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Fichera A, King R, Kath J, Cobon D, Reardon-Smith K. Spatial modelling of agro-ecologically significant grassland species using the INLA-SPDE approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4972. [PMID: 36973470 PMCID: PMC10043286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of spatially referenced data in agricultural systems modelling has grown in recent decades, however, the use of spatial modelling techniques in agricultural science is limited. In this paper, we test an effective and efficient technique for spatially modelling and analysing agricultural data using Bayesian hierarchical spatial models (BHSM). These models utilise analytical approximations and numerical integration called Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA). We critically analyse and compare the performance of the INLA and INLA-SPDE (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation with Stochastic Partial Differential Equation) approaches against the more commonly used generalised linear model (glm), by modelling binary geostatistical species presence/absence data for several agro-ecologically significant Australian grassland species. The INLA-SPDE approach showed excellent predictive performance (ROCAUC 0.9271-0.9623) for all species. Further, the glm approach not accounting for spatial autocorrelation had inconsistent parameter estimates (switching between significantly positive and negative) when the dataset was subsetted and modelled at different scales. In contrast, the INLA-SPDE approach which accounted for spatial autocorrelation had stable parameter estimates. Using approaches which explicitly account for spatial autocorrelation, such as INLA-SPDE, improves model predictive performance and may provide a significant advantage for researchers by reducing the potential for Type I or false-positive errors in inferences about the significance of predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fichera
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Rachel King
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jarrod Kath
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - David Cobon
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
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2
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Kath J, Byrareddy VM, Reardon-Smith K, Mushtaq S. Early flowering changes robusta coffee yield responses to climate stress and management. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:158836. [PMID: 36122728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A shift towards earlier flowering is a widely noted consequence of climate change for the world's plants. However, whether early flowering changes the way in which plants respond to climate stress, and in turn plant yield, remains largely unexplored. Using 10 years of flowering time and yield observations (Total N = 5580) from 558 robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) farms across Vietnam we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the drivers of flowering day anomalies and the consequent effects of this on coffee climate stress sensitivity and management responses (i.e. irrigation and fertilization). SEM allowed us to model the cascading and interacting effects of differences in flowering time, growing season length and climate stress. Warm nights were the main driver of early flowering (i.e. flowering day anomalies <0), which in turn corresponded to longer growing seasons. Early flowering was linked to greater sensitivity of yield to temperature during flowering (i.e. early in the season). In contrast, when late flowering occurred yield was most sensitive to temperature and rainfall later in the growing season, after flowering and fruit development. The positive effects of tree age and fertilizer on yield, apparent under late flowering conditions, were absent when flowering occurred early. Late flowering models predicted yields under early flowering conditions poorly (a 50 % reduction in cross-validated R2 of 0.54 to 0.27). Likewise, models based on early flowering were unable to predict yields well under late flowering conditions (a 75 % reduction in cross-validated R2, from 0.58 to 0.14). Our results show that early flowering changes the sensitivity of coffee production to climate stress and management and in turn our ability to predict yield. Our results indicate that changes in plant phenology need to be taken into account in order to more accurately assess climate risk and management impacts on plant performance and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Kath
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vivekananda Mittahalli Byrareddy
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Future Drought Fund Hub (Research), University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahbaz Mushtaq
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Pham Y, Reardon-Smith K, Deo RC. Evaluating management strategies for sustainable crop production under changing climate conditions: A system dynamics approach. J Environ Manage 2021; 292:112790. [PMID: 34058543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of drought pose significant threats to sustainable agricultural production across the world. Managing drought risks is challenging given the complexity of the interdependencies and feedback between climate drivers and socio-economic and ecological systems. To better understand the dynamics that drive the impacts of drought and water scarcity on crop production, a system dynamics model has been developed to explore complex interactions between factors in associated with drought and agricultural production, and examine how these might impact agricultural sustainability, using a case study in a coffee production system in Viet Nam. The model shows that water- and land-use drivers and their interactions with ecological and socio-economic factors play a more significant role than drought in determining the sustainability of coffee production. Results of policy scenario analyses indicate that drought conditions might exacerbate problems related to water shortages for irrigation but their impacts could be substantially minimized through applying intervention strategies, including restriction of the total area of land available for coffee production (to ~ 190,000 ha) and a 25% reduction in the irrigation amount per hectare of coffee compared to the common practices. Overall, the model findings add significant insight into drought and water resources management for sustainable crop production and the developed model can serve as a decision-support tool to inform strategic policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Pham
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia; Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Ravinesh C Deo
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
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Bundschuh J, Maity JP, Mushtaq S, Vithanage M, Seneweera S, Schneider J, Bhattacharya P, Khan NI, Hamawand I, Guilherme LRG, Reardon-Smith K, Parvez F, Morales-Simfors N, Ghaze S, Pudmenzky C, Kouadio L, Chen CY. Medical geology in the framework of the sustainable development goals. Sci Total Environ 2017; 581-582:87-104. [PMID: 28062106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to geogenic contaminants (GCs) such as metal(loid)s, radioactive metals and isotopes as well as transuraniums occurring naturally in geogenic sources (rocks, minerals) can negatively impact on environmental and human health. The GCs are released into the environment by natural biogeochemical processes within the near-surface environments and/or by anthropogenic activities such as mining and hydrocarbon exploitation as well as exploitation of geothermal resources. They can contaminate soil, water, air and biota and subsequently enter the food chain with often serious health impacts which are mostly underestimated and poorly recognized. Global population explosion and economic growth and the associated increase in demand for water, energy, food, and mineral resources result in accelerated release of GCs globally. The emerging science of "medical geology" assesses the complex relationships between geo-environmental factors and their impacts on humans and environments and is related to the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations for Sustainable Development. In this paper, we identify multiple lines of evidence for the role of GCs in the incidence of diseases with as yet unknown etiology (causation). Integrated medical geology promises a more holistic understanding of the occurrence, mobility, bioavailability, bio-accessibility, exposure and transfer mechanisms of GCs to the food-chain and humans, and the related ecotoxicological impacts and health effects. Scientific evidence based on this approach will support adaptive solutions for prevention, preparedness and response regarding human and environmental health impacts originating from exposure to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bundschuh
- Deputy Vice-Chancellor's Office (Research and Innovation), University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Shahbaz Mushtaq
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Jerusa Schneider
- Sanitation and Environment Dept., School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, State University of Campinas, 113083-889 Campinas, (SP), Brazil.
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia; KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nasreen Islam Khan
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; GIS Social Science Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
| | - Ihsan Hamawand
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP: 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman, School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., 10032 NewYork, NY, USA.
| | | | - Sara Ghaze
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Christa Pudmenzky
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Louis Kouadio
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia.
| | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan.
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Maraseni TN, Reardon-Smith K, Griffiths G, Apan A. Savanna burning methodology for fire management and emissions reduction: a critical review of influencing factors. Carbon Balance Manag 2016; 11:25. [PMID: 27909461 PMCID: PMC5112293 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-016-0067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Savanna fire is a major source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Australia, savanna fire contributes about 3% of annual GHG emissions reportable to the Kyoto Protocol. In order to reduce GHG emissions from savanna burning, the Australian government has developed and approved a Kyoto compliant savanna controlled burning methodology-the first legal instrument of this kind at a global level-under its Emission Reduction Fund. However, this approved methodology is currently only applicable to nine vegetation fuel types across northern parts of Australia in areas which receive on average over 600 mm rainfall annually, covering only 15.4% of the total land area in Australia. Savanna ecosystems extend across a large proportion of mainland Australia. This paper provides a critical review of ten key factors that need to be considered in developing a savanna burning methodology applicable to the other parts of Australia. It will also inform discussion in other countries intent on developing similar emissions reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tek Narayan Maraseni
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 Australia
| | - Greg Griffiths
- Natural Resources Management and Parks, South Burnett Regional Council, Queensland, 4610 Australia
| | - Armando Apan
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 Australia
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Kath J, Powell S, Reardon-Smith K, El Sawah S, Jakeman AJ, Croke BFW, Dyer FJ. Groundwater salinization intensifies drought impacts in forests and reduces refuge capacity. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Kath
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
| | - Sue Powell
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia
| | - Sondoss El Sawah
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony J. Jakeman
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Barry F. W. Croke
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Mathematical Sciences Institute; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fiona J. Dyer
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
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7
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Khair SM, Mushtaq S, Reardon-Smith K. Groundwater Governance in a Water-Starved Country: Public Policy, Farmers' Perceptions, and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan, Pakistan. Ground Water 2015; 53:626-637. [PMID: 25158825 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan faces the challenge of developing sustainable groundwater policies with the main focus on groundwater management rather than groundwater development and with appropriate governance arrangement to ensure benefits continue into the future. This article investigates groundwater policy, farmers' perceptions, and drivers of tubewell (groundwater bore) adoption and proposes possible pathways for improved groundwater management for Balochistan, Pakistan. Historical groundwater policies were mainly aimed at increasing agricultural production and reducing poverty, without consideration of adverse impact on groundwater availability. These groundwater policies and governance arrangements have resulted in a massive decline in groundwater tables. Tubewell owners' rankings of the drivers of groundwater decline suggest that rapid and widespread installation of tubewells, together with uncontrolled extraction due to lack of property rights, electricity subsidy policies, and ineffective governance, are key causes of groundwater decline in Balochistan. An empirical "tubewell adoption" model confirmed that the electricity subsidy significantly influenced tubewell adoption decisions. The article proposes a more rational electricity subsidy policy for sustaining groundwater levels in the short-run. However, in the long run a more comprehensive sustainable groundwater management policy, with strong institutional support and involvement of all stakeholders, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohammad Khair
- Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- Australian Digital Futures Institute, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
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8
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Kath J, Reardon-Smith K, Le Brocque A, Dyer F, Dafny E, Fritz L, Batterham M. Groundwater decline and tree change in floodplain landscapes: Identifying non-linear threshold responses in canopy condition. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Moles AT, Peco B, Wallis IR, Foley WJ, Poore AGB, Seabloom EW, Vesk PA, Bisigato AJ, Cella-Pizarro L, Clark CJ, Cohen PS, Cornwell WK, Edwards W, Ejrnaes R, Gonzales-Ojeda T, Graae BJ, Hay G, Lumbwe FC, Magaña-Rodríguez B, Moore BD, Peri PL, Poulsen JR, Stegen JC, Veldtman R, von Zeipel H, Andrew NR, Boulter SL, Borer ET, Cornelissen JHC, Farji-Brener AG, DeGabriel JL, Jurado E, Kyhn LA, Low B, Mulder CPH, Reardon-Smith K, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, De Fortier A, Zheng Z, Blendinger PG, Enquist BJ, Facelli JM, Knight T, Majer JD, Martínez-Ramos M, McQuillan P, Hui FKC. Correlations between physical and chemical defences in plants: tradeoffs, syndromes, or just many different ways to skin a herbivorous cat? New Phytol 2013; 198:252-263. [PMID: 23316750 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species have a range of traits that deter herbivores. However, understanding of how different defences are related to one another is surprisingly weak. Many authors argue that defence traits trade off against one another, while others argue that they form coordinated defence syndromes. We collected a dataset of unprecedented taxonomic and geographic scope (261 species spanning 80 families, from 75 sites across the globe) to investigate relationships among four chemical and six physical defences. Five of the 45 pairwise correlations between defence traits were significant and three of these were tradeoffs. The relationship between species' overall chemical and physical defence levels was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.08), and remained nonsignificant after accounting for phylogeny, growth form and abundance. Neither categorical principal component analysis (PCA) nor hierarchical cluster analysis supported the idea that species displayed defence syndromes. Our results do not support arguments for tradeoffs or for coordinated defence syndromes. Rather, plants display a range of combinations of defence traits. We suggest this lack of consistent defence syndromes may be adaptive, resulting from selective pressure to deploy a different combination of defences to coexisting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin s/n, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian R Wallis
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - William J Foley
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alejandro J Bisigato
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Blvd. Brown s/n, 9120, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | | | - Connie J Clark
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA, 02540, USA
| | - Philippe S Cohen
- Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- Institute of Ecological Science, Department of Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Will Edwards
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasmus Ejrnaes
- National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, 8420, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Therany Gonzales-Ojeda
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jr. San Mart í n 451, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Bente J Graae
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko Naturvetenskapliga Station, 98107, Abisko, Sweden
- Department of Biology, NTNU, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gregory Hay
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Fainess C Lumbwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Benjamín Magaña-Rodríguez
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben D Moore
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, INTA, CONICET, 9400, Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - John R Poulsen
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA, 02540, USA
| | - James C Stegen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ruan Veldtman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Hugo von Zeipel
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sarah L Boulter
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jane L DeGabriel
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Enrique Jurado
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, University of Nuevo Leon, Linares, 67700, Mexico
| | - Line A Kyhn
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK- 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bill Low
- Low Ecological Services, PO Box 3130, Alice Springs, NT, 0871, Australia
| | - Christa P H Mulder
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, 58190, México
| | - An De Fortier
- Department of Zoology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, Kwadlangezwa, 3886, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Pedro G Blendinger
- CONICET and Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena, 4107, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Knight
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1137, St Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Jonathan D Majer
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, 58190, México
| | - Peter McQuillan
- School of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Francis K C Hui
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Maraseni TN, Mushtaq S, Reardon-Smith K. Integrated analysis for a carbon- and water-constrained future: an assessment of drip irrigation in a lettuce production system in eastern Australia. J Environ Manage 2012; 111:220-6. [PMID: 22935628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Australian Government is meeting the challenge of water scarcity and climate change through significant on-farm infrastructure investment to increase water use efficiency and productivity, and secure longer term water supplies. However, it is likely that on-farm infrastructure investment will alter energy consumption and therefore generate considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, suggesting potential conflicts in terms of mitigation and adaptation policies. In particular, the introduction of a price on carbon may influence the extent to which new irrigation technologies are adopted. This study evaluated trade-offs between water savings, GHG emissions and economic gain associated with the conversion of a sprinkler (hand shift) irrigation system to a drip (trickle) irrigation system for a lettuce production system in the Lockyer Valley, one of the major vegetable producing regions in Australia. Surprisingly, instead of trade-offs, this study found positive synergies - a win-win situation. The conversion of the old hand-shift sprinkler irrigation system to a drip irrigation system resulted in significant water savings of almost 2 ML/ha, as well as an overall reduction in GHG emissions. Economic modelling, at a carbon price of $ 30/t CO(2)e, indicated that there was a net benefit of adoption of the drip irrigation system of about $ 4620/ML/year. We suggest priority should be given, in the implementation of on-farm infrastructure investment policy, to replacing older inefficient and energy-intensive sprinkler irrigation systems such as hand shift and roll-line. The findings of the study support the use of an integrated approach to avoid possible conflicts in designing national climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, both of which are being developed in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Maraseni
- Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments, University of Southern Queensland, West St., Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
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Moles AT, Wallis IR, Foley WJ, Warton DI, Stegen JC, Bisigato AJ, Cella-Pizarro L, Clark CJ, Cohen PS, Cornwell WK, Edwards W, Ejrnaes R, Gonzales-Ojeda T, Graae BJ, Hay G, Lumbwe FC, Magaña-Rodríguez B, Moore BD, Peri PL, Poulsen JR, Veldtman R, von Zeipel H, Andrew NR, Boulter SL, Borer ET, Campón FF, Coll M, Farji-Brener AG, De Gabriel J, Jurado E, Kyhn LA, Low B, Mulder CPH, Reardon-Smith K, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Seabloom EW, Vesk PA, van Cauter A, Waldram MS, Zheng Z, Blendinger PG, Enquist BJ, Facelli JM, Knight T, Majer JD, Martínez-Ramos M, McQuillan P, Prior LD. Putting plant resistance traits on the map: a test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes. New Phytol 2011; 191:777-788. [PMID: 21539574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
• It has long been believed that plant species from the tropics have higher levels of traits associated with resistance to herbivores than do species from higher latitudes. A meta-analysis recently showed that the published literature does not support this theory. However, the idea has never been tested using data gathered with consistent methods from a wide range of latitudes. • We quantified the relationship between latitude and a broad range of chemical and physical traits across 301 species from 75 sites world-wide. • Six putative resistance traits, including tannins, the concentration of lipids (an indicator of oils, waxes and resins), and leaf toughness were greater in high-latitude species. Six traits, including cyanide production and the presence of spines, were unrelated to latitude. Only ash content (an indicator of inorganic substances such as calcium oxalates and phytoliths) and the properties of species with delayed greening were higher in the tropics. • Our results do not support the hypothesis that tropical plants have higher levels of resistance traits than do plants from higher latitudes. If anything, plants have higher resistance toward the poles. The greater resistance traits of high-latitude species might be explained by the greater cost of losing a given amount of leaf tissue in low-productivity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian R Wallis
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - William J Foley
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David I Warton
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James C Stegen
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Alejandro J Bisigato
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Blvd. Brown s/n, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | | | - Connie J Clark
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Philippe S Cohen
- Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Will Edwards
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Australia
| | - Rasmus Ejrnaes
- National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, 8420 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Therany Gonzales-Ojeda
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jr. San Martín 451, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Bente J Graae
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko Naturvetenskapliga Station, 98107 Abisko, Sweden
- Department of Biology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gregory Hay
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Fainess C Lumbwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Benjamín Magaña-Rodríguez
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben D Moore
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Ecology Group, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Pablo L Peri
- INTA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, 9400 Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - John R Poulsen
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Ruan Veldtman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa
| | - Hugo von Zeipel
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sarah L Boulter
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Florencia Fernández Campón
- Laboratorio de Entomología, CCT Mendoza-CONICET Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Moshe Coll
- Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Jane De Gabriel
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Enrique Jurado
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, University of Nuevo Leon, Linares 67700, Mexico
| | - Line A Kyhn
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bill Low
- Low Ecological Services, PO Box 3130, Alice Springs, NT 0871, Australia
| | - Christa P H Mulder
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, México
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - An van Cauter
- Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X1, Rhondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Matthew S Waldram
- Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X1, Rhondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Pedro G Blendinger
- CONICET and Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena 4107, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jose M Facelli
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tiffany Knight
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Jonathan D Majer
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, México
| | - Peter McQuillan
- School of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Lynda D Prior
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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