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Pons-Solé G, Torguet L, Marimon N, Miarnau X, Lázaro E, Vicent A, Luque J. Modeling the Airborne Inoculum of Polystigma amygdalinum to Optimize Fungicide Programs Against Almond Red Leaf Blotch. Plant Dis 2024; 108:737-745. [PMID: 37755415 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1540-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Red leaf blotch (RLB) of almond, caused by the ascomycete Polystigma amygdalinum, is a severe foliar disease endemic in the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East. Airborne ascospores of P. amygdalinum were monitored from 2019 to 2021 in two almond orchards in Lleida, Spain, and a Bayesian beta regression was used to model its seasonal dynamics. The selected model incorporated accumulated degree-days (ADD), ADD considering both vapor pressure deficit and rainfall as fixed effects, and a random effect for the year and location. The performance of the model was evaluated in 2022 to optimize RLB fungicide programs by comparing the use of model predictions and action thresholds with the standard program. Two variants were additionally considered in each program to set the frequency between applications, based on (i) a fixed frequency of 21 days or (ii) specific meteorological criteria (spraying within 7 days after rainfalls greater than 10 mm, with daily mean temperatures between 10 and 20°C, and with a minimum frequency of 21 days between applications). Programs were evaluated in terms of RLB incidence and number of applications. The program based on the model with periodic fungicide applications was similarly effective as the standard program, resulting only in a 2.6% higher RLB incidence but with fewer applications (three to four, compared with seven in the standard program). When setting the frequency between applications by using the meteorological criteria, a higher reduction in the number of applications (two to three) was observed, while RLB incidence increased by roughly 16% in both programs. Therefore, the model developed in this study may represent a valuable tool toward a more sustainable fungicide schedule for the control of almond RLB in northeast Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Pons-Solé
- Sustainable Plant Protection, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Cabrils, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Torguet
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Marimon
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Miarnau
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Lázaro
- Centre de Protecció Vegetal i Biotecnologia, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), E-46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Antonio Vicent
- Centre de Protecció Vegetal i Biotecnologia, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), E-46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Sustainable Plant Protection, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Cabrils, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Rodríguez C, Garcia-Caurel E, Garnatje T, Serra I Ribas M, Luque J, Campos J, Lizana A. Polarimetric observables for the enhanced visualization of plant diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14743. [PMID: 36042370 PMCID: PMC9428171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper highlights the potential of using polarimetric methods for the inspection of plant diseased tissues. We show how depolarizing observables are a suitable tool for the accurate discrimination between healthy and diseased tissues due to the pathogen infection of plant samples. The analysis is conducted on a set of different plant specimens showing various disease symptoms and infection stages. By means of a complete image Mueller polarimeter, we measure the experimental Mueller matrices of the samples, from which we calculate a set of metrics analyzing the depolarization content of the inspected leaves. From calculated metrics, we demonstrate, in a qualitative and quantitative way, how depolarizing information of vegetal tissues leads to the enhancement of image contrast between healthy and diseased tissues, as well as to the revelation of wounded regions which cannot be detected by means of regular visual inspections. Moreover, we also propose a pseudo-colored image method, based on the depolarizing metrics, capable to further enhance the visual image contrast between healthy and diseased regions in plants. The ability of proposed methods to characterize plant diseases (even at early stages of infection) may be of interest for preventing yield losses due to different plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodríguez
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Enrique Garcia-Caurel
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Serra I Ribas
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08348, Cabrils, Spain
| | - Juan Campos
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Lizana
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Beluzán F, Miarnau X, Torguet L, Zazurca L, Abad-Campos P, Luque J, Armengol J. Susceptibility of Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Cultivars to Twig Canker and Shoot Blight Caused by Diaporthe amygdali. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1890-1897. [PMID: 35021872 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1875-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA 'GF-677' rootstock were used in 4-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both types of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark, and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars in both laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all evaluated cultivars to all inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found to be relevant variables explaining cultivar performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Beluzán
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Miarnau
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Torguet
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lourdes Zazurca
- Fruit Production Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad-Campos
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Sustainable Plant Protection, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Cabrefiga J, Pizà D, Vilardell P, Luque J. First Report of Colletotrichum chrysophilum Causing Apple Bitter Rot in Spain. Plant Dis 2022; 106:PDIS07211578PDN. [PMID: 34813710 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1578-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pizà
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, EEABB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Pere Vilardell
- Sustainable Plant Protection, IRTA, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Sustainable Plant Protection, IRTA, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Tiago V, Sousa D, Luque J, Rei MJ, Borrega R, Cabedal M, Raimundo PO. Circumstances of the ambulatory prescription of quinolones in Urology and opportunities for intervention. J Healthc Qual Res 2021; 37:254-262. [PMID: 34862151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMSP) seldom focus on ambulatory prescribing. Our AMSP primarily supervises in-hospital prescribing, but as we aim to include the ambulatory setting, we sought opportunities for intervention on ambulatory quinolone prescription. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected the prescriptions made by urologists during 2018 for analysis, and manually checked them for adequacy. RESULTS We analyzed 237 prescriptions. Of 136 therapeutic prescriptions, 18.4% had no reported diagnosis and 31.6% had no reported symptoms. Most patients (60.3%) did not have any urinalysis or urine culture; among those who had, 27.7% had a urinalysis not suggestive of urinary tract infection and 67.4% had a positive culture, 83.9% of which had a suitable oral alternative to quinolones. Antimicrobial therapy was not indicated in 13.9% of cases; when it was, quinolones were considered inadequate in 67.8% of cases. Incorrect duration was found in 51.1% of cases. Forty-six prescriptions were made for prophylaxis; all of these were considered inadequate. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of inadequate ambulatory quinolone prescriptions in Urology. Many followed incomplete recordings, lack of laboratory use, or inattention to alternatives. Treatment duration and quinolone choice were frequently inadequate. Quinolone prescribing for prophylaxis was always considered inadequate. These prescribing errors could serve as a starting point for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiago
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.
| | - D Sousa
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Luque
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Rei
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Borrega
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cabedal
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Robin N, Gueriau P, Luque J, Jarvis D, Daley AC, Vonk R. The oldest peracarid crustacean reveals a Late Devonian freshwater colonization by isopod relatives. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210226. [PMID: 34129798 PMCID: PMC8205522 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peracarida (e.g. woodlice and side-swimmers) are, together with their sister-group Eucarida (e.g. krill and decapods), the most speciose group of modern crustaceans, suggested to have appeared as early as the Ordovician. While eucarids' incursion onto land consists of mainly freshwater and littoral grounds, some peracarids have evolved fully terrestrial ground-crawling ecologies, inhabiting even our gardens in temperate regions (e.g. pillbugs and sowbugs). Their fossil record extends back to the Carboniferous and consists mainly of marine occurrences. Here, we provide a complete re-analysis of a fossil arthropod-Oxyuropoda-reported in 1908 from the Late Devonian floodplains of Ireland, and left with unresolved systematic affinities despite a century of attempts at identification. Known from a single specimen preserved in two dimensions, we analysed its anatomy using digital microscopy and multispectral macroimaging to enhance the contrast of morphological structures. The new anatomical characters and completeness of Oxyuropoda, together with a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of all major Eumalacostraca groups, indicate that Oxyuropoda is a crown peracarid, part of a clade including amphipods and isopods. As such, Oxyuropoda is the oldest known species Peracarida, and provides evidence that derived peracarids had an incursion into freshwater and terrestrial environments as early as the Famennian, more than 360 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Robin
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23N73K, Ireland
| | - P. Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. Luque
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23N73K, Ireland
| | - A. C. Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Vonk
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Miarnau X, Zazurca L, Torguet L, Zúñiga E, Batlle I, Alegre S, Luque J. Cultivar Susceptibility and Environmental Parameters Affecting Symptom Expression of Red Leaf Blotch of Almond in Spain. Plant Dis 2021; 105:940-947. [PMID: 33021910 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0869-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Red leaf blotch (RLB) of almond, caused by Polystigma amygdalinum, is an important foliar disease of this nut tree in the Mediterranean basin and Middle East regions. In recent years, the incidence of this disease has increased in Spain, corresponding to increases in the area of newly planted orchards and the use of susceptible cultivars. In 2009, an experimental orchard including 21 almond cultivars was planted at Les Borges Blanques, Lleida, in northeastern Spain. No fungicide treatments were applied during the 10-year experimental period (2009 to 2018) in order to allow natural disease development. Cultivar susceptibility to RLB was assessed each year, from 2011 to 2018, through visual observations of symptoms in naturally infected trees. The experimental results led us to classify the cultivars into five susceptibility groups. The most susceptible were Tarraco, Guara, Tuono, Marinada, Desmayo Largueta, and Soleta, whereas Mardía was the most tolerant. The annual incidence of disease was positively correlated with accumulated rainfall in spring, and especially in April, while it was negatively correlated with high spring and summer temperatures, especially in May. These findings could be used to improve disease management strategies by identifying the most susceptible cultivars and improving the timing of fungicide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Miarnau
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lourdes Zazurca
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Torguet
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Erick Zúñiga
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Ignasi Batlle
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Mas de Bover, Ctra. de Reus-El Morell km 3.8, E-43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - Simó Alegre
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, E-25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Marimon N, Luque J, Arús P, Eduardo I. Fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for the peach powdery mildew resistance gene Vr3. Hortic Res 2020; 7:175. [PMID: 33328431 PMCID: PMC7603514 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of peach (Prunus persica), caused by the ascomycete Podosphaera pannosa. Currently, it is controlled through calendar-based fungicide treatments starting at petal fall, but an alternative is to develop resistant peach varieties. Previous studies mapped a resistance gene (Vr3) in interspecific populations between almond ('Texas') and peach ('Earlygold'). To obtain molecular markers highly linked to Vr3 and to reduce the number of candidate genes, we fine-mapped Vr3 to a genomic region of 270 kb with 27 annotated genes. To find evidence supporting one of these positional candidate genes as being responsible of Vr3, we analyzed the polymorphisms of the resequences of both parents and used near-isogenic lines (NILs) for expression analysis of the positional candidate genes in symptomatic or asymptomatic leaves. Genes differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible individuals were annotated as a Disease Resistance Protein RGA2 (Prupe2G111700) or an Eceriferum 1 protein involved in epicuticular wax biosynthesis (Prupe2G112800). Only Prupe2G111700 contained a variant predicted to have a disruptive effect on the encoded protein, and was overexpressed in both heterozygous and homozygous individuals containing the Vr3 almond allele, compared with susceptible individuals. This information was also useful to identify and validate molecular markers tightly linked and flanking Vr3. In addition, the NILs used in this work will facilitate the introgression of this gene into peach elite materials, alone or pyramided with other known resistance genes such as peach powdery mildew resistance gene Vr2.
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Grants
- RTA2015-00050-00-00 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad)
- RTA2013-00004-C03-01 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad)
- RTA2013-00004-C03-01 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad)
- RTA2015-00050-00-00 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad)
- COTPA-FRUIT3CAT Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia)
- SEV-2015-0533 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Marimon
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Barcelona, Spain
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348, Cabrils, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348, Cabrils, Spain
| | - Pere Arús
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Eduardo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Barcelona, Spain.
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Marimon N, Eduardo I, Martínez-Minaya J, Vicent A, Luque J. A Decision Support System Based on Degree-Days to Initiate Fungicide Spray Programs for Peach Powdery Mildew in Catalonia, Spain. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2418-2425. [PMID: 32631199 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2130-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of peach powdery mildew (PPM) on fruit was monitored in commercial peach orchards to i) describe the disease progress in relation to several environmental parameters and ii) establish an operating threshold to initiate a fungicide spray program based on accumulated degree-day (ADD) data. A beta-regression model for disease incidence showed a substantial contribution of the random effects orchard and year, whereas relevant fixed effects corresponded to ADD, wetness duration, and ADD considering vapor pressure deficit and rain. When beta-regression models were fitted for each orchard and year considering only ADD, disease onset was observed at 242 ± 13 ADD and symptoms did not develop further after 484 ± 42 ADD. An operating threshold to initiate fungicide applications was established at 220 ADD, coinciding with a PPM incidence in fruit around 0.05. A validation was further conducted by comparing PPM incidence in i) a standard, calendar-based program, ii) a program with applications initiated at 220 ADD, and iii) a nontreated control. A statistically relevant reduction in disease incidence in fruit was obtained with both fungicide programs, from 0.244 recorded in the control to 0.073 with the 220-ADD alert program, and 0.049 with the standard program. The 220-ADD alert program resulted in 33% reduction in fungicide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Marimon
- Plant Pathology, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Iban Eduardo
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Vicent
- Centre de Producció Vegetal i Biotecnologia, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Zúñiga E, Romero J, Ollero-Lara A, Lovera M, Arquero O, Miarnau X, Torguet L, Trapero A, Luque J. Inoculum and Infection Dynamics of Polystigma amygdalinum in Almond Orchards in Spain. Plant Dis 2020; 104:1239-1246. [PMID: 32078477 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-19-1406-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red leaf blotch (RLB) disease of almond, caused by Polystigma amygdalinum, is an important foliar disease in most production regions of the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East because severe infections may cause a premature defoliation of the tree. Some key aspects on the epidemiology of P. amygdalinum were studied in multiyear trials in two almond-growing regions in Spain, which included the seasonal development of perithecia and production and germination of ascospores along with the disease incubation and plant infectivity periods. Our results showed that primary inoculum was available in extended periods (January to August). Significant differences in ascospore amounts among regions, higher in the southern Andalusia and lower in the northern Catalonia, and years of study were detected. The factors geographical location, sampling period, and evaluation year were found significant on the development of P. amygdalinum perithecia. Variable ascospore germination rates were observed from April to July: >15% but rarely exceeding 30%. The RLB infectivity period in Catalonia extended from March to mid-June, whereas in Andalusia it was from March to May. The incubation period was mainly in a range of 5 to 10 weeks in Catalonia. The environmental conditions of October to January influence the available ascospore amounts in the next season. RLB infection occurs in spring to summer when mean temperatures are in the range 10 to 20°C. These results represent the first step in developing a prediction model of the disease that might serve as a tool for the control of RLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Zúñiga
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Romero
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrés Ollero-Lara
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Lovera
- Departamento de Fruticultura Mediterránea, IFAPA, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Octavio Arquero
- Departamento de Fruticultura Mediterránea, IFAPA, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Xavier Miarnau
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Torguet
- Fruit Production Program, IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Zúñiga E, Luque J, Martos S. Lignin biosynthesis as a key mechanism to repress Polystigma amygdalinum, the causal agent of the red leaf blotch disease in almond. J Plant Physiol 2019; 236:96-104. [PMID: 30939334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The red leaf blotch (RLB) of almond, caused by the fungus Polystigma amygdalinum, is considered as one of the most important leaf diseases of this fruit tree. Differential cultivar susceptibility to the RLB has been described based on field observations, while its molecular and biochemical bases remain unknown to date. We aimed to explore the plant defence mechanisms related to the cultivar susceptibility by identifying some relevant physical and chemical strategies for the pathogen control. Thus, we studied the regulation of seven defence-related genes as well as the lignin deposition in two almond cultivars with highly differential response to RLB: the highly tolerant 'Mardía' and the susceptible 'Tarraco' cultivars. 'Mardía' displayed an up-regulation of the CAD and DFN1 genes at early stages of RLB symptom expression, with further lignin deposition in the fungal-colonized area that was visualized by microscopy. Thus, 'Mardía' uses both physical and chemical responses to effectively repress the pathogen. In contrast, 'Tarraco' triggered the up-regulation of HQT and LDOX genes, related to chlorogenic acid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, respectively, while lignin deposition was not clearly noticed. This strategy recorded in 'Tarraco' at later stages of RLB symptoms failed to control the fungal infection and colonization. Our results suggested a major role of the phenylpropanoids pathway in the defence response against RLB, by showing that an early production of lignin might be a major mechanism to control the spread of P. amygdalinum within the host leaf tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Zúñiga
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils. Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain; Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils. Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain.
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Luque J, Feldmann RM, Vernygora O, Schweitzer CE, Cameron CB, Kerr KA, Vega FJ, Duque A, Strange M, Palmer AR, Jaramillo C. Exceptional preservation of mid-Cretaceous marine arthropods and the evolution of novel forms via heterochrony. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3875. [PMID: 31032408 PMCID: PMC6482010 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary origins of novel forms are often obscure because early and transitional fossils tend to be rare, poorly preserved, or lack proper phylogenetic contexts. We describe a new, exceptionally preserved enigmatic crab from the mid-Cretaceous of Colombia and the United States, whose completeness illuminates the early disparity of the group and the origins of novel forms. Its large and unprotected compound eyes, small fusiform body, and leg-like mouthparts suggest larval trait retention into adulthood via heterochronic development (pedomorphosis), while its large oar-like legs represent the earliest known adaptations in crabs for active swimming. Our phylogenetic analyses, including representatives of all major lineages of fossil and extant crabs, challenge conventional views of their evolution by revealing multiple convergent losses of a typical "crab-like" body plan since the Early Cretaceous. These parallel morphological transformations may be associated with repeated invasions of novel environments, including the pelagic/necto-benthic zone in this pedomorphic chimera crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Luque
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa-Ancón 0843-03092, Panamá, Panamá
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - R. M. Feldmann
- Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - O. Vernygora
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - C. E. Schweitzer
- Department of Geology, Kent State University at Stark, 6000 Frank Ave. NW, North Canton, OH 44720, USA
| | - C. B. Cameron
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - K. A. Kerr
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa-Ancón 0843-03092, Panamá, Panamá
- Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) Northern Alberta, P.O. Box 52031, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T5, Canada
| | - F. J. Vega
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, CDMX 04510, México
| | - A. Duque
- Computer Animation and Visual Effects, College of Communication and Design, Lynn University, 2601 North Military Trail, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - M. Strange
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010, USA
| | - A. R. Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - C. Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa-Ancón 0843-03092, Panamá, Panamá
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Buldú JM, Busquets J, Martínez JH, Herrera-Diestra JL, Echegoyen I, Galeano J, Luque J. Using Network Science to Analyse Football Passing Networks: Dynamics, Space, Time, and the Multilayer Nature of the Game. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1900. [PMID: 30349500 PMCID: PMC6186964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier M. Buldú
- Laboratory of Biological Networks, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Complex Systems Group and GISC, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Johann H. Martínez
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Madrid, Spain
- INSERM-UM1127, Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière. H. Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Ignacio Echegoyen
- Laboratory of Biological Networks, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Complex Systems Group and GISC, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Galeano
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Linguistic laws constitute one of the quantitative cornerstones of modern cognitive sciences and have been routinely investigated in written corpora, or in the equivalent transcription of oral corpora. This means that inferences of statistical patterns of language in acoustics are biased by the arbitrary, language-dependent segmentation of the signal, and virtually precludes the possibility of making comparative studies between human voice and other animal communication systems. Here we bridge this gap by proposing a method that allows to measure such patterns in acoustic signals of arbitrary origin, without needs to have access to the language corpus underneath. The method has been applied to sixteen different human languages, recovering successfully some well-known laws of human communication at timescales even below the phoneme and finding yet another link between complexity and criticality in a biological system. These methods further pave the way for new comparative studies in animal communication or the analysis of signals of unknown code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván González Torre
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, EIAE, Technical University of Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartolo Luque
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, EIAE, Technical University of Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E14NS, London, UK
| | - Lucas Lacasa
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E14NS, London, UK
| | - Jordi Luque
- Telefonica Research, Edificio Telefonica-Diagonal 00, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Hernández-Fernández
- Complexity and Quantitative Linguistics Lab, Laboratory for Relational Algorithmics, Complexity and Learning (LARCA), Institut de Ciències de l’Educació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, Phillips A. Botryosphaeria corticola,sp. nov. onQuercusspecies, with notes and description ofBotryosphaeria stevensiiand its anamorph,Diplodia mutila. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - António Correia
- Centro de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitáio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jordi Luque
- Departamento Protecció Vegetal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàies, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils s.n., E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Phillips
- Centro de Recursos Microbiolóicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soledad Martos
- Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils s.n., E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan J.L. Phillips
- Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Phillips
- Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - António Correia
- Centro de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jordi Luque
- Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils s.n., E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
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Elena G, Luque J. Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Dis 2016; 100:1651-1659. [PMID: 30686215 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Elena
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
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Garralda E, Stathis A, Drilon A, Boni V, Hyman D, Calvo E, Griguolo G, Makker V, Doger B, Canziani L, Varghese A, Jimenez E, Luque J, Soto-Matos A, Szyldergemajn S, Sessa C. 335 Lurbinectedin (PM01183) in combination with paclitaxel (P) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Speech is a distinctive complex feature of human capabilities. In order to understand the physics underlying speech production, in this work, we empirically analyse the statistics of large human speech datasets ranging several languages. We first show that during speech, the energy is unevenly released and power-law distributed, reporting a universal robust Gutenberg-Richter-like law in speech. We further show that such 'earthquakes in speech' show temporal correlations, as the interevent statistics are again power-law distributed. As this feature takes place in the intraphoneme range, we conjecture that the process responsible for this complex phenomenon is not cognitive, but it resides in the physiological (mechanical) mechanisms of speech production. Moreover, we show that these waiting time distributions are scale invariant under a renormalization group transformation, suggesting that the process of speech generation is indeed operating close to a critical point. These results are put in contrast with current paradigms in speech processing, which point towards low dimensional deterministic chaos as the origin of nonlinear traits in speech fluctuations. As these latter fluctuations are indeed the aspects that humanize synthetic speech, these findings may have an impact in future speech synthesis technologies. Results are robust and independent of the communication language or the number of speakers, pointing towards a universal pattern and yet another hint of complexity in human speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Luque
- Telefonica Research, Edificio Telefonica-Diagonal 00, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartolo Luque
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Estadística, EIAE, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Lacasa
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E14NS, UK
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21
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Fernandez de Canete J, Luque J, Barbancho J, Munoz V. Modelling of long-term and short-term mechanisms of arterial pressure control in the cardiovascular system: An object-oriented approach. Comput Biol Med 2014; 47:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cobo T, Bonet-Carne E, Martínez-Terrón M, Perez-Moreno A, Elías N, Luque J, Amat-Roldan I, Palacio M. Feasibility and reproducibility of fetal lung texture analysis by Automatic Quantitative Ultrasound Analysis and correlation with gestational age. Fetal Diagn Ther 2012; 31:230-6. [PMID: 22538864 DOI: 10.1159/000335349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of fetal lung texture analysis using a novel automatic quantitative ultrasound analysis and to assess its correlation with gestational age. METHODS Prospective cross-sectional observational study. To evaluate texture features, 957 left and right lung images in a 2D four-cardiac-chamber view plane were previously delineated from fetuses between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation. Quantification of lung texture was performed by the Automatic Quantitative Ultrasound Analysis (AQUA) software to extract image features. A standard learning approach composed of feature transformation and a regression model was used to evaluate the association between texture features and gestational age. RESULTS The association between weeks of gestation and fetal lung texture quantified by the AQUA software presented a Pearson correlation of 0.97. The association was not influenced by delineation parameters such as region of interest (ROI) localization, ROI size, right/left lung selected or sonographic parameters such as ultrasound equipment or transducer used. CONCLUSIONS Fetal lung texture analysis measured by the AQUA software demonstrated a strong correlation with gestational age. This supports further research to explore the use of this technology to the noninvasive prediction of fetal lung maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cobo
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Andolfi A, Mugnai L, Luque J, Surico G, Cimmino A, Evidente A. Phytotoxins produced by fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1569-605. [PMID: 22295177 PMCID: PMC3268457 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 60 species of fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, genera Cadophora, Cryptovalsa, Cylindrocarpon, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Eutypa, Eutypella, Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Inocutis, Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella have been isolated from decline-affected grapevines all around the World. The main grapevine trunk diseases of mature vines are Eutypa dieback, the esca complex and cankers caused by the Botryospheriaceae, while in young vines the main diseases are Petri and black foot diseases. To understand the mechanism of these decline-associated diseases and the symptoms associated with them, the toxins produced by the pathogens involved in these diseases were isolated and characterised chemically and biologically. So far the toxins of only a small number of these decline fungi have been studied. This paper presents an overview of the toxins produced by the most serious of these vine wood pathogens: Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and some taxa in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, and examines how these toxins produce decline symptoms. The chemical structure of these metabolites and in some cases their vivotoxin nature are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione Protezione delle piante, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze I-50144, Italy;
| | - Jordi Luque
- Departament de Patologia Vegetal, IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, Cabrils E-08348, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione Protezione delle piante, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze I-50144, Italy;
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
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Montejo AL, Riesgo Y, Luque J, Barber I. Observational, open-label, prospective multicenter study of sexual function in patients starting treatment with aripiprazole. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2010; 38:13-21. [PMID: 20931406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment with neuroleptics may be associated with secondary sexual dysfunction. Studies of sexual dysfunction induced by antipsychotic are important to establish the effectiveness of these agents in patients taking chronic treatments. The main objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively whether a 3 month course ofaripiprazole produces changes in the sexual function of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The efficacy analysis was performed in the intention-to-treat population (41 patients) and the per protocol population (36 patients). The safety analysis was based on the total sample (42 patients). RESULTS The incidence of sexual dysfunction after 3 months of treatment with aripiprazole was zero both in patients who switched therapy due to lack of efficacy and in those taking aripiprazole as a first antipsychotic. Aripiprazole led to an improvement in the symptoms of psychosis (score on the BPRS) and lower scores on the SALSEX questionnaire.The most remarkable improvement was in delayed eyaculation/orgasm. CONCLUSION During the 3 months of treatment, we observed an overall improvement in sexual performance, with a quicker recovery in men than in women, although recovery was similar in both at the end of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Montejo
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain.
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Luque B, Lacasa L, Ballesteros F, Luque J. Horizontal visibility graphs: exact results for random time series. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 80:046103. [PMID: 19905386 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.046103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The visibility algorithm has been recently introduced as a mapping between time series and complex networks. This procedure allows us to apply methods of complex network theory for characterizing time series. In this work we present the horizontal visibility algorithm, a geometrically simpler and analytically solvable version of our former algorithm, focusing on the mapping of random series (series of independent identically distributed random variables). After presenting some properties of the algorithm, we present exact results on the topological properties of graphs associated with random series, namely, the degree distribution, the clustering coefficient, and the mean path length. We show that the horizontal visibility algorithm stands as a simple method to discriminate randomness in time series since any random series maps to a graph with an exponential degree distribution of the shape P(k)=(1/3)(2/3)(k-2), independent of the probability distribution from which the series was generated. Accordingly, visibility graphs with other P(k) are related to nonrandom series. Numerical simulations confirm the accuracy of the theorems for finite series. In a second part, we show that the method is able to distinguish chaotic series from independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) theory, studying the following situations: (i) noise-free low-dimensional chaotic series, (ii) low-dimensional noisy chaotic series, even in the presence of large amounts of noise, and (iii) high-dimensional chaotic series (coupled map lattice), without needs for additional techniques such as surrogate data or noise reduction methods. Finally, heuristic arguments are given to explain the topological properties of chaotic series, and several sequences that are conjectured to be random are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Luque
- Departamento Matemática Aplicada y Estadística, ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gramaje D, Armengol J, Colino MI, Santiago R, Moralejo E, Olmo D, Luque J, Mostert L. First Report of Phaeoacremonium inflatipes, P. iranianum, and P. sicilianum Causing Petri Disease of Grapevine in Spain. Plant Dis 2009; 93:964. [PMID: 30754560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-93-9-0964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, four isolates of Phaeoacremonium, morphologically and genetically different from known Phaeoacremonium spp. in Spain, were isolated from rootstocks of young grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plants showing Petri disease symptoms including low vigor, reduced foliage, and dark streaking of the xylem in Badajoz Province (western Spain; cv. Syrah on SO4 rootstock), Tarragona Province (eastern Spain; cv. Garnacha on 161 49 C rootstock), and Balearic Islands (eastern Spain; cv. Tempranillo on Rupestris de Lot rootstock). Single-conidial isolates were obtained and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) at 25°C for 2 to 3 weeks in the dark until colonies sporulated (3). Identification was based on morphological characteristics (1-3). Phaeoacremonium inflatipes W. Gams, Crous & M. J. Wingf. and P. iranianum L. Mostert, Gräf., W. Gams & Crous were detected in Badajoz Province and P. sicilianum Essakhi, Mugnai, Surico & Crous in Tarragona Province and Balearic Islands. Colonies of P. inflatipes were gray on PDA and gray-brown on MEA. Conidiophores were branched, 15 to 37 (mean 25) μm long. Conidia were hyaline, oblong-ellipsoidal or obovoid, 3 to 5.5 (mean 4) μm long, and 1.2 to 1.9 (mean 1.6) μm wide. Colonies of P. iranianum were brownish gray on PDA and pale brown on MEA. Conidiophores were unbranched and 18 to 47.5 (mean 29) μm long. Conidia were hyaline, oblong-ellipsoidal, 3 to 5 (mean 4) μm long, and 1 to 1.8 (mean 1.5) μm wide. Colonies of P. sicilianum were pale brown on PDA and brown to pale orange on MEA. Conidiophores were branched and 13 to 55 (mean 32.5) μm long. Conidia were hyaline, allantoid, 3 to 8.5 (mean 6) μm long, and 1.5 to 2 (mean 1.8) μm wide. Identity of isolates Pin-2, Pir-4, Psi-1, and Psi-2 was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the beta-tubulin gene with primers T1 and Bt2b (P. inflatipes, isolate Pin-2: GenBank Accession No. FJ872407, 100% similarity to Accession No. AY579323; P. iranianum, isolate Pir-4: GenBank Accession No. FJ872406, 99% similarity to Accession No. EU128077; P. sicilianum isolates Psi-1 and Psi-2: GenBank Accession Nos. FJ872408 and No. FJ872409, 100% similarity to Accession No. EU863489). Pathogenicity tests were conducted using Pin-2, Pir-4, and Psi-1 isolates. One-year-old callused and rooted cuttings of 110 R rootstock cultivated in sterile peat were wounded at the uppermost internode with an 8-mm cork borer. An 8-mm mycelium plug from a 2-week-old culture was placed into the wound. Wounds were wrapped with Parafilm. Ten cuttings per fungal isolate were used. Ten control plants were inoculated with 8-mm noncolonized PDA plugs. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. Within 2 months, all Phaeoacremonium-inoculated cuttings exhibited shoots with poor growth, small leaves, short internodes, and black streaks in the xylem. The mean shoot weight per plant was 1.8 g in P. inflatipes-inoculated plants, 1.9 g in P. iranianum-inoculated plants, and 1.6 g in P. sicilianum-inoculated plants, all lower than the control treatment (6.8 g). Control plants did not show any symptoms. All fungal species were reisolated from wood of all inoculated cuttings, completing Koch's postulates. Their identity was confirmed with the methods described above. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. inflatipes, P. iranianum, and P. sicilianum causing Petri disease in Spain. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Mycologia 88:786, 1996. (2) S. Essakhi et al. Persoonia 21:119, 2008. (3) L. Mostert et al. Stud. Mycol. 54:1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gramaje
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M I Colino
- Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Ctra. De San Vicente 3, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - R Santiago
- Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Ctra. De San Vicente 3, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - E Moralejo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - D Olmo
- Laboratori de Sanitat Vegetal, Conselleria d'Agricultura i Pesca, Govern Balear, C/d'Eusebi Estada 145, 07008 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Luque
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - L Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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Torres MI, Luque J, Lorite P, Isla-Tejera B, Palomeque T, Aumente MD, Arizon J, Peña J. 14-Base pair polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen-G as genetic determinant in heart transplantation and cyclosporine therapy monitoring. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:830-5. [PMID: 19638290 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The 14-base pair (bp) polymorphism within the HLA-G gene has been investigated in heart transplant patients for the first time. The 14-bp polymorphism is associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and the patterns of alternative isoforms splicing, and therefore may influence the functionality of the HLA-G molecule. In heart transplantation, the highest production of soluble HLA-G was related to the -14/-14-bp genotype in the pre- and post-transplantation periods. Our study findings showed that the 14-bp polymorphism of the HLA-G gene influenced the expression of soluble HLA-G in heart transplantation and accordingly resulted in low rejection rates, being a possible marker of genetic variability associated with heart transplantation. In addition, the 14-bp polymorphism of the HLA-G gene is related to the absorber status of cyclosporine of each individual patient, and is useful for determining the oral dose of cyclosporine to manage patients (to adjust immunosuppressive protocols) so as to minimize the risk of a low or high immunosuppression and the side effects in the early stages of heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
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Pignatelli J, Jimenez M, Luque J, Rejas M, Lavazza A, Rodriguez D. Molecular characterization of a new PToV strain. Evolutionary implications. Virus Res 2009; 143:33-43. [PMID: 19463719 PMCID: PMC7114482 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Toroviruses are emergent viruses, belonging to the Nidovirales order, that remain mostly ignored, despite they are able to infect different species of domestic animals and humans, causing enteric diseases and diarrhea. Thus far, only five variants of porcine torovirus (PToV) have been identified. In this report we describe the identification and partial characterization of a new strain of porcine torovirus (PToV-BRES) that was detected by RT-PCR in a swine faecal specimen from a farm in Brescia (Italy). The complete genes coding for the nucleocapsid (N), hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and membrane (M) proteins were amplified, and sequence analysis showed that PToV-BRES is a new PToV strain that, based on the HE gene sequence, is phylogenetically related to P4 strain, that was up to now the only member of a distinct PToV lineage. The nucleocapsid protein from PToV-BRES was expressed in insect cells as a his-tagged protein, purified by affinity chromatography and used to develop an ELISA method to detect antibodies against PToV. This assay was evaluated using a serum collection including 45 samples from three commercial farms from Spain. High antibody prevalence against PToV was observed in the three farms, both in adult animals and in piglets, which could suggest that PToV might be endemic in Spanish porcine population. The ELISA method developed in this work could be useful in future epidemiological surveys about toroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pignatelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jimenez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Luque
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M.T. Rejas
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombarda e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - D. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 915854549; fax: +34 915854506.
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Luque J, Lozano J, García-Jurado G, Soriano-Sarabia N, González R, Vallejo A, Leal M, Peña J. NK-associated regulatory receptors in a structured HAART interruption of HIV-1-positive individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:1037-42. [PMID: 18724804 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced a decade ago, it has been shown to be effective in keeping HIV-1 replication under control. Nevertheless, it is also known that HAART has certain limitations, such as its inability to completely inhibit the viral replication that maintains virus reservoirs, its high toxicity when the treatment is maintained for long periods of time, and the appearance of viral resistance to the therapy. These limitations have led to the introduction of structured treatment interruption (STI) of antiretroviral therapy, the principle of which is to reduce the clinical complications of HAART, and hypothetically to boost the cellular immune response of the patient host. The aim of this study was to analyze for the first time the impact of STI on the innate immune system. Specifically, we analyzed NK cells and their regulatory receptors (KIRs, NKG2, NCRs, and ILTs) and the cytokines that might control the NK response. Six months after the initiation of STI, the results revealed in most patients a significant increase in NK cells expressing ILT2 and NKp46 receptors. Slight or no changes were observed in other parameters studied, either during interruption or when HAART was reintroduced. Our data show that the STI strategy, irrespective of whether it improved the patients' clinical evolution, induced functional phenotype changes in NK cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Luque
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J.M. Lozano
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - G. García-Jurado
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - N. Soriano-Sarabia
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - R. González
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Vallejo
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - M. Leal
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - J. Peña
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Armengol J, Gramaje D, Pérez-Sierra A, Landeras E, Alzugaray R, Luque J, Martos S. First Report of Canker Disease Caused by Neofusicoccum australe on Eucalyptus and Pistachio in Spain. Plant Dis 2008; 92:980. [PMID: 30769754 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-6-0980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2005 and 2006, dieback and branch cankers were observed in 12-year-old Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations in Gijón (northern Spain) and a 20-year-old pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) plantation in Constantí (northeastern Spain). Isolations were made from symptomatic branches. Small pieces of necrotic tissues were surface sterilized for 1 min in 1.5% NaOCl and plated onto malt extract agar amended with 0.5 g L-1 streptomycin sulfate. Plates were incubated at 25°C in the dark and all growing colonies were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA). A Neofusicoccum sp. was consistently isolated from necrotic tissues of both host species. On PDA at 25°C, isolates developed a moderately dense mycelium, initially with a pale yellow pigment diffusing into the medium but becoming olivaceous gray after 5 to 6 days. Pycnidia were produced on sterile eucalyptus and pistachio twigs placed on the surface of water agar after 1 month. Conidia were hyaline, fusiform, aseptate, with granular contents. Conidia from eucalyptus isolates measured (22.5-) 25.4 (-28.1) × (5-) 6.2 (-7.5) μm, (n = 40) and (20.0-) 23.6 (-28.0) × (6.5-) 7.1 (-8.0) μm, (n = 40) from pistachio isolates. Isolates were identified as Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips (1,2). DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), part of the beta-tubulin (BT2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) genes from isolates CBS 122027 (pistachio) and CBS 122026 and CBS 122025 (eucalyptus) were used to confirm the identifications through BLAST searches in GenBank. Representative sequences of all studied regions were deposited in GenBank (ITS: EU375516 and EU375517; BT2: EU375520; EF1-α: EU375518 and EU375519). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 8-month-old eucalyptus seedlings and 2-year-old pistachio plants with the three N. australe strains mentioned above. A mycelial plug taken from the margin of an actively growing colony of each isolate was put in a shallow wound (0.4 cm2) made with a scalpel on the stem of each plant. Inoculation wounds were wrapped with Parafilm. Controls were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Ten replicates for each isolate and plant species were used, with an equal number of control plants. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. After 3 weeks, all eucalyptus seedlings showed leaf wilting, stem canker, and pycnidia formation around the inoculation site. No foliar symptoms were observed in pistachio plants after 3 months, but depressed cankers variable in size and pycnidia formation developed around the inoculation site. Vascular necroses that developed on the inoculated plants were 10.2 ± 1.2 cm long in eucalyptus and 6.4 ± 1.6 cm long in pistachio, significantly greater than their respective controls (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in necrosis lengths among the three N. australe isolate inoculations, irrespective of the inoculated host. These results point to a high susceptibility of eucalyptus to N. australe. No symptoms were visible in the control seedlings and no fungus was isolated from them. The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. australe causing canker disease on eucalyptus and pistachio trees in Spain. References: (1) P. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:1030, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Armengol
- IAM, UPV, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- IAM, UPV, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - E Landeras
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal, Principado de Asturias, C/ Lucas Rodríguez, 4-bajo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - R Alzugaray
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal, Principado de Asturias, C/ Lucas Rodríguez, 4-bajo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Luque
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - S Martos
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Aroca A, Raposo R, Gramaje D, Armengol J, Martos S, Luque J. First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Associated with Decline of Grapevine Rootstock Mother Plants in Spain. Plant Dis 2008; 92:832. [PMID: 30769618 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-5-0832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A field of Richter 110 rootstock mother plants in Valencia Province (eastern Spain) was surveyed during November 2006 to study the mycoflora of declining plants. Two canes with stunted leaves were collected from a plant with a reduced number of shoots. No cankers or vascular lesions were observed in the collected canes. Six wood chips (1 to 2 mm thick) were taken from one basal fragment (3 to 4 cm long) of each cane, surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 1 min, and plated on malt extract agar supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 of streptomycin sulfate. Petri dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C. A fungus was consistently isolated from all samples that showed the following characteristics: colonies grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C developed a white, aerial mycelium that turned gray after 4 to 6 days and produced pycnidia after 1 month on sterile grapevine slivers of twigs placed on the PDA surface; conidia from culture were ellipsoidal, thick walled, initially hyaline, nonseptate, and measuring 20 to 25 (22.5) × 12 to 14 (13) μm; aged conidia were brown, 1-septate with longitudinal striations in the wall; and pseudoparaphyses variable in form and length were interspersed within the fertile tissue. The fungus was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. from the above characteristics (2). Identity was confirmed by analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the rRNA repeat and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and the β-tubulin (B-tub) genes, as done elsewhere (1,3). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: 100%, EF1-α: 97%; B-tub: 99%). Representative sequences of the studied DNA regions were deposited at GenBank (Accession Nos.: ITS: EU254718; EF1-α: EU254719; and B-tub: EU254720). A pathogenicity test was conducted on 1-year-old grapevine plants cv. Macabeo grafted onto Richter 110 rootstocks maintained in a greenhouse. A superficial wound was made on the bark of 10 plants with a sterilized scalpel, ≈10 cm above the graft union. A mycelial plug obtained from the margin of an actively growing fungal colony (isolate JL664) was placed in the wound and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Ten additional control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. All control plants grew normally, and the inoculation wound healed 3 months after inoculation. Plants inoculated with L. theobromae showed no foliar symptoms in the same period, but developed cankers variable in size surrounding the inoculation sites. Vascular necroses measuring 8.4 ± 1.5 cm (mean ± standard error) developed in the inoculated plants that were significantly longer than the controls (0.3 ± 0.2 cm). The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants and no fungus was reisolated from the controls. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of L. theobromae to grapevine and points to a possible involvement of L. theobromae in the aetiology of grapevine decline as previously reported (3,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae isolated from grapevine in Spain. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) E. Punithalingam. No. 519 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006. (4) J. M. van Niekerk et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 45(suppl.):S43, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aroca
- CIFOR, INIA, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Raposo
- CIFOR, INIA, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Martos
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - J Luque
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Canas F, Camacho M, Ros S, Serrano M, Riesgo Y, Luque J, Vieitez P, Barber I. Effectiveness and patterns of switching to aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients. Rea I and rea II studies. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lozano J, De la Rosa O, García-Jurado G, Luque J, Solana R, Kindelán J, Rivero A, Peña J. Impaired response of HIV type 1-specific CD8(+) cells from antiretroviral-treated patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23:1279-82. [PMID: 17961116 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the response of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, in spite of the high frequency of occurrence of these cells even in the advanced phase of HIV-1 infection, has been demonstrated. It is also known that new antiretroviral treatments are able to reduce the viral load and partially repair the immunological damage caused by HIV-1, but it is not clear whether the extent of these changes affects the functional profile of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. We evaluated, in HIV-1(+) patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, the HIV-specific CD8(+) subset distribution and their functional capacity as intracellular expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and perforin after PMA stimulation. Our results indicate that HIV-1(+)-treated individuals show distributions of HIV-specific CD8 subsets similar to nontreated patients, while the frequency of HIV-specific CD8 cells expressing IFN-gamma and perforin after stimulation is lower in HAART-treated patients. This indicates that HAART, which controls viral replication, may impair the HIV-specific CD8(+) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Lozano
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - O. De la Rosa
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - G. García-Jurado
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Luque
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R. Solana
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J.M. Kindelán
- Service of Infectious Unit of Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Rivero
- Service of Infectious Unit of Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Peña
- Service of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Úrbez-Torres JR, Gubler WD, Luque J. First Report of Botryosphaeria iberica and B. viticola Associated with Grapevine Decline in California. Plant Dis 2007; 91:772. [PMID: 30780506 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-6-0772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine decline symptoms in California include dead spurs and cordon and trunk dieback due to canker formation in the vascular tissue. Seven Botryosphaeria spp. are known to be associated with grapevine cankers in California, viz. Botryosphaeria australis, B. dothidea, B. lutea, B. obtusa, B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. stevensii (3). Recently, B. iberica and B. viticola also were isolated from grapevine cankers in a field survey that was conducted throughout California. Identification was based on morphological comparisons along with DNA analyses with previously identified isolates from Spain (1,2): B. iberica (CBS115035, ex-type) and B. viticola (CBS117006 and CBS117009, ex-type). DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2), part of the β-tubulin gene (BT2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) from B. iberica and B. viticola isolates from California were amplified using primers ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF-728F/EF-986R, respectively. All DNA sequences of B. iberica and B. viticola from California showed 99 to 100% homology with those previously identified and deposited in GenBank. B. iberica, isolated from grapevine cankers from San Luis Obispo County (central coast), formed colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) that were dark green with aerial mycelium, optimum growth at 20 to 25°C, and formed pycnidia after 15 days of incubation at 25°C. Conidia were brown, one-septate, oblong to ovoid with a rounded apex, and measured (20.1-) 22.5 to 23.5 (-27.1) × (8.1) 9.3 to 9.8 (-11.2) μm, length/width ratio = 2.4 (n = 60). B. viticola, isolated from grapevine cankers in Sonoma (north coast), San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara (south coast), Riverside (southern California), and Yolo (Sacramento Valley) counties, formed colonies on PDA that were dark green to grayish with aerial mycelium, optimum growth at 25°C, and formed pycnidia after 2 weeks. Conidia were brown, one-septate, oval to oblong, and measured (16.6-) 19.3 to 20.3 (-23.5) × (8.1) 9.3 to 9.6 (-11.1) μm, length/width ratio = 2.1 (n = 60). Two isolates of each species were used to complete pathogenicity tests (B. iberica: ATCC MYA-4110, ATCC MYA-4111; B. viticola: ATCC MYA-4115, ATCC MYA-4116). Ten fresh pruning wounds on 15-year-old cv. Zinfandel vines were inoculated per isolate using 50 μl of a 5 × 106 conidia per ml suspension. Twenty control pruning wounds were inoculated with the same amount of sterile water. Twelve months after inoculation, all wood inoculated with B. iberica and B. viticola showed internal necrosis extending 35 to 50 and 30 to 35 mm from the point of inoculation, respectively. Necrosis and extent of vascular discoloration in infected wounds was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in control inoculations (6.5 mm). B. iberica and B. viticola were reisolated from the necrotic region surrounding all inoculation sites. Representative isolates of B. iberica and B. viticola from California were deposited at the American Type Culture Collection (B. iberica: MYA-4110, MYA-4111; B. viticola: MYA-4112 to MYA-4116). Sequences from the studied DNA regions of all isolates were deposited at GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report implicating either species as a cause of grapevine decline in California and B. iberica as a pathogen of Vitis vinifera anywhere in the world. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Mycologia 97:513, 2005. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Úrbez-Torres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - W D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - J Luque
- IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
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Cañas F, Camacho M, Ros S, Serrano M, Riesgo Y, Luque J. Profile of the schizophrenic patient treated with aripiprazole in Spain. REA study. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Linaldeddu BT, Franceschini A, Luque J, Phillips AJL. First Report of Canker Disease Caused by Botryosphaeria parva on Cork Oak Trees in Italy. Plant Dis 2007; 91:324. [PMID: 30780573 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-3-0324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A survey was carried out in the spring of 2003 to study the fungi associated with declining trees in a cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forest located in Sassari Province, Sardinia, Italy (40°52'N, 9°01'E) at an altitude of 150 m (above sea level). Several isolates obtained from live twigs and branches showing sunken necrotic bark lesions were identified as Fusicoccum parvum Pennycook & Samuels (teleomorph Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook & Samuels). Neither pycnidia nor ascomata were observed on the symptomatic samples collected. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C, the isolates developed an aerial and compact mycelium, initially white but becoming gray after 4 to 6 days, and produced pycnidia after 1 month on sterile cork oak twigs placed on the surface of PDA. Conidia from culture were hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, externally smooth, thin walled, nonseptate, 12 to 19 (15.5) × 5.5 to 8.5 (6.5) μm, with length/width ratio of 2.4 ± 0.1 (mean ± standard error). Identity was confirmed by analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from the rRNA repeat and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), as done elsewhere (1,4). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: >99%; EF1-α: 100%). Representative sequences of both regions were deposited at GenBank (ITS: Accession No. DQ487157; EF1-α: Accession No. DQ487158). Pathogenicity tests were carried out on seven 2-year-old cork oak seedlings maintained in a greenhouse at 14 to 26°C with the B. parva strain CBS 119937 obtained in this study. A mycelial plug (3 to 4 mm2) taken from the margin of an actively growing colony on PDA was put in a shallow wound made by a scalpel on the basal part of the stem of each seedling. Sterile PDA plugs were placed into similar wounds on three control seedlings. The inoculation points were wrapped in Parafilm to retain moisture for 1 week. After 4 weeks, all seedlings inoculated with B. parva died and showed a collapse of the stem cortical tissues associated with dark brown discolorations and vascular necrosis measuring 10.9 ± 0.4 cm. No symptoms were visible in the control seedlings. The pathogen was reisolated from all the inoculated seedlings, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The results confirm the virulence of this fungus and point to its possible involvement in the aetiology of cork oak decline. B. parva is a cosmopolitan, plurivorous pathogen causing disease in several hosts of economic importance, such as grapevine (3), kiwi (2), and Eucalyptus spp. trees (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. parva causing canker disease on cork oak trees. References: (1) A. Gezahgne et al. S. Afr. J. Bot. 70:241, 2004. (2) S. R. Pennycook and G. J. Samuels. Mycotaxon 24:445, 1985. (3) A. J. L. Phillips. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 41:3, 2002. (4) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Linaldeddu
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Franceschini
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - J Luque
- Departamento de Protecció Vegetal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils s.n., E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A J L Phillips
- Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Luque J, Torres MI, Aumente MD, Lozano JM, García-Jurado G, González R, Alvarez-López MR, Arizón JM, Peña J. sHLA-G levels in the monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy and rejection following heart transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2006; 17:70-3. [PMID: 17157221 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further determine the immediate influence, over a 12-h period, after the initiation of daily immunosuppressive treatment on the serum levels of sHLA-G in heart transplant patients during the post-transplant period (1 month). It was found that there are two patterns of patients in term of the changes observed in their levels of sHLA-G in response to the immunosuppressive treatment. One group (group A) showed no changes on sHLA-G while the other group (group B) a significant rise in sHLA-G levels was observed at 2 to 4 h post dose. Interestingly, it was observed that the patients in group B have better prognosis of acceptance of the heart graft than those of group A. On the other hand it was found that the patients with high levels of sHLA-G (77.3+/-34.8 ng/ml) in pre-transplant sera have a better prognosis of acceptance of the heart graft than those with low sHLA-G levels (9.7+/-7.1 ng/ml). In conclusion, both the intensity of changes of sHLA-G levels induced by immunosuppression and basal levels in pre-transplant could be used in the monitoring of the immunosuppression as well as the heart transplant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luque
- Service of Immunology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
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Luque J, Torres MI, Aumente MD, Marín J, García-Jurado G, González R, Pascual D, Guerra N, López-Rubio F, Alvarez-López MR, Arizón JM, Peña J. Soluble HLA-G in heart transplantation: their relationship to rejection episodes and immunosuppressive therapy. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:257-63. [PMID: 16720205 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to quantify the level of soluble HLA-G in heart transplant patients, to determine the relationship between the sHLA-G levels and the appearance of acute rejection episodes, and to identify the influence of immunosuppressive therapy on sHLA-G levels. Analysis of sHLA-G, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the transplant patients, revealed the existence of two similarly sized groups of patients. One group displayed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in sHLA-G during the first month after transplantation while the other group maintained low levels of the molecule (0-30 ng/ml) throughout the study. The latter group displayed a high incidence of recurrent severe rejection. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in sHLA-G 2 hours after administration of immunosuppressive treatment (mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine A/FK506, corticoids) was found. These results suggest that sHLA-G participates in the induction of certain levels of immunological tolerance in these recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luque
- Service of Immunology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
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Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an immune response to ingested gluten and has a strong HLA association with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, but as human HLA-DQ risk factors do not explain the entire genetic susceptibility to gluten intolerance. Our aim was to investigate whether HLA-G, a gene located in the MHC class I region, and with important role in the induction of immunotolerance, may contribute to CD susceptibility. We demonstrated the expression of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) forms in intestinal biopsy and in serum of patients with CD. Indeed, all patients tested showed a positive expression of HLA-G in intestinal mucosa with different grade of immunoreaction. The serum levels of sHLA-G found in coeliac patients depend on the association with other diseases of autoimmune nature or genetics, and also depend on the transgressions in the diet with gluten ingested. The enhancer expression of sHLA-G in CD could be due as part of a mechanism to try restore the tolerance process towards oral antigens in a disease caused by loss of tolerance to dietary antigens and counteract the inflammation. In summary, in this paper, we demonstrate the association of CD with sHLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Bautista F, Campelo J, Luna D, Luque J, Marinas J. Influence of the acid–base/redox properties of TiOx-sepiolite supported vanadium oxide catalysts in the gas-phase selective oxidation of toluene. Catal Today 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of Vitis vinifera in NE Spain, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and EF1-alpha sequences and morphological characters of both anamorph and teleomorph confirmed this taxon to be included within the group of Botryosphaeria species with Dothiorella anamorphs. It is related most closely to B. sarmentorum and B. iberica from which it differs in morphological characters of the teleomorph and DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Luque
- Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Botryosphaeria sarmentorum sp. nov. and B. iberica sp. nov. are described and illustrated. These two species are unusual in this genus because of their brown, 1-septate ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and EF1-alpha sequences place them within the clade containing species with Fusicoccum anamorphs. The brown, 1-septate conidia, however, do not conform to Fusicoccum. Therefore phylogenetically and morphologically the anamorphs of these two species belong in a genus distinct from any of the currently accepted anamorph genera assigned to Botryosphaeria. Through a study of the type species of Dothiorella this genus is resurrected to accommodate anamorphs of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1-septate conidia. Botryosphaeria sarmentorum is shown to be the teleomorph of Diplodia sarmentorum, which in turn is transferred to Dothiorella. Otthia quercus is transferred to Botryosphaeria as B. quercicola nom. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Phillips
- Centro de Recursos Microbiològicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Parladé J, Pera J, Luque J. Evaluation of mycelial inocula of edible Lactarius species for the production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris mycorrhizal seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza 2004; 14:171-176. [PMID: 15197634 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-003-0252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Accepted: 05/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Different methods to inoculate seedlings of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris with edible Lactarius species under standard greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Fungal inoculations were performed both under pure culture synthesis in vitro, followed by transplantation of acclimatized seedlings, and directly in the greenhouse using different techniques for inocula production (mycelial slurries, vegetative inoculum grown in peat-vermiculite and alginate-entrapped mycelium). In vitro inoculations with L. deliciosus produced thoroughly colonized seedlings. However, a sharp decrease in mycorrhizal colonization was detected on transplanted seedlings after 4 month's growth in the greenhouse. On the other hand, all the inocula applied directly in the greenhouse, except the alginate-entrapped mycelium, produced a variable number of mycorrhizal seedlings and colonization rates after the first growing season, depending on the plant-fungal combination and the inoculation method. Inoculations with vegetative inocula of the strain 178 of L. deliciosus were the most effective in producing mycorrhizal seedlings. All the seedlings inoculated with this strain were colonized although the colonization rates were relatively low. The commercial feasibility of the different inoculation methods for the production of seedlings colonized with edible Lactarius species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Parladé
- Departament de Protecció Vegetal, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348, Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain.
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Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, Phillips A. Botryosphaeria corticola, sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes and description of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph, Diplodia mutila. Mycologia 2004; 96:598-613. [PMID: 21148880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Botr yosphaeria stevensii frequently has been associated with dieback and canker diseases of oak, mainly in the western Mediterranean area but more rarely in other regions. The species concept of B. stevensii has been unclear, and it is possible that some collections were identified incorrectly. A collection of fungal strains isolated from diseased oak trees and initially identified as B. stevensii was characterized on the basis of morphology and ITS nucleotide sequences. Morphology was compared with the type specimens of Physalospora mutila (= B. stevensii) and its anamorph, Diplodia mutila. It was concluded that the isolates from oak differed from B. stevensii in having larger ascospores and conidia as well as different spore shapes and represented an as yet undescribed species, which is described here as B. corticola. Moreover, ITS sequence data separated B. corticola from all other known species of Botryosphaeria. Amended descriptions of B. stevensii and its anamorph are provided to differentiate B. stevensii from B. corticola and to clarify some of the earlier taxonomic uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Alves
- Centro de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitáio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, Phillips A. Botryosphaeria corticola, sp. nov. on Quercus Species, with Notes and Description of Botryosphaeria stevensii and Its Anamorph, Diplodia mutila. Mycologia 2004. [DOI: 10.2307/3762177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lepoint T, Lepoint-Mullie F, Voglet N, Labouret S, Pétrier C, Avni R, Luque J. OH/D A2sigma(+)-X2pi(i) rovibronic transitions in multibubble sonoluminescence. Ultrason Sonochem 2003; 10:167-174. [PMID: 12726953 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(03)00082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multibubble sonoluminescence spectra were recorded in the 300-350 nm wavelength range in the case of H(2)O/Ar, D(2)O/Ar and H(2)O/Kr solutions (acoustic frequency: 20 kHz; spectral resolution optimized to 0.34 nm). Three groups of rotational components (R(1)/R(2), Q(1)/Q(2) and P(1)/P(2)) were identified in the OH/D A2sigma(+)-X2pi(i) (0,0) transitions via the substitution of H(2)O for D(2)O. The congestion of bands and the origin of a red shading extending up to 350 nm are broached.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lepoint
- Laboratoire de Sonochimie, Institut Meurice, 1, Avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Luque J, Jeffries J, Smith G, Crosley D. Erratum to: `Predissociation of CH Σv=0,1 levels studied by cavity ringdown absorption spectroscopy' [Chem. Phys. Lett. 346 (2001) 209]. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Luque J, Jeffries J, Smith G, Crosley D. Predissociation of CH B2Σ+v′=0,1 levels studied by cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Parladé J, Cohen M, Doltra J, Luque J, Pera J. Continuous measurement of stem-diameter growth response of Pinus pinea seedlings mycorrhizal with Rhizopogon roseolus and submitted to two water regimes. Mycorrhiza 2001; 11:129-136. [PMID: 24595432 DOI: 10.1007/s005720100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensors were used to detect continuous diameter growth responses of Pinus pinea (stone pine) seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon roseolus. Colonised and non-colonised seedlings provided with sensors were submitted to different water regimes in two consecutive experiments established in a controlled-temperature greenhouse module (cycle 1), and in an adjacent module without temperature control (cycle 2). Under regular irrigation, colonised seedlings showed significantly higher growth than non-colonised seedlings. Water-stressed seedlings showed no benefit from inoculation in terms of growth. Also, seedlings with a high colonisation level recovered more slowly from water stress than control seedlings. A significant positive relationship between maximum daily shrinkage (amplitude of the daily stem contraction) and global radiation was observed only in the first water-stress period in cycle 1 and in regularly irrigated seedlings in both cycles. However, no differential responses due to inoculation were observed. The mycorrhizal colonisation of the seedlings at the end of the experiment was related with the initial colonisation level. Mycorrhizal colonisation by R. roseolus in old roots was maintained at significantly higher levels in seedlings which had an initial colonisation level >50% than in seedlings with <50% initial colonisation. Also, more newly formed roots became colonised in seedlings which had an initial colonisation level >50% than in seedlings with an initial colonisation <50%, which had almost no new root colonisation. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that LVDT sensors can be used to detect a differential response of plants according to water supply, mycorrhizal status and, in some cases, to their colonisation level. The results are discussed in relation to the predictive possibilities of the method for the selection of efficient mycorrhizal fungi for the promotion of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Parladé
- IRTA, Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348 Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain, Spain
| | - Moshe Cohen
- IRTA, Departament de Tecnologia Horticola, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348 Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain, Spain
| | - Jordi Doltra
- IRTA, Departament de Tecnologia Horticola, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348 Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- IRTA, Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348 Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain, Spain
| | - Joan Pera
- IRTA, Departament de Protecció Vegetal, Ctra. Cabrils s/n. 08348 Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain, Spain
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Juchmann W, Luque J, Jeffries JB. Flow Characterization of a Diamond-Depositing DC Arcjet by Laser-Induced Fluorescence. Appl Opt 2000; 39:3704-3711. [PMID: 18349945 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.003704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of seeded nitric oxide and naturally occurring species in a diamond-depositing dc arcjet of hydrogen/argon/methane (0.8:1.0:0.005) at 25 Torr are used to determine the temperature and velocity fields in a gas jet. LIF measurements are also used to demonstrate the importance of gas recirculation on the chemical composition of the arcjet plume. The gas flow in the arcjet plume is supersonic, with a maximum axial speed of 2.6 km/s at the center of the nozzle exit. This axial velocity decreases with radius with a parabolic distribution in the plume. There is no measurable radial velocity in the free stream of the arcjet plume, and the radial expansion of the plume is consistent with diffusion. The maximum temperature at the plume center is 2400 K and varies less than 15% with chamber pressures of 10-50 Torr. The substrate is placed in the arcjet plume normally to the directed velocity, producing a stagnation point. The gas temperature above this stagnation point is observed to rise abruptly as a consequence of the supersonic shock. The radial velocity near the stagnation point becomes significant, and a maximum radial velocity of 1300 m/s is determined.
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