1
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Yuan S, Almagro J, Fuchs E. Beyond genetics: driving cancer with the tumour microenvironment behind the wheel. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:274-286. [PMID: 38347101 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has long been viewed as a genetic disease of cumulative mutations. This notion is fuelled by studies showing that ageing tissues are often riddled with clones of complex oncogenic backgrounds coexisting in seeming harmony with their normal tissue counterparts. Equally puzzling, however, is how cancer cells harbouring high mutational burden contribute to normal, tumour-free mice when allowed to develop within the confines of healthy embryos. Conversely, recent evidence suggests that adult tissue cells expressing only one or a few oncogenes can, in some contexts, generate tumours exhibiting many of the features of a malignant, invasive cancer. These disparate observations are difficult to reconcile without invoking environmental cues triggering epigenetic changes that can either dampen or drive malignant transformation. In this Review, we focus on how certain oncogenes can launch a two-way dialogue of miscommunication between a stem cell and its environment that can rewire downstream events non-genetically and skew the morphogenetic course of the tissue. We review the cells and molecules of and the physical forces acting in the resulting tumour microenvironments that can profoundly affect the behaviours of transformed cells. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the remarkable diversity in the relative importance of mutational burden versus tumour microenvironment and its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Yuan
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Almagro J, Messal HA. Volume imaging to interrogate cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interactions in space and time. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176594. [PMID: 37261345 PMCID: PMC10228654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume imaging visualizes the three-dimensional (3D) complexity of tumors to unravel the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the heterogeneous landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tissue clearing and intravital microscopy (IVM) constitute rapidly progressing technologies to study the architectural context of such interactions. Tissue clearing enables high-resolution imaging of large samples, allowing for the characterization of entire tumors and even organs and organisms with tumors. With IVM, the dynamic engagement between cancer cells and the TME can be visualized in 3D over time, allowing for acquisition of 4D data. Together, tissue clearing and IVM have been critical in the examination of cancer-TME interactions and have drastically advanced our knowledge in fundamental cancer research and clinical oncology. This review provides an overview of the current technical repertoire of fluorescence volume imaging technologies to study cancer and the TME, and discusses how their recent applications have been utilized to advance our fundamental understanding of tumor architecture, stromal and immune infiltration, vascularization and innervation, and to explore avenues for immunotherapy and optimized chemotherapy delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hendrik A. Messal
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Smith MB, Sparks H, Almagro J, Chaigne A, Behrens A, Dunsby C, Salbreux G. Active mesh and neural network pipeline for cell aggregate segmentation. Biophys J 2023; 122:1586-1599. [PMID: 37002604 PMCID: PMC10183373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Segmenting cells within cellular aggregates in 3D is a growing challenge in cell biology due to improvements in capacity and accuracy of microscopy techniques. Here, we describe a pipeline to segment images of cell aggregates in 3D. The pipeline combines neural network segmentations with active meshes. We apply our segmentation method to cultured mouse mammary gland organoids imaged over 24 h with oblique plane microscopy, a high-throughput light-sheet fluorescence microscopy technique. We show that our method can also be applied to images of mouse embryonic stem cells imaged with a spinning disc microscope. We segment individual cells based on nuclei and cell membrane fluorescent markers, and track cells over time. We describe metrics to quantify the quality of the automated segmentation. Our segmentation pipeline involves a Fiji plugin that implements active mesh deformation and allows a user to create training data, automatically obtain segmentation meshes from original image data or neural network prediction, and manually curate segmentation data to identify and correct mistakes. Our active meshes-based approach facilitates segmentation postprocessing, correction, and integration with neural network prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Sparks
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Agathe Chaigne
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Cancer Stem Cell Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics and Evolution, Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Ng KW, Boumelha J, Enfield KSS, Almagro J, Cha H, Pich O, Karasaki T, Moore DA, Salgado R, Sivakumar M, Young G, Molina-Arcas M, de Carné Trécesson S, Anastasiou P, Fendler A, Au L, Shepherd STC, Martínez-Ruiz C, Puttick C, Black JRM, Watkins TBK, Kim H, Shim S, Faulkner N, Attig J, Veeriah S, Magno N, Ward S, Frankell AM, Al Bakir M, Lim EL, Hill MS, Wilson GA, Cook DE, Birkbak NJ, Behrens A, Yousaf N, Popat S, Hackshaw A, Hiley CT, Litchfield K, McGranahan N, Jamal-Hanjani M, Larkin J, Lee SH, Turajlic S, Swanton C, Downward J, Kassiotis G. Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy. Nature 2023; 616:563-573. [PMID: 37046094 PMCID: PMC10115647 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)1,2. Although TLS have been found to correlate with improved patient survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the underlying mechanisms of this association remain elusive1,2. Here we investigate lung-resident B cell responses in patients from the TRACERx 421 (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy) and other lung cancer cohorts, and in a recently established immunogenic mouse model for lung adenocarcinoma3. We find that both human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas elicit local germinal centre responses and tumour-binding antibodies, and further identify endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope glycoproteins as a dominant anti-tumour antibody target. ERV-targeting B cell responses are amplified by ICB in both humans and mice, and by targeted inhibition of KRAS(G12C) in the mouse model. ERV-reactive antibodies exert anti-tumour activity that extends survival in the mouse model, and ERV expression predicts the outcome of ICB in human lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we find that effective immunotherapy in the mouse model requires CXCL13-dependent TLS formation. Conversely, therapeutic CXCL13 treatment potentiates anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with ICB. Our findings provide a possible mechanistic basis for the association of TLS with immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jesse Boumelha
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Katey S S Enfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, ZAS Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monica Sivakumar
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - George Young
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Annika Fendler
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lewis Au
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Scott T C Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Shim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Attig
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Magno
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sophia Ward
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Frankell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark S Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gareth A Wilson
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel E Cook
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
- CRUK Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nadia Yousaf
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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5
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Almagro J, Messal HA, Elosegui-Artola A, van Rheenen J, Behrens A. Tissue architecture in tumor initiation and progression. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:494-505. [PMID: 35300951 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 3D architecture of tissues bearing tumors impacts on the mechanical microenvironment of cancer, the accessibility of stromal cells, and the routes of invasion. A myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic forces exerted by the cancer cells, the host tissue, and the molecular and cellular microenvironment modulate the morphology of the tumor and its malignant potential through mechanical, biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic cues. Recent studies have investigated how tissue architecture influences cancer biology from tumor initiation and progression to distant metastatic seeding and response to therapy. With a focus on carcinoma, the most common type of cancer, this review discusses the latest discoveries on how tumor architecture is built and how tissue morphology affects the biology and progression of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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6
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Gomez-Diaz C, Jonsson G, Schodl K, Deszcz L, Bestehorn A, Eislmayr K, Almagro J, Kavirayani A, Seida M, Fennell LM, Hagelkruys A, Kovarik P, Penninger JM, Ikeda F. The ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1L regulates immune responses by interacting with linear ubiquitin chains. iScience 2021; 24:103241. [PMID: 34755089 PMCID: PMC8561004 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC), composed of HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN, promotes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent NF-κB signaling in diverse cell types. HOIL-1L contains an Npl4 Zinc Finger (NZF) domain that specifically recognizes linear ubiquitin chains, but its physiological role in vivo has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the HOIL-1L NZF domain has important regulatory functions in inflammation and immune responses in mice. We generated knockin mice (Hoil-1lT201A;R208A/T201A;R208A) expressing a HOIL-1L NZF mutant and observed attenuated responses to TNF- and LPS-induced shock, including prolonged survival, stabilized body temperature, reduced cytokine production, and liver damage markers. Cells derived from Hoil-1lT201A;R208A/T201A;R208A mice show reduced TNF-dependent NF-κB activation and incomplete recruitment of HOIL-1L into TNF Receptor (TNFR) Complex I. We further show that HOIL-1L NZF cooperates with SHARPIN to prevent TNFR-dependent skin inflammation. Collectively, our data suggest that linear ubiquitin-chain binding by HOIL-1L regulates immune responses and inflammation in vivo. An RBR-type E3 ligase HOIL-1L decodes linear ubiquitin chains via the NZF domain HOIL-1L NZF is essential for proper responses to LPS and TNF-induced shock in mice Intact HOIL-1L NZF is required for activating the TNF-induced NF-kB pathway HOIL-1L NZF cooperates with SHARPIN to control inflammation in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gomez-Diaz
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Schodl
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luiza Deszcz
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Bestehorn
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Eislmayr
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge Almagro
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anoop Kavirayani
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mayu Seida
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation (MIB), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Lilian M Fennell
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Medical Institute of Bioregulation (MIB), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The visualization of whole organs and organisms through tissue clearing and fluorescence volumetric imaging has revolutionized the way we look at biological samples. Its application to solid tumours is changing our perception of tumour architecture, revealing signalling networks and cell interactions critical in tumour progression, and provides a powerful new strategy for cancer diagnostics. This Review introduces the latest advances in tissue clearing and three-dimensional imaging, examines the challenges in clearing epithelia - the tissue of origin of most malignancies - and discusses the insights that tissue clearing has brought to cancer research, as well as the prospective applications to experimental and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Convergence Science Centre and Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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8
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González-Martínez J, Cwetsch AW, Martínez-Alonso D, López-Sainz LR, Almagro J, Melati A, Gómez J, Pérez-Martínez M, Megías D, Boskovic J, Gilabert-Juan J, Graña-Castro O, Pierani A, Behrens A, Ortega S, Malumbres M. Deficient adaptation to centrosome duplication defects in neural progenitors causes microcephaly and subcortical heterotopias. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146364. [PMID: 34237032 PMCID: PMC8409993 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in centrosomal and chromosomal dynamics during mitosis. Detailed MCPH pathogenesis at the cellular level is still elusive, given the diversity of MCPH genes and lack of comparative in vivo studies. By generating a series of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic KOs, we report here that — whereas defects in spindle pole proteins (ASPM, MCPH5) result in mild MCPH during development — lack of centrosome (CDK5RAP2, MCPH3) or centriole (CEP135, MCPH8) regulators induces delayed chromosome segregation and chromosomal instability in neural progenitors (NPs). Our mouse model of MCPH8 suggests that loss of CEP135 results in centriole duplication defects, TP53 activation, and cell death of NPs. Trp53 ablation in a Cep135-deficient background prevents cell death but not MCPH, and it leads to subcortical heterotopias, a malformation seen in MCPH8 patients. These results suggest that MCPH in some MCPH patients can arise from the lack of adaptation to centriole defects in NPs and may lead to architectural defects if chromosomally unstable cells are not eliminated during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Martínez
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U-1266, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diego Martínez-Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R López-Sainz
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Melati
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,University of Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Alessandra Pierani
- Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U-1266, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Messal HA, Almagro J, Zaw Thin M, Tedeschi A, Ciccarelli A, Blackie L, Anderson KI, Miguel-Aliaga I, van Rheenen J, Behrens A. Antigen retrieval and clearing for whole-organ immunofluorescence by FLASH. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:239-262. [PMID: 33247285 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in light-sheet and confocal microscopy now allow imaging of cleared large biological tissue samples and enable the 3D appreciation of cell and protein localization in their native organ environment. However, the sample preparations for such imaging are often onerous, and their capability for antigen detection is limited. Here, we describe FLASH (fast light-microscopic analysis of antibody-stained whole organs), a simple, rapid, fully customizable technique for molecular phenotyping of intact tissue volumes. FLASH utilizes non-degradative epitope recovery and membrane solubilization to enable the detection of a multitude of membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens in whole mouse organs and embryos, human biopsies, organoids and Drosophila. Retrieval and immunolabeling of epithelial markers, an obstacle for previous clearing techniques, can be achieved with FLASH. Upon volumetric imaging, FLASH-processed samples preserve their architecture and integrity and can be paraffin-embedded for subsequent histopathological analysis. The technique can be performed by scientists trained in light microscopy and yields results in <1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Blackie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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10
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Fortea JI, Puerto M, Fernández-Mena C, Asensio I, Arriba M, Almagro J, Bañares J, Ripoll C, Bañares R, Vaquero J. Sevoflurane versus ketamine+diazepam anesthesia for assessing systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in rats with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233778. [PMID: 32469999 PMCID: PMC7259621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of the anesthetic regime is a crucial component in many experimental animal studies. In rodent models of liver disease, the combination of ketamine and diazepam (KD), generally by the intramuscular (i.m.) route, has traditionally been the anesthesia of choice for the evaluation of systemic and hepatic hemodynamics but it presents several problems. Here, we compared the performance of inhalational sevoflurane (Sevo) against the KD combination as the anesthesia used for hemodynamic studies involving the measurement of portal pressure in normal rats (Ctrl) and rats with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). Compared with Ctrl rats, rats with PPVL presented characteristic alterations that were not influenced by the anesthetic regime, which included liver atrophy, splenomegaly, increased plasma fibrinogen, decreased alkaline phosphatase and glycemia, and frequent ascites. The use of the KD combination presented several disadvantages compared with the inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane, including considerable mortality, a higher need of dose adjustments to maintain an optimal depth of anesthesia, increases of heart rate, and alteration of blood biochemical parameters such as the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate, and lactic dehydrogenase. Rats anesthetized with sevoflurane, on the other hand, presented lower respiratory rates. Importantly, the anesthetic regime did not influence the measurement of portal pressure either in Ctrl or PPVL rats, with the increase of portal pressure being similar in Sevo- and KD- anesthetized groups of PPVL rats compared with their respective control groups. Overall, our results suggest that anesthesia with sevoflurane is preferable to the combination of KD for performing systemic and hepatic hemodynamic studies in rats with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Fortea
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Puerto
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Mena
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Asensio
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arriba
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Almagro
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rafael Bañares
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- HepatoGastro Lab, Servicio de Ap. Digestivo del HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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11
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Tedeschi A, Almagro J, Renshaw MJ, Messal HA, Behrens A, Petronczki M. Cep55 promotes cytokinesis of neural progenitors but is dispensable for most mammalian cell divisions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1746. [PMID: 32269212 PMCID: PMC7142149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell lines, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates abscission, the process that physically separates daughter cells and completes cell division. Cep55 protein is regarded as the master regulator of abscission, because it recruits ESCRT-III to the midbody (MB), the site of abscission. However, the importance of this mechanism in a mammalian organism has never been tested. Here we show that Cep55 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Cep55-knockout offspring show microcephaly and primary neural progenitors require Cep55 and ESCRT for survival and abscission. However, Cep55 is dispensable for cell division in embryonic or adult tissues. In vitro, division of primary fibroblasts occurs without Cep55 and ESCRT-III at the midbody and is not affected by ESCRT depletion. Our work defines Cep55 as an abscission regulator only in specific tissue contexts and necessitates the re-evaluation of an alternative ESCRT-independent cell division mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK.
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- Advanced Light Microscopy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark Petronczki
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Fortea JI, Fernández-Mena C, Puerto M, Ripoll C, Almagro J, Bañares J, Bellón JM, Bañares R, Vaquero J. Comparison of Two Protocols of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis in Rats - Improving Yield and Reproducibility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9163. [PMID: 29907790 PMCID: PMC6003930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a cardinal experimental model, the induction of cirrhosis in rats by repeated exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has low reproducibility. Here, we compared two models of cirrhosis induced by orogastric administration of CCl4 once (CCl4-1xWk) or twice a week (CCl4-2xWk) for 12 weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control rats received water instead of CCl4. Both CCl4 protocols similarly attenuated body weight gain (p < 0.01 vs. Control). Although both CCl4 protocols increased hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension and splenomegaly, the magnitude of these alterations was higher and more consistent in CCl4-2xWk rats. Importantly, two CCl4-1xWk rats did not develop cirrhosis versus a 100% yield of cirrhosis in CCl4-2xWk rats. The CCl4-2xWk protocol consistently induced liver atrophy together with hematological, biochemical and coagulation abnormalities characteristic of advanced cirrhosis that were absent in CCl4-1xWk rats. Ascites occurred in 20% and 80% of rats in theCCl4-1xWk and CCl4-2xWk groups (p < 0.01). All rats showed normal renal function, arterial blood gases and stable systemic hemodynamics. The total dose of CCl4 and mortality rate were similar in both protocols. The CCl4-2xWk protocol, therefore, was highly reproducible and effective for the induction of experimental cirrhosis within a confined time, representing a valuable advance for liver research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Fortea
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Mena
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Puerto
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Bellón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Statistics, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Fortea JI, Zipprich A, Fernandez-Mena C, Puerto M, Bosoi CR, Almagro J, Hollenbach M, Bañares J, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Cercenado E, Clément MA, Rose CF, Bañares R, Vaquero J, Ripoll C. Enoxaparin does not ameliorate liver fibrosis or portal hypertension in rats with advanced cirrhosis. Liver Int 2018; 38:102-112. [PMID: 28665498 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent studies suggest that heparins reduce liver fibrosis and the risk of decompensation of liver disease. Here, we evaluated the effects of enoxaparin in several experimental models of advanced cirrhosis. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by: (i) Oral gavage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4ORAL ), (ii) Bile duct ligation (BDL) and (iii) CCl4 inhalation (CCl4INH ). Rats received saline or enoxaparin s.c. (40 IU/Kg/d or 180 IU/Kg/d) following various protocols. Blood biochemical parameters, liver fibrosis, endothelium- and fibrosis-related genes, portal pressure, splenomegaly, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation and survival were evaluated. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by in situ bivascular liver perfusions. RESULTS Enoxaparin did not ameliorate liver function, liver fibrosis, profibrogenic gene expression, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, ascites development and infection, serum IL-6 levels or survival in rats with CCl4ORAL or BDL-induced cirrhosis. Contrarily, enoxaparin worsened portal pressure in BDL rats and decreased survival in CCl4ORAL rats. In CCl4INH rats, enoxaparin had no effects on hepatic endothelial dysfunction, except for correcting the hepatic arterial dysfunction when enoxaparin was started with the CCl4 exposure. In these rats, however, enoxaparin increased liver fibrosis and the absolute values of portal venous and sinusoidal resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a role of enoxaparin for improving liver fibrosis, portal hypertension or endothelial dysfunction in active disease at advanced stages of cirrhosis. These disease-related factors and the possibility of a limited therapeutic window should be considered in future studies evaluating the use of anticoagulants in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Fortea
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Carolina Fernandez-Mena
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Puerto
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina R Bosoi
- Hepato-neuro laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus Hollenbach
- Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Juan Bañares
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc-André Clément
- Hepato-neuro laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-neuro laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Laboratorio Investigación Hepatología y Gastroenterología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Asaoka T, Almagro J, Ehrhardt C, Tsai I, Schleiffer A, Deszcz L, Junttila S, Ringrose L, Mechtler K, Kavirayani A, Gyenesei A, Hofmann K, Duchek P, Rittinger K, Ikeda F. Linear ubiquitination by LUBEL has a role in Drosophila heat stress response. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1624-1640. [PMID: 27702987 PMCID: PMC5090701 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOIP ubiquitin E3 ligase generates linear ubiquitin chains by forming a complex with HOIL‐1L and SHARPIN in mammals. Here, we provide the first evidence of linear ubiquitination induced by a HOIP orthologue in Drosophila. We identify Drosophila CG11321, which we named Linear Ubiquitin E3 ligase (LUBEL), and find that it catalyzes linear ubiquitination in vitro. We detect endogenous linear ubiquitin chain‐derived peptides by mass spectrometry in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells and adult flies. Furthermore, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we establish linear ubiquitination‐defective flies by mutating residues essential for the catalytic activity of LUBEL. Linear ubiquitination signals accumulate upon heat shock in flies. Interestingly, flies with LUBEL mutations display reduced survival and climbing defects upon heat shock, which is also observed upon specific LUBEL depletion in muscle. Thus, LUBEL is involved in the heat response by controlling linear ubiquitination in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Asaoka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Ehrhardt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Tsai
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Luiza Deszcz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sini Junttila
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonie Ringrose
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin IRI for the Life Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Attila Gyenesei
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kay Hofmann
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Duchek
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
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15
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Jover JL, García JP, Martínez C, Espí A, Gregori E, Almagro J. [Hydroxyethyl starch to protect renal function in laparoscopic surgery]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 56:27-30. [PMID: 19284125 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(09)70317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prehydration with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven) compared to lactated Ringer solution in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a randomized single-blind clinical trial on patients classified as ASA 1 and 2. The exclusion criteria were hypertension, kidney failure, treatment with diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs, diabetes, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Balanced general anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane was used. The total volume of administered fluids (including prehydration) was 2 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) fasting plus 5 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) during surgery. Group 1 was prehydrated 30 minutes before surgery with 500 mL of lactated Ringer solution in group 1; in group 2 the same quantity of Voluven was used. Ringer solution was used in both groups to provide additional fluids. Blood pressure was kept within 20% above or below baseline values. Standard anesthetic monitoring was performed. Intraoperative diuresis and creatinine clearance were recorded. The groups were compared using the t test; a P value of 05 or less was considered significant. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Diuresis and creatinine clearance were significantly higher in the group that received prehydration with Voluven. The mean (SD) creatinine clearance rate was 176.44 (1433) mL x min(-1) in group 1 and 61.90 (6.6) mL x min(-1) in group 2 (P = .036). The mean volume of urine excreted was 1.71 (0.06) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 1 and 0.47 (0.02) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 2 (P = .017). CONCLUSION Prehydration with Voluven can be an effective measure for protecting renal function against the adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Jover
- Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital Verge dels Lliris, Alcoy, Alicante.
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16
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Lucena MI, Almagro J, Andrade RJ, Hidalgo Sanchez R, Sanchez de la Cuesta F. Oral fenoterol versus sustained release theophylline in adult asthmatics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 35:19-23. [PMID: 9021437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The question regarding the minimal effective oral dose of fenoterol remains unanswered. The present study was undertaken to compare the therapeutic effects of sustained release theophylline and a conventional low dose oral fenoterol in patients with asthma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, 2-phase, cross-over comparison between sustained-release theophylline (SR-T) and oral fenoterol 2.5 mg 3 times daily in 21 patients with stable bronchial asthma (mean age 51 years) was conducted. Each drug was administered for a 2-week period. All patients qualified with a > or = 15% reversibility in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) following 200 micrograms of inhaled salbutamol. Spirometric tests and body plethysmography were done at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Blood was drawn for routine laboratory analysis and serum theophylline concentration. During each treatment period the patient kept a diary of symptoms and the concurrent use of inhaled salbutamol was recorded. RESULTS During SR-T administration trough serum concentrations were 12.9 (1.5) mg/l mean (+/- SEM). SR-theophylline produced greater maximal changes in all parameters measured: FEV1, forced vital capacity, and specific airway resistance from the pretreatment and fenoterol phase, while fenoterol caused significant changes in none of the test variables. Patients showed an overall preference for SR-T over fenoterol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, 2.5 mg of fenoterol at 8-hour intervals did not prove to be an effective alternative to sustained release theophylline for management of patients with asthma. An appropriate dosing schedule for fenoterol needs to be redefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lucena
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital General, Jaen
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Lucena MI, Almagro J, Rius F, Sanchez de la Cuesta F. Bronchodilator effect and serum theophylline level after combined treatment with fenoterol and theophylline in reversible chronic airflow obstruction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 35:669-71. [PMID: 3234474 DOI: 10.1007/bf00637605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sustained-release theophylline 10.1 mg/kg b.d. was given with placebo of fenoterol 2.5 mg t.d.s. to 12 patients with chronic airway obstruction. Fenoterol did not significantly affect the steady state serum theophylline trough level (11.84 micrograms/ml for fenoterol vs 11.10 micrograms/ml for placebo). Addition of fenoterol produced no further increase in spirometric function nor in clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lucena
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Malaga, Spain
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