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Goto A, Kambayashi R, Chiba K, Shinozaki M, Moritani K, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Takei Y, Hirasawa A, Sugiyama A. Analyses of the onset mechanisms of cardio-stimulatory action by aciclovir. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:294-300. [PMID: 38485347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardio-stimulatory actions of aciclovir have been considered to primarily depend on the sympathetically-mediated reflex resulting from its hypotensive effect. To further clarify onset mechanisms of the cardio-stimulatory actions, we initially studied them using isoflurane-anesthetized dogs under thorough β1-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) (n = 4). Aciclovir (20 mg/kg/10 min, i.v.) decreased mean arterial blood pressure by 10 mmHg, whereas it increased heart rate by 10 bpm and maximum upstroke velocity of ventricular pressure by 928 mmHg/s, and shortened AH interval by 2 ms, indicating that cardio-stimulatory actions were not totally abolished by β1-adrenoceptor blockade. Then, unknown mechanisms of cardio-stimulatory action were explored. Since aciclovir has a similar chemical structure to theophylline, in silico molecular docking simulation was performed, indicating aciclovir as well as theophylline possesses strong likelihood of interactions with phosphodiesterase 1A, 1C and 3A. Indeed, aciclovir inhibited phosphodiesterase 1A derived from the bovine heart (n = 4), moreover it exerted positive chronotropic action on the atrial tissue preparation of rats along with an increase of tissue cyclic AMP concentration (n = 4). These results indicate that cardio-stimulatory actions of aciclovir could result from not only hypotension-induced, reflex-mediated increase of sympathetic tone but also its inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Koki Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Makoto Shinozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kiryu Moritani
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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Svoradová A, Baláži A, Chrenek P. Effect of selected natural and synthetic substances on rabbit reproduction-A mini review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:622-629. [PMID: 34542913 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous natural and synthetic substances have effects on reproduction through several mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the impact of green tea (GT), yucca schidigera (YS) extract, curcuma longa (CL), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) stimulators on rabbit reproduction performance. To obtain a comprehensive overview of this topic, the keywords "reproduction," "substances," "spermatogenesis," "embryogenesis,"hormonal profil", "green tea", "yucca schidigera" were searched in such databases as WOS and PubMed to obtain relevant information. Spermatozoa profile was positively effected by the GT and YS, however, cAMP inhibitors stimulated spermatozoa motility resulted in positive or negative effects depending on the doses. Similarly, embryogenesis and hormonal profile were positively influenced by the GT, YS, cAMP and IBMX in a proper administration dose. Further research is needed to improve current knowledge about these substances to identify potential effects on the other reproduction parameters. Furthermore, future studies should combine GT, YS and CL with different plant extracts to determine their effects on spermatozoa status, embryogenesis as well as hormonal profile as key outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge about effect of natural and synthetic substances on rabbit reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Svoradová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Baláži
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Chrenek
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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Medina-Chávez DA, Sánchez-Ajofrín I, Peris-Frau P, Maside C, Montoro V, Fernández-Santos R, Garde JJ, Soler AJ. cAMP Modulators before In Vitro Maturation Decrease DNA Damage and Boost Developmental Potential of Sheep Oocytes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2512. [PMID: 34573478 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oocyte in vitro maturation has massive potential for the generation of great numbers of embryos for research and for the application of assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo production. However, the developmental ability of in vitro matured oocytes is lower than those matured in vivo. Here, incubating the oocytes with cAMP modulating agents for two hours before in vitro maturation decreased oocyte DNA damage and increased the number of embryos generated after in vitro fertilization. The present findings could help to develop new methods to improve the quality and developmental potential of in vitro matured oocytes. Abstract To date, the underlying mechanisms by which cAMP modulators act during in vitro maturation to improve oocyte developmental competence are poorly understood. Here, we sought to fill this knowledge gap by evaluating the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin during a culture period of 2 h before in vitro maturation (pre-IVM) on the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation features in essential organelles, cumulus cells activity, and in vitro developmental potential of sheep oocytes. Results showed that pre-IVM treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the DNA damage of mature oocytes (pre-IVM = 2.08% ± 3.51% vs. control = 20.58% ± 3.51%) and increased (p ≤ 0.05) expanded blastocyst rates compared to the control (from the total of oocytes: pre-IVM = 23.89% ± 1.47% vs. control = 18.22% ± 1.47%, and from the cleaved embryos: pre-IVM = 45.16% ± 1.73% vs. control = 32.88% ± 1.73%). Considering that oocytes are highly vulnerable to the accumulation of DNA damage because of exposure to in vitro culture conditions, our results suggest that the modulation of intra-oocyte cAMP levels with forskolin and IBMX before IVM might afford oocytes a more effective DNA repair mechanism to overcome damage obstacles and ultimately improve developmental competence. This previously unappreciated action of cAMP modulators could help to develop improved methods for assisted reproduction technologies in animal and clinical research.
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Lee CD, Choi WS, Choi YG, Kang HS, Lee WT, Kim HJ, Lee JY. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase suppresses allergic lung inflammation by regulating MCP-1 in an OVA-induced asthma murine model with co-exposure to lipopolysaccharide. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520903663. [PMID: 32054359 PMCID: PMC7111082 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Doo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Geon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Tae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Leal GR, Graciosa MAG, Monteiro CAS, Pasolini R, Dos Reis Camargo AJ, Oliveira CS, de Paula Vasconcelos CO, Garcia Nogueira LA, Reis Ferreira AM, Serapião RV. The SPOM-adapted IVM system improves in vitro production of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2020; 158:277-282. [PMID: 33002771 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the effects of an IVM SPOM adaptation (SPOM-adapted IVM) on the production, total number of cells (TNC), apoptosis, and cryotolerance (post-warming survival and cytoskeleton actin integrity) of bovine IVP embryos. Two experiments were conducted with two experimental groups based on IVM treatment: A control group (TCM 199 without FCS) and an SPOM-adapted group (TCM 199 with forskolin and IBMX in pre-IVM and IVM with cilostamide). The first experiment evaluated embryo in vitro production, TNC, and apoptosis rate on D9 of development. In the second experiment, embryos were vitrified/warmed at D7 (control fresh and vitrified; SPOM-adapted fresh and vitrified) and assessed regarding post-warming survival rates and cytoskeleton actin integrity. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad INSTAT software at a significance level of 5%. An increase (p < 0.05) in blastocyst production was observed in the SPOM-adapted group comparing to the control group. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the TNC or apoptosis rate between the groups. Regarding cryopreservation, no differences were found (p > 0.05) in actin integrity or post-warming survival rates between the vitrified groups. In both vitrified groups, we observed a significantly lower uninjured pattern of actin integrity compared to the fresh groups (p < 0.05). We conclude that the SPOM-adapted IVM system is beneficial for blastocyst production and does not affect the quality and cryotolerance of the produced embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ramos Leal
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vital Brazil Filho St., 64, 24230-340, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice Guimarães Graciosa
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO RIO), São Boa Ventura Av., 770, 24120-19, Fonseca, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clara Ana Santos Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vital Brazil Filho St., 64, 24230-340, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Pasolini
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO RIO), São Boa Ventura Av., 770, 24120-19, Fonseca, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Jorge Dos Reis Camargo
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO RIO), São Boa Ventura Av., 770, 24120-19, Fonseca, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clara Slade Oliveira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Santa Monica Experimental Field (LRA-CESM) - Santa Monica Rd., 27640-000, Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Otávio de Paula Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vital Brazil Filho St., 64, 24230-340, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Altamiro Garcia Nogueira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vital Brazil Filho St., 64, 24230-340, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vital Brazil Filho St., 64, 24230-340, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Varella Serapião
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO RIO), São Boa Ventura Av., 770, 24120-19, Fonseca, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Embrapa Gado de Leite, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Santa Monica Experimental Field (LRA-CESM) - Santa Monica Rd., 27640-000, Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fajardo J, Milthorpe BK, Santos J. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Neural Substructure Development during Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Treatment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4867. [PMID: 32660142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are highly important in biology due to their unique innate ability to self-renew and differentiate into other specialised cells. In a neurological context, treating major injuries such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury and stroke is a strong basis for research in this area. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a strong candidate because of their accessibility, compatibility if autologous, high yield and multipotency with a potential to generate neural cells. With the use of small-molecule chemicals, the neural induction of stem cells may occur within minutes or hours. Isobutylmethyl xanthine (IBMX) has been widely used in cocktails to induce neural differentiation. However, the key molecular mechanisms it instigates in the process are largely unknown. In this study we showed that IBMX-treated mesenchymal stem cells induced differentiation within 24 h with the unique expression of several key proteins such as Adapter protein crk, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, DNA topoisomerase 2-beta and Cell division protein kinase 5 (CDK5), vital in linking signalling pathways. Furthermore, the increased expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in treated cells promotes phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and GTPase–Hras interactions. Bioinformatic and pathway analyses revealed upregulation in expression and an increase in the number of proteins with biological ontologies related to neural development and substructure formation. These findings enhance the understanding of the utility of IBMX in MSC neural differentiation and its involvement in neurite substructure development.
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Tscharke M, Kind K, Kelly J, Kleemann D, Len J. The Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Isobutyl-1-Methylxanthine Prevents the Sudden Drop in Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Concentration and Modulates Glucose Metabolism of Equine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes Matured in Vitro. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 91:103112. [PMID: 32684257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous nuclear maturation of mammalian oocytes can occur when physically removed from the ovarian follicle during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM), largely because of a decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration. Modulation of oocyte cAMP during IVM by using phosphodiesterase inhibitors has been shown to maintain elevated oocyte cAMP concentrations and control meiotic resumption of bovine and ovine oocytes. This study determined the effect of inclusion of isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) during collection and the first 12 hours of incubation of equine oocytes on cAMP concentration and glucose metabolism of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Abattoir-derived COCs were collected in aspiration medium with (Asp-IBMX) or without (Asp) IBMX. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were then incubated for 12 hours in IVM medium with (Mat-IBMX) or without (Mat) IBMX, followed by additional 24 hours in Mat medium. The cAMP concentration, glucose consumption, lactate production, and metaphase II rates of the COCs were assessed. Cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated into Asp-IBMX (62.2 ± 2.6 fmol per COC) medium had higher cAMP concentration than Asp (31.8 ± 2.8 fmol per COC) control group (P < .05). Likewise, at 12 hours of IVM, Mat-IBMX group (33.2 ± 2.1 fmol per COC) had higher cAMP concentration than the Mat group (7.68 ± 0.5 fmol per COC; P < .05). Glucose consumption and lactate production were lower during the first 12 hours of incubation in COCs cultured in Mat-IBMX (P < .05). Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine prevented the rapid drop in cAMP concentration and altered metabolism of glucose by the COC. Preventing the sudden drop in cAMP prevents the premature nuclear maturation of in vitro-matured oocytes causing poor developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Tscharke
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Kind
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Kelly
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dave Kleemann
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jose Len
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
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Peng LH, Li Q. Effect of the Stromal Vascular Fraction on Changes in Melanin Formation in B16 Cells Treated by IBMX. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:1381-1386. [PMID: 31372740 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on changes in melanin formation and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells treated by 3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine (IBMX) and to explore the mechanism of SVF-mediated inhibition of pigmentation. METHODS We co-cultured extracted SVFs and B16 cells treated with IBMX in a certain proportion, and the marker molecule HMB-45 was detected by immunochemistry. Melanin content was determined by NaOH lysis. Activity of tyrosinase was measured by the DOPA oxidation method. RESULTS HMB-45 was commonly expressed in B16 cells induced by IBMX. After the addition of SVFs, the expression of HMB-45 decreased significantly and positively correlated with increases in SVFs. After the induction of B16 cells by IBMX, melanin content increased significantly. However, melanin decreased after SVF and B16 co-culturing; the effect was more substantial with the increase and decrease in SVFs, and the activity of tyrosinase decreased. CONCLUSION SVFs inhibit the production of melanin and reduce the activity of tyrosinase, possibly providing a new breakthrough for the treatment of pigment disorders. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Peng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region), Guangzhou, China.
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Soto-Heras S, Paramio MT, Thompson JG. Effect of pre-maturation with C-type natriuretic peptide and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on cumulus-oocyte communication and oocyte developmental competence in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 202:49-57. [PMID: 30772104 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro embryo production depends on oocyte competence, which is acquired during folliculogenesis, involving cytoplasmic and nuclear processes. In vitro maturation (IVM) induces spontaneous resumption of meiosis, preventing full competence acquisition. The incorporation of a pre-IVM phase with supplementation with C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was used with the aim of improving developmental competence of cattle oocytes. In a preliminary experiment, COCs were cultured with increasing CNP concentrations and nuclear stage assessment was performed. Supplementation with both 100 and 200 nM CNP resulted in more germinal vesicle (GV) arrest at 6 h of culture than those in the control group (79.3%, 76.4% and 59.2%, respectively). In a second experiment, use of 100 nM CNP plus 500 μM IBMX resulted in retention of more oocytes in the GV stage (92.0%) at 6 h of culture compared to supplementation with either CNP or IBMX alone (74.8% and 86.7%, respectively). A subsequent assessment of the effect of the pre-IVM system (6-h of culture with CNP plus IBMX), followed by 20-h of IVM, with comparison to the control at 24-h of IVM was performed. Blastocyst development rate was greater after the pre-IVM phase (45.1% compared with 34.5%). The inclusion of the pre-IVM phase also resulted in an enhanced mitochondrial activity in matured oocytes and sustained integrity of transzonal projections for longer after IVM. In conclusion, CNP and IBMX function synergistically to arrest meiosis in cattle oocytes during a pre-IVM phase, which improves cumulus-oocyte communication and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Soto-Heras
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Paramio
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jeremy G Thompson
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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Lee HL, Qadir AS, Park HJ, Chung E, Lee YS, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Kim HJ, Baek JH. cAMP/Protein Kinase A Signaling Inhibits Dlx5 Expression via Activation of CREB and Subsequent C/EBPβ Induction in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3161. [PMID: 30322210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Dlx5 expression is decreased by adipogenic stimuli, but the mechanisms of Dlx5 downregulation by adipogenic stimuli have not yet been determined. Here, we tested the impact of cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) signaling induced by 3-isobutyl-1 methyl xanthine (IBMX), forskolin, and 8-CPT-cAMP on the expression of Dlx5 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Significant downregulation of Dlx5 mRNA expression and protein production levels were observed via cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling. Forced expression of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) was sufficient for downregulation of Dlx5 expression and revealed that CREB functions upstream of C/EBPβ. In addition, C/EBPβ knockdown by siRNA rescued Dlx5 expression in IBMX-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Luciferase assays using a Dlx5-luc-2935 reporter construct demonstrated the requirement of the Dlx5 promoter region, ranging from −774 to −95 bp that contains two putative C/EBPβ binding elements (site-1: −517 to −510 bp and site-2: −164 to −157 bp), in the suppression of Dlx5 transcription. Consequently, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the importance of site-1, but not site-2, in C/EBPβ binding and transcriptional suppression of Dlx5. In conclusion, we elucidated the underling mechanism of Dlx5 downregulation in IBMX-induced adipogenesis. IBMX activated cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling and subsequently upregulated C/EBPβ, which binds to the Dlx5 promoter to suppress Dlx5 transcription.
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Androschuk A, He RX, Weber S, Rosenfelt C, Bolduc FV. Stress Odorant Sensory Response Dysfunction in Drosophila Fragile X Syndrome Mutants. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:242. [PMID: 30135642 PMCID: PMC6092503 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) is present in most patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Silencing expression of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene leads to Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common single gene cause of ID and ASD. Drosophila have a highly conserved FMR1 ortholog, dfmr1. dfmr1 mutants display cognitive and social defects reminiscent of symptoms seen in individuals with FXS. We utilized a robust behavioral assay for sensory processing of the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO) to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of SPD in FXS. Here, we show that dfmr1 mutant flies present significant defects in dSO response. We found that dfmr1 expression in mushroom bodies is required for dSO processing. We also show that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via PKA is activated after exposure to dSO and that several drugs regulating both cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels significantly improved defects in dSO processing in dfmr1 mutant flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaura Androschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard X He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Savannah Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cory Rosenfelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Francois V Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Abdel-Ghani MA, Sakaguchi K, Kanno C, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S, Nagano M. Effects of pre-maturational culture duration on developmental competence of bovine small-sized oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:365-369. [PMID: 29798966 PMCID: PMC6105738 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pre-maturational (pre-IVM) culture on the developmental competence of small-sized bovine oocytes (110 and < 115 µm). Oocytes were cultured with
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 0, 5, or 10 h and subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture. The cleavage rate (73%) of small-sized oocytes with 5
h pre-IVM was higher than those with 0 and 10 h pre-IVM (61 and 62%, respectively). The blastocyst rate (16%) of embryos derived from small-sized oocytes with 5 h pre-IVM was higher than
those with 0 and 10 h pre-IVM (9 and 8%, respectively). In addition, small-sized oocytes with 5 h pre-IVM had a higher mean cell number in blastocysts (134.1 ± 34.8) than those with 0 and 10
h pre-IVM (100.2 ± 17.2 and 107.8 ± 23.7, respectively). In conclusion, the pre-IVM of small-sized oocytes with IBMX for 5 h improved the developmental competence of bovine oocytes, as well
as the quality of blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Abdel-Ghani
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Hothersall JD, Torella R, Humphreys S, Hooley M, Brown A, McMurray G, Nickolls SA. Residues W320 and Y328 within the binding site of the μ-opioid receptor influence opiate ligand bias. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:46-58. [PMID: 28283391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of G protein-biased agonists for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) offers a clear drug discovery rationale for improved analgesia and reduced side-effects of opiate pharmacotherapy. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing ligand bias is limited, which hinders our ability to rationally design biased compounds. We have investigated the role of MOR binding site residues W320 and Y328 in controlling bias, by receptor mutagenesis. The pharmacology of a panel of ligands in a cAMP and a β-arrestin2 assay were compared between the wildtype and mutated receptors, with bias factors calculated by operational analysis using ΔΔlog(τ/KA) values. [3H]diprenorphine competition binding was used to estimate affinity changes. Introducing the mutations W320A and Y328F caused changes in pathway bias, with different patterns of change between ligands. For example, DAMGO increased relative β-arrestin2 activity at the W320A mutant, whilst its β-arrestin2 response was completely lost at Y328F. In contrast, endomorphin-1 gained activity with Y328F but lost activity at W320A, in both pathways. For endomorphin-2 there was a directional shift from cAMP bias at the wildtype towards more β-arrestin2 bias at W320A. We also observe clear uncoupling between mutation-driven changes in function and binding affinity. These findings suggest that the mutations influenced the balance of pathway activation in a ligand-specific manner, thus identifying residues in the MOR binding pocket that govern ligand bias. This increases our understanding of how ligand/receptor binding interactions can be translated into agonist-specific pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Hothersall
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom; Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Rubben Torella
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Humphreys
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Hooley
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Brown
- Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon McMurray
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Nickolls
- Pfizer, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit UK, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
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Smith NC, Fairbridge NA, Pallegar NK, Christian SL. Dynamic upregulation of CD24 in pre-adipocytes promotes adipogenesis. Adipocyte 2015; 4:89-100. [PMID: 26167413 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.985015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of mature adipocytes from pre-adipocytes is a highly regulated process. CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface receptor that has been identified as a critical cell surface marker for identifying pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Here, we examined the role and regulation of CD24 during adipogenesis in vitro. We found that CD24 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated early during adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in murine primary pre-adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous and visceral WAT, followed by downregulation in mature adipocytes. CD24 mRNA expression was found to be dependent on increased transcription due to increased promoter activity in response to activation of a pre-existing transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, either intracellular cAMP or dexamethasone were sufficient to increase expression in pre-adipocytes, while both additively increased CD24 expression. Preventing the increase in CD24 expression, by siRNA-mediated knock-down, resulted in fewer mature lipid-laden adipocytes and decreased expression of mature adipogenic genes. Therefore, conditions experienced during adipogenesis in vitro are sufficient to increase CD24 expression, which is necessary for differentiation. Overall, we conclude that the dynamic upregulation of CD24 actively promotes adipogenesis in vitro.
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Key Words
- 3T3-L1
- ADSC, adipose-derived stem cell
- ActD, actinomycin-D
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- CD24
- CHX, cycloheximide
- Dex, dexamethasone
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- IBMX
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- KRH, krebs-ringer-HEPES bicarbonate buffer
- NCS, newborn calf serum
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- adipogenesis
- adipoq, adiponectin
- dexamethasone
- primary pre-adipocytes
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15
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Buell M, Chitwood JL, Ross PJ. cAMP modulation during sheep in vitro oocyte maturation delays progression of meiosis without affecting oocyte parthenogenetic developmental competence. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 154:16-24. [PMID: 25595334 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Removal of oocytes from their natural inhibitory follicular environment results in spontaneous resumption of meiosis independent of normal signaling events that occur in vivo. Controlling the onset of meiotic resumption via maintenance of elevated oocyte cAMP levels with adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, and subsequent hormone stimulation with follicle FSH has been shown to dramatically improve developmental competence of bovine and murine IVM oocytes. This study evaluated the effect of cAMP modulation during IVM of sheep oocytes on meiotic progression and development to blastocyst after parthenogenetic activation. Changes in oocyte cAMP levels were quantified during the first 2h of in vitro maturation in control or cAMP-modulating medium. No significant changes in intra-oocyte cAMP were observed under control conditions, though a slight and transient drop was noticed at 15 min of maturation. Addition of the AC stimulator Forskolin and the PDE inhibitors IBMX altered the cAMP profile, resulting in 10-fold elevation of cAMP by 15 min and sustained >3-fold elevated levels from 30 to 120 min. The effect of cAMP elevation on meiotic resumption was measured by completion of germinal vesicle breakdown. Modulated oocytes were significantly delayed when compared to control media oocytes. Also, progression to MII was significantly delayed in modulated versus control oocytes at 20 and 24h, though no differences persisted to 28 h. Lastly, when control and modulated oocytes were parthenogenetically activated, no differences in blastocyst formation were observed. Thus, while cAMP modulation delayed meiotic progression, it did not improve developmental competence of sheep IVM oocytes.
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Davies JCB, Bain SC, Kanamarlapudi V. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates endothelin-1-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:406-13. [PMID: 24955982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces lipolysis in adipocytes, where ET-1 chronic exposure results in insulin resistance (IR) through suppression of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 translocation to the plasma membrane and consequently glucose uptake. ARF6 small GTPase, which plays a vital role in cell surface receptors trafficking, has previously been shown to regulate GLUT4 recycling and thereby insulin signalling. ARF6 also plays a role in ET-1 promoted endothelial cell migration. However, ARF6 involvement in ET-1-induced lipolysis in adipocytes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of ARF6 in ET-1-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This was achieved by studying the effect of inhibitors for the activation of ARF6 and other signalling proteins on ET-1 induced lipolysis and ARF6 activation in the adipocytes. Our results indicate that ET-1 induces, through endothelin type A receptor (ETAR), lipolysis, the ARF6 activation and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in adipocytes, further ET-1 stimulated lipolysis is inhibited by the inhibitors of ARF6 activation, ERK phosphorylation and dynamin, which is essential for endocytosis. Our studies also revealed that ARF6 acts upstream of ERK in ET-1-indcued lipolysis. In summary, we determined that ET-1 activation of ETAR signalled through ARF6, which is crucial for lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon C B Davies
- Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen C Bain
- Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Zhang CH, Yu RY, Liu YH, Tu XY, Tu J, Wang YS, Xu GL. Interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:864-872. [PMID: 24361332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin and berberine are important coexisting constituents of the combination of Radix Scutellariae and Rhizoma Coptidis, known as scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC), which has heat clearing and detoxifying effects. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of the combination of baicalin+berberine on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or HepG2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin-resistant adipocytes and hepatocytes models were established. Glucose consumption was assayed to evaluate the effects of berberine, baicalin, and berberine+baicalin on glucose uptake, and the interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or HepG2 cells. Moreover, the effects of baicalin on the dose-effect relationship of berberine for glucose uptake was also evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS The results of the present study demonstrated that berberine increased glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, statistical analyses indicated that baicalin (in doses up to 100μmol/L) produced no obvious effect. The effect of berberine+baicalin on glucose uptake was better than that of berberine or baicalin alone, which indicated that berberine and baicalin had the trend of synergetic effect on glucose uptake. Furthermore, these results showed that the synergistic effect occurred in a specific dose range, while the antagonistic effect was present in another dose range in the presence of 10μmol/L baicalin. Interestingly, the entire dose-response curves of berberine shifted down in the presence of 100μmol/L baicalin, and baicalin antagonised the effect of berberine on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that berberine dose-dependently increased glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Furthermore, interaction of baicalin with berberine was additive at low doses of baicalin and antagonistic at higher baicalin doses. Thus, it is possible that baicalin is a partial agonist. These results provided a basis for the study of the TCM compatibility mechanism and a new insight into the application for Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) or SC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Ri-Yue Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Jun Tu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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18
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Felice JI, Gangoiti MV, Molinuevo MS, McCarthy AD, Cortizo AM. Effects of a metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet on bone metabolism in rats. Metabolism 2014; 63:296-305. [PMID: 24355623 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were: first, to evaluate the possible effects of a fructose rich diet (FRD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) on different aspects of long bone histomorphometry in young male rats; second, to investigate the effects of this diet on bone tissue regeneration; and third, to correlate these morphometric alterations with changes in the osteogenic/adipogenic potential and expression of specific transcription factors, of marrow stromal cells (MSC) isolated from rats with fructose-induced MS. MATERIALS/METHODS MS was induced in rats by treatment with a FRD for 28 days. Halfway through treatment, a parietal wound was made and bone healing was evaluated 14 days later. After treatments, histomorphometric analysis was performed in dissected femoral and parietal bones. MSC were isolated from the femora of control or fructose-treated rats and differentiated either to osteoblasts (evaluated by type 1 collagen, Alkaline phosphatase and extracellular nodule mineralization) or to adipocytes (evaluated by intracellular triglyceride accumulation). Expression of Runx2 and PPARγ was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Fructose-induced MS induced deleterious effects on femoral metaphysis microarchitecture and impaired bone regeneration. Fructose treatment decreased the osteogenic potential of MSC and Runx2 expression. In addition, it increased the adipogenic commitment of MSC and PPARγ expression. CONCLUSIONS Fructose-induced MS is associated with deleterious effects on bone microarchitecture and with a decrease in bone repair. These alterations could be due to a deviation in the adipogenic/osteogenic commitment of MSC, probably by modulation of the Runx2/PPARγ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Felice
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Gangoiti
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Silvina Molinuevo
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat using chemical energy of lipids and glucose, a function induced by cold exposure or diet. The brown adipogenesis is tightly controlled in a coordinated interplay between several transcriptional factors. It is not known what enables and coordinates this robust program of concerted cooperation between the transcriptional factors and co-regulators necessary for the brown adipogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS A. In vivo studies--we investigated the expression levels of miR-27a and b in mice after cold exposure. B. Using gene expression and functional studies together with high throughput imaging in primary preadipocytes, and cell culture models, we investigated the role of miR-27 in beige and brown adipogenesis. C. Using gene silencing and rescue experiments we dissected the molecular mechanisms of the miR-27 action. RESULTS After cold exposure, miR-27 is downregulated in BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT). MiR-27 is also downregulated during brown adipogenesis of primary preadipocytes in vitro, and it directly targets and negatively regulates the essential components of the brown transcriptional network: Prdm16, Pparα, Creb, and in part Pgc1β. Together with its direct effect on Pparγ, and indirect on Pgc1α, mir-27 decreases brown differentiation of cultured cells and of primary SAT preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to miR-27 as a central upstream regulator of the transcriptional network involved in beige and brown adipogenesis after cold exposure, and suggest miR-27 inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases aiming at increasing the beige/brown fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Rd, 169857, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science,Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- University of Geneva, Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; University College London (UCL), Division of Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Tai Z, Lin Y, He Y, Huang J, Guo J, Yang L, Zhang G, Wang F. Luteolin sensitizes the antiproliferative effect of interferon α/β by activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway signaling through protein kinase A-mediated inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:619-28. [PMID: 24333668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New negative regulators of interferon (IFN) signaling, preferably with tissue specificity, are needed to develop therapeutic means to enhance the efficacy of type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and reduce their side effects. We conducted cell-based screening for IFN signaling enhancer and discovered that luteolin, a natural flavonoid, sensitized the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α in hepatoma HepG2 cells and cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Luteolin promoted IFN-β-induced Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway activation by enhancing the phosphorylation of Jak1, Tyk2, and STAT1/2, thereby promoting STAT1 accumulation in the nucleus and endogenous IFN-α-regulated gene expression. Of interest, inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) abolished the effect of IFN-β and luteolin on STAT1 phosphorylation. Luteolin also increased the cAMP-degrading activity of PDE bound with type I interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and decreased the intracellular cAMP level, indicating that luteolin may act on the JAK/STAT pathway via PDE. Protein kinase A (PKA) was found to negatively regulate IFN-β-induced JAK/STAT signaling, and its inhibitory effect was counteracted by luteolin. Pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that type II PKA interacted with IFNAR2 via the receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK-1), and such interaction was inhibited by luteolin. Src homology domain 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) was further found to mediate the inhibitory effect of PKA on the JAK/STAT pathway. These data suggest that PKA/PDE-mediated cAMP signaling, integrated by RACK-1 to IFNAR2, may negatively regulate IFN signaling through SHP-2. Inhibition of this signaling may provide a new way to sensitize the efficacy of IFN-α/β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Tai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junmei Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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Burdyga A, Conant A, Haynes L, Zhang J, Jalink K, Sutton R, Neoptolemos J, Costello E, Tepikin A. cAMP inhibits migration, ruffling and paxillin accumulation in focal adhesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells: effects of PKA and EPAC. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1833:2664-2672. [PMID: 23797058 PMCID: PMC3898478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations result in the inhibition of migration of PANC-1 and other pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell types. The rise of cAMP was accompanied by rapid and reversible cessation of ruffling, by inhibition of focal adhesion turnover and by prominent loss of paxillin from focal adhesions. All these phenomena develop rapidly suggesting that cAMP effectors have a direct influence on the cellular migratory apparatus. The role of two primary cAMP effectors, exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and protein kinase A (PKA), in cAMP-mediated inhibition of PDAC cell migration and migration-associated processes was investigated. Experiments with selective activators of EPAC and PKA demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of cAMP on migration, ruffling, focal adhesion dynamics and paxillin localisation is mediated by PKA, whilst EPAC potentiates migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burdyga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alan Conant
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lee Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kees Jalink
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Cell Biology I, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Alexei Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Velmurugan S, Kapil V, Ghosh SM, Davies S, McKnight A, Aboud Z, Khambata RS, Webb AJ, Poole A, Ahluwalia A. Antiplatelet effects of dietary nitrate in healthy volunteers: involvement of cGMP and influence of sex. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1521-1532. [PMID: 23806384 PMCID: PMC3878381 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of vegetables rich in inorganic nitrate has emerged as an effective method, via the formation of a nitrite intermediate, for acutely elevating vascular NO levels. As such a number of beneficial effects of dietary nitrate ingestion have been demonstrated including the suggestion that platelet reactivity is reduced. In this study we investigated whether inorganic nitrate supplementation might also reduce platelet reactivity in healthy volunteers and have determined the mechanisms involved in the effects seen. We conducted two randomised crossover studies each in 24 (12 of each sex) healthy subjects assessing the acute effects of dietary nitrate (250 ml beetroot juice) or potassium nitrate capsules (KNO3, 8 mmol) vs placebo control on platelet reactivity. Inorganic nitrate ingested either from a dietary source or via supplementation raised circulating nitrate and nitrite levels in both sexes and attenuated ex vivo platelet aggregation responses to ADP and, albeit to a lesser extent, collagen but not epinephrine in male but not female volunteers. These inhibitory effects were associated with a reduced platelet P-selectin expression and elevated platelet cGMP levels. In addition, we show that nitrite reduction to NO occurs at the level of the erythrocyte and not the platelet. In summary, our results demonstrate that inorganic nitrate ingestion, whether via the diet or through supplementation, causes a modest decrease in platelet reactivity in healthy males but not females. Our studies provide strong support for further clinical trials investigating the potential of dietary nitrate as an adjunct to current antiplatelet therapies to prevent atherothrombotic complications. Moreover, our observations highlight a previously unknown sexual dimorphism in platelet reactivity to NO and intimate a greater dependence of males on the NO-soluble guanylate cyclase pathway in limiting thrombotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Velmurugan
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Suborno M Ghosh
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Sheridan Davies
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Andrew McKnight
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Zainab Aboud
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Andrew J Webb
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Alastair Poole
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ.
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Sánchez-Solana B, Li DQ, Kumar R. Cytosolic functions of MORC2 in lipogenesis and adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1843:316-26. [PMID: 24286864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) has been shown to be involved in several nuclear processes, including transcription modulation and DNA damage repair. However, its cytosolic function remains largely unknown. Here, we report an interaction between MORC2 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACLY), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetyl-coA and plays a central role in lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis, and histone acetylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MORC2 promotes ACLY activation in the cytosol of lipogenic breast cancer cells and plays an essential role in lipogenesis, adipogenesis and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytic cells. Consistently, the expression of MORC2 is induced during the process of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation and mouse mammary gland development at a stage of increased lipogenesis. This observation was accompanied by a high ACLY activity. Together, these results demonstrate a cytosolic function of MORC2 in lipogenesis, adipogenic differentiation, and lipid homeostasis by regulating the activity of ACLY.
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Sirenko S, Maltsev VA, Maltseva LA, Yang D, Lukyanenko Y, Vinogradova TM, Jones LR, Lakatta EG. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling protein phosphorylation in a physiologic Ca2+ milieu unleashes a high-power, rhythmic Ca2+ clock in ventricular myocytes: relevance to arrhythmias and bio-pacemaker design. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 66:106-15. [PMID: 24274954 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Basal phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) proteins is high in sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC), which generate partially synchronized, spontaneous, rhythmic, diastolic local Ca(2+) releases (LCRs), but low in ventricular myocytes (VM), which exhibit rare diastolic, stochastic SR-generated Ca(2+) sparks. We tested the hypothesis that in a physiologic Ca(2+) milieu, and independent of increased Ca(2+) influx, an increase in basal phosphorylation of SR Ca(2+) cycling proteins will convert stochastic Ca(2+) sparks into periodic, high-power Ca(2+) signals of the type that drives SANC normal automaticity. We measured phosphorylation of SR-associated proteins, phospholamban (PLB) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), and spontaneous local Ca(2+) release characteristics (LCR) in permeabilized single, rabbit VM in physiologic [Ca(2+)], prior to and during inhibition of protein phosphatase (PP) and phosphodiesterase (PDE), or addition of exogenous cAMP, or in the presence of an antibody (2D12), that specifically inhibits binding of the PLB to SERCA-2. In the absence of the aforementioned perturbations, VM could only generate stochastic local Ca(2+) releases of low power and low amplitude, as assessed by confocal Ca(2+) imaging and spectral analysis. When the kinetics of Ca(2+) pumping into the SR were increased by an increase in PLB phosphorylation (via PDE and PP inhibition or addition of cAMP) or by 2D12, self-organized, "clock-like" local Ca(2+) releases, partially synchronized in space and time (Ca(2+) wavelets), emerged, and the ensemble of these rhythmic local Ca(2+) wavelets generated a periodic high-amplitude Ca(2+) signal. Thus, a Ca(2+) clock is not specific to pacemaker cells, but can also be unleashed in VM when SR Ca(2+) cycling increases and spontaneous local Ca(2+) release becomes partially synchronized. This unleashed Ca(2+) clock that emerges in a physiological Ca(2+) milieu in VM has two faces, however: it can provoke ventricular arrhythmias; or if harnessed, can be an important feature of novel bio-pacemaker designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syevda Sirenko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victor A Maltsev
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larissa A Maltseva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Lukyanenko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatiana M Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larry R Jones
- Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yang JH, Polanowska-Grabowska RK, Smith JS, Shields CW 4th, Saucerman JJ. PKA catalytic subunit compartmentation regulates contractile and hypertrophic responses to β-adrenergic signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:83-93. [PMID: 24225179 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic signaling is spatiotemporally heterogeneous in the cardiac myocyte, conferring exquisite control to sympathetic stimulation. Such heterogeneity drives the formation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling microdomains, which regulate Ca(2+) handling and contractility. Here, we test the hypothesis that the nucleus independently comprises a PKA signaling microdomain regulating myocyte hypertrophy. Spatially-targeted FRET reporters for PKA activity identified slower PKA activation and lower isoproterenol sensitivity in the nucleus (t50=10.6±0.7 min; EC50=89.0 nmol/L) than in the cytosol (t50=3.71±0.25 min; EC50=1.22 nmol/L). These differences were not explained by cAMP or AKAP-based compartmentation. A computational model of cytosolic and nuclear PKA activity was developed and predicted that differences in nuclear PKA dynamics and magnitude are regulated by slow PKA catalytic subunit diffusion, while differences in isoproterenol sensitivity are regulated by nuclear expression of protein kinase inhibitor (PKI). These were validated by FRET and immunofluorescence. The model also predicted differential phosphorylation of PKA substrates regulating cell contractility and hypertrophy. Ca(2+) and cell hypertrophy measurements validated these predictions and identified higher isoproterenol sensitivity for contractile enhancements (EC50=1.84 nmol/L) over cell hypertrophy (EC50=85.9 nmol/L). Over-expression of spatially targeted PKA catalytic subunit to the cytosol or nucleus enhanced contractile and hypertrophic responses, respectively. We conclude that restricted PKA catalytic subunit diffusion is an important PKA compartmentation mechanism and the nucleus comprises a novel PKA signaling microdomain, insulating hypertrophic from contractile β-adrenergic signaling responses.
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26
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Niewiadomski P, Zhujiang A, Youssef M, Waschek JA. Interaction of PACAP with Sonic hedgehog reveals complex regulation of the hedgehog pathway by PKA. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2222-30. [PMID: 23872071 PMCID: PMC3768265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for proliferation of cerebellar granule cell progenitors (cGCPs) and its aberrant activation causes a cerebellar cancer medulloblastoma. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) inhibits Shh-driven proliferation of cGCPs and acts as tumor suppressor in murine medulloblastoma. We show that PACAP blocks canonical Shh signaling by a mechanism that involves activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibition of the translocation of the Shh-dependent transcription factor Gli2 into the primary cilium. PKA is shown to play an essential role in inhibiting gene transcription in the absence of Shh, but global PKA activity levels are found to be a poor predictor of the degree of Shh pathway activation. We propose that the core Shh pathway regulates a small compartmentalized pool of PKA in the vicinity of primary cilia. GPCRs that affect global PKA activity levels, such as the PACAP receptor, cooperate with the canonical Shh signal to regulate Gli protein phosphorylation by PKA. This interaction serves to fine-tune the transcriptional and physiological function of the Shh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Niewiadomski
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Annie Zhujiang
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mary Youssef
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - James A. Waschek
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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27
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Prather PL, FrancisDevaraj F, Dates CR, Greer AK, Bratton SM, Ford BM, Franks LN, Radominska-Pandya A. CB1 and CB2 receptors are novel molecular targets for Tamoxifen and 4OH-Tamoxifen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:339-43. [PMID: 24148245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is classified as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and is used for treatment of patients with ER-positive breast cancer. However, it has been shown that Tam and its cytochrome P450-generated metabolite 4-hydroxy-Tam (4OH-Tam) also exhibit cytotoxic effects in ER-negative breast cancer cells. These observations suggest that Tam and 4OH-Tam can produce cytotoxicity via estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism(s) of action. The molecular targets responsible for the ER-independent effects of Tam and its derivatives are poorly understood. Interestingly, similar to Tam and 4OH-Tam, cannabinoids have also been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in ER-negative breast cancer cells, and estrogen can regulate expression levels of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). Therefore, this study investigated whether CBRs might serve as novel molecular targets for Tam and 4OH-Tam. We report that both compounds bind to CB1 and CB2Rs with moderate affinity (0.9-3 μM). Furthermore, Tam and 4OH-Tam exhibit inverse activity at CB1 and CB2Rs in membrane preparations, reducing basal G-protein activity. Tam and 4OH-Tam also act as CB1/CB2R-inverse agonists to regulate the downstream intracellular effector adenylyl cyclase in intact cells, producing concentration-dependent increases in intracellular cAMP. These results suggest that CBRs are molecular targets for Tam and 4OH-Tam and may contribute to the ER-independent cytotoxic effects reported for these drugs. Importantly, these findings also indicate that Tam and 4OH-Tam might be used as structural scaffolds for development of novel, efficacious, non-toxic cancer drugs acting via CB1 and/or CB2Rs.
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Rababa'h A, Craft JW, Wijaya CS, Atrooz F, Fan Q, Singh S, Guillory AN, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, McConnell BK. Protein kinase A and phosphodiesterase-4D3 binding to coding polymorphisms of cardiac muscle anchoring protein (mAKAP). J Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 23806656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.014.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation is facilitated through its co-localization with its signaling partner by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). mAKAP (muscle-selective AKAP) localizes PKA and its substrates such as phosphodiesterase-4D3 (PDE4D3), ryanodine receptor, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. The genetic role of mAKAP, in modulating PKA/PDE4D3 molecular signaling during cardiac diseases, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of naturally occurring mutations in human mAKAP on PKA and PDE4D3 signaling. We have recently identified potentially important human mAKAP coding non-synonymous polymorphisms located within or near key protein binding sites critical to β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Three mutations (P1400S, S2195F, and L717V) were cloned and transfected into a mammalian cell line for the purpose of comparing whether those substitutions disrupt mAKAP binding to PKA or PDE4D3. Immunoprecipitation study of mAKAP-P1400S, a mutation located in the mAKAP-PDE4D3 binding site, displayed a significant reduction in binding to PDE4D3, with no significant changes in PKA binding or PKA activity. Conversely, mAKAP-S2195F, a mutation located in mAKAP-PP2A binding site, showed significant increase in both binding propensity to PKA and PKA activity. Additionally, mAKAP-L717V, a mutation flanking the mAKAP-spectrin repeat domain, exhibited a significant increase in PKA binding compared to wild type, but there was no change in PKA activity. We also demonstrate specific binding of wild-type mAKAP to PDE4D3. Binding results were demonstrated using immunoprecipitation and confirmed with surface plasmon resonance (Biacore-2000); functional results were demonstrated using activity assays, Ca(2+) measurements, and Western blot. Comparative analysis of the binding responses of mutations to mAKAP could provide important information about how these mutations modulate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Rababa'h
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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29
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Zhou L, Beattie MC, Lin CY, Liu J, Traore K, Papadopoulos V, Zirkin BR, Chen H. Oxidative stress and phthalate-induced down-regulation of steroidogenesis in MA-10 Leydig cells. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:95-101. [PMID: 23969005 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that phthalate exposure can suppress steroidogenesis. However, the affected components of the steroidogenic pathway, and the mechanisms involved, remain uncertain. We show that incubating MA-10 Leydig cells with mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) resulted in reductions in luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated cAMP and progesterone productions. cAMP did not decrease in response to MEHP when the cells were incubated with cholera toxin or forskolin. Incubation of MEHP-treated cells with dibutyryl-cAMP, 22-hydroxycholesterol or pregnenolone inhibited the reductions in progesterone. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in response to MEHP. In cells in which intracellular glutathione was depleted by buthionine sulfoximine pretreatment, the increases in ROS and decreases in progesterone in response to MEHP treatment were exacerbated. These results indicate that MEHP inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis by targeting LH-stimulated cAMP production and cholesterol transport, and that a likely mechanism by which MEHP acts is through increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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30
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Atanasov AG, Wang JN, Gu SP, Bu J, Kramer MP, Baumgartner L, Fakhrudin N, Ladurner A, Malainer C, Vuorinen A, Noha SM, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH. Honokiol: a non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist from nature. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4813-9. [PMID: 23811337 PMCID: PMC3790966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are clinically used to counteract hyperglycemia. However, so far experienced unwanted side effects, such as weight gain, promote the search for new PPARγ activators. Methods We used a combination of in silico, in vitro, cell-based and in vivo models to identify and validate natural products as promising leads for partial novel PPARγ agonists. Results The natural product honokiol from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Magnolia bark was in silico predicted to bind into the PPARγ ligand binding pocket as dimer. Honokiol indeed directly bound to purified PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and acted as partial agonist in a PPARγ-mediated luciferase reporter assay. Honokiol was then directly compared to the clinically used full agonist pioglitazone with regard to stimulation of glucose uptake in adipocytes as well as adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While honokiol stimulated basal glucose uptake to a similar extent as pioglitazone, it did not induce adipogenesis in contrast to pioglitazone. In diabetic KKAy mice oral application of honokiol prevented hyperglycemia and suppressed weight gain. Conclusion We identified honokiol as a partial non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist in vitro which prevented hyperglycemia and weight gain in vivo. General significance This observed activity profile suggests honokiol as promising new pharmaceutical lead or dietary supplement to combat metabolic disease, and provides a molecular explanation for the use of Magnolia in traditional medicine. Honokiol is identified and characterized as novel partial PPARγ agonist from nature. In cell models honokiol increases glucose uptake but is not adipogenic. In KKAy diabetic mice it decreases blood glucose and suppresses weight gain. PPARγ agonism of honokiol may explain the use of Magnolia bark in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jian N. Wang
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shi P. Gu
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Bu
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Matthias P. Kramer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Baumgartner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Malainer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Vuorinen
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan M. Noha
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 43 1 4277 55993; fax: + 43 1 4277 55969.
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31
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Haas M, Ben-Moshe I, Fischer B, Reiser G. Sp-2-propylthio-ATP-α-B and Sp-2-propylthio-ATP-α-B,β-γ-dichloromethylene are novel potent and specific agonists of the human P2Y₁₁ receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:645-55. [PMID: 23810430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human P2Y₁₁ nucleotide receptor mRNA was found in virtually all human tissues, and the receptor serves many physiological roles, such as immune response regulation. The Ala-87-Thr-P2Y₁₁ receptor single nucleotide polymorphism was linked to increased risk for acute myocardial infarction. To facilitate the development of new therapeutic applications involving cells expressing several P2 receptor subtypes, the availability of specific and potent agonists is mandatory. Here, we synthesized a series of novel adenine nucleotide derivatives, based upon the potent P2Y₁₁ receptor agonists AR-C67085. Features of the novel nucleotide derivatives are a propylthio substitution at C2-adenine and a Pα-borano or Pα-thio substitution of non-bridging oxygen atom. The latter substitutions introduce a chiral center at the α-phosphate. Sp-isomers of Pα-borano- and Rp-isomers of Pα-thio-substituted nucleotides are preferred by the P2Y₁₁ receptor. As recently reported by us, diastereoselectivity of the P2Y₁₁ receptor is opposite to that of the P2Y₁ receptor. Therefore, we exploit this characteristic to increase nucleotide selectivity. At the P2Y₁₁ receptor, the Sp-isomers of 2-propylthio-ATP-α-B (2B) and 2-propylthio-ATP-α-B,β-γ-dichloromethylene (4B) were the most potent of the novel nucleotide series, with EC₅₀ values of 0.03 μM for both, being ca. 80-fold more potent than 2-propylthio-ATP and ATP (EC₅₀ = 2.6 μM). We conclude that the borano-substitution at the α-phosphate of 2-propylthio-ATP enhances nucleotide potency at the P2Y₁₁ receptor. The combination with a Pβ-Pγ-dichloromethylene group in 4B results in a nucleotide, which shows higher selectivity for the P2Y₁₁ receptor over the P2Y₁₁ receptor than 2B making it the most promising of the novel P2Y₁₁ receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute for Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Rababa'h A, Craft JW Jr, Wijaya CS, Atrooz F, Fan Q, Singh S, Guillory AN, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, McConnell BK. Protein kinase A and phosphodiesterase-4D3 binding to coding polymorphisms of cardiac muscle anchoring protein (mAKAP). J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3277-88. [PMID: 23806656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation is facilitated through its co-localization with its signaling partner by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). mAKAP (muscle-selective AKAP) localizes PKA and its substrates such as phosphodiesterase-4D3 (PDE4D3), ryanodine receptor, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. The genetic role of mAKAP, in modulating PKA/PDE4D3 molecular signaling during cardiac diseases, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of naturally occurring mutations in human mAKAP on PKA and PDE4D3 signaling. We have recently identified potentially important human mAKAP coding non-synonymous polymorphisms located within or near key protein binding sites critical to β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Three mutations (P1400S, S2195F, and L717V) were cloned and transfected into a mammalian cell line for the purpose of comparing whether those substitutions disrupt mAKAP binding to PKA or PDE4D3. Immunoprecipitation study of mAKAP-P1400S, a mutation located in the mAKAP-PDE4D3 binding site, displayed a significant reduction in binding to PDE4D3, with no significant changes in PKA binding or PKA activity. Conversely, mAKAP-S2195F, a mutation located in mAKAP-PP2A binding site, showed significant increase in both binding propensity to PKA and PKA activity. Additionally, mAKAP-L717V, a mutation flanking the mAKAP-spectrin repeat domain, exhibited a significant increase in PKA binding compared to wild type, but there was no change in PKA activity. We also demonstrate specific binding of wild-type mAKAP to PDE4D3. Binding results were demonstrated using immunoprecipitation and confirmed with surface plasmon resonance (Biacore-2000); functional results were demonstrated using activity assays, Ca(2+) measurements, and Western blot. Comparative analysis of the binding responses of mutations to mAKAP could provide important information about how these mutations modulate signaling.
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Qadir AS, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Insulin suppresses distal-less homeobox 5 expression through the up-regulation of microRNA-124 in 3T3-L1 cells. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2125-34. [PMID: 23648570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is a pro-osteogenic but anti-adipogenic transcription factor that regulates lineage commitment in mesenchymal stem cells. Although the expression of Dlx5 is known to be decreased by adipogenic stimuli, the mechanism of Dlx5 down-regulation has not yet been clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate many biological functions, including cell differentiation. In this study, we examined whether miRNAs are involved in down-regulation of Dlx5 following adipogenic stimuli. We screened candidate miRNAs that have a direct target site in the Dlx5 3'UTR using computational prediction programs, selected seven miRNA candidates with the highest binding score and observed their expression levels in 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocytes. Among the miRNAs examined, only miR-124 was significantly up-regulated by 24-h incubation in adipogenic medium. Among the four components of adipogenic stimuli (1-methy-3-isobutyl xanthine, insulin, indomethacin and dexamethasone), insulin exhibited the highest stimulatory effect on miR-124 expression. Insulin significantly increased the expression of miR-124 precursors including pri-miR-124-1, pri-miR124-2 and pri-miR-124-3. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, prevented the regulatory effect of insulin on the expression levels of miR-124 and Dlx5. Over-expression of a miR-124 mimic decreased the expression of Dlx5 while increasing adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Blocking miR-124 with anti-miR-124, a hairpin inhibitor of miR-124, increased the expression level of Dlx5 and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. When reporter assays were performed with a reporter construct containing the Dlx5 3'UTR sequence downstream of a luciferase gene, miR-124 mimic suppressed, but anti-miR-124 enhanced, luciferase activity in an miR-124 binding site-dependent manner. These results suggest that insulin-induced miR-124 plays a pivotal role in post-transcriptional regulation of Dlx5 during adipogenic differentiation and that miR-124 exerts pro-adipogenic effects by targeting Dlx5, at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S Qadir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, South Korea
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