1
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Reyes-Alcaraz A, Qasim H, Merlinsky E, Fox G, Islam T, Medina B, Schwartz RJ, Craft JW, McConnell BK. A Small Molecule That In Vitro Neutralizes Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Most Infectious Variants, Delta, and Omicron. Biomedicines 2023; 11:916. [PMID: 36979895 PMCID: PMC10046252 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need to develop highly potent and safe medications that are complementary to the role of vaccines. Specifically, it has exhibited the need for orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antivirals that are able to be quickly deployed against newly emerging viral pathogens. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and its variants Delta and Omicron are still a major threat to patients of all ages. In this brief report, we describe that the small molecule CD04872SC was able to neutralize SARS-CoV2 infection with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 248 μM. Serendipitously, we also were able to observe that CD04872SC inhibited the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 variants; Delta (EC50 = 152 μM) and Omicron (EC50 = 308 μM). These properties may define CD04872SC as a potential broad-spectrum candidate lead for the development of treatments for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
| | - Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
| | - Elizabeth Merlinsky
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
| | - Glenn Fox
- Rogers State University, 1701 W. Will Rogers Blvd., Claremore, OK 74017, USA
| | - Tasneem Islam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
| | - Bryan Medina
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
| | - Robert J. Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - John W. Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Bradley K. McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (A.R.-A.)
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2
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Hickman A, Koetsier J, Kurtanich T, Nielsen MC, Winn G, Wang Y, Bentebibel SE, Shi L, Punt S, Williams L, Haymaker C, Chesson CB, Fa'ak F, Dominguez A, Jones R, Kuiatse I, Caivano AR, Khounlo S, Warier ND, Marathi U, Market RV, Biediger RJ, Craft JW, Hwu P, Davies MA, Woodside DG, Vanderslice P, Diab A, Overwijk WW, Hailemichael Y. LFA-1 activation enriches tumor-specific T cells in a cold tumor model and synergizes with CTLA-4 blockade. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154152. [PMID: 35552271 PMCID: PMC9246385 DOI: 10.1172/jci154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of CD8+ effector T cells (Teffs) to reach tumor cells is an important aspect of tumor resistance to cancer immunotherapy. The recruitment of these cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is regulated by integrins, a family of adhesion molecules that are expressed on T cells. Here, we show that 7HP349, a small-molecule activator of lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin cell-adhesion receptors, facilitated the preferential localization of tumor-specific T cells to the tumor and improved antitumor response. 7HP349 monotherapy had modest effects on anti–programmed death 1–resistant (anti–PD-1–resistant) tumors, whereas combinatorial treatment with anti–cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (anti–CTLA-4) increased CD8+ Teff intratumoral sequestration and synergized in cooperation with neutrophils in inducing cancer regression. 7HP349 intratumoral CD8+ Teff enrichment activity depended on CXCL12. We analyzed gene expression profiles using RNA from baseline and on treatment tumor samples of 14 melanoma patients. We identified baseline CXCL12 gene expression as possibly improving the likelihood or response to anti–CTLA-4 therapies. Our results provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that LFA-1 activation could convert a T cell–exclusionary TME to a T cell–enriched TME through mechanisms involving cooperation with innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hickman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Joost Koetsier
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Trevin Kurtanich
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Michael C Nielsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Glenn Winn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Leilei Shi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Simone Punt
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Leila Williams
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Charles B Chesson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ana Dominguez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Richard Jones
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Isere Kuiatse
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Amy R Caivano
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sayadeth Khounlo
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - Navin D Warier
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | | | - Robert V Market
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ronald J Biediger
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Darren G Woodside
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - Peter Vanderslice
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, United States of America
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Yared Hailemichael
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
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3
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St Hill LR, Craft JW, Chinwangso P, Tran HV, Marquez MD, Lee TR. Antifouling Coatings Generated from Unsymmetrical Partially Fluorinated Spiroalkanedithiols. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1563-1572. [PMID: 35006665 PMCID: PMC8812961 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
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Biofouling
negatively impacts modern society on a daily basis,
especially with regard to the important industries of medicine, oil,
and shipping. This manuscript describes the preparation and study
of model antifouling coatings generated from the adsorption of unsymmetrical
partially fluorinated spiroalkanedithiols on gold. The antifouling
properties of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) derived from the
spiroalkanedithiols were compared to SAMs derived from analogous monodentate
partially fluorinated and nonfluorinated alkanethiols. The antifouling
properties were evaluated using in situ surface plasmon
resonance spectroscopy (SPR), ex situ electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, and ex situ ellipsometric thickness measurements. The resistance to nonspecific
protein adsorption of the SAMs was evaluated with proteins having
a wide range of properties and applications including protamine, lysozyme,
bovine serum albumin, and fibrinogen. The results from the SPR and
the QCM measurements demonstrated that in most cases, the SAM coatings
derived from the partially fluorinated spiroalkanedithiols having
mixed hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon tail groups exhibited better antifouling
performance when compared to the SAMs derived from their single-component
monodentate counterparts. The studies also revealed that while the
SPR and the QCM measurements in most cases were able to distinguish
the adsorption trends for the SAMs and proteins examined, the ellipsometric
thickness measurements were markedly less discriminating. On the whole,
these studies validate the use of unsymmetrical partially fluorinated
spiroalkanedithiols for generating effective antifouling coatings
on metal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R St Hill
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5001, United States
| | - Pawilai Chinwangso
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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4
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Bakthavatsalam D, Craft JW, Kazansky A, Nguyen N, Bae G, Caivano AR, Gundlach CW, Aslam A, Ali S, Gupta S, Lin SY, Parthiban HD, Vanderslice P, Stephan CC, Woodside DG. Identification of Inhibitors of Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Interactions With Syk. Front Immunol 2021; 11:575085. [PMID: 33488575 PMCID: PMC7819857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte inflammatory responses require integrin cell-adhesion molecule signaling through spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a non-receptor kinase that binds directly to integrin β-chain cytoplasmic domains. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule inhibitors of the Syk-integrin cytoplasmic domain interactions. Screening small molecule compound libraries identified the β-lactam antibiotics cefsulodin and ceftazidime, which inhibited integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic domain binding to the tandem SH2 domains of Syk (IC50 range, 1.02–4.9 µM). Modeling suggested antagonist binding to Syk outside the pITAM binding site. Ceftazidime inhibited integrin signaling via Syk, including inhibition of adhesion-dependent upregulation of interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but did not inhibit ITAM-dependent phosphorylation of Syk mediated by FcγRI signaling. Our results demonstrate a novel means to target Syk independent of its kinase and pITAM binding sites such that integrin signaling via this kinase is abrogated but ITAM-dependent signaling remains intact. As integrin signaling through Syk is essential for leukocyte activation, this may represent a novel approach to target inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Craft
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Kazansky
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Goeun Bae
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy R Caivano
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - C William Gundlach
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Asra Aslam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Safa Ali
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shashikant Gupta
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sophie Y Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hema D Parthiban
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Vanderslice
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clifford C Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren G Woodside
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Abbasgholizadeh R, Zhang H, Craft JW, Bryan RM, Bark SJ, Briggs JM, Fox RO, Agarkov A, Zimmer WE, Gilbertson SR, Schwartz RJ. Discovery of vascular Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitory peptides. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:940-951. [PMID: 31132884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219849581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - John W Craft
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven J Bark
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - James M Briggs
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert O Fox
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Anton Agarkov
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Warren E Zimmer
- 5 Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Scott R Gilbertson
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
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6
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Kurakula K, Koenis DS, Herzik MA, Liu Y, Craft JW, van Loenen PB, Vos M, Tran MK, Versteeg HH, Goumans MJTH, Ruf W, de Vries CJM, Şen M. Structural and cellular mechanisms of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated enhancement of Tissue Factor gene expression, protein half-life, and pro-coagulant activity. Haematologica 2018; 103:1073-1082. [PMID: 29545340 PMCID: PMC6058786 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.183087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue Factor is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed in various cells of the vasculature and is the principal regulator of the blood coagulation cascade and hemostasis. Notably, aberrant expression of Tissue Factor is associated with cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Here, we sought to identify factors that regulate Tissue Factor gene expression and activity. Tissue Factor gene expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including activating protein-1 and nuclear factor-κ B. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is known to modulate the activity of these two transcription factors, and we now show that Pin1 augments Tissue Factor gene expression in both vascular smooth muscle cells and activated endothelial cells via activating protein-1 and nuclear factor-κ B signaling. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic domain of Tissue Factor contains a well-conserved phospho-Ser258-Pro259 amino-acid motif recognized by Pin1. Using co-immunoprecipitation and solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that the WW-domain of Pin1 directly binds the cytoplasmic domain of Tissue Factor. This interaction occurs via the phospho-Ser258-Pro259 sequence in the Tissue Factor cytoplasmic domain and results in increased protein half-life and pro-coagulant activity. Taken together, our results establish Pin1 as an upstream regulator of Tissue Factor-mediated coagulation, thereby opening up new avenues for research into the use of specific Pin1 inhibitors for the treatment of diseases characterized by pathological coagulation, such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Duco S Koenis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A Herzik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pieter B van Loenen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Khang Tran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Şen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Woodside DG, Tanifum EA, Ghaghada KB, Biediger RJ, Caivano AR, Starosolski ZA, Khounlo S, Bhayana S, Abbasi S, Craft JW, Maxwell DS, Patel C, Stupin IV, Bakthavatsalam D, Market RV, Willerson JT, Dixon RAF, Vanderslice P, Annapragada AV. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque at Clinically Relevant Field Strengths (1T) by Targeting the Integrin α4β1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3733. [PMID: 29487319 PMCID: PMC5829217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation drives the degradation of atherosclerotic plaque, yet there are no non-invasive techniques available for imaging overall inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in the coronary arteries. To address this, we have developed a clinically relevant system to image overall inflammatory cell burden in plaque. Here, we describe a targeted contrast agent (THI0567-targeted liposomal-Gd) that is suitable for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and binds with high affinity and selectivity to the integrin α4β1(very late antigen-4, VLA-4), a key integrin involved in recruiting inflammatory cells to atherosclerotic plaques. This liposomal contrast agent has a high T1 relaxivity (~2 × 105 mM-1s-1 on a particle basis) resulting in the ability to image liposomes at a clinically relevant MR field strength. We were able to visualize atherosclerotic plaques in various regions of the aorta in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-/- mice on a 1 Tesla small animal MRI scanner. These enhanced signals corresponded to the accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in the subendothelial layer of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo, whereas non-targeted liposomal nanoparticles did not demonstrate comparable signal enhancement. An inflammatory cell-targeted method that has the specificity and sensitivity to measure the inflammatory burden of a plaque could be used to noninvasively identify patients at risk of an acute ischemic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Woodside
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Eric A Tanifum
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ronald J Biediger
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Amy R Caivano
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zbigniew A Starosolski
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Sayadeth Khounlo
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Saakshi Bhayana
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shahrzad Abbasi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA
| | - David S Maxwell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Institutional Analytics and Informatics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandreshkumar Patel
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Igor V Stupin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | | | - Robert V Market
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - James T Willerson
- Division of Cardiology Research, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A F Dixon
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Vanderslice
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ananth V Annapragada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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8
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Cherubin P, Garcia MC, Curtis D, Britt CBT, Craft JW, Burress H, Berndt C, Reddy S, Guyette J, Zheng T, Huo Q, Quiñones B, Briggs JM, Teter K. Inhibition of Cholera Toxin and Other AB Toxins by Polyphenolic Compounds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166477. [PMID: 27829022 PMCID: PMC5102367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is an AB-type protein toxin that contains a catalytic A1 subunit, an A2 linker, and a cell-binding B homopentamer. The CT holotoxin is released into the extracellular environment, but CTA1 attacks a target within the cytosol of a host cell. We recently reported that grape extract confers substantial resistance to CT. Here, we used a cell culture system to identify twelve individual phenolic compounds from grape extract that inhibit CT. Additional studies determined the mechanism of inhibition for a subset of the compounds: two inhibited CT binding to the cell surface and even stripped CT from the plasma membrane of a target cell; two inhibited the enzymatic activity of CTA1; and four blocked cytosolic toxin activity without directly affecting the enzymatic function of CTA1. Individual polyphenolic compounds from grape extract could also generate cellular resistance to diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A, and ricin. We have thus identified individual toxin inhibitors from grape extract and some of their mechanisms of inhibition against CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cherubin
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria Camila Garcia
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Curtis
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. T. Britt
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - John W. Craft
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen Burress
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chris Berndt
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Srikar Reddy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jessica Guyette
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Qun Huo
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Quiñones
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - James M. Briggs
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
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Craft JW, Shen TW, Brier LM, Briggs JM. Biophysical characteristics of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin structure and chemistry lead to differential toxicity. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:1048-61. [PMID: 25322200 DOI: 10.1021/jp506509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical chemistry of macromolecular complexes confer their functional characteristics. We investigate the mechanisms that make the AB5 holotoxin of Vibrio cholerae (CT) a significantly more pathogenic molecule than the enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT) with which it shares 88% similarity and whose structure is homologous with a backbone RMSD of 0.84 Å and imposes its deleterious effects though the same process to constitutively ADP-ribosylate adenylate cyclase. We present computational data that characterizes the impact of amino acid variations in the A2 tail, which helps to explain experimental data that demonstrate CT's higher toxicity. A hydrophobic patch on the B pentamer interface and its interactions with the A subdomain are partially disrupted by the substitution of an aspartic acid (LT) for glycine in CT. CT's holotoxin has less solvent accessible surface area (94 Å(2) vs 54 Å(2)) and higher contact area (280 Å(2) vs 241 Å(2)) with S228, which is a gatekeeper, partially controlling the diffusion of water into the pore. CT excludes water from the top of the central pore whereas LT allows much more water to interact. These biophysical properties of the toxins lead to their differential toxicity and resulting impact to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5001, United States
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10
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Rababa'h A, Craft JW, Wijaya CS, Atrooz F, Fan Q, Singh S, Guillory AN, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, McConnell BK. Protein kinase A and phosphodiesterase-4D3 binding to coding polymorphisms of cardiac muscle anchoring protein (mAKAP). J Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 23806656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.014.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation is facilitated through its co-localization with its signaling partner by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). mAKAP (muscle-selective AKAP) localizes PKA and its substrates such as phosphodiesterase-4D3 (PDE4D3), ryanodine receptor, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. The genetic role of mAKAP, in modulating PKA/PDE4D3 molecular signaling during cardiac diseases, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of naturally occurring mutations in human mAKAP on PKA and PDE4D3 signaling. We have recently identified potentially important human mAKAP coding non-synonymous polymorphisms located within or near key protein binding sites critical to β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Three mutations (P1400S, S2195F, and L717V) were cloned and transfected into a mammalian cell line for the purpose of comparing whether those substitutions disrupt mAKAP binding to PKA or PDE4D3. Immunoprecipitation study of mAKAP-P1400S, a mutation located in the mAKAP-PDE4D3 binding site, displayed a significant reduction in binding to PDE4D3, with no significant changes in PKA binding or PKA activity. Conversely, mAKAP-S2195F, a mutation located in mAKAP-PP2A binding site, showed significant increase in both binding propensity to PKA and PKA activity. Additionally, mAKAP-L717V, a mutation flanking the mAKAP-spectrin repeat domain, exhibited a significant increase in PKA binding compared to wild type, but there was no change in PKA activity. We also demonstrate specific binding of wild-type mAKAP to PDE4D3. Binding results were demonstrated using immunoprecipitation and confirmed with surface plasmon resonance (Biacore-2000); functional results were demonstrated using activity assays, Ca(2+) measurements, and Western blot. Comparative analysis of the binding responses of mutations to mAKAP could provide important information about how these mutations modulate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Rababa'h
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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11
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Carreño R, Brown WS, Li D, Hernandez JA, Wang Y, Kim TK, Craft JW, Komanduri KV, Radvanyi LG, Hwu P, Molldrem JJ, Legge GB, McIntyre BW, Ma Q. 2E8 binds to the high affinity I-domain in a metal ion-dependent manner: a second generation monoclonal antibody selectively targeting activated LFA-1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32860-32868. [PMID: 20724473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. The metal ion-dependent adhesion site on the I-domain of LFA-1 α(L) subunit is the key recognition site for ligand binding. Upon activation, conformation changes in the I-domain can lead LFA-1 from the low affinity state to the high affinity (HA) state. Using the purified HA I-domain locked by disulfide bonds for immunization, we developed an mAb, 2E8, that specifically binds to cells expressing the HA LFA-1. The surface plasmon resonance analysis has shown that 2E8 only binds to the HA I-domain and that the dissociation constant (K(D)) for HA I-domain is 197 nm. The binding of 2E8 to the HA I-domain is metal ion-dependent, and the affinity decreased as Mn(2+) was replaced sequentially by Mg(2+) and Ca(2+). Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrates that 2E8 inhibits the interaction of HA I-domain and ICAM-1. Furthermore, we found that 2E8 can detect activated LFA-1 on both JY and Jurkat cells using flow cytometry and parallel plate adhesion assay. In addition, 2E8 inhibits JY cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and homotypic aggregation. 2E8 treatment reduces the proliferation of both human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells upon OKT3 stimulation without the impairment of their cytolytic function. Taken together, these data demonstrate that 2E8 is specific for the high affinity form of LFA-1 and that 2E8 inhibits LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions. As a novel activation-specific monoclonal antibody, 2E8 is a potentially useful reagent for blocking high affinity LFA-1 and modulating T cell activation in research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carreño
- From the Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Dan Li
- From the Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jessica A Hernandez
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yang Wang
- From the Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- From the Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Glen B Legge
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | | | - Qing Ma
- From the Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030.
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Sen M, Herzik M, Craft JW, Creath AL, Agrawal S, Ruf W, Legge GB. Spectroscopic Characterization of Successive Phosphorylation of the Tissue Factor Cytoplasmic Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:58-64. [PMID: 20076769 DOI: 10.2174/1874383800903010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is well known for its role during the activation of the coagulation pathway, but it is also critical for tumor biology and inflammation through protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 signaling. This signaling function is modulated by the successive phosphorylation of residues Ser253 and Ser258 within the TF cytoplasmic region (TFCR). This paper reports how we used NMR and spectroscopic methods to investigate the structural propensities of the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of the TFCR. When unphosphorylated, the TFCR forms a local hydrophobic collapse around Trp254 and an electropositive patch from the membrane proximal basic block (Arg246-Lys247) to the conserved PKCalpha consensus residue Lys255. Phosphorylation of Ser253 alters the charge characteristics of this membrane proximal region, thereby strengthening the interaction between residue Ala248 and the Trp254 aromatic group. Phosphorylation of the Ser258-Pro259 motif destabilizes a turn at the C-terminus to form an extended polyproline helical motif. Our data suggests that by changing both its charge and local structural propensity, covalent modifications of the TFCR can potentially regulate its association with the cellular membrane and its signaling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sen
- University of Houston, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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13
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Craft JW, Legge GB. An AMBER/DYANA/MOLMOL phosphorylated amino acid library set and incorporation into NMR structure calculations. J Biomol NMR 2005; 33:15-24. [PMID: 16222554 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-005-1199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein structure determination using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) requires the use of molecular dynamics programs that incorporate both NMR experimental and implicit atomic data. Atomic parameters for each amino acid type are encoded in libraries used by structure calculation programs such as DYANA and AMBER. However, only a few non-standard amino acid library sets are included in these programs or the molecular visualization program MOLMOL. Our laboratory is calculating the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated states of peptides and proteins using NMR methods. To calculate chemically correct structures, we have extended the available molecular libraries for these programs to include the modified amino acids phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 404 HSC, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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