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Vargas-Molina S, García-Sillero M, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, García-Romero J, Benítez-Porres J. The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2306308. [PMID: 38285913 PMCID: PMC10826788 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2306308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary manipulation, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), on muscle strength assessment in resistance-training (RT) participants has focused on the one-repetition maximum test (1-RM). However, a pre-specified 1-RM value during an exercise training program disregards several confounding factors (i.e. sleep, diet, and training-induced fatigue) that affect the exerciser's "true" load and daily preparedness. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-week RT program on load control-related variables in trained subjects following a KD intervention. METHODS Fourteen resistance-trained individuals (3F, 11 M; 30.1 [6.2] years; 174.2 [7.6] cm; 75.7 [10.8] kg; BMI 24.8 [2.1] kg·m-2) completed this single-arm repeated-measures clinical trial. Load management variables included volume load, number of repetitions, perceived exertion (RPE), movement velocity loss, and exertion index. These primary outcomes were assessed weekly before, during, and at the end of a 6-week RT program that included traditional RT exercises (bench press, femoral lying down, lat pulldown, leg extension, and back squat). RESULTS There was a significant difference in RPE between weeks (p = 0.015, W = 0.19) with a slight trend in decreasing RPE. We found differences in the volume load per week (p < 0.001; W = 0.73 and p < 0.001, W = 0.81, respectively), with an increase in the last weeks. In the control of the load based on movement velocity, we did not find significant differences between weeks (p = 0.591, W = 0.06), although significant differences were found in the effort index (p = 0.026, W = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS A KD diet in recreational strength participants does not appear to lead to performance losses during a RT program aimed at improving body composition. However, the lack of adherence and familiarity with the ketogenic diet must be considered specially during first weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- University of Málaga, Physical education and sport area, Faculty of Medicine, Málaga, Spain
- Physical education and sport, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Sillero
- Physical education and sport, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Dynamical Business & Science Society – DBSS International SAS, Research Division, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de Córdoba, Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Montería, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Dynamical Business & Science Society – DBSS International SAS, Research Division, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de Córdoba, Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Montería, Colombia
| | - Jerónimo García-Romero
- University of Málaga, Physical education and sport area, Faculty of Medicine, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- University of Málaga, Physical education and sport area, Faculty of Medicine, Málaga, Spain
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Petro JL, Milán AF, Arenas E, Valle L, Hernández V, Calderón JC. Intact Short, Intermediate, and Long Skeletal Muscle Fibers Obtained by Enzymatic Dissociation of Six Hindlimb Muscles of Mice: Beyond Flexor Digitorum Brevis. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 38108405 DOI: 10.3791/65851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers obtained by enzymatic dissociation of mouse muscles are a useful model for physiological experiments. However, most papers deal with the short fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), which restrains the scope of results dealing with fiber types, limits the amount of biological material available, and impedes a clear connection between cellular physiological phenomena and previous biochemical and dynamical knowledge obtained in other muscles. This paper describes how to obtain intact fibers from six muscles with different fiber type profiles and lengths. Using C57BL/6 adult mice, we show the muscle dissection and fiber isolation protocol and demonstrate the suitability of the fibers for Ca2+ transient studies and their morphometric characterization. The fiber type composition of the muscles is also presented. When dissociated, all muscles rendered intact, living fibers that contract briskly for more than 24 h. FDB gave short (<1 mm), peroneus digiti quarti (PDQA) and peroneus longus (PL) gave intermediate (1-3 mm), while extensor digitorum longus (EDL), extensor hallucis longus (EHL), and soleus muscles released long (3-6 mm) fibers. When recorded with the fast dye Mag-Fluo-4, Ca2+ transients of PDQA, PL, and EHL fibers showed the fast, narrow kinetics reminiscent of the morphology type II (MT-II), known to correspond to type IIX and IIB fibers. This is consistent with the fact that these muscles have over 90% of type II fibers compared with FDB (~80%) and soleus (~65%). Moving beyond FDB, we demonstrate for the first time the dissociation of several muscles, which render fibers spanning a range of lengths between 1 and 6 mm. These fibers are viable and give fast Ca2+ transients, indicating that the MT-II can be generalized to IIX and IIB fast fibers, regardless of their muscle source. These results increase the availability of models for mature skeletal muscle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Petro
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia
| | - Andrés F Milán
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia
| | - Erika Arenas
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia
| | - Laura Valle
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia
| | - Valeria Hernández
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia;
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Merlo R, Rodríguez-Chávez Á, Gómez-Castañeda PE, Rojas-Jaramillo A, Petro JL, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Profiling the Physical Performance of Young Boxers with Unsupervised Machine Learning: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:131. [PMID: 37505618 PMCID: PMC10384265 DOI: 10.3390/sports11070131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexico City is the location with the largest number of boxers in Mexico; in fact, it is the first city in the country to open a Technological Baccalaureate in Education and Sports Promotion with a pugilism orientation. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the physical-functional profile of applicants for admission to the baccalaureate in sports. A total of 227 young athletes (44F; 183M; 15.65 (1.79) years; 63.66 (14.98) kg; >3 years of boxing experience) participated in this study. Body mass (BM), maximal isometric handgrip (HG) strength, the height of the countermovement jump (CMJ), the velocity of straight boxing punches (PV), and the rear hand punch impact force (PIF) were measured. The young boxers were profiled using unsupervised machine learning algorithms, and the probability of superiority (ρ) was calculated as the effect size of the differences. K-Medoids clustering resulted in two sex-independent significantly different groups: Profile 1 (n = 118) and Profile 2 (n = 109). Except for BM, Profile 2 was statistically higher (p < 0.001) with a clear distinction in terms of superiority on PIF (ρ = 0.118), the PIF-to-BM ratio (ρ = 0.017), the PIF-to-HG ratio (ρ = 0.079) and the PIF-to-BM+HG ratio (ρ = 0.008). In general, strength levels explained most of the data variation; therefore, it is reasonable to recommend the implementation of tests aimed at assessing the levels of isometric and applied strength in boxing gestures. The identification of these physical-functional profiles might help to differentiate training programs during sports specialization of young boxing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Merlo
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Leon 37530, Mexico
- Colegio Profesional de Licenciados en Entrenamiento Deportivo (CPLED), Mexico City 03650, Mexico
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Chávez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Leon 37530, Mexico
| | - Pedro E Gómez-Castañeda
- Colegio Profesional de Licenciados en Entrenamiento Deportivo (CPLED), Mexico City 03650, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Entrenadores Deportivos, Comisión Nacional de Cultura Física y Deporte, Mexico City 08400, Mexico
| | - Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación CINDA, Instituto Departamental de Deportes de Antioquia (INDEPORTES), Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Bonilla DA, Peralta-Alzate JO, Bonilla-Henao JA, Cannataro R, Cardozo LA, Vargas-Molina S, Stout JR, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Insights into Non-Exercise Physical Activity on Control of Body Mass: A Review with Practical Recommendations. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020044. [PMID: 37092376 PMCID: PMC10123606 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), also called unstructured or informal physical activity, refers to those daily activities that require movement of the human body without planning or strict control of the physical effort made. Due to new technologies and motorized transportation devices, the general population has significantly decreased its NEPA. This increase in sedentary lifestyles, physical inactivity, and excessive energy intake is considered a risk factor for obesity, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and all-cause mortality. Searching in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, a narrative review of NEPA was carried out to address its conceptualization, promotion strategies for the general population, and monitoring through wearable devices. It is strongly recommended that governmental entities, health practitioners, and the construction industry adhere to "The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World" and implement different salutogenic urban strategies. These strategies aim to generate environments that motivate increases in NEPA, such as cycling and walking transportation (between 5000-12,500 steps per day), and the progression to physical exercise. There is a wide variety of electronic devices for personal use, such as accelerometers, smartphone apps, or "smart clothes", that allow for the monitoring of NEPA, some with a wide range of analysis variables contributing to the estimation of total daily energy expenditure and the promotion of healthy habits. In general, the further promotion and monitoring of NEPA is required as part of a strategy to promote healthy habits sustainable over time for the prevention and control of obesity and NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Javier O Peralta-Alzate
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Programa Talentos Colombia, Ministerio del Deporte, Apartado 057840, Colombia
| | - Jhonny A Bonilla-Henao
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Entrenamiento Deportivo (SISCAFED), Complejo Tecnológico, Agroindustrial, Pecuario y Turístico SENA, Apartado 057841, Colombia
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Galascreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luis A Cardozo
- Research and Measurement Group in Sports Training (IMED), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogota 111221, Colombia
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
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Petro JL, Fragozo-Ramos MC, Milán AF, Aristizabal JC, Gallo-Villegas JA, Calderón JC. Serum Levels of Myonectin Are Lower in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome and Are Negatively Correlated with Android Fat Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086874. [PMID: 37108038 PMCID: PMC10138930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myonectin has shown beneficial effects on lipid regulation in murine models; therefore, it may have implications in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the relationship between serum myonectin and serum lipids, global and regional fat mass, intramuscular lipid content, and insulin resistance (IR) in adults with metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study in sedentary adults who were diagnosed with MS or without MS (NMS). Serum myonectin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lipid profile by conventional techniques, and free fatty acids (FFA) by gas chromatography. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and intramuscular lipid content through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the right vastus lateralis muscle. IR was estimated with the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The MS (n = 61) and NMS (n = 29) groups were comparable in age (median (interquartile range): 51.0 (46.0-56.0) vs. 53.0 (45.5-57.5) years, p > 0.05) and sex (70.5% men vs. 72.4% women). MS subjects had lower serum levels of myonectin than NMS subjects (1.08 (0.87-1.35) vs. 1.09 (0.93-4.05) ng·mL-1, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, fat mass index and lean mass index showed that serum myonectin was negatively correlated with the android/gynoid fat mass ratio (R2 = 0.48, p < 0.01), but not with the lipid profile, FFA, intramuscular lipid content or HOMA-IR. In conclusion, serum myonectin is lower in subjects with MS. Myonectin negatively correlates with a component relevant to the pathophysiology of MS, such as the android/gynoid fat mass ratio, but not with other components such as FFA, intramuscular fat or IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Petro
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences-GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - María Carolina Fragozo-Ramos
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Milán
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Juan C Aristizabal
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Gallo-Villegas
- Sports Medicine Postgraduate Program, and GRINMADE Research Group, SICOR Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Sánchez IA, Cuchimba JA, Pineda MC, Argüello YP, Kočí J, Kreider RB, Petro JL, Bonilla DA. Adaptogens on Depression-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Integrative Review and Rationale of Synergism with Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5298. [PMID: 37047914 PMCID: PMC10094590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is considered the most important disorder affecting mental health. The aim of this systematic integrative review was: (i) to describe the effects of supplementation with adaptogens on variables related to depression in adults; and (ii) to discuss the potential combination with physical exercise to aid planning and commissioning future clinical research. An integrative review was developed complementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021249682). A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. With a Price index of 46.4%, we found that: (i) Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) is the most studied and supported adaptogen (17/41 [41.46%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis) followed by Crocus sativus L. or saffron (6/41 [14.63%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis and two systematic reviews); (ii) it is possible that the significantly better performance of adaptogens over placebo is due to the reduction of allostatic load via the action of secondary metabolites on BDNF regulation; and, (iii) the number of studies reporting physical activity levels is limited or null for those that combine an exercise program with the consumption of adaptogens. Aware of the need for a multidisciplinary approach for depression treatment, this systematic integrative review provides an up-to-date view for supporting the use of St. John's Wort and saffron as non-pharmacological strategies while also help commissioning future research on the efficacy of other adaptogens. It also contributes to the design of future clinical research studies that evaluate the consumption of herbal extracts plus physical exercise, mainly resistance training, as a potentially safe and powerful strategy to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A. Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia; (I.A.S.)
| | - Jaime A. Cuchimba
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia; (I.A.S.)
| | - María C. Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia; (I.A.S.)
| | - Yenny P. Argüello
- Grupo de Investigación Cuerpo, Sujeto y Educación—CSE, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia
| | - Jana Kočí
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.K.); (J.L.P.)
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.K.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.K.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Vargas-Molina S, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, Carbone L, García-Sillero M, Jurado-Castro JM, Schoenfeld BJ, Benítez-Porres J. Efficacy of progressive versus severe energy restriction on body composition and strength in concurrent trained women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1311-1321. [PMID: 36802029 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the concurrent training (CT) effect in combination with either progressive energy restriction (PER) or severe energy restriction (SER) on body composition and strength-related variables in resistance-trained women. METHODS Fourteen women (29.5 ± 3.8 years; 23.8 ± 2.8 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to a PER (n = 7) or SER (n = 7) group. Participants performed an 8-week CT program. Pre- and post-intervention measures of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and strength-related variables were assessed through 1-repetition maximum (in the squat and bench press) and countermovement jump. RESULTS Significant reductions in FM were observed in PER and SER (Δ = - 1.7 ± 0.4 kg; P = < 0.001; ES = - 0.39 and Δ = - 1.2 ± 0.6 kg; P = 0.002; ES = - 0.20, respectively). After correcting FFM for fat-free adipose tissue (FFAT), no significant differences for this variable were found either in PER (Δ = - 0.3 ± 0.1; P = 0.071; ES = - 0.06) or in SER (Δ = - 0.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.578; ES = - 0.04). There were no significant changes in the strength-related variables. No between-group differences were found in any of the variables. CONCLUSION A PER has similar effects to a SER on body composition and strength in resistance-trained women performing a CT program. Given that PER is more flexible and thus may enhance dietary adherence, it might be a better alternative for FM reduction compared to SER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Physical Education and Sports Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | | | - José Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Osuna University School, Teaching Center Attached to the University of Seville, 41640, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Physical Education and Sports Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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Vargas-Molina S, García-Sillero M, Kreider RB, Salinas E, Petro JL, Benítez-Porres J, Bonilla DA. A randomized open-labeled study to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate and combined training on jump and scoring performance in young basketball players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:529-542. [PMID: 35966022 PMCID: PMC9364731 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to be an effective and safe nutritional supplement to improve performance; however, the impact of CrM supplementation in young basketball players is less clear. This study evaluated the effects of CrM supplementation during a strength and conditioning training (SCT) program on lower-limb strength parameters and performance in under-16 (U16) basketball players. Methods Twenty-three male U16 basketball players participated in this study (14.3 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 2.2 kg∙m−2). The players were randomly assigned to either a CrM group (n = 12) that ingested 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of CrM or to a non-supplemented control group (n = 11, CON). The athletes participated in an 8-week SCT program consisting of two lower-limb resistance-training sessions and two plyometric sessions per week. Squat jump (SJ), drop jump (DP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) jump power tests as well as basketball performance (points and minutes per game) were measured before, during and/or after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures with independent Student’s t-test pairwise comparisons. Results The results (95% confidence interval for mean change from baseline) show that there were significant differences for all variables for CrM and CON, respectively: SJ (cm): 2.6 – 6.4, P < 0.01 and 2.2–5.1 P < 0.01; DJ (cm): 2.5–5.6, P < 0.01, and 1.8–4.4, P < 0.01; CMJ (cm): 0.3–0.8, P < 0.01, and 0.2–0.5, P < 0.01; ABK (cm): 2.8–5.5, P < 0.01 and 0.7–2.6, P = 0.003. A significant group x time interaction (p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.342) was observed in ABK performance. No significant group x time effects were seen in squat jump (p = 0.449, ηp2 = 0.028), drop jump (p = 0.143, ηp2 = 0.099), or counter movement jump (p = 0.304, ηp2 = 0.05). A significant interaction effect was also observed in points per game (p = 0.049, ηp2 = 0.149), while a non-significant but medium effect was seen in minutes per game (p = 0.166, ηp2 = 0.094). Conclusions CrM supplementation in conjunction with resistance and plyometric training increased the lower-limb ABK power and scoring performance in U16 basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Department of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
- University of Málaga, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Sillero
- Department of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- College Station, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Salinas
- Department of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Physical Education and Sport Area, Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Dynamical Business & Science Society – DBSS INTERNATIONAL, Research Division, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogotá, Colombia
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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Bonilla DA, Sánchez-Rojas IA, Mendoza-Romero D, Moreno Y, Kočí J, Gómez-Miranda LM, Rojas-Valverde D, Petro JL, Kreider RB. Profiling Physical Fitness of Physical Education Majors Using Unsupervised Machine Learning. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 36612474 PMCID: PMC9819558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The academic curriculum has shown to promote sedentary behavior in college students. This study aimed to profile the physical fitness of physical education majors using unsupervised machine learning and to identify the differences between sexes, academic years, socioeconomic strata, and the generated profiles. A total of 542 healthy and physically active students (445 males, 97 females; 19.8 [2.2] years; 66.0 [10.3] kg; 169.5 [7.8] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. Their indirect VO2max (Cooper and Shuttle-Run 20 m tests), lower-limb power (horizontal jump), sprint (30 m), agility (shuttle run), and flexibility (sit-and-reach) were assessed. The participants were profiled using clustering algorithms after setting the optimal number of clusters through an internal validation using R packages. Non-parametric tests were used to identify the differences (p < 0.05). The higher percentage of the population were freshmen (51.4%) and middle-income (64.0%) students. Seniors and juniors showed a better physical fitness than first-year students. No significant differences were found between their socioeconomic strata (p > 0.05). Two profiles were identified using hierarchical clustering (Cluster 1 = 318 vs. Cluster 2 = 224). The matching analysis revealed that physical fitness explained the variation in the data, with Cluster 2 as a sex-independent and more physically fit group. All variables differed significantly between the sexes (except the body mass index [p = 0.218]) and the generated profiles (except stature [p = 0.559] and flexibility [p = 0.115]). A multidimensional analysis showed that the body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility contributed the most to the data variation so that they can be used as profiling variables. This profiling method accurately identified the relevant variables to reinforce exercise recommendations in a low physical performance and overweight majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Isabel A. Sánchez-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia
| | - Darío Mendoza-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Jana Kočí
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Núcleo de Estudios para el Alto Rendimiento y la Salud (NARS-CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencia del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencia del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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10
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Bonilla DA, Cardozo LA, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Arévalo-Rodríguez A, Vargas-Molina S, Stout JR, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191912710. [PMID: 36232010 PMCID: PMC9565175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus-response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Luis A. Cardozo
- Research and Measurement Group in Sports Training (IMED), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Adrián Arévalo-Rodríguez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Centro de Capacitación en Acondicionamiento y Preparación Física (CCAPF), Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
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11
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Bonilla DA, Duque-Zuluaga LT, Muñoz-Urrego LP, Franco-Hoyos K, Agudelo-Martínez A, Kammerer-López M, Petro JL, Kreider RB. Development and Validation of a Novel Waist Girth-Based Equation to Estimate Fat Mass in Young Colombian Elite Athletes (F20CA Equation): A STROSA-Based Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194059. [PMID: 36235712 PMCID: PMC9572533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) from anthropometry-related data requires population-specific equations to avoid incorrect interpretations in young athletes. Waist girth (WG) has been described as potential predictor of fat mass (FM) in several populations; however, there are no valid WG-based equations to estimate body composition in young Colombian athletes. The aim of this STandardisierte BerichtsROutine für Sekundärdaten Analysen STROSA-based study was twofold: i) to validate the relative fat mass (RFM) and its pediatric version (RFMp) compared to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ii) to develop a new equation (F20CA) to estimate the fat mass in Colombian children and adolescent elite athletes. A total of 114 young athletes that belong to the ‘Team Medellín’ program (58F, 56M; 51 children, 63 adolescents; 14.85 [2.38] years; 55.09 [12.16] kg; 162.38 [11.53] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. The statistical analysis revealed a poor correlation, agreement and concordance of RFMp and RFM estimations with DXA measurements. After model specification using both Ordinary Least Square method and Bayesian analysis, the regression output revealed that sex, body mass-to-waist ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio were the statistically significant predictor variables that account for variability in FM. The new F20CA equation is expressed as FM (kg) = 5.46 ∗ (Sex) + 0.21 ∗ (BM/W [kg/m]) + 81.7 ∗ (W/Stature [cm/cm]) − 41.8 (R2 = 0.683; SEE = 2.468 kg), where sex is 0 for males and 1 for females. A moderate-to-high correlation and agreement of the F20CA was confirmed within the internal validation data set (R2 = 0.689; ICC [95%CI] = 0.805 [0.615, 0.904]; RMSE = 2.613 kg). The Bland–Altman analysis corroborated the high concordance between the reference method (DXA) and the F20CA-estimated FM (bias [95% LoA] = 1.02 [−3.77, 5.81] kg), indicating the two methods could be considered interchangeable. Even though external validation is needed, practitioners are advised to use the F20CA in young Colombian athletes with similar characteristics to those who participated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-3352050
| | - Leidy T. Duque-Zuluaga
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Laura P. Muñoz-Urrego
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Katherine Franco-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Agudelo-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Maximiliano Kammerer-López
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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12
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Vargas-Molina S, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, García-Romero JC, García-Sillero M, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J. Effects Of The Ketogenic Diet On Blood Biochemical Parameters In Resistance-trained Women: A Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000881196.36836.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Bonilla DA, Duque-Zuluaga LT, Muñoz-Urrego LP, Moreno Y, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Franco-Hoyos K, Agudelo-Martínez A, Humeres G, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10690. [PMID: 36078407 PMCID: PMC9518435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leidy T. Duque-Zuluaga
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Laura P. Muñoz-Urrego
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Katherine Franco-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Agudelo-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Humeres
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias de Rehabilitación y el Movimiento (ICRM), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
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14
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Bonilla DA, Castrillón-Ruíz L, Soto-Arenas LF, Márquez-Rodríguez MA, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Estimation of Stature in Adults: Development and Validation of a New Predictive Formula using the Tibiale Mediale-Sphyrion Tibiale Length. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.26.1.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several regression equations for estimating stature have been used by health professionals in the clinical, nutritional, and forensic practice. However, there is a lack of standardization when taking measures and further population-specific equations are needed. We aimed to develop and validate an equation to estimate stature in adult population using the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK)-standardized measurement Tibiale Mediale-Sphyrion Tibiale (TMST) length.
Methodology: A total of 188 Colombian adult women and men (23.1(4.0) years; 165.0(8.5) cm; 62.6(11.5) kg; 22.9(3.0) kg·m-2) participated in this STROBE-based cross-sectional study. Body mass, stature and TMST length were measured according to the ISAK protocol. Participants were randomly assigned to either the equation development group (n=81) or validation group (n=107). The new predictive equation of stature was derived by multiple linear regression analysis using TMST length, age and sex as predictors. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to assess agreement between the real and estimated stature.
Results: The selected predictive equation of stature (R2=0.851; SEE=4.36 cm) did not include the age since this variable did not have statistical influence on the results: 117.156 - (6.245 x Sex) + (1.482 x TMST); sex = 0 for men and 1 for women. ICC (95% CI) of 0.851 (0.788, 0.896) was obtained. The 95% limits-of-agreement between real and estimated stature ranged from 7.00 to -10.28 cm (bias -1.64 cm).
Conclusions: This new formula represents an ISAK-standardized, low-cost, and easy-to-apply method to estimate stature in population with mobility limitations (hospitalized, injured athletes, etc.) or in forensic anthropology. However, further external validation is needed.
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15
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Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Petro JL, Forero DA, Vargas-Molina S, Odriozola-Martínez A, Orozco CA, Stout JR, Rawson ES, Kreider RB. A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030724. [PMID: 35327526 PMCID: PMC8945881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers during stress-induced immunosuppression. Several literature and bioinformatics databases/repositories were utilized to review Fe metabolism and complement the molecular description of prioritized proteins. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to build a protein-protein interactions network for subsequent network topology analysis. Importantly, Fe is a sensitive double-edged sword where two extremes of its nutritional status may have harmful effects on innate and adaptive immunity. We identified clearly connected important hubs that belong to two clusters: (i) presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system with the involvement of redox reactions of Fe, heme, and Fe trafficking/transport; and (ii) ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation processes of proteins related to Fe metabolism in immune cells (e.g., macrophages). The identified potential biomarkers were in agreement with the current experimental evidence, are included in several immunological/biomarkers databases, and/or are emerging genetic markers for different stressful conditions. Although further validation is warranted, this hybrid method (human-machine collaboration) to extract meaningful biological applications using available data in literature and bioinformatics tools should be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Orozco
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Bonilla DA, Méndez CH, Angulo OJ, Cruz JA, Chaves JL, Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL, Palma LH. Efectos del ejercicio grupal de moderada intensidad sobre la presión arterial y capacidad funcional en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas. Rev int cienc deporte 2021. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2021.06602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio grupal de moderada intensidad (EGMI) sobre la presión arterial (PA) y la capacidad funcional (VO2pico) en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas. Treinta mujeres voluntarias (63.36±1.06 años; 158.6±5.50 cm; 70.97±9.44 kg; 28.21±2.60 kg·m-2) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de EGMI (n=15) y uno control (n=15, GC), el cual mantuvo sus actividades de la vida diaria, durante 12 semanas. Se evaluó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y el VO2pico, estimado usando el test de caminata de seis minutos, tanto antes como después de la intervención. Se encontró cambio significativo en la PAS en el grupo EGMI (cambio promedio [IC 95%], valor p, d de Cohen; -9.2 [-3.95, -14.44] mmHg, p=0.002, d=-0.7), mientras que no se encontraron cambios en el GC. La PAD no presentó cambios en el grupo EGMI, pero aumentó de manera significativa en el GC (10.0 [3.72, 16.27] mmHg, p=0.004, d=1.1). Se observó un incremento significativo en VO2pico en EGMI (3.87 [2.91, 4.82] ml∙kg-1∙min-1, p<0.001, d=1.2), sin diferencia en el GC. Hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos en PAS y en VO2pico (p=0.05). Nuestra propuesta de EGMI reduce la PAS y mejora la capacidad funcional en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas de +60 años.
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Cannataro R, Carbone L, Petro JL, Cione E, Vargas S, Angulo H, Forero DA, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Sarcopenia: Etiology, Nutritional Approaches, and miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9724. [PMID: 34575884 PMCID: PMC8466275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is mainly focused on the amount and quality of protein intake. The impact of several nutrition strategies that consider timing of food intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, metabolic control, and the role of mitochondrial function on the progression of sarcopenia is not fully understood. This narrative review summarizes the metabolic background of this phenomenon and proposes an integral nutritional approach (including dietary supplements such as creatine monohydrate) to target potential molecular pathways that may affect reduce or ameliorate the adverse effects of sarcopenia. Lastly, miRNAs, in particular those produced by skeletal muscle (MyomiR), might represent a valid tool to evaluate sarcopenia progression as a potential rapid and early biomarker for diagnosis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salvador, Buenos Aires 1020, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Heidy Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación Programa de Medicina (GINUMED), Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Jaimes DA, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Cárdenas JG, Duarte AO, Contreras D. Effects of three 8-week strength training programs on jump, speed and agility performance in prepubertal children. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Supervised strength training has been shown to promote physiological adaptations in children and youth that can be beneficial to the process of physical growth and developed, and general health status. METHODS: Sixty-three children (9.2 ± 0.5 years old) were randomly assigned to training groups: multi jumps (MJ) (n= 20), sled towing (ST) (n= 21), or uphill running (UR) (n= 22). The following tests were applied before and after each intervention: vertical jump (ABK, CMJ, SJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), velocity/agility 4 × 10 m, and 20 m sprint test (ST20m). RESULTS: After 8 weeks of training, statistically significant changes were found in all study variables for all groups, but with different effect sizes. In the ABK jump, the largest effect size was observed in UR (1.40, 0.97–1.85), while in ST and MJ it was medium (0.67, 0.44–0.98 and 0.48, 0.17–0.82, respectively). Similarly, the effect size in the SJ jump was large for the UR and ST groups (1.10, 0.78–1.51 and 1.30, 0.98–1.64, respectively) and medium in MJ (0.56, 0.24–0.97). However, the magnitude of the effect registered in SBJ was large in MJ (0.80, 0.55–1.15) and medium in UR and ST (0.56, 0.32–0.86 and 0.64, 0.42–1.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: All three training programs improve jumping and velocity/agility performance but based on clinical significance, UR and ST methods can be considered more efficient to improve physical performance in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A.R. Jaimes
- Physical Education, Recreation and Sports Department, University of San Buenaventura, Bello, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, University de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
- Research Division, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, University de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
- Research Division, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ailin O. Duarte
- System Engineering Department, University of Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Dennis Contreras
- Physical Education, Recreation and Sports Department, University of Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
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Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Petro JL, Romance R, García-Sillero M, Benítez-Porres J, Vargas-Molina S. Creatine Enhances the Effects of Cluster-Set Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Body Composition and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:2303. [PMID: 34371813 PMCID: PMC8308441 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and muscle strength when combined with resistance training (RT); however, no study has evaluated the combination of this nutritional strategy with cluster-set resistance training (CS-RT). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of CrM supplementation during a high-protein diet and a CS-RT program on lower-limb fat-free mass (LL-FFM) and muscular strength. Twenty-three resistance-trained men (>2 years of training experience, 26.6 ± 8.1 years, 176.3 ± 6.8 cm, 75.6 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to a CS-RT+CrM (n = 8), a CS-RT (n = 8), or a control group (n = 7). The CS-RT+CrM group followed a CrM supplementation protocol with 0.1 g·kg-1·day-1 over eight weeks. Two sessions per week of lower-limb CS-RT were performed. LL-FFM corrected for fat-free adipose tissue (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle strength (back squat 1 repetition maximum (SQ-1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were found in whole-body fat mass, fat percentage, LL-fat mass, LL-FFM, and SQ-1RM in the CS-RT+CrM and CS-RT groups; however, larger effect sizes were obtained in the CS-RT+CrM group regarding whole body FFM (0.64 versus 0.16), lower-limb FFM (0.62 versus 0.18), and SQ-1RM (1.23 versus 0.75) when compared to the CS-RT group. CMJ showed a significant improvement in the CS-RT+CrM group with no significant changes in CS-RT or control groups. No significant differences were found between groups. Eight weeks of CrM supplementation plus a high-protein diet during a CS-RT program has a higher clinical meaningfulness on lower-limb body composition and strength-related variables in trained males than CS-RT alone. Further research might study the potential health and therapeutic effects of this nutrition and exercise strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia;
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics®, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia;
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Ramón Romance
- Body Composition and Biodynamic Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Manuel García-Sillero
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (S.V.-M.)
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (S.V.-M.)
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
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Bonilla DA, De León LG, Alexander-Cortez P, Odriozola-Martínez A, Herrera-Amante CA, Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL. Simple anthropometry-based calculations to monitor body composition in athletes: Scoping review and reference values. Nutr Health 2021; 28:95-109. [PMID: 33792415 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinanthropometry offers to exercise and health professionals a standardized procedure of acquiring surface anatomical measurements that might be used to track changes in body composition. AIM To describe simple anthropometric indices to monitor body composition changes in amateur and elite athletes, and to provide reference values during the competition phase. METHODS A search of articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and SciELO databases using the string body composition AND (anthropometric OR skinfolds OR circumferences OR girth OR estimation equation) AND "body fat". Inclusion criteria were: quantitative and/or qualitative research published between 2009 and 2020, written in English or Spanish, reporting simple anthropometric indices that included skinfolds, girths, or basic measures in amateur and elite athletes. RESULTS A total of 51 studies (Price's index = 66.4%) met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. Contrary to the frequent practice, the use of a regression equation might not be accurate to evaluate body composition. To avoid this, anthropometrists should base their analysis on the absolute values of the sum of skinfolds (∑S) and related variables, such as skinfold-corrected girths and lean mass index. While not definitive, because further research is required, the practical recommendations and updated reference values in competition phase provided by this review would contribute to the accurate identification of body composition changes. CONCLUSIONS ∑S and lean mass index have been shown to be valid for monitoring changes in fat mass and fat-free mass, respectively. More research is needed to derive the lean mass index-specific coefficient for each sports population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, DBSS International, Colombia.,Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia.,kDNA Genomics®, 200145University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Lidia G De León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, 27763Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, DBSS International, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
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Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Gho C, Petro JL, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB. Effects of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 33670194 PMCID: PMC8006238 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is considered a potent adaptogen and anti-stress agent that could have some potential to improve physical performance. This preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)-based comprehensive systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis aimed to evaluate clinical trials up to 2020 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases regarding the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on physical performance in healthy individuals. Besides implementing estimation statistics analysis, we developed Bayesian hierarchical models for a pre-specified subgroup meta-analysis on strength/power, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatigue/recovery variables. A total of 13 studies met the requirements of this systematic review, although only 12 were included in the quantitative analysis. A low-to-moderate overall risk of bias of the trials included in this study was detected. All Bayesian hierarchical models converged to a target distribution (Ȓ = 1) for both meta-analytic effect size (μ) and between-study standard deviation (τ). The meta-analytic approaches of the included studies revealed that Ashwagandha supplementation was more efficacious than placebo for improving variables related to physical performance in healthy men and female. In fact, the Bayesian models showed that future interventions might be at least in some way beneficial on the analyzed outcomes considering the 95% credible intervals for the meta-analytic effect size. Several practical applications and future directions are discussed, although more comparable studies are needed in exercise training, and athletic populations are needed to derive a more stable estimate of the true underlying effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia; (Y.M.); (C.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia; (Y.M.); (C.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Camila Gho
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia; (Y.M.); (C.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia; (Y.M.); (C.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain;
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Phymo Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Vargas-Molina S, Romance R, Schoenfeld BJ, García M, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Martín-Rivera F, Benítez-Porres J. Effects of cluster training on body composition and strength in resistance-trained men. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cluster Training (CL) is an alternative to traditional training where intra-set breaks are incorporated. Positive effects have been reported on sports performance. However, there is little research on body composition in trained subjects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three cluster training (CL) protocols comprised of different intra-set rest (RIntra) and blocks of repetitions (BK) on strength, power and body composition in individuals maintaining a high protein diet. METHODS: Twenty-nine resistance-trained male participants were randomized to RIntra 20 s and BK 3 RM (n= 8, CL1), RIntra 40 s and BK 3 RM (n= 7, CL2), RIntra 20 s and BK 6 RM (n= 7, CL3), and control group (n= 7, CG). All participants performed two sessions per week of lower-limb resistance training for 8 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant changes in FFM in CL1 (0.9 ± 0.5 kg, P= 0.001, ES = 0.17), CL2 (0.6 ± 0.5 kg, P= 0.010, ES = 0.14) and CL3 (0.6 ± 0.4 kg, P= 0.011, ES = 0.14) but not in CG (0.4 ± 1.1 kg, P= 0.323, ES = 0.13). Likewise, significant increases were found in the cluster groups (CL1, 14.5 ± 12.3, P= 0.012, ES = 0.80; CL2, 10.1 ± 4.3, P= 0.001, ES = 0.60; CL3, 9.5 ± 4.9, P= 0.002, ES = 0.45) but not in CG (9.0 ± 9.0, P= 0.057, ES = 0.55). There were no significant changes for any group in CMJ. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a RIntra of ∼ 20 s in CL protocols with 3 RM blocks in multi-joint exercises of the lower-limb is sufficient to elicit significant training adaptations; no additional benefits were obtained using longer rest intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Manuel García
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | | | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Garcia-Sillero M, Petro JL, Romance R, Medina I, Bonilla DA, Schoenfeld BJ, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J, Vargas-Molina S. Effects Of Undulating Vs. Linear Resistance Training On Strength And Physical Fitness In Elderly Population. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683336.67012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Petro JL, Pérez L, Restrepo D, Aguirre-Acevedo D, Trillos C, Yepes-Calderón M, Valbuena L, Sánchez YL, Aristizábal JC, Narvaez-Sanchez R, Calderón JC, Gallo-Villegas J. High-intensity Interval Low-volume Vs Moderate-intensity Continuous Training On Exercise Enjoyment And Quality-of-life In Metabolic Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000678732.71602.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bonilla DA, Benítez-Porres J, Romance R, Medina I, Petro JL, Schoenfeld BJ, García-Sillero M, Kreider RB, Vargas-Molina S. Effects Of A Non-linear Resistance Training Program On Biochemical And Physiological Health Parameters In Elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683344.76754.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vargas-Molina S, García-Sillero M, Romance R, Medina I, Bonilla DA, Schoenfeld BJ, Petro JL, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J. Effects Of Undulating Vs. Linear Periodization On Body Composition In Untrained Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683180.91324.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL, Romance R, Kreider RB, Schoenfeld BJ, Bonilla DA, Benítez-Porres J. Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32276630 PMCID: PMC7146906 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. However, there is less evidence related to trained women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a KD on body composition and strength in trained women following an eight-week resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-one strength-trained women (27.6 ± 4.0 years; 162.1 ± 6.6 cm; 62.3 ± 7.8 kg; 23.7 ± 2.9 kg·m− 2) were randomly assigned to either a non-KD group (n = 11, NKD) or a KD group (n = 10, KD). Study outcomes included body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), strength levels measured using one maximum repetition (RM) in back squat and bench press (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) measured on a force plate. Results A significant reduction in fat mass was observed in KD (− 1.1 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.042; d = − 0.2) but not in NDK (0.3 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.225; d = 0.1). No significant changes in fat-free mass were observed in KD (− 0.7 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.202; d = − 0.1) or NKD (0.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.074; d = 0.2), but absolute changes favored NKD. No significant changes in BP were observed in KD (1.5 ± 4.6 kg; P = 0.329; d = 0.2), although significant changes were noted in the squat and CMJ (5.6 ± 7.6 kg; P = 0.045; d = 0.5 and 2.2 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.022; d = 0.6, respectively). In contrast, NKD showed significant increases in BP (4.8 ± 1.8; P < 0.01; d = 0.7), squat (15.6 ± 5.4 kg; P = 0.005; d = 1.4) and CMJ (22.0 + 4.2 cm; P = 0.001; d = 0.5). Conclusions Findings indicate that a KD may help to decrease fat mass and maintain fat-free mass after eight 8 weeks of RT in trained-women but is suboptimal for increasing fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Research Division, DBSS INTERNATIONAL SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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Vargas-Molina S, Martín-Rivera F, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, Carbone L, Romance R, deDiego M, Schoenfeld BJ, Benítez-Porres J. Comparison of blood lactate and perceived exertion responses in two matched time-under-tension protocols. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227640. [PMID: 31940407 PMCID: PMC6961884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of blood lactate [bLa-] and the subjective perception of exertion of trained men in a moderate repetition protocol (MRP) versus a high repetition protocol (HRP) equated for time under tension. Methods A sample of 40 healthy young men (aged, 23.2 ± 4.0 years; height, 177.3 ± 7.0 cm; BMI, 24.3 ± 2.2) performed two sessions of 8 sets of bicep curls with a one-week recovery interval between the trials. In the HRP protocol, 20 repetitions were performed with a cadence of 2 seconds of eccentric and 1 second of concentric, while in the MRP protocol 10 repetitions were performed with 4 seconds of eccentric and 2 seconds of concentric. Cadences were controlled by a metronome. At the beginning and end of each of the sessions, blood lactate was taken at 2, 15, and 30 minutes, and rating of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES) was assessed immediately after completion of each session. Results There were [bLa-] differences between protocols in the MRP 2 min, (5.2 ±1.4); 15 min, (3.2 ±1.2); 30 min, (1.9 ±0.6); p< 0.05, and the HRP 2 min, (6.1 ±1.6); 15 min, (3.7 ±1.1); 30 min, (2.2 ±0.6); p<0.01. OMNI-RES was higher in HRP, (8.8 ±0.7) than in MRP, (7.7 ±0.9). Additionally, a correlation was found between the RPE and [bLa-] values in the HRP protocol (rs = 0.35, p < 0.01). Conclusions Training protocols with high times under tension promote substantial increases in metabolic stress, however, our findings indicate that HRP generates more [bLa-] than MRP. In addition, there were higher RPE values in the HRP protocol compared to MRP in single-joint exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel deDiego
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Health Sciences Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Ortiz M, Ayala A, Petro JL, Argothy R, Garzón J, Bonilla DA. Evaluation of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in young Colombian athletes: An exploratory research. jhse 2020. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Morales-Rosillo DG, Petro JL, Bonilla DA. Proceso civilizatorio, violencia y deportes de combate; revisión integradora del boxeo vs artes marciales mixtas. [Civilizing process, violence, and combat sports; integrative review of boxing and mixed martial arts]. Rev int cienc deporte 2019. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2019.05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Romance R, Vargas S, Espinar S, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Schöenfeld BJ, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J. Oral Contraceptive Use does not Negatively Affect Body Composition and Strength Adaptations in Trained Women. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40:842-849. [PMID: 31491790 DOI: 10.1055/a-0985-4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the influence of oral contraceptive use on body composition and strength levels in trained women. Twenty-three resistance-trained women participated in this study (age=27.4±3.4 years; fat mass=28.0±5.0%; BMI=22.9±2.7 kg∙m-2). Subjects performed an 8-week non-linear resistance-training program. Participants were assigned to either a group that consumed oral contraceptives (n=12, OC) or to a group that did not consume (n=11, NOC). Changes in body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Strength performance was assessed via the one maximum repetition (1RM) test in the squat and bench press, and muscular power was evaluated using the countermovement jump (CMJ) test. Fat free mass increased significantly in OC but no changes were seen in NOC. There were no changes in fat mass for either OC or NOC. Significant changes were found in bench press 1RM for both OC and NOC; similarly, increases in squat 1RM were reported in OC and NOC. Alternatively, no significant changes were found in CMJ in both OC and NOC. No significant between-group differences were detected in any of the studied variables. The use of oral contraceptives during resistance training did not negatively affect body composition or strength levels in trained women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Brad J Schöenfeld
- Lehman College of CUNY Department of Health Sciences, Exercise Science Department, Bronx, United States
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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Vargas S, Petro JL, Romance R, Bonilla DA, Florido MÁ, Kreider RB, Schoenfeld BJ, Benítez-Porres J. Comparison of changes in lean body mass with a strength- versus muscle endurance-based resistance training program. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:933-940. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bonilla Ocampo DA, Paipilla AF, Marín E, Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL, Pérez-Idárraga A. Dietary Nitrate from Beetroot Juice for Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040134. [PMID: 30400267 PMCID: PMC6316347 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current therapeutic approaches, a nitrate-dietary supplementation with beetroot juice (BRJ) is postulated as a nutritional strategy that might help to control arterial blood pressure in healthy subjects, pre-hypertensive population, and even patients diagnosed and treated with drugs. In this sense, a systematic review of random clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2008 to 2018 from PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and manual searches was conducted to identify studies examining the relationship between BRJ and blood pressure. The specific inclusion criteria were: (1) RCTs; (2) trials that assessed only the BRJ intake with control group; and (3) trials that reported the effects of this intervention on blood pressure. The search identified 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. This review was able to demonstrate that BRJ supplementation is a cost-effective strategy that might reduce blood pressure in different populations, probably through the nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide (NO3−/NO2−/NO) pathway and secondary metabolites found in Beta vulgaris. This easily found and cheap dietary intervention could significantly decrease the risk of suffering cardiovascular events and, in doing so, would help to diminish the mortality rate associated to this pathology. Hence, BRJ supplementation should be promoted as a key component of a healthy lifestyle to control blood pressure in healthy and hypertensive individuals. However, several factors related to BRJ intake (e.g., gender, secondary metabolites present in B. vulgaris, etc.) should be studied more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Bonilla Ocampo
- Research Division, DBSS, 110861 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 110311 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, 230002 Montería, Colombia.
| | - Andrés F Paipilla
- Research Division, DBSS, 110861 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Institución Educativa CCAPF, 111511 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Estevan Marín
- Research Division, DBSS, 110861 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dr. Félix Gómez Endocrinometabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, 15424 Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Research Division, DBSS, 110861 Bogotá, Colombia.
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29017 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, DBSS, 110861 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, 230002 Montería, Colombia.
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Vargas S, Romance R, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Galancho I, Espinar S, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J. Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:31. [PMID: 29986720 PMCID: PMC6038311 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets (KD) have become a popular method of promoting weight loss. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. This study evaluated the efficacy of an 8-week ketogenic diet (KD) during energy surplus and resistance training (RT) protocol on body composition in trained men. METHODS Twenty-four healthy men (age 30 ± 4.7 years; weight 76.7 ± 8.2 kg; height 174.3 ± 19.7 cm) performed an 8-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned to a KD group (n = 9), non-KD group (n = 10, NKD), and control group (n = 5, CG) in hyperenergetic condition. Body composition changes were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Compliance with the ketosis state was monitored by measuring urinary ketones weekly. Data were analyzed using a univariate, multivariate and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in fat mass (mean change, 95% CI; p-value; Cohen's d effect size [ES]; - 0.8 [- 1.6, - 0.1] kg; p < 0.05; ES = - 0.46) and visceral adipose tissue (- 96.5 [- 159.0, - 34.0] g; p < 0.05; ES = - 0.84), while no significant changes were observed in the NKD and CG in fat mass (- 0,5 [- 1.2, 0.3] kg; p > 0.05; ES = - 0.17 and - 0,5 [- 2.4, 1.3] kg; p > 0.05; ES = - 0.12, respectively) or visceral adipose tissue (- 33.8 [- 90.4, 22.8]; p > 0.5; ES = - 0.17 and 1.7 [- 133.3, 136.7]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.01, respectively). No significant increases were observed in total body weight (- 0.9 [- 2.3, 0.6]; p > 0.05; ES = [- 0.18]) and muscle mass (- 0.1 [- 1.1,1.0]; p > 0,05; ES = - 0.04) in the KD group, but the NKD group showed increases in these parameters (0.9 [0.3, 1.5] kg; p < 0.05; ES = 0.18 and (1.3[0.5, 2.2] kg; p < 0,05; ES = 0.31, respectively). There were no changes neither in total body weight nor lean body mass (0.3 [- 1.2, 1.9]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.05 and 0.8 [- 0.4, 2.1]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.26, respectively) in the CG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a KD might be an alternative dietary approach to decrease fat mass and visceral adipose tissue without decreasing lean body mass; however, it might not be useful to increase muscle mass during positive energy balance in men undergoing RT for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain. .,Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Diego A Bonilla
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Salvador V, Romance R, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Galancho I, Espinar S, Kreider RB, Benitez-Porres J. Efficacy Of Ketogenic Diet On Body Composition During Resistance Training In Trained Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535634.18139.f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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