer. RESULTS Over a 2-month period, we enrolled 18 participants (10 females, 8 males) with a mean age of 58 years (standard deviation 9.8). We had 94.4% retention. All participants in the intervention group completed at least four pSMAs. Participants reported that attending pSMAs had been a positive experience that allowed them to accept their diagnosis and empowered them to make changes, which led to beneficial effects including weight loss and better glycemic control. Four pSMA participants found the mindfulness component helpful while two did not. All of the seven participants who contributed to qualitative evaluation reported improved psychosocial wellbeing and found the group setting beneficial. There was a significant difference in total cholesterol levels at 12 weeks between groups (3.86 mmol/L in intervention group vs. 4.15 mmol/L in the control group; p = 0.025) as well as pain intensity levels as measured by the PROMIS-29 (2.11 vs. 2.38; p = 0.034). CONCLUSION pSMAs are feasible and acceptable to people with T2DM and may result in clinical improvement. A follow-up fully-powered randomized controlled trial is warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ACTRN12619000892112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Carolyn Ee, ; Dennis Chang,
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Avard
- Next Practice Health, Erina, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael de Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud A. Al-Dabbas
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Hao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shamieka Dubois
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Lee White
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Catharine Fleming
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Deed
- Mediwell Clinic, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Grant
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Templeman
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Carolyn Ee, ; Dennis Chang,
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32
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Herring W, Ceesay P, Snyder E, Bliwise D, Budd K, Hutzelmann J, Stevens J, Michelson D. A randomized controlled trial of suvorexant for treating insomnia in patients with Alzheimer's disease: effects on objective sleep measures. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Abernethy G, Otter D, Arnold K, Austad J, Christiansen S, Ferreira I, Irvine F, Marsh C, Massom LR, Otter D, Pearce K, Stevens J, Szpylka J, Vyas P, Woollard D, Wu C. Determination of Immunoglobulin G in Bovine Colostrum and Milk Powders, and in Dietary Supplements of Bovine Origin by Protein G Affinity Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.2.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An AOAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate an affinity LC procedure for measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) in selected dairy powders. The powders were extracted with 0.15 M sodium chloride solution and the pH was adjusted to 4.6 to precipitate caseins, which would otherwise lead to an overestimation of IgG. The analyte was then bound to a commercially available Protein G affinity cartridge and selectively eluted with a glycine buffer at pH 2.5. Detection was at 280 nm and quantification was made against a calibration curve prepared from bovine serum IgG. The samples analyzed included the likely matrixes for which this assay will find commercial use, namely, high- and low-protein-content colostrum powders, tablets containing colostrum powder, and some IgG-containing dairy powders; milk protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, and skim milk powder. Eleven laboratories provided data for the study and assayed blind duplicates of six materials. The repeatability RSD values ranged from 2.1 to 4.2 and the reproducibility RSD values ranged from 6.4 to 18.5. The Protein G method with casein removal has adequate reproducibility for measuring IgG in colostrum-derived powders that are traded on the basis of IgG content as a colostral marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Abernethy
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Don Otter
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Dr, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Veres P, Bhat PN, Briggs MS, Cleveland WH, Hamburg R, Hui CM, Mailyan B, Preece RD, Roberts OJ, von Kienlin A, Wilson-Hodge CA, Kocevski D, Arimoto M, Tak D, Asano K, Axelsson M, Barbiellini G, Bissaldi E, Dirirsa FF, Gill R, Granot J, McEnery J, Omodei N, Razzaque S, Piron F, Racusin JL, Thompson DJ, Campana S, Bernardini MG, Kuin NPM, Siegel MH, Cenko SB, O’Brien P, Capalbi M, Daì A, De Pasquale M, Gropp J, Klingler N, Osborne JP, Perri M, Starling RLC, Tagliaferri G, Tohuvavohu A, Ursi A, Tavani M, Cardillo M, Casentini C, Piano G, Evangelista Y, Verrecchia F, Pittori C, Lucarelli F, Bulgarelli A, Parmiggiani N, Anderson GE, Anderson JP, Bernardi G, Bolmer J, Caballero-García MD, Carrasco IM, Castellón A, Segura NC, Castro-Tirado AJ, Cherukuri SV, Cockeram AM, D’Avanzo P, Di Dato A, Diretse R, Fender RP, Fernández-García E, Fynbo JPU, Fruchter AS, Greiner J, Gromadzki M, Heintz KE, Heywood I, van der Horst AJ, Hu YD, Inserra C, Izzo L, Jaiswal V, Jakobsson P, Japelj J, Kankare E, Kann DA, Kouveliotou C, Klose S, Levan AJ, Li XY, Lotti S, Maguire K, Malesani DB, Manulis I, Marongiu M, Martin S, Melandri A, Michałowski MJ, Miller-Jones JCA, Misra K, Moin A, Mooley KP, Nasri S, Nicholl M, Noschese A, Novara G, Pandey SB, Peretti E, del Pulgar CJP, Pérez-Torres MA, Perley DA, Piro L, Ragosta F, Resmi L, Ricci R, Rossi A, Sánchez-Ramírez R, Selsing J, Schulze S, Smartt SJ, Smith IA, Sokolov VV, Stevens J, Tanvir NR, Thöne CC, Tiengo A, Tremou E, Troja E, de Ugarte Postigo A, Valeev AF, Vergani SD, Wieringa M, Woudt PA, Xu D, Yaron O, Young DR. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst. Nature 2019; 575:459-463. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Bell Gorrod H, Kearns B, Stevens J, Thokala P, Labeit A, Latimer N, Tyas D, Sowdani A. A Review of Survival Analysis Methods Used in NICE Technology Appraisals of Cancer Treatments: Consistency, Limitations, and Areas for Improvement. Med Decis Making 2019; 39:899-909. [PMID: 31707911 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x19881967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. In June 2011, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Decision Support Unit published a Technical Support Document (TSD) providing recommendations on survival analysis for NICE technology appraisals (TAs). Survival analysis outputs are influential inputs into economic models estimating the cost-effectiveness of new cancer treatments. Hence, it is important that systematic and justifiable model selection approaches are used. This study investigates the extent to which the TSD recommendations have been followed since its publication. Methods. We reviewed NICE cancer TAs completed between July 2011 and July 2017. Information on survival analyses undertaken and associated critiques for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were extracted from the company submissions, Evidence Review Group (ERG) reports, and final appraisal determination documents. Results. Information was extracted from 58 TAs. Only 4 (7%) followed all TSD recommendations for OS outcomes. The vast majority (91%) compared a range of common parametric models and assessed their fit to the data (86%). Only a minority of TAs included an assessment of the shape of the hazard function (38%) or proportional hazards assumption (40%). Validation of the extrapolated portion of the survival function using external data was attempted in a minority of TAs (40%). Extrapolated survival functions were frequently criticized by ERGs (71%). Conclusions. Survival analysis within NICE TAs remains suboptimal, despite publication of the TSD. Model selection is not undertaken in a systematic way, resulting in inconsistencies between TAs. More attention needs to be given to assessing hazard functions and validation of extrapolated survival functions. Novel methods not described in the TSD have been used, particularly in the context of immuno-oncology, suggesting that an updated TSD may be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bell Gorrod
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Kearns
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Praveen Thokala
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexander Labeit
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Nicholas Latimer
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Tyas
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, Hillingdon, UK
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Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schlenker T, Schoolcraft WB. Reprint of: Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:e81-e84. [PMID: 31623746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Egger G, Stevens J, Volker N, Egger S. Programmed shared medical appointments for weight management in primary care: An exploratory study in translational research. Aust J Gen Pract 2019; 48:681-688. [DOI: 10.31128/ajgp-05-19-4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Egger G, Stevens J, Binns A, Morgan B. Psychosocial Determinants of Chronic Disease: Implications for Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:526-532. [PMID: 31662714 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619845335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a number of "determinants" of chronic disease, using the acronym NASTIE ODOURS. These have been given the collective term "anthropogens," in this journal and other publications, to help direct the management of modern chronic ailments to a monocausal focus, akin to that afforded infectious diseases by the "germ theory." We suggested the acronym NASTIE ODOURS as a starting point for a taxonomy of lifestyle medicine determinants. In the current article, we add 3, less quantifiable, but currently increasingly more important psychosocial experiences to these: Lack of Meaning, Alienation, and Loss of culture, changing the previous acronym to NASTIE MAL ODOURS. As with other determinants, all have accumulating evidence of an underlying low-grade, systemic, inflammatory physiological base ("metaflammation"), but with the need for further research to solidify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE, JS).,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (AB).,Wollotuka Institute, Indigenous Education and Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (BM)
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE, JS).,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (AB).,Wollotuka Institute, Indigenous Education and Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (BM)
| | - Andrew Binns
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE, JS).,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (AB).,Wollotuka Institute, Indigenous Education and Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (BM)
| | - Bob Morgan
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE, JS).,Goonellabah Medical Centre, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (AB).,Wollotuka Institute, Indigenous Education and Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (BM)
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Archer R, Hock E, Hamilton J, Stevens J, Essat M, Poku E, Clowes M, Pandor A, Stevenson M. Assessing prognosis and prediction of treatment response in early rheumatoid arthritis: systematic reviews. Health Technol Assess 2019; 22:1-294. [PMID: 30501821 DOI: 10.3310/hta22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating disease associated with reduced quality of life and substantial costs. It is unclear which tests and assessment tools allow the best assessment of prognosis in people with early RA and whether or not variables predict the response of patients to different drug treatments. OBJECTIVE To systematically review evidence on the use of selected tests and assessment tools in patients with early RA (1) in the evaluation of a prognosis (review 1) and (2) as predictive markers of treatment response (review 2). DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (e.g. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Conference Proceedings; searched to September 2016), registers, key websites, hand-searching of reference lists of included studies and key systematic reviews and contact with experts. STUDY SELECTION Review 1 - primary studies on the development, external validation and impact of clinical prediction models for selected outcomes in adult early RA patients. Review 2 - primary studies on the interaction between selected baseline covariates and treatment (conventional and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) on salient outcomes in adult early RA patients. RESULTS Review 1 - 22 model development studies and one combined model development/external validation study reporting 39 clinical prediction models were included. Five external validation studies evaluating eight clinical prediction models for radiographic joint damage were also included. c-statistics from internal validation ranged from 0.63 to 0.87 for radiographic progression (different definitions, six studies) and 0.78 to 0.82 for the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Predictive performance in external validations varied considerably. Three models [(1) Active controlled Study of Patients receiving Infliximab for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis of Early onset (ASPIRE) C-reactive protein (ASPIRE CRP), (2) ASPIRE erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ASPIRE ESR) and (3) Behandelings Strategie (BeSt)] were externally validated using the same outcome definition in more than one population. Results of the random-effects meta-analysis suggested substantial uncertainty in the expected predictive performance of models in a new sample of patients. Review 2 - 12 studies were identified. Covariates examined included anti-citrullinated protein/peptide anti-body (ACPA) status, smoking status, erosions, rheumatoid factor status, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, swollen joint count (SJC), body mass index and vascularity of synovium on power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Outcomes examined included erosions/radiographic progression, disease activity, physical function and Disease Activity Score-28 remission. There was statistical evidence to suggest that ACPA status, SJC and PDUS status at baseline may be treatment effect modifiers, but not necessarily that they are prognostic of response for all treatments. Most of the results were subject to considerable uncertainty and were not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS The meta-analysis in review 1 was limited by the availability of only a small number of external validation studies. Studies rarely investigated the interaction between predictors and treatment. SUGGESTED RESEARCH PRIORITIES Collaborative research (including the use of individual participant data) is needed to further develop and externally validate the clinical prediction models. The clinical prediction models should be validated with respect to individual treatments. Future assessments of treatment by covariate interactions should follow good statistical practice. CONCLUSIONS Review 1 - uncertainty remains over the optimal prediction model(s) for use in clinical practice. Review 2 - in general, there was insufficient evidence that the effect of treatment depended on baseline characteristics. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016042402. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Archer
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Hock
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean Hamilton
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Munira Essat
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edith Poku
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Clowes
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abdullah Pandor
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Stevenson
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Squires H, Bermejo I, Poku EN, Cooper K, Stevens J, Hamilton J, Wong R, Denniston AK, Pearce I, Quhill FM. Dexamethasone implant for non-infectious uveitis: is it cost-effective? Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103:1639-1644. [PMID: 30745307 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveitis is inflammation inside the eye. The objective of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a dexamethasone implant plus current practice (immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroids) compared with current practice alone, in patients with non-infectious intermediate, posterior or pan-uveitis and to identify areas for future research. METHODS A Markov model was built to estimate the costs and benefits of dexamethasone. Systematic reviews were performed to identify available relevant evidence. Quality of life data from the key randomised-controlled trial (HURON) was used to estimate the interventions' effectiveness compared with the trial's comparator arm (placebo plus limited current practice (LCP)). The analysis took a National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective. Costs were calculated based on standard UK sources. RESULTS The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of one dexamethasone implant compared with LCP is estimated as £19 509 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The factors with the largest impact on the results were rate of blindness and relative proportion of blindness cases avoided by dexamethasone. Using plausible alternative assumptions, dexamethasone could be cost saving or it may be associated with an ICER of £56 329 per QALY gained compared with LCP. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone is estimated to be cost-effective using generally accepted UK thresholds. However, there is substantial uncertainty around these results due to scarcity of evidence. Future research on the following would help provide more reliable estimates: effectiveness of dexamethasone versus current practice (instead of LCP), with subgroup analyses for unilateral and bilateral uveitis, incidence of long-term blindness and effectiveness of dexamethasone in avoiding blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Squires
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iñigo Bermejo
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edith N Poku
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katy Cooper
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean Hamilton
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Sciences (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Pearce
- Clinical Eye Research Centre, St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Paul PA, Salgado JD, Bergstrom G, Bradley CA, Byamukama E, Byrne AM, Chapara V, Cummings JA, Chilvers MI, Dill-Macky R, Friskop A, Kleczewski N, Madden LV, Nagelkirk M, Stevens J, Smith M, Wegulo SN, Wise K, Yabwalo D. Integrated Effects of Genetic Resistance and Prothioconazole + Tebuconazole Application Timing on Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat. Plant Dis 2019; 103:223-237. [PMID: 30484755 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-18-0565-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrated Fusarium head blight (FHB) management programs consisting of different combinations of cultivar resistance class and an application of the fungicide prothioconazole + tebuconazole at or after 50% early anthesis were evaluated for efficacy against FHB incidence (INC; percentage of diseased spikes), index (IND; percentage of diseased spikelets per spike), Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin contamination, grain yield, and test weight (TW) in inoculated field trials conducted in 11 U.S. states in 2014 and 2015. Mean log response ratios and corresponding percent control values for INC, IND, FDK, and DON, and mean differences in yield and TW relative to a nontreated, inoculated susceptible check (S_CK), were estimated through network meta-analyses as measures of efficacy. Results from the analyses were then used to estimate the economic benefit of each management program for a range of grain prices and fungicide applications costs. Management programs consisting of a moderately resistant (MR) cultivar treated with the fungicide were the most efficacious, reducing INC by 60 to 69%, IND by 71 to 76%, FDK by 66 to 72%, and DON by 60 to 64% relative to S_CK, compared with 56 to 62% for INC, 68 to 72% for IND, 66 to 68% for FDK, and 58 to 61% for DON for programs with a moderately susceptible (MS) cultivar. The least efficacious programs were those with a fungicide application to a susceptible (S) cultivar, with less than a 45% reduction of INC, IND, FDK, or DON. All programs were more efficacious under conditions favorable for FHB compared with less favorable conditions, with applications made at 50% early anthesis being of comparable efficacy to those made 2 to 7 days later. Programs with an MS cultivar resulted in the highest mean yield increases relative to S_CK (541 to 753 kg/ha), followed by programs with an S cultivar (386 to 498 kg/ha) and programs with an MR cultivar (250 to 337 kg/ha). Integrated management programs with an MS or MR cultivar treated with the fungicide at or after 50% early anthesis were the most likely to result in a 50 or 75% control of IND, FDK, or DON in a future trial. At a fixed fungicide application cost, these programs were $4 to $319/MT more economically beneficial than corresponding fungicide-only programs, depending on the cultivar and grain price. These findings demonstrate the benefits of combining genetic resistance with a prothioconazole + tebuconazole treatment to manage FHB, even if that treatment is applied a few days after 50% early anthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - J D Salgado
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - G Bergstrom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - E Byamukama
- South Dakota State University, Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Sciences, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - A M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - V Chapara
- North Dakota State University, Langdon Research Extension Center, Langdon, ND 58249
| | - J A Cummings
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - R Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - A Friskop
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - N Kleczewski
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19719
| | - L V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - M Nagelkirk
- Michigan State University Extension, Sandusky, MI 48471
| | - J Stevens
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Plant Pathology, NE 68538
| | - M Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, Crookston, MN 56716
| | - S N Wegulo
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Plant Pathology, NE 68538
| | - K Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - D Yabwalo
- South Dakota State University, Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, Brookings, SD 57007
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Abstract
Problematic anger is often the outward manifestation and expression of deeper mental health issues in young men with strong links to depression, aggression, and suicide. Few studies have explored adolescent anger and aggression from the perspective of adolescent males and even fewer studies focus specifically on a rural context. This research aimed to understand the role of anger and aggression from the perspective of Australian rural adolescent males. Mental health nurses can build upon this knowledge to promote more adaptive ways of coping with anger therefore identifying specific interventions for the prevention of violence and promotion of mental health in this cohort. One hundred and eighty-seven rural adolescent males participated in focus groups that were conducted during their participation in the Rock and Water Program (RWP). Participants identified a number of factors they felt contributed to the aggression they both witnessed and experienced with eight themes emerging in response to the research questions. Four themes related to personological factors, that is racism, homophobia, family influences, and media influence. A further four themes related to situational factors, that is alcohol, territorialism, school context, and peer pressure. The study identified that racist and homophobic attitudes and beliefs were evident and clearly contributed to aggressive scripts as did family and media messages that normalized aggressive behaviour by way of endorsing stereotypical images of an aggressive masculinity. Situational factors such as alcohol use, territorialism, school context, and peer pressure were directly linked by participants to aggressive incidents embedded within their notions of masculinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Edwards
- Coffs Harbour Christian Community School, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thea van de Mortel
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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Jones T, Darzi A, Egger G, Ickovics J, Noffsinger E, Ramdas K, Stevens J, Sumego M, Birrell F. PROCESS AND SYSTEMS: A systems approach to embedding group consultations in the NHS. Future Healthc J 2019; 6:8-16. [PMID: 31098579 PMCID: PMC6520080 DOI: 10.7861/futurehosp.6-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Group consultations are an important care option that is -starting to gain traction in the USA and Australia. This review summarises the likely benefits accruing from a systems -approach to implementing group consultations widely in the NHS and other socialised healthcare systems. Existing evidence is mapped to five distinct systems approaches: (1) development; (2) different age groups; (3) patient-centred pathway of care; (4) NHS system changes; and (5) education. Implications are discussed for patients and staff, who both benefit from group consultations once embedded; ranging from improved access and efficiency to more enjoyable multidisciplinary team working, improved resource management, and maintained/better outcomes. Moreover, even patients who don't attend group consultations can benefit from system effects of long-term implementation. Changing behaviour and health systems is challenging, but change requires systematic experimentation and documentation of evidence. We conclude that group consultations have unique potential for delivering system-wide benefits across the NHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Jones
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fraser Birrell
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK
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Stevens J, Trimboli A, Samios P, Steele N, Welch S, Thompson P, Halvorsen C, Kerr S. A sustainable method to reduce postoperative oxycodone discharge prescribing in a metropolitan tertiary referral hospital. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:292-299. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Stevens
- Brian Dwyer Department of Anaesthetics; St Vincent's Public Hospital; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - A. Trimboli
- Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - P. Samios
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - N. Steele
- Brian Dwyer Department of Anaesthetics; St Vincent's Public Hospital; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - S. Welch
- Brian Dwyer Department of Anaesthetics; St Vincent's Public Hospital; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - P. Thompson
- Brian Dwyer Department of Anaesthetics; St Vincent's Public Hospital; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - C. Halvorsen
- Royal Australian Air Force Base; Townsville Health Centre; Currajong QLD Australia
| | - S. Kerr
- Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Biostatistics Centre, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, The Kirby Institute; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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Tappenden P, Carroll C, Stevens J, Simpson E, Thokala P, Wong R, Wright J, Auer R. Ibrutinib for Treating Waldenström's Macroglobulinaemia: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a NICE Single Technology Appraisal. Pharmacoeconomics 2019; 37:7-18. [PMID: 29951793 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-018-0680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of its Single Technology Appraisal (STA) process, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer of ibrutinib (Janssen) to submit evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of ibrutinib for treating Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM). The School of Health and Related Research Technology Assessment Group at the University of Sheffield was commissioned to act as the independent Evidence Review Group (ERG). The ERG produced a critical review of the evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of ibrutinib based on the company's submission to NICE. The clinical evidence was derived from one phase II, single-arm, open-label study of ibrutinib in adult patients with WM who had received at least one prior therapy (Study 1118E) and an indirect comparison using a matched cohort from a retrospective European chart review of patients receiving various treatments for WM. The indirect comparison suggested a hazard ratio for progression-free survival (PFS) of 0.25 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.57). The ERG had concerns regarding the high risk of bias in Study 1118E, the limited generalisability of the study, and the absence of randomised controlled trial evidence. The company's Markov model assessed the cost effectiveness of ibrutinib versus rituximab/chemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) WM from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Services (PSS) over a lifetime horizon. Based on the company's original Patient Access Scheme (PAS), the company's probabilistic model generated an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ibrutinib versus rituximab/chemotherapy of £58,905 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Following a critique of the model, the ERG's preferred analysis, which corrected cost errors and used the observed mortality rate from Study 1118E, generated a probabilistic ICER of £61,219 per QALY gained. Based on this amended model, additional exploratory analyses produced ICERs for ibrutinib that were > £60,000 per QALY gained. Subsequently, the company offered to provide ibrutinib at a price that resulted in ibrutinib being cost effective within the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF). The Committee recommended ibrutinib for use in the CDF as an option for treating WM in adults who have had at least one prior therapy, only if the conditions in the managed access agreement for ibrutinib are followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Wong
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Josh Wright
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Prevot G, Stevens J, Leguay A, Brier T, Meijer J, Aguilaniu B. OPALE accompagnement des patients traités pour une fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique. Rev Mal Respir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.10.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reynolds KR, Stevens J, Cai J, Lewis CE, Choh AC, Czerwinski SA. External Validation of Equations that Use Demographic and Anthropometric Measurements to Predict Percent Body Fat. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:515-525. [PMID: 30574345 PMCID: PMC6298207 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous equation to predict percent body fat using demographics and anthropometrics have been published but external validation of these equations is limited. The objective of this study was to validate published equations that use anthropometrics for prediction of percent body fat using external data. METHODS Data were from the Visceral Fat, Metabolic Rate, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk I (VIM I) Study and the Fels Longitudinal Study (Fels). VIM I was conducted in a subset of subjects from the CARDIA study and included black and white adults 28-40 years (n = 392). Fels consisted of white participants 8-88 years (n = 1,044). Percent body fat assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in these two studies was compared to results calculated using 13 equations from Stevens et al. and nine other published equations. RESULTS In general, the Stevens equations performed better than equations from other studies. For example, equation "I" in women in VIM I, Fels adults, and Fels youth, R2 estimates were 0.765, 0.757 and 0.789, respectively. In men the estimates were 0.702 in VIM I, 0.822 in Fels adults and 0.905 in Fels youth. None of the results from the nine published equations showed R2 this high in corresponding groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that several of the Stevens equations have external validity superior to that of nine other published equations among varying age groups, genders and races.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Reynolds
- Departments of EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUS
| | - J. Stevens
- Departments of EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUS
- Departments of NutritionUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUS
| | - J. Cai
- Departments of BiostatisticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUS
| | - C. E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUS
| | - A. C. Choh
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonBrownsvilleTXUS
| | - S. A. Czerwinski
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonBrownsvilleTXUS
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Korostelev M, Sejean K, Lepage C, Stevens J, Bonan B, Beuzeboc P, Scotté F. Patient reported outcomes: Web-monitoring versus nurse assessment to improve anticancer therapies. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy300.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stevens J, Wyatt C, Brown P, Patel D, Grujic D, Freedman SD. Absorption and Safety With Sustained Use of RELiZORB Evaluation (ASSURE) Study in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Enteral Feeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:527-532. [PMID: 30074573 PMCID: PMC6155360 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic insufficiency (PI) and malabsorption of fats lead to reduced caloric intake, inability to maintain weight, and increased gastrointestinal symptoms. Thus, enteral nutrition (EN) is used in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and poor nutritional status. The current study evaluated safety, tolerability, and improvement of fatty acid (FA) status in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, a marker of long-term FA absorption, with an in-line digestive cartridge (RELiZORB) that hydrolyzes fat in enteral formula. METHODS Patients with CF receiving EN participated in a multicenter, 90-day open-label study during which RELiZORB was used with overnight EN. The primary endpoint was change over time in RBC uptake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)+ eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gastrointestinal symptoms were collected to evaluate safety and tolerability. Several clinical and anthropometric parameters were also assessed throughout the study. RESULTS A total of 36 subjects completed the study with a mean age of 13.8 years, body mass index of 17.7 and 6.2 years mean use of overnight EN. Fat absorption significantly improved as shown by increased RBC levels of DHA+EPA, improved ω-6/ω-3 ratio, and increased plasma levels of DHA+EPA. RELiZORB use was not associated with any unanticipated adverse events. CONCLUSIONS RELiZORB use was found to be safe, well tolerated, and resulted in increased levels of FAs in RBCs and plasma. This is the first prospective study to show EN can improve FA abnormalities in CF. Because improvement in omega-3 levels has been shown to help pulmonary and inflammatory status as well as anthropometric parameters in CF, RELiZORB may have important long-term therapeutic benefits in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dhiren Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Pediatrics Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Steven D. Freedman
- Department of Medicine and Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Stevens J, Khetarpal S. Platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: A review of the literature and proposed treatment protocol. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018; 5:46-51. [PMID: 30809579 PMCID: PMC6374694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder caused by genetic and hormonal factors that are characterized by androgen-related progressive thinning of scalp hair in a defined pattern. By the age of 60 years, 45% of men and 35% of women develop AGA. Currently, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for AGA include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil. Due to the limited number of effective therapies for AGA, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become an effective alternative treatment. PRP is an autologous concentration of platelets in plasma with numerous growth factors that contribute to hair regeneration. The growth factors contained within the alpha granules of platelets act on stem cells in the bulge area of the hair follicles and stimulate the development of new follicles along with neovascularization. PRP has become a promising treatment modality for AGA. Although there have been several studies previously reported, a standard practice for PRP preparation and administration as well as a method to evaluate results have not been established. This literature review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP for AGA and discuss the various treatment protocols that have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevens
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - S Khetarpal
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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