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Teuber-Hanselmann S, Worm K, Macha N, Junker A. MGMT-Methylation in Non-Neoplastic Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083845. [PMID: 33917711 PMCID: PMC8068191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation plays an essential role in assessing the potential efficacy of alkylating agents in the chemotherapy of malignant gliomas. MGMT promoter methylation is considered to be a characteristic of subgroups of certain malignancies but has also been described in various peripheral inflammatory diseases. However, MGMT promoter methylation levels have not yet been investigated in non-neoplastic brain diseases. This study demonstrates for the first time that one can indeed detect slightly enhanced MGMT promoter methylation in individual cases of inflammatory demyelinating CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal leucencephalopathy (PML), as well as in other demyelinating diseases such as central pontine and exptrapontine myelinolysis, and diseases with myelin damage such as Wallerian degeneration. In this context, we identified a reduction in the expression of the demethylase TET1 as a possible cause for the enhanced MGMT promoter methylation. Hence, we show for the first time that MGMT hypermethylation occurs in chronic diseases that are not strictly associated to distinct pathogens, oncogenic viruses or neoplasms but that lead to damage of the myelin sheath in various ways. While this gives new insights into epigenetic and pathophysiological processes involved in de- and remyelination, which might offer new therapeutic opportunities for demyelinating diseases in the future, it also reduces the specificity of MGMT hypermethylation as a tumor biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teuber-Hanselmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (S.T.-H.); (N.M.)
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Nicole Macha
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (S.T.-H.); (N.M.)
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (S.T.-H.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-3315
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2
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Heydt C, Wölwer CB, Velazquez Camacho O, Wagener-Ryczek S, Pappesch R, Siemanowski J, Rehker J, Haller F, Agaimy A, Worm K, Herold T, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Kirchner T, Jung A, Kumbrink J, Goering W, Esposito I, Buettner R, Hillmer AM, Merkelbach-Bruse S. Detection of gene fusions using targeted next-generation sequencing: a comparative evaluation. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:62. [PMID: 33639937 PMCID: PMC7912891 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene fusions represent promising targets for cancer therapy in lung cancer. Reliable detection of multiple gene fusions is therefore essential. METHODS Five commercially available parallel sequencing assays were evaluated for their ability to detect gene fusions in eight cell lines and 18 FFPE tissue samples carrying a variety of known gene fusions. Four RNA-based assays and one DNA-based assay were compared; two were hybrid capture-based, TruSight Tumor 170 Assay (Illumina) and SureSelect XT HS Custom Panel (Agilent), and three were amplicon-based, Archer FusionPlex Lung Panel (ArcherDX), QIAseq RNAscan Custom Panel (Qiagen) and Oncomine Focus Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RESULTS The Illumina assay detected all tested fusions and showed the smallest number of false positive results. Both, the ArcherDX and Qiagen panels missed only one fusion event. Among the RNA-based assays, the Qiagen panel had the highest number of false positive events. The Oncomine Focus Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was the least adequate assay for our purposes, seven fusions were not covered by the assay and two fusions were classified as uncertain. The DNA-based SureSelect XT HS Custom Panel (Agilent) missed three fusions and nine fusions were only called by one software version. Additionally, many false positive fusions were observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, especially RNA-based parallel sequencing approaches are potent tools for reliable detection of targetable gene fusions in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heydt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christina B Wölwer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oscar Velazquez Camacho
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Wagener-Ryczek
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Pappesch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janna Siemanowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rehker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Goering
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Düesseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Düesseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Kasper S, Meiler J, Knipp H, Höhler T, Reimer P, Steinmetz T, Berger W, Linden G, Reis H, Markus P, Paul A, Dechêne A, Schumacher B, Kostbade K, Virchow I, Ting S, Worm K, Schmid KW, Herold T, Wiesweg M, Schuler M, Trarbach T. Biweekly Cetuximab Plus FOLFOX6 as First-Line Therapy in Patients With RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The CEBIFOX Trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:236-247.e6. [PMID: 32737003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multicenter, single-arm, phase II study CEBIFOX evaluated the efficacy of a biweekly cetuximab administration in combination with FOLFOX6 as first-line therapy in KRAS (exon 2) wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received FOLFOX6 with cetuximab (500 mg/m2) every second week. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), among others secondary endpoints were safety, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and patient-reported outcome (PRO). The impact on the treatment efficacy was evaluated in explorative subgroup analyses, including extended molecular profiling and primary tumor location. RESULTS In total, 57 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. New RAS mutations were detected in 14.0% by post hoc next-generation sequencing analysis in 43 patients. The ORR in the all RASwt population was 70.3% with a median PFS and OS of 10.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0-12.9) and 33.8 (95% CI, 21.1-45.5) months. Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 66.7% of the ITT, without significant impact on the PRO. Patients with right-sided primary tumors had a reduced ORR (54.5%), and median PFS and OS (10.1 and 23.8 months). BRAF mutations were detected in 11.3%. These patients had a significantly lower ORR, and median PFS and OS. Patients with RASwt/BRAFwt tumors had a notably high median PFS and OS of 14.3 and 38.9 months. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the efficacy and safety of biweekly cetuximab given in combination with FOLFOX6 in patients with RASwt/BRAFwt mCRC with left-sided primary tumor. CEBIFOX is the first trial reporting the complete dataset, including extended molecular profiling and tumor location of a biweekly administered cetuximab/FOLFOX6 in mCRC. Clinical trial number: NCT01051167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Meiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Knipp
- Department of Medicine I, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Höhler
- Department of Medicine I, Prosper Hospital, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Peter Reimer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Protestant Hospital, Essen-Werden, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Berger
- Department of Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Catholic Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Linden
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Markus
- Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; West German Cancer Centre, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dechêne
- West German Cancer Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Karina Kostbade
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Virchow
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Trarbach
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mühlenberg T, Ketzer J, Heinrich MC, Grunewald S, Marino-Enriquez A, Trautmann M, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Treckmann J, Worm K, Bertram S, Herold T, Schildhaus HU, Glimm H, Stenzinger A, Brors B, Horak P, Hohenberger P, Fröhling S, Fletcher JA, Bauer S. KIT-Dependent and KIT-Independent Genomic Heterogeneity of Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - TORC1/2 Inhibition as Salvage Strategy. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1985-1996. [PMID: 31308077 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), characterized by activating mutations of KIT or PDGFRA, favorably respond to KIT inhibitory treatment but eventually become resistant. The development of effective salvage treatments is complicated by the heterogeneity of KIT secondary resistance mutations. Recently, additional mutations that independently activate KIT-downstream signaling have been found in pretreated patients-adding further complexity to the scope of resistance. We collected genotyping data for KIT from tumor samples of pretreated GIST, providing a representative overview on the distribution and incidence of secondary KIT mutations (n = 80). Analyzing next-generation sequencing data of 109 GIST, we found that 18% carried mutations in KIT-downstream signaling intermediates (NF1/2, PTEN, RAS, PIK3CA, TSC1/2, AKT, BRAF) potentially mediating resistance to KIT inhibitors. Notably, we found no apparent other driver mutations in refractory cases that were analyzed by whole exome/genome sequencing (13/109). Using CRISPR/Cas9 methods, we generated a panel of GIST cell lines harboring mutations in KIT, PTEN, KRAS, NF1, and TSC2 We utilized this panel to evaluate sapanisertib, a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor, as a salvage strategy. Sapanisertib had potent antiproliferative effects in all cell lines, including those with KIT-downstream mutations. Combinations with KIT or MEK inhibitors completely abrogated GIST-survival signaling and displayed synergistic effects. Our isogenic cell line panel closely approximates the genetic heterogeneity of resistance observed in heavily pretreated patients with GIST. With the clinical development of novel, broad spectrum KIT inhibitors, emergence of non-KIT-related resistance may require combination treatments with inhibitors of KIT-downstream signaling such as mTOR or MEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mühlenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Ketzer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland VA Health Care System, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susanne Grunewald
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Marino-Enriquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Hanno Glimm
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Schildhaus HU, Herold T, Worm K, Stoss O. Defining tissue requirements for a reliable detection of tumor mutational burden (TMB) in clinical FFPE samples. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14265 Background: In the context of immuno-oncology related cancer treatment, tumor mutational burden (TMB) is currently explored as a predictive biomarker for several human malignancies. Several sequencing assays are increasingly commercially available. Established methodologies require rather large amounts of DNA input (in the range of 100 ng) which, however, are frequently not available from small biopsies. We aim to investigate how tissue size and DNA input influence TMB scores. Methods: DNA from 20 specimens (12 biopsies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); 8 surgical resection specimens from NSCLC, colorectal cancer and endometrial carcinomas) was manually extracted by using the Qiagen GeneRead DNA FFPE kit. Cases were selected to provide a wide range of relative tumor cell content (from < 10% to > 50%) and to include microsatellite-stable and –instable (MSI) cases. Samples were analyzed in triplicates from predefined numbers of unstained sections of a standardized tissue size. DNA quantification was done fluorometrically and by qPCR. Up to 40 ng of DNA were analyzed with the QIASeq TMB Panel (incl. MSI primer boosters; Qiagen). Sequencing was done on an Illumina NextSeq platform, TMB scores and MSI status were determined by using the CLC workbench 5.0.1 (Qiagen). Results: Biopsy samples generated less numbers of DNA molecules (as detected by unique molecular identifiers, UMIs) and less overall reads compared to resection samples. UMI coverage was > 500x in all samples with > 15 ng DNA input. TMB scores were highly reproducible among all samples with > 15 ng DNA but differed significantly among samples with limited DNA input. Interestingly, TMB scores were inversely correlated with DNA input among those samples with < 15ng. Thus, valid TMB scores could also be obtained from only one slice of 1 cm2 tissue from tumor resections or 3 slices of an endoscopic biopsy (each of 5µm thickness). All pre-characterized MSI carcinomas could be detected correctly. Conclusions: We provide first evidence that TMB can be reliably determined also in small biopsies yielding limited DNA content. However, false high TMB scores can occur in samples with < 15ng DNA input. Our results contribute to the definition of minimum requirements (tissue size and DNA input) for valid TMB measurement on clinical FFPE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Stoss
- Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH, Kassel, Germany
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Wiesweg M, Kasper S, Worm K, Herold T, Reis H, Sara L, Metzenmacher M, Abendroth A, Darwiche K, Aigner C, Wedemeyer HH, Helfritz FA, Stuschke M, Schumacher B, Markus P, Paul A, Rahmann S, Schmid KW, Schuler M. Impact of RAS mutation subtype on clinical outcome—a cross-entity comparison of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:2953-2966. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Oezkan F, Herold T, Darwiche K, Eberhardt WE, Worm K, Christoph DC, Wiesweg M, Freitag L, Schmid KW, Theegarten D, Hager T, Koenig MJ, He K, Taube C, Schuler M, Breitenbuecher F. Rapid and Highly Sensitive Detection of Therapeutically Relevant Oncogenic Driver Mutations in EBUS-TBNA Specimens From Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:e879-e884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Kasper S, Reis H, Ziegler S, Nothdurft S, Mueller A, Goetz M, Wiesweg M, Phasue J, Ting S, Wieczorek S, Even A, Worm K, Pogorzelski M, Breitenbuecher S, Meiler J, Paul A, Trarbach T, Schmid KW, Breitenbuecher F, Schuler M. Molecular dissection of effector mechanisms of RAS-mediated resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45898-45917. [PMID: 28507280 PMCID: PMC5542236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cetuximab and panitumumab, are a mainstay of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment. However, a significant number of patients suffer from primary or acquired resistance. RAS mutations are negative predictors of clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR antibodies in patients with mCRC. Oncogenic RAS activates the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, which are considered the main effectors of resistance. However, the relative impact of these pathways in RAS-mutant CRC is less defined. A better mechanistic understanding of RAS-mediated resistance may guide development of rational intervention strategies. To this end we developed cancer models for functional dissection of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in vitro and in vivo. To selectively activate MAPK- or AKT-signaling we expressed conditionally activatable RAF-1 and AKT in cancer cells. We found that either pathway independently protected sensitive cancer models against anti-EGFR antibody treatment in vitro and in vivo. RAF-1- and AKT-mediated resistance was associated with increased expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins. Biomarkers of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway activation correlated with inferior outcome in a cohort of mCRC patients receiving cetuximab-based therapy. Dual pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K and MEK successfully sensitized primary resistant CRC models to anti-EGFR therapy. In conclusion, combined targeting of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling, but not single pathways, may be required to enhance the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody therapy in patients with RAS-mutated CRC as well as in RAS wild type tumors with clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Ziegler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Silke Nothdurft
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andre Mueller
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jeannette Phasue
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Wieczorek
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Even
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Pogorzelski
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Breitenbuecher
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Trarbach
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Present address: Center for Tumor Biology and Integrative Medicine, Hospital Wilhelmshaven, 26389 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Breitenbuecher
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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9
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Wiesweg M, Reis H, Köster T, Goetz M, Worm K, Herold T, Paul A, Dechêne A, Schumacher B, Markus P, Virchow I, Kostbade K, Wolf N, Zaun G, Metzenmacher M, Schmid KW, Schuler M, Kasper S. Phosphorylation of p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase β-1 is an Independent Prognostic Parameter in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29526493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of signal transduction pathways plays a critical role in oncogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and directly affects sensitivity to targeted therapies. Against this background we developed a comprehensive biomarker profiling program including markers of downstream signaling to study their association with clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospectively studied cohort of 160 patients with metastatic CRC was included. Standard diagnostic workup included mutational analyses of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF). In addition, markers of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation (phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], AKT, and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 [p70S6K]) were studied using standardized immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between markers of ERK and AKT activation in the full cohort. In addition, phosphorylation of p70S6K correlated strongly with ERK and AKT phosphorylation and primary tumor localization in the right colon. Subgroup analyses specified these correlations to patients with all-RAS wild type tumors. In contrast, tumors harboring RAS mutations predominantly exhibited ERK phosphorylation. Interestingly, patients with CRC showing high p70S6K phosphorylation (highest quartile) had a significantly inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; P = .002) irrespective of RAS mutational status. This effect remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = .002). A patient subgroup characterized by high p70S6K phosphorylation and right-sided primary tumors had a particularly poor prognosis with a dramatically inferior overall survival (HR, 5.2; P < .001). Patients with right-sided primary tumor and low p70S6K phosphorylation had responses to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody-based therapies and overall survival similar to patients with left-sided primary tumors. CONCLUSION High phosphorylation of p70S6K is a novel, independent biomarker for poor prognosis, in particular in patients with right-sided primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Köster
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dechêne
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Markus
- Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Virchow
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karina Kostbade
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wolf
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gregor Zaun
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Metzenmacher
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Breitenbuecher F, von Pawel J, Sebastian M, Kortsik C, Ting S, Kasper S, Wohlschläger J, Worm K, Morresi-Hauf A, Schad A, Westerwick D, Wehler B, Werner M, Munzert G, Gaschler-Markefski B, Schmid KW, Schuler M. Comprehensive Biomarker Analyses in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Prospectively Treated with the Polo-Like Kinase 1 Inhibitor BI2536. Oncol Res Treat 2017. [PMID: 28628916 DOI: 10.1159/000475503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is frequently upregulated in tumors and is thus viewed as a promising therapeutic target in various cancers. Several PLK1 inhibitors have recently been developed and clinically tested in solid cancers, albeit with limited success. So far, no predictive biomarkers for PLK1 inhibitors have been established. To this end, we conducted a post-hoc biomarker analysis of tumor samples from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the PLK1 inhibitor BI2536 in a phase II study. METHODS We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surplus tumor tissue from 47 study patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and DNA sequencing of KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and PIK3CA. RESULTS KRAS-mutated patients showed numerically prolonged progression-free survival, but statistical significance was not established. Interestingly, when pathways rather than single genes were analyzed, a positive correlation between IHC staining of activated ERK (p-ERK) and mutated KRAS was detected, whereas KRAS mutation status was found to be negatively correlated with activated AKT (p-AKT). CONCLUSION With this hypothesis-generating study in BI2531-treated patients, we could not establish a correlation between KRAS mutations and relevant clinical endpoints. Future clinical trials with concomitant systematic biosampling and comprehensive molecular analyses are required to identify biomarkers predictive for response to PLK1 inhibitors.
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Schwertheim S, Wein F, Lennartz K, Worm K, Schmid KW, Sheu-Grabellus SY. Erratum to: Curcumin induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, NF-κB inhibition, and expression of differentiation genes in thyroid carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1155-1156. [PMID: 28434042 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Schwertheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Frederik Wein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Lennartz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Centre Essen (WTZE), Essen, Germany
| | - Sien-Yi Sheu-Grabellus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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Kasper S, Meiler J, Knipp H, Höhler T, Reimer P, Steinmetz H, Berger W, Linden G, Ting S, Markus P, Paul A, Dechêne A, Schumacher B, Kostbade K, Worm K, Schmid K, Herold T, Schuler M, Trarbach T. Cetuximab biweekly (q2w) plus mFOLFOX6 as 1st line therapy in patients (pts) with KRAS wild-type (wt) (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) – Primary endpoint and subgroup analysis of the CEBIFOX trial. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Tiedje V, Ting S, Walter RF, Herold T, Worm K, Badziong J, Zwanziger D, Schmid KW, Führer D. Prognostic markers and response to vandetanib therapy in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:173-80. [PMID: 27283290 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs sporadically in 75% of patients. Metastatic disease is associated with significantly poorer survival. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic markers for progressive MTC and oncogenic factors associated with response to vandetanib therapy. DESIGN AND METHODS Clinical courses of 32 patients with sporadic MTC (n=10 pN0cM0, n=8 pN1cM0, n=14 pN1cM1) were compared with genetic profiles of the patients' primary tumour tissue. Analysis for RET proto-oncogene mutations was performed by Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mRNA expression (mRNA count) of 33 targets was measured by nCounter NanoString analysis. RESULTS Somatic RET mutations occurred in 21/32 patients. The RET918 mutation was found in 8/14 pN1cM1 patients. BRAF (P=0.019), FGFR2 (P=0.007), FGFR3 (P=0.044) and VEGFC (P=0.042) mRNA expression was significantly lower in pN1cM0/pN1cM1 compared with pN0cM0 patients, whereas PDGFRA (P=0.026) mRNA expression was significantly higher in pN1cM0/pN1cM1 when compared with pN0cM0 patients. Among the 10/32 vandetanib-treated patients, 5 showed partial response (PR), all harbouring the RET918 mutation. mRNA expression of FLT1 (P=0.039), FLT4 (P=0.025) and VEGFB (P=0.042) was significantly higher in therapy responders. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified molecular markers in primary tumour tissue of sporadic MTC associated with the development of metastasis (both lymph node and organ metastasis) as well as response to vandetanib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Fred Walter
- Institute of Pathology Department of Interventional PneumologyRuhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Wiesweg M, Eberhardt WEE, Reis H, Ting S, Savvidou N, Skiba C, Herold T, Christoph DC, Meiler J, Worm K, Kasper S, Theegarten D, Hense J, Hager T, Darwiche K, Oezkan F, Aigner C, Welter S, Kühl H, Stuschke M, Schmid KW, Schuler M. High Prevalence of Concomitant Oncogene Mutations in Prospectively Identified Patients with ROS1-Positive Metastatic Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:54-64. [PMID: 27575422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chromosomal rearrangements involving ROS1 define a rare entity of lung adenocarcinomas with exquisite sensitivity to molecularly targeted therapy. We report clinical outcomes and genomic findings of patients with ROS1-positive lung cancer who were prospectively identified within a multiplex biomarker profiling program at the West German Cancer Center. METHODS Standardized immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and hotspot mutation analyses were performed in 1345 patients with advanced cancer, including 805 patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical and epidemiological data were retrieved from the institutional database. RESULTS ROS1 positivity by IHC analysis was detected in 25 patients with lung cancer (4.8% of lung adenocarcinomas), including 13 patients (2.5%) with ROS1 FISH positivity with a cutoff of at least 15% of events. Of the ROS1 IHC analysis-positive cases, 36% presented with concomitant oncogenic driver mutations involving EGFR (six cases, five of which were clinically validated by response to EGFR-targeting agents), KRAS (two cases), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene (PIK3CA), and BRAF. Three cases initially classified as ROS1 FISH-negative passed the threshold of 15% positive events when repeat biopsies were analyzed at progression. The median overall survival of the ROS1-positive patients (104 months) was significantly superior to that of the 261 patients with EGFR/anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1-negative lung adenocarcinoma (24.4 months, p = 0.044). Interestingly, the overall survival of the 13 ROS1-positive patients with lung cancer from initiation of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy was significantly prolonged when compared with that of 169 pemetrexed-treated patients with EGFR/anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1-negative adenocarcinoma (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ROS1-positive metastatic lung adenocarcinomas frequently harbor concomitant oncogenic driver mutations. Levels of ROS1 FISH-positive events are variable over time. This heterogeneity provides additional therapeutic options if discovered by multiplex biomarker testing and repeat biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wilfried E E Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Oncology, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikoleta Savvidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Skiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hense
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Division of Interventional Pneumology, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Filiz Oezkan
- Division of Interventional Pneumology, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Welter
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hilmar Kühl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Oncology, West German Lung Center, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Pohl M, Grabellus F, Worm K, Arnold G, Walz M, Schmid KW, Sheu-Grabellus SY. Intermediate microRNA expression profile in Graves’ disease falls between that of normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:33-39. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AimsMany studies have previously reported a higher prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are upregulated in PTC compared with benign thyroid tissue. The objective of the study was to examine the miRNA expression of selected miRNAs that are known to be upregulated in PTC in patients with GD.MethodsParaffin embedded thyroid tissue from 159 patients with GD was screened for expression of the miRNAs 146b, 181b, 21, 221 and 222 by RT-PCR. The expression profiles of four normal thyroids, 50 PTCs without concomitant GD and 11 patients with untreated GD served as the controls.ResultsThe expression pattern of these miRNAs in patients with GD is intermediate between that of benign thyroid tissue (p<0.001) and PTC (in three out of five miRNAs, p<0.001). This corresponds to a 15-fold change for GD versus PTC, and a 31-fold change for GD versus normal thyroid tissue. The miRNA expression in 11 papillary microcarcinomas found in our study (a prevalence of 0.07) was not different from that in PTC samples from patients without GD for four of five miRNA types. Furthermore, we found a significant difference in the expression of miRNA 221/222 between treated and untreated GD tissue.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found an intermediate expression of specific miRNAs in thyroid tissue from patients with GD that fell between the expression levels found in normal thyroid glands and PTC, which suggests a possible influence of certain miRNAs on developing PTC in patients with GD.
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Kasper S, Meiler J, Knipp H, Hoehler T, Reimer P, Steinmetz T, Berger W, Linden G, Ting S, Markus P, Paul A, Dechene A, Schumacher B, Kosbade K, Worm K, Schmid KW, Herold T, Schuler MH, Trarbach T. Cetuximab biweekly plus mFOLFOX6 as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with KRAS wild-type (wt) (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Primary endpoint and subgroup analysis of the CEBIFOX trial. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Knipp
- Department of Medicine I, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoehler
- Department of Medicine I, Prosper Hospital Recklinghausen, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Winfried Berger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Catholic Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Linden
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Markus
- Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dechene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Karina Kosbade
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin H. Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Broecker-Preuss M, Müller S, Britten M, Worm K, Schmid KW, Mann K, Fuhrer D. Sorafenib inhibits intracellular signaling pathways and induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in thyroid carcinoma cells irrespective of histological origin or BRAF mutational status. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:184. [PMID: 25879531 PMCID: PMC4377064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dedifferentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas currently lack appropriate treatment options. Kinase inhibitors are among the most promising new agents as alternative strategies. The BRAF- and multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has already shown antitumor effects in thyroid carcinoma patients in a phase III clinical trial. In this study we aim to better characterize molecular effects and efficacy of sorafenib against thyroid carcinoma cells with various histological origins and different BRAF mutational status. Analysis of different signaling pathways affected by sorafenib may contribute to assist a more specific therapy choice with fewer side effects. Twelve thyroid carcinoma cell lines derived from anaplastic, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with wildtype or mutationally activated BRAF were treated with sorafenib. Growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, cell death induction and inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways were then comprehensively analyzed. METHODS Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, and the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Cell death was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase liberation assays, caspase activity assays and subG1 peak determinations. Inhibition of intracellular pathways was analyzed in dot blot and western blot analyses. RESULTS Sorafenib inhibited proliferation of all thyroid carcinoma cell lines tested with IC50 values ranging between 1.85 and 4.2 μM. Cells derived from papillary carcinoma harboring the mutant BRAF (V600E) allele were slightly more sensitive to sorafenib than those harboring wildtype BRAF. Cell cycle analyses and caspase assays showed a sorafenib-dependent induction of apoptosis in all cell lines, whereas increased lactate dehydrogenase release suggested cell membrane disruption. Sorafenib treatment caused a rapid inhibition of various MAP kinases in addition to inhibiting AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib inhibited multiple intracellular signaling pathways in thyroid carcinoma cells, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and the initiation of apoptosis. Sorafenib was effective against all thyroid carcinoma cell lines regardless of their tumor subtype origin or BRAF status, confirming that sorafenib is therapeutically beneficial for patients with any subtype of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Inhibition of single intracellular targets of sorafenib in thyroid carcinoma cells may allow the development of more specific therapeutic intervention with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Britten
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: University Hospital Essen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, 80331, München, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fuhrer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
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Tiedje V, Ting S, Herold T, Walter R, Mairinger F, Worm K, Zwanziger D, Schmid KW, Führer D. Prognostic markers and response to vandetanib therapy in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Reis H, Herold T, Ting S, Worm K, Huber U, Christoph DC, Eberhardt WE, Kostbade K, Kasper S, Stamatis G, Welter S, Darwiche K, Karpf-Wissel R, Theegarten D, Schmid KW, Schuler M, Wiesweg M. HER2 expression and markers of phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway activation define a favorable subgroup of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2015; 88:34-41. [PMID: 25708529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ADC) can be sub-grouped based on dominant oncogenic drivers. EGFR mutations define an entity of metastatic ADC with favorable prognosis and high susceptibility to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. In contrast, the clinical impact of additional ERBB family members in ADC is less defined. To this end we prospectively studied HER2 expression, gene amplification, and mutation in relation to outcome of patients with advanced or metastatic ADC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic tumor biopsies from 193 sequential patients with stage III/IV ADC were prospectively studied for HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cases with IHC scores 2+ or 3+ were analyzed by HER2 chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and sequencing of HER2 exons 20 and 23. Additional prospectively determined biomarkers included PTEN, cMET, pAKT, and pERK expression, KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, and ALK fluorescence ISH (FISH). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION HER2-IHC was feasible in 176 (91.2%) cases. Of 53 (30%) cases with IHC scores 2+/3+, 45 (85%) could be studied by CISH and 34 (64%) by sequencing. The lower number of HER2-mutational analyses resulted from exhaustion of tumor tissue and DNA following mutational analysis of KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA. HER2 amplification was detected in 4 cases (2.3%), while no mutation was found. HER2 expression correlated with expression of pAKT and cMET. Expression of HER2 and pAKT was associated with favorable overall survival in stage IV disease. HER2-expressing ADC more frequently harbored KRAS mutations, while HER2 expression was absent in all 4 cases with BRAF mutation. HER2-IHC was not predictive of HER2 gene amplification or mutation, which both were rare events in prospectively studied patients with advanced or metastatic ADC. Expression of HER2 and pAKT define a population of patients with stage IV ADC with a distinct disease course, who could benefit from specifically tailored pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - T Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - K Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - U Huber
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - D C Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - W E Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Oncology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - K Kostbade
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - G Stamatis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - S Welter
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - K Darwiche
- Division of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - R Karpf-Wissel
- Division of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - D Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - K W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - M Schuler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Oncology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany.
| | - M Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Mairinger FD, Ting S, Werner R, Walter RFH, Hager T, Vollbrecht C, Christoph D, Worm K, Mairinger T, Sheu-Grabellus SY, Theegarten D, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J. Different micro-RNA expression profiles distinguish subtypes of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: results of a profiling study. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1632-40. [PMID: 24875640 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (∼22 nucleotides), non-coding, highly conserved single-stranded RNAs with posttranscriptional regulatory features, including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. They are deregulated in a broad variety of tumors showing characteristic expression patterns and can, thus, be used as a diagnostic tool. In contrast to non-small cell carcinoma of the lung neuroendocrine lung tumors, encompassing typical and atypical carcinoids, small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer, no data about deregulation of tumor entity-specific miRNAs are available to date. miRNA expression differences might give useful information about the biological characteristics of these tumors, as well as serve as helpful markers.In 12 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors classified as either typical carcinoid, atypical, large cell neuroendocrine or small cell lung cancer, screening for 763 miRNAs known to be involved in pulmonary cancerogenesis was conducted by performing 384-well TaqMan low-density array real-time qPCR. In the entire cohort, 44 miRNAs were identified, which showed a significantly different miRNA expression. For 12 miRNAs, the difference was highly significant (P<0.01). Eight miRNAs showed a negative (miR-22, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-367*; miR-504, miR-513C, miR-1200) and four miRNAs a positive (miR-18a, miR-15b*, miR-335*, miR-1201) correlation to the grade of tumor biology. The miRNAs let-7d; miR-19; miR-576-5p; miR-340*; miR-1286 are significantly associated with survival. Members of the miR-29 family seem to be extremely important in this group of tumors. We found a number of miRNAs, which showed a highly significant deregulation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Moreover, some of these deregulated miRNAs seem to allow discrimination of the various subtypes of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Thus, the analysis of specific sets of miRNAs can be proposed as diagnostic and/or predictive markers in this group of neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dominik Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Fred Henry Walter
- 1] Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany [2] Department of interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sien-Yi Sheu-Grabellus
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mairinger FD, Walter RF, Vollbrecht C, Hager T, Worm K, Ting S, Wohlschläger J, Zarogoulidis P, Zarogoulidis K, Schmid KW. Isothermal multiple displacement amplification: a methodical approach enhancing molecular routine diagnostics of microcarcinomas and small biopsies. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1441-7. [PMID: 25152625 PMCID: PMC4140239 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s65144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and methods Isothermal multiple displacement amplification (IMDA) can be a powerful tool in molecular routine diagnostics for homogeneous and sequence-independent whole-genome amplification of notably small tumor samples, eg, microcarcinomas and biopsies containing a small amount of tumor. Currently, this method is not well established in pathology laboratories. We designed a study to confirm the feasibility and convenience of this method for routine diagnostics with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples prepared by laser-capture microdissection. Results A total of 250 μg DNA (concentration 5 μg/μL) was generated by amplification over a period of 8 hours with a material input of approximately 25 cells, approximately equivalent to 175 pg of genomic DNA. In the generated DNA, a representation of all chromosomes could be shown and the presence of elected genes relevant for diagnosis in clinical samples could be proven. Mutational analysis of clinical samples could be performed without any difficulty and showed concordance with earlier diagnostic findings. Conclusion We established the feasibility and convenience of IMDA for routine diagnostics. We also showed that small amounts of DNA, which were not analyzable with current molecular methods, could be sufficient for a wide field of applications in molecular routine diagnostics when they are preamplified with IMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Fh Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mairinger FD, Walter RFH, Theegarten D, Hager T, Vollbrecht C, Christoph DC, Worm K, Ting S, Werner R, Stamatis G, Mairinger T, Baba H, Zarogoulidis K, Huang H, Li Q, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis P, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J. Gene Expression Analysis of the 26S Proteasome Subunit PSMB4 Reveals Significant Upregulation, Different Expression and Association with Proliferation in Human Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumours. J Cancer 2014; 5:646-54. [PMID: 25157275 PMCID: PMC4142326 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteasomal subunit PSMB4 was suggested to be a survival gene in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma and in glioblastoma cell lines. In pulmonary adenocarcinoma, a high expression of these genes was found to be associated with poor differentiation and survival. This study investigates the gene expression levels of 26S proteasome subunits in human pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours including typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoid tumours as well as small cell (SCLC) and large cell (LCNEC) neuroendocrine carcinomas. Material and methods: Gene expression levels of proteasomal subunits (PSMA1, PSMA5, PSMB4, PSMB5 and PSMD1) were investigated in 80 neuroendocrine pulmonary tumours (each 20 TC, AC, LCNLC and SCLC) and compared to controls. mRNA levels were determined by using TaqMan assays. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA) was performed to determine the expression of ki67, cleaved caspase 3 and PSMB4. Results: All proteasomal subunit gene expressions were significantly upregulated in TC, AC, SCLC and LCNEC compared to controls. PSMB4 mRNA is differently expressed between all neuroendocrine tumour subtypes demonstrating the highest expression and greatest range in LCNEC (p=0.043), and is significantly associated with proliferative activity (p=0.039). Conclusion: In line with other 26S proteasomal subunits PSMB4 is significantly increased, but differently expressed between pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours and is associated with the proliferative activity. Unlike in pulmonary adenocarcinomas, no association with biological behaviour was observed, suggesting that increased proteasomal subunit gene expression is a common and probably early event in the tumorigenesis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours regardless of their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Fred Henry Walter
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. ; 2. Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- 3. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karl Worm
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Georgios Stamatis
- 5. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- 6. Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hideo Baba
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 7. Pulmonary-Oncology, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- 8. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 8. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, China
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 9. Thoracic Surgery Department, ``Saint Luke`` Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 7. Pulmonary-Oncology, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Welt A, Tewes M, Aktas B, O Hoffmann O, Wiesweg M, Ting S, Reis H, Worm K, Richly H, Hense J, Palmer MR, Lee BH, Wendling J, Kossow J, Scheulen ME, Lehnerdt C, Kohl M, Derks C, Skottky S, Haus U, Schmid KW, Kimmig R, Schuler M, Kasper S. Preemptive tumor profiling for biomarker-stratified early clinical drug development in metastatic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 142:81-8. [PMID: 24122392 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker-stratified cancer pharmacotherapy was pioneered in the care of breast cancer patients. The utility of agents modulating hormone receptors, synthesis of steroid hormones, or HER2-targeting agents has been greatly enhanced by the detection of predictive biomarkers in diagnostic tumor samples. Based on deeper understanding of breast cancer biology multiple drug candidates have been developed to modulate additional molecular targets which may associate with specific biomarker profiles. Accordingly, exploratory biomarkers are increasingly incorporated in early clinical trials, thus demanding a new process of patient selection. Here, we describe the implementation of preemptive, multiplexed biomarker profiling linked to standard diagnostic algorithms for metastatic breast cancer patients treated at the West German Cancer Center. Profiling for experimental biomarkers was prospectively offered to patients with metastatic breast cancer who met generic clinical trial inclusion criteria. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were retrieved and studied for potentially “actionable” biomarkers related to active clinical trials by immunohistochemistry, amplicon sequencing, and in situ hybridization. The clinical course of those “profiled” patients was closely monitored to offer trial participation whenever applicable. Here, we report results from the first 131 patients enrolled in this program. PIK3CA mutations (23 %) and amplifications (2 %), loss of PTEN expression (13 %), and FGFR1 amplifications (8 %) were detected next to established biomarkers such as estrogen (67 %) and progesterone receptor expression (52 %), and HER2 overexpression or amplification (23 %). So far 16 “profiled” patients (12 %) have been enrolled in biomarker-stratified early clinical trials. Preemptive profiling of investigational biomarkers can be integrated into the diagnostic algorithm of a large Comprehensive Cancer Center. Extensive administrative efforts are required to successfully enroll “profiled” patients with metastatic breast cancer in early clinical trials stratified by exploratory biomarkers.
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Theegarten D, Tötsch M, Worm K, Darwiche K, Anhenn O, Wohlschläger J. [Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen stain and polymerase chain reaction]. Pathologe 2014; 34:305-9. [PMID: 23503854 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-013-1759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitive diagnosis of unclear pulmonary lesions is mainly based on morphological methods. In addition to a neoplasm, inflammatory reactions, in particular tuberculosis (TB), have to be considered in most cases. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine whether established methods used in general pathology can be efficiently used with cytological material. MATERIALS AND METHODS An established polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtc) DNA in fixed specimens was conducted on fixed material available as an assay for liquid-based cytology (LBC). CytoLyt®-fixed material of 45 patients with clinically suspected TB or other mycobacteriosis were selected and were initially tested cytologically. In cases of absent tumor cells, PCR for detection of Mtc DNA and Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN) were performed. RESULTS In 9 patients (20 %), Mtc DNA was found by PCR. The following methods were used to obtain material: catheter biopsy (5), needle biopsy (2), transbronchial needle aspiration (1), and bronchoalveolar lavage (1). Cytologically an inflammatory reaction was observed in all cases. In 2 patients, a history of TB, in 2 further cases either silicosis or a posttransplant situation was known. In cases with a positive PCR, 7 patients (78 %) were positive in ZN and 3 patients (33.3 %) in TB culture (15.5 % vs. 6.7 % of the total cohort); however, the material used for investigation was not always from identical sources, respectively. In 36 out of 45 patients, both PCR and ZN were negative for the detection of Mtc DNA. CONCLUSION The material intended for LBC can be used for detection of TB with ZN and Mtc PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Theegarten
- Institut für Pathologie and Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany.
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Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) valproic acid (VPA) is a promising drug, currently in clinical phase 2, for the therapy of advanced/poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is constitutively activated in most tumors, including thyroid carcinomas; this often contributes to aggressive tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. We hypothesized that VPA could be useful to decrease NF-κB activity in human thyroid cancer cells. To clarify this, we treated the highly progressive thyroid cancer cell line BHT-101 with VPA (1.0-3.0 mM) for 48 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to measure expression of NF-κB-regulatory genes and proteins. NF-κB p50 activity was measured using an ELISA-based colorimetric transcription factor assay kit. We found that VPA significantly and dose-dependently impaired NF-κB activity reducing DNA binding activity of NF-κB p50 subunit by 30% at 1 mM, 40% at 1.5 mM, and 70% at 3 mM. Expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) protein, an upstream mediator of NF-κB activation, was reduced by ̴30% at 1 and 1.5 mM. Furthermore, 3 mM VPA treatment significantly decreased expressions of IRAK-1, phospho-IκBα and NF-κB p50 subunit protein by ̴ 50%. This is the first study to demonstrate that VPA decreases NF-κB activity in a progressive thyroid cancer cell line. Intriguingly, 1mM of VPA, a clinically safe dose in the therapeutic range for epilepsy, was sufficient to reduce NF-κB activity. Thus, VPA may be a promising agent to overcome chemoresistance in cancer therapy and to improve therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwertheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K Worm
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S-Y Sheu-Grabellus
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Breitenbuecher F, Hoffarth S, Worm K, Cortes-Incio D, Gauler TC, Köhler J, Herold T, Schmid KW, Freitag L, Kasper S, Schuler M. Development of a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of circulating tumor cells harboring somatic mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85350. [PMID: 24465542 PMCID: PMC3897440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic mutations are powerful predictive biomarkers for molecularly targeted cancer therapies. For mutation detection patients have to undergo invasive tumor biopsies. Alternatively, archival samples are used which may no longer reflect the actual tumor status. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) could serve as an alternative platform to detect somatic mutations in cancer patients. We sought to develop a sensitive and specific assay to detect mutations in the EGFR gene in CTC from lung cancer patients. Methods We developed a novel assay based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis to detect activating EGFR mutations in blood cell fractions enriched in CTC. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was chosen as disease model with reportedly very low CTC counts. The assay was prospectively validated in samples from patients with EGFR-mutant and EGFR-wild type NSCLC treated within a randomized clinical trial. Sequential analyses were conducted to monitor CTC signals during therapy and correlate mutation detection in CTC with treatment outcome. Results Assay sensitivity was optimized to enable detection of a single EGFR-mutant CTC/mL peripheral blood. CTC were detected in pretreatment blood samples from all 8 EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients studied. Loss of EGFR-mutant CTC signals correlated with treatment response, and its reoccurrence preceded relapse. Conclusions Despite low abundance of CTC in NSCLC oncogenic mutations can be reproducibly detected by applying an unbiased CTC enrichment strategy and highly sensitive PCR and melting curve analysis. This strategy may enable non-invasive, specific biomarker diagnostics and monitoring in patients undergoing targeted cancer therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Denaturation
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Single-Cell Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Breitenbuecher
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Hoffarth
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Cortes-Incio
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Gauler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Division of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Maerker DA, Zeschnigk M, Nelles J, Lohmann DR, Worm K, Bosserhoff AK, Krupar R, Jägle H. BAP1 germline mutation in two first grade family members with uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 98:224-7. [PMID: 24187051 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary cancer of the eye in adults. About half of the patients are at risk of developing metastatic disease resulting in a poor clinical prognosis. Metastatic progression is strongly associated with loss of one chromosome 3 in the tumour (monosomy 3). The tumour suppressor gene BAP1 was found to be recurrently mutated in UM with monosomy 3. Familial UM is rare and amounts to about 0.6-6% of all patients with melanoma. However, BAP1 germline mutations have been identified in rare hereditary tumour syndromes, including cases with UM. One may assume that UM may be part of these hereditary conditions with predisposition to malignant cancers. METHODS The patients underwent complete ophthalmological workup and enucleation due to UM. Microsatellite analysis was performed to determine the chromosome 3 status of the tumours. Sanger sequencing of all coding exons of the BAP1 gene was performed in blood DNA of the patients. RESULTS Here we report on two family members (mother and son) diagnosed with UM. In both patients, a cosegregating BAP1 germline mutation (c.299 T>C) was found. The mutant BAP1 allele was retained in the tumour of the son showing monosomy 3. The son further developed urothelial carcinoma and liver metastasis, the mother was affected by the UM and cholangiocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS [corrected] We detected a cosegregating BAP1 germline mutation in two family members with UM. This suggests that, consistent with a classic tumour suppressor model, carriers of damaging mutations in BAP1 are predisposed to UM. However, as BAP1 germline mutations have been found to cause other cancer syndromes as well, there must be other factors that decide about the type of tumour emerging from BAP1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Maerker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Wiesweg M, Ting S, Reis H, Worm K, Kasper S, Tewes M, Welt A, Richly H, Meiler J, Bauer S, Hense J, Gauler TC, Köhler J, Eberhardt WE, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Stamatis G, Breitenbücher F, Wohlschlaeger J, Theegarten D, Derks C, Cortes-Incio D, Linden G, Skottky S, Lütkes P, Dechêne A, Paul A, Markus P, Schmid KW, Schuler M. Feasibility of preemptive biomarker profiling for personalised early clinical drug development at a Comprehensive Cancer Center. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3076-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Voigtlaender R, Flitsch J, Zwanziger D, Jaeger A, Poeppel TD, Worm K, Metz KA, Walz MK, Führer D, Moeller LC. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome caused by ACTH-secreting non-functioning pheochromocytoma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bonella F, Theegarten D, Worm K, Wessendorf T, Guzman J, Costabel U. Beeinflussung der Serum YKL-40 Konzentration bei Patienten mit Alveolarproteinose durch Chitinase 3-like 1 Genpolymorphismen. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schwerfeld-Bohr J, Chi H, Worm K, Dahmen U. Influence of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes on Liver Regeneration after Sex-Mismatched Liver Transplantation in Humans. J INVEST SURG 2012; 25:220-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2011.627088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is a key protein that facilitates the extensive glucose uptake of cancer cells, and its overexpression is associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes. In cases of BRAF mutations, GLUT1 seems to be a target of the constitutive activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. In this study, we hypothesized that the common BRAF V600E mutation was associated with GLUT1 overexpression and proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). METHODS A total of 57 cases of paraffin-embedded PTC (31 BRAF V600E, 26 wild-type BRAF) were investigated using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against GLUT1 and Ki-67 (MK167) protein. The BRAF V600E mutations were detected using direct sequencing of genomic DNA that was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. GLUT1 expression was assessed using the Remmele immunoreactive score and subdivided into three groups (I=negative, II=weakly positive, and III=positive). The Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) was determined by counting Ki-67-positive nuclei. RESULTS GLUT1 expression was found in 39/57 (68.4%) samples of PTC. The occurrence of the BRAF V600E genetic variant was significantly correlated with GLUT1 overexpression (p=0.007) and showed a trend toward higher proliferation, which was indicated by Ki-67 LI (p=0.06). Moreover, GLUT1 overexpression was positively associated with Ki-67 labeling (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The V600E BRAF mutation in PTC may contribute to the initiation of the glycolytic phenotype and confers growth advantages in cancer cells. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell energy metabolism may lead to the implementation of targeted treatment modalities, which regulate cancer glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grabellus
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Breitenbücher F, Hoffarth S, Gauler T, Kasper S, Stergar SL, Köhler J, Worm K, Märten A, Schmid KW, Schuler M. Etablierung einer hochsensitiven Detektionsmethode für Mutationen des Epidermal growth factor Rezeptors (EGFR) in zirkulierenden Tumorzellen von Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) unter Behandlung mit Cisplatin/Pemetrexed oder Afatinib. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hoerning A, Kalkavan H, Rehme C, Menke J, Worm K, Garritsen HSP, Büscher R, Hoyer PF. Quantitative real-time ARMS-qPCR for mitochondrial DNA enables accurate detection of microchimerism in renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2011; 15:809-18. [PMID: 21967552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of microchimerism in peripheral blood of solid organ transplant recipients has been postulated to be beneficial for allograft acceptance. Kinetics of donor cell trafficking and accumulation in pediatric allograft recipients are largely unknown. In this study, we implemented SNPs of the HVRs I and II of mitochondrial DNA to serve as molecular genetic markers to detect donor-specific cell chimerism after pediatric renal transplantation. Serial dilution of artificial chimeric DNA samples showed a linear correlation coefficient of R > 0.98 and a detection sensitivity of 0.01% with high reproducibility. Longitudinal semiquantitative analysis of donor-specific SNPs was then performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples up to two yr post-transplant. Quantity of donor-specific cell chimerism in peripheral blood was highest in the early post-transplant period reaching values of ~10% after liver-kidney and 2.8% after renal transplantation. From one wk after transplantation, renal transplant patients exhibited an amount of donor-specific mtDNA ranging from 0.01% to 0.1%. We developed a highly accurate, sensitive, and rapid real-time quantitative PCR method using sequence-specific primers and fluorescent hydrolysis probes for the detection of at least 0.01% donor-specific cells in the recipient's peripheral blood after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics II, Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Herring A, Donath A, Yarmolenko M, Uslar E, Conzen C, Kanakis D, Bosma C, Worm K, Paulus W, Keyvani K. Exercise during pregnancy mitigates Alzheimer-like pathology in mouse offspring. FASEB J 2011; 26:117-28. [PMID: 21948247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-193193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity protects brain function in healthy individuals and those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence for beneficial effects of parental exercise on the health status of their progeny is sparse and limited to nondiseased individuals. Here, we questioned whether maternal running interferes with offspring's AD-like pathology and sought to decipher the underlying mechanisms in TgCRND8 mice. Maternal stimulation was provided by voluntary wheel running vs. standard housing during pregnancy. Following 5 mo of standard housing of transgenic and wild-type offspring, their brains were examined for AD-related pathology and/or plasticity changes. Running during pregnancy reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque burden (-35%, P=0.017) and amyloidogenic APP processing in transgenic offspring and further improved the neurovascular function by orchestrating different Aβ transporters and increasing angiogenesis (+29%, P=0.022). This effect was accompanied by diminished inflammation, as indicated by reduced microgliosis (-20%, P=0.002) and down-regulation of other proinflammatory mediators, and resulted in less oxidative stress, as nitrotyrosine levels declined (-28%, P=0.029). Moreover, plasticity changes (in terms of up-regulation of reelin, synaptophysin, and ARC) were found not only in transgenic but also in wild-type offspring. We conclude that exercise during pregnancy provides long-lasting protection from neurodegeneration and improves brain plasticity in the otherwise unstimulated progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Herring
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Grabellus F, Worm K, Sheu SY, Siffert W, Schmid KW, Bachmann HS. The prevalence of the c-kit exon 10 variant, M541L, in aggressive fibromatosis does not differ from the general population. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:1021-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2011.090498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schmitz KJ, Helwig J, Bertram S, Sheu SY, Suttorp AC, Seggewiss J, Willscher E, Walz MK, Worm K, Schmid KW. Differential expression of microRNA-675, microRNA-139-3p and microRNA-335 in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:529-35. [PMID: 21471143 PMCID: PMC3099361 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.085621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the clinical management of adrenocortical neoplasms it is crucial to correctly distinguish between benign and malignant tumours. Even histomorphologically based scoring systems do not allow precise separation in single lesions, thus novel parameters are desired which offer a more accurate differentiation. The tremendous potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers in surgical pathology has recently been shown in a broad variety of tumours. METHODS In order to elucidate the diagnostic impact of miRNA expression in adrenocortical neoplasms, a cohort of 20 adrenocortical specimens including normal adrenal tissue (n=4), adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) (n=9), adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) (n=4) and metastases (n=3) was analysed using TaqMan low density arrays to identify specific miRNA profiles in order to distinguish between benign and malignant adrenocortical lesions. Results were validated in a validation cohort (n=16). RESULTS Concerning the differential diagnosis of ACAs and ACCs, 159 out of 667 miRNAs were up- and 89 were down-regulated in ACAs. Using real-time PCR analysis of three of the most significantly expressed single key miRNAs allowed separation of ACAs from ACCs. ACCs exhibited significantly lower levels of miR-139-3p (up to 8.49-fold, p<0.001), miR-675 (up to 23.25-fold, p<0.001) and miR-335 (up to 5.25-fold, p<0.001). A validation cohort of 16 specimen with known Weiss score showed up-regulation of miR-335 and miR-675 in the majority of cases with probable malignant course, although overlapping values exist. CONCLUSION miRNA profiling of miR-675 and miR-335 helps in discriminating ACCs from ACAs. miRNA analysis may indicate malignant behaviour in cases with indeterminate malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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El Hindy N, Bachmann HS, Lambertz N, Adamzik M, Nückel H, Worm K, Zhu Y, Sure U, Siffert W, Sandalcioglu IE. Association of the CC genotype of the regulatory BCL2 promoter polymorphism (-938C>A) with better 2-year survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurosurg 2011; 114:1631-9. [PMID: 21250804 DOI: 10.3171/2010.12.jns10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Bcl-2 plays a key role in the downregulation of apoptosis and proliferation and leads to increased chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The authors investigated the role of a common regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (-938C>A), which is located in the inhibitory P2 promoter of BCL2. METHODS Data from 160 patients suffering from GBM were retrospectively evaluated. Study inclusion criteria consisted of available DNA and, in patients still alive, a follow-up of at least 24 months. Results were analyzed with respect to the basic clinical data, type of surgical intervention (gross-total resection [GTR] versus stereotactic biopsy [SB]), adjuvant therapy, MGMT promoter methylation, and survival at the 2-year follow-up. RESULTS At the 2-year follow-up, 127 (79.4%) of the 160 patients had died. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significantly higher rate of survival for homo- and heterozygous C-allele carriers (p = 0.031). In the GTR group, the survival rate was 47.1% for homozygous C-allele carriers, 32.0% for heterozygous C-allele carriers, and only 21.4% for homozygous A-allele carriers (p = 0.024). The SB group showed no genotype-dependent differences. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that the BCL2 (-938AA) genotype was an independent negative prognostic factor for 2-year survival in the GTR group according to the BCL2 (-938CC) genotype reference group (hazard ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.14-5.48, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the (-938C>A) polymorphism is a survival prognosticator as well as a marker for a high-risk group among patients with GBM who underwent GTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai El Hindy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Sheu SY, Vogel E, Worm K, Grabellus F, Schwertheim S, Schmid KW. Hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid-differential expression of distinct miRNAs compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histopathology 2010; 56:632-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Grabellus F, Konik MJ, Worm K, Sheu SY, van de Nes JAP, Bauer S, Paulus W, Egensperger R, Schmid KW. MET overexpressing chordomas frequently exhibit polysomy of chromosome 7 but no MET activation through sarcoma-specific gene fusions. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:157-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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El Hindy N, Adamzik M, Lambertz N, Bachmann HS, Worm K, Egensperger R, Frey UH, Asgari S, Sure U, Siffert W, Sandalcioglu IE. Association of the GNB3 825T-allele with better survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1423-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schwertheim S, Sheu SY, Worm K, Grabellus F, Schmid KW. Analysis of deregulated miRNAs is helpful to distinguish poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41:475-81. [PMID: 19370508 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is defined as a malignant follicular cell derived neoplasm, both morphologically and biologically intermediate between well differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). In the present study we investigated the expression levels of two distinct sets of miRNAs ('set 1': miRNA-146b, -181b, -21, -221, -222, all shown to be significantly upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC]; 'set 2': miRNA-30d, -125b, -26a, -30a-5p, and let7c, all downregulated in ATC) in a series of 15 PDTC (including 3 mixed PDTC/PTC), 9 'pure' PTC, and 9 ATC. Compared to normal thyroid tissue all 'set 1' miRNAs were significantly upregulated in PTC (p<0.001); in ATC 4/5 miRNAs were upregulated (p<0.001) whereas in PDTC the expression levels of all 5 miRNAs did not differ significantly from normal thyroid. All miRNAs of 'set 2' were significantly upregulated in PTC (p<0.004) and downregulated in ATC (p<0.03); in PDTC only 3/5 were downregulated (p<0.011). All 10 miRNAs investigated differed significantly (p<0.003) between PTC and PDTC. In the histologically differentiated PTC compound of mixed PDTC/PTC cases, however, miRNA expression levels of all 10 miRNAs investigated lacked significant difference from those found in the PDTC compound, whereas 6/10 miRNAs differed significantly from 'pure' PTC. Our results indicate that analysis of distinct sets of miRNAs represent useful tools to distinguish PDTC from 'pure' PTC. Additionally our findings suggest that lack of deregulation of some miRNAs may select a subset of PTC prone to progression to PDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwertheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Sheu SY, Grabellus F, Schwertheim S, Handke S, Worm K, Schmid KW. Lack of correlation between BRAF V600E mutational status and the expression profile of a distinct set of miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41:482-7. [PMID: 19370505 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a significant upregulation of distinct microRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression, in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In the pathogenesis of PTC the T1799A (V600E) BRAF mutation is the most common genetic alteration leading to a constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. The aim of the present study was to elucidate a possible correlation between BRAF mutational status and a distinct miRNA expression profile. In a series of 221 PTC we determined the BRAF V600E mutational status using DNA-sequencing and correlated the occurrence of the mutation with a variety of clinicopathologcial data. The miRNA expression profile of five selected subtypes (miRNA-146b, -181b, -21, -221, -222) in two matched cohorts of BRAF positive (n=28) and wildtype cases (n=26) was examined by RT-PCR TaqMan miRNA assay. The BRAF V600E mutation was significantly found in PTCs with extrathyroidal extension (p <0.001). Among them, V600E was even significantly associated with smaller tumour size of 1 cm or less (microcarcinomas; p<0.003) and the follicular (p=0.017) and tall cell variant (p=0.015). By calculating relative changes in miRNA gene expression no differences in fold changes could be detected between BRAF positive and wildtype PTC suggesting that BRAF has no regulatory influence on the expression of the five examined miRNAs. However, our study confirmed the diagnostic utility of this distinct set of miRNAs to detect PTC by significant fold changes in at least 3 miRNAs (miRNA-146b, -221, -222) irrespective of its histological variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Sheu
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schou J, Steentoft A, Worm K, Andersen JM, Nielsen E. A highly sensitive method for gas chromatographic measurement of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN). Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 2009; 30:480-2. [PMID: 5172281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Andersen JM, Nielsen E, Schou J, Steentoft A, Worm K. A specific method for the demonstration of cannabis intake by TLC of urine. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 2009; 29:111-2. [PMID: 5107803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Theegarten D, Worm K, Anhenn O, Kamler M, Sommerwerck U, Tötsch M. Primäres pulmonales Adenokarzinom nach bilateraler Lungentransplantation. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Theegarten D, Worm K, Bauer PC, Anhenn O, Tötsch M. Tuberkulosediagnostik mittels Ziehl-Neelsen-Färbung und PCR an fixiertem zytologischem Material. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tötsch M, Sheu S, Welter S, Stamatis G, Worm K, Theegarten D. Nachweis und Subtypisiserung von thorakalen Metastasen von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen mittels miRNA. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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